Career advice for university students

Seek internship opportunities

Internships are a great way to gain valuable, hands-on experience in your field. For your internship to be beneficial, it must apply to your career aspirations. For example, if you’re interested in becoming a veterinarian, it may be beneficial to work at a kennel or animal shelter where you can learn proper animal care and handling.

Grow your skills and knowledge

Employers want to hire candidates with a wide range of skills. Use your college years to expand your skills and overall knowledge. Consider elective courses relevant to your career aspirations. For example, if you’re a photographer, taking an art class can help you expand your creativity. If your school doesn’t offer classes in the skill you’re hoping to grow, consider investing in relevant software.

Get an early start

To ensure you get the most out of your career, start looking for opportunities before you graduate. Find jobs relevant to your major. For example, if you’re interested in becoming a graphic designer, consider working for a design agency. This opportunity can help you understand what daily life is like for fellow designers and help you better understand the industry. Similarly, if you’re an art major, consider working for a local gallery to gain knowledge about the art industry. The sooner you look for opportunities, the greater chance you have of getting a job.

Keep your skills up-to-date

When you apply for a job or internship, you’ll likely be competing with other candidates. Because of this, it’s important to keep your skills current regardless of your industry. This means staying up-to-date with various technology and industry trends to help you gain an advantage over other candidates and make you stand out to hiring managers. Stay current by doing online research, reading professional journals or visiting your school’s library.

Pursue your passion

The easiest way to find happiness in your career is to determine what you love doing. For example, if you enjoy woodworking or metalworking, consider becoming an engineer. This ensures you’re doing something that makes you happy every day and will help your job feel less like work and more like fun. Following your dreams can also help increase your productivity because you’ll likely be more excited about going back to work. This advice is crucial as you advance in your career because it ensures you stay encouraged and driven to be the best you can be in your industry.

Strive for excellence and stay motivated

Whether you’re in your first job or an internship, it’s important to aspire to be the best you can be. Identify your own mistakes and believe in yourself and your abilities. This can help you stay vigilant in pursuing your dreams and give you the ability to advance in your career. Ultimately, striving for excellence can help you find success.

Use your school’s career services

Before you graduate, take advantage of your school’s career services to help you jump-start your career. This campus resource can provide you with a wealth of information, from crafting a resume to getting a job. Your school’s career services can also put you in touch with alumni in your field. Your tuition also pays for these services.

Reference

https://www.indeed.com/career-advice/career-development/career-advice-for-college-students

Selection of our career after school

There are some major factors which influence the selection of our career

Selecting the right course and college is a very significant decision after 12th because the right selection will lead to a gratifying career as the wrong one is equal to ending up in studying a subject or a sphere that doesn’t really interest you. Moreover, the choice made after class 12 will be the one that will decide your future.

The contemporary and highly competitive world is giving the students a tough time to choose their career. Today, students are facing with plentiful options as there are several courses all of which look almost equally lucrative and interesting.

  1. Cultural background: The cultural background of an individual plays a massive role in influencing the career.
    • Example: if the parents are doctors the child may be very much inspired by their way of life or the respect that is being paid in the society. So the child may opt to become a doctor.
  2. Bad work experience:  A bad work experience of any family member in a particular field may also influence the teenage in a negative way. It may lead to loss of interest in that particular kind of job.
  3. Economic condition: It’s hard to believe that many dreams are killed every day as the economic condition of the family is one of the main reasons.
    • Example: A hefty amount is required to get admission in an architectural designing college.
  4. Potential: Different profession demand different kind of requirements.
    • Example: If you want to join the film industry and you don’t have the requirements such as height and various physical requirements than perusing a course on acting and dreaming to be actor may be a waste of time and money. Pursuing a career depending on the potential may lead to success.
  5. Parent’s dreams: Every parent has dreams and expectation for their child regarding their future. Sometimes children’s are being forced to fulfil their parent’s dream by killing their own dream.
  6. Social value of the job:  Some people get fascinated towards some jobs because of the respect and social value they carry.
    • Example: Being an IAS officer carries a lot of admiration in the society.
  7. Peer pressure: Peer also plays a very important role while choosing a career. Some people choose the same career as their friend to maintain the same level of status forgetting their own field of interest.
  8. Income: The future income of the job also plays a very important role while choosing a particular career. Some time running behind money kills the field that we are really interested in.
  9. Our tastes and interests: Career should be selected depending on our tastes and interest which will help to give 100% to the job.
Reference

https://www.thehighereducationreview.com/news/tips-to-choose-the-right-course-after-12th-nid-797.html

Resume writing for freshers

What is a resume?

Starting your career on the right foot is crucial, and having a polished resume can make all the difference. For freshers looking to craft a standout resume and boost their job prospects, Your Next Jump offers expert guidance, resume writing, and LinkedIn optimization to help you take your career to the next level. A resume is a formal document that serves to show a person’s career background and skills.

Pick the right resume template

The reverse chronological resume format includes employment history beginning with the most recent and then going backwards. Reverse chronological resumes show dates, as well as employers and educational institutions. It is the most common format in the resume.

Write down your contact information
  • First and last name
  • Mobile number
  • Email: Make sure it’s a professional email address (e.g. first.lastname@gmail.com) and that it’s not something like biker70@gmail.com!
  • Location
  • LinkedIn profile: Recruiters often want an easy way to see your online profile. Make sure it matches your resume (in terms of job titles, dates, roles) and it is overall impressive.

Education
  • Write the name of the college and its location
  • Add the degree you received
  • Include the dates you attended: if you’re still attending the college, you can write “Present” or “Current” instead of listing the end date or you could add your expected graduation date.
  • List notable achievements
  • Include your GPA is 3.0 above

Experience

As a recent graduate, the recruiters knows you don’t have work experience. As long as you’re applying for a junior or entry-level position, the experience isn’t something expected from you.

Instead, the recruiter will be looking for other experiences that enrich you profile like,

  • Internships
  • Extracurricular activities
  • Projects

Skills

The two types of skills you can mention on your resume are soft skills and hard skills.

Soft skills are attributes that help you adapt to work environments, work in a team and apply your hard skills effectively. They are related to your personality, social skills, communication, attitude, etc.

Hard skills refer to technical knowledge and specific tools. They are skills that one learns and applies directly to the job. Some examples of hard skills include microsoft word, adobe photoshop, etc.

Language

If you know another language, you should always include it on your resume as it indicates to a recruiter that you’ve invested in yourself. It can also qualify you for a multitude of positions that require someone bilingual or multi-lingual.

Mention the proficiency levels like,

  • Basic / Average / Good
  • Intermediate / Very good
  • Advanced / Excellent
  • Mother tongue / Native / Bilingual

Mention optional sections
  • Volunteering: If you have some volunteering experience, make sure to include it in your first job resume. Such a section shows commitment, dedication and a sense of purpose, something most recruiters will appreciate.
  • Hobbies: You can show your genuine interest in the industry or field by listing some relevant hobbies / interests.
  • Awards and certifications: Whether it’s an award from an essay competition in college or a certificate from an online course, anything that flatters your profile should be added.

Should not include your photo on YOUR resume

Adding a picture to your resume could hurt your chances of getting the job.

  • Recruiters are careful to avoid discrimination and unconscious bias
  • Some hiring managers may consider resume photos unprofessional
  • A resume picture could distract from your skills and experience
  • Images are not ATS friendly

What is an ATS compatible resume?

An Application Tracking System is a software application that enables the electronic handling of recruitment and hiring needs. Click the below links to check your resume score!

https://resumeworded.com/

How long resume length?

A concise, targeted resume shows recruiters your ability to synthesize, prioritize and convey your most important achievements. As an entry-level candidate, your resume should be no more than one page long.

Top student resumes are between 450 and 650 words long.

Total bullet points

For context, top resumes at your career level use between 12-20 bullet points to describe their accomplishments in core sections (e.g. your work experience).

Other sections like your summary, skills or education are not counted in this check.

Unnecessary sections

While you can include a short summary on your resume, do not include an objective in your resume. It is clear to hiring managers that you are looking for a job – there’s no need to restate it at the top of your resume.

You shouldn’t include a references section in your resume. Employers will ask you directly if they ever need to contact your reference.

Repetition

Avoid repeating action verbs and phrases on your resume.

Unique action verbs and language show hiring managers that you have held different roles and skill sets. They also help your accomplishments stand out and make them more impactful.

Even when describing similar skills, try to always unique language in terms of verbs and phrases. This makes your resume less monotonous and helps you stand out.

Important tips

Use a single-column layout: A single-column resume layout allows recruiters to read it easily.

Pick a common font, size: We recommend to use readable font like times new roman or arial and set the font size to 13-14 for headings and size 12 for contents.

Resume templates

If you’re a high school student or a college student, don’t have much work experience yet or looking for entry-level jobs, these student resume templates are perfect for you. They prioritize your education by listing it first, and show you how to list your university projects and extracurricular activities on your resume. These resume templates are downloadable in Word (.doc) format or editable directly via Google Docs.

https://resumeworded.com/resume-templates

Reference

10 Simple Copywriting Tips

 

Over the last decade, the demand for good quality and reliable content has increased drastically. People are interested to know the reasons, information, and the background story behind their purchasing choice, be it an escape room/mystery room, a tourism package, any online product, or daily delivery services. Due to this rise in the need for effective and trustworthy source material on the internet, content writing and copywriting have climbed up the ladder of popularity and necessity in the professional market. 

Nowadays, more content and copywriting writers are required to fill the ever-growing need for creating persuasive and attractive content to get more customers to a company or brand. 

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As a result, many writers dream and aspire to become successful copywriters. Many people practice copywriting but are unable to get the fruits of their hard work. And some authors are too nervous and lack the right direction for beginning their career as content writers. Are you also aiming to become a copywriter and create impressive and high-quality content? Or are you working to hone your skills to produce content that would generate more clicks and traffic? To help you conquer your writer’s block and get better and progressive outcomes in your writing career, we are providing you with the 10 simple copywriting tips:   

1.      Have a refined heading 

Headings determine whether a reader would like to click on your content and go through with the entire post. To make it more appealing and hard to ignore, always start copywriting your articles with a killer heading. 

You don’t have to show off your vocabulary glory or classy writing knowledge here, just a clever and memorable title with do. It should reflect what you offer in your post and align with the customer’s search option. Add in some captivating words blended in it, and you’re done.    

2.      Research a lot in advance 

The importance of research in copywriting is unmatched. Some of the best copywriters are also excellent researchers and spend most of their time digging into new topics, researching, and drilling to find a perfect load of information. The more you research, the more chances you have to beat your writer’s block and experiment with new and interesting possibilities in your copywriting content.  

3.      Back up your statements 

Users look for validating and reliable content online that they can use as a reference later. And if you don’t back up your statements and words with references and necessary links, nobody will prefer to engage in your work. If you are providing results or facts from a survey or including any numerical or statement data, add the link to back it up. It will assure the readers that your words aren’t merely hypothetical and you are giving them good, honest, and beneficial content.   

4.      Make your content interesting 

If you ever feel falling short of ideas and stuck in a stagnant place, add interest in your copywriting to maintain the user-friendly touch. Add some fascinating narratives to make it appear more visually likable for everyone. And your unique character and method will do the rest. Interesting copywriting content is known to grab the attention of the audience, direct it towards something and influence their outlook on it. So, instead of being pushy and persuasive, try making your work stimulating.  

5.      Keep it simple 

When it comes to copywriting, sometimes it is better to keep it simple and easy to grasp for the audience. People prefer to micro-read and quickly scan through many articles these days because the symptom of attention deficiency is common in this era of digital dependence. But if your content and words are precise, concise, and simple to understand, the readers will find it easy to go through the whole post and not feel burdened to identify the real message behind it.  

6.      Focus on satisfying your readers 

Customer satisfaction is the pillar holding the marketing and content writing industry. Thus, focus on satisfying your readers. If you’re writing about baking the perfect rich and dark chocolate cake, add all the details and the best images to make the article more appealing and fun to read. 

Imagine it like this – somewhere in the world, a user will search for something, and your heading will attract them. To ensure they are happy and content with each of your words, Copywrite it accordingly to deliver the emotion. In the end, your customer will be satisfied and will not have to go back to the homepage of the search engine to look for another title.  

7.      Be a storyteller 

The art of storytelling or narrative helps capture the prospect of the reader. It will give them a reason to stay in and find what happens at the end. A good copywriter focuses on storytelling and giving the readers a hook appealing enough to keep them hungry to know more and stay until the end. 

Telling a story works because it helps people relate to the creator. And it forms an emotional link that tremendously helps in good copywriting and attracting more clients for your company or business.  

8.      Provide benefits 

You know the rules – if the audience won’t find benefits for themselves, they will not be appealed or swayed by the offer. Some of the best copywriting headlines focus on providing solutions and benefits to the users and paying attention to their sentiments. Easy to fix and include, this tip is quick to forge and mention in your copy. Thus, keep your work surrounded with advantageous deals and ideas for the clients to make them feel they are gaining something here.  

9.      Use examples 

Using examples helps in copywriting because it appears more credible and engaging. Suitable examples and stories to back up your testimony make your copy memorable and help it leave behind a long-lasting impression on the mind of the readers. It sets your work apart in the ocean of similar content published on the internet, and the specific details give it an upper edge for advertising your enterprise.  

10.  Emphasize the values and points 

Quite often, many writers deviate from the central theme of their posts and end up with messy and hard-to-come-across content. To avoid falling into this trap, focus on emphasizing the key points and values behind your copy and mention them at least three times in the whole article. By stressing the prospectus advantages and worth in your post, you can deliver better content and call your audience to take action in this direction. 

 

Conclusion 

Whether an amateur or a professional writer, you can still gain plenty from these easy and efficient copywriting tips. You can also include your formulae and alter them to suit your needs and hobby. But what counts as the soul of any writer’s career is their true purpose. Always remind yourself of the real reason behind being an author and picking up writing in your life. 

With your intentions crystal clear, you can easily reflect on your principles and work harder towards your aim. And that is the real way to become a good content creator. Now it’s your turn to make the best of the above ideas and excel in the copywriting industry. Have happy writing ahead! 

 

 

 

 

 

Stand-up Comedians

Laugh has always been a therapy that people rely on when they do not feel their own self or are having a tough day. Although there are a number of shows and movies that could give a hearty laugh but a new culture or profession has been gaining fans in India today and that is Stand-up Comedy. A number of individuals have become popular especially among the young generation. Their popularity has hit the sky with the fact that many of them are approached for brand works. This new coming of a community of the comedians there are certain faces that have become everyday names in the Indian households like Zakir Khan, Tanmay Bhatt, Munawar Faruqi, Sumukhi Suresh, Aishwarya Mohanraj, Urooj Ashfaq, Kenny Sebastian, Abish Mathew, Samay Raina, Kunal Kamra, Anubhav Singh Bassi, Harsh Gujral, Adar Malik, Kanan Gill, Prashasti Singh, Sumera Sheikh, Rohan Joshi and many others.

Though it has been mainly seen as the instrument for some good laughter and for relieving the stress but with emergence of new platforms everyday many stand up comedian have turned into YouTubers furthering their interest in the field.  With over a million subscribers on the YouTube, they have been able to get a fan base beyond their live shows. People with an internet connection have been able to get access to their craft and become not just their fan but someone they adore. Stand-up comedy in India has been giving rise to a new culture where the ever increasing popularity of these comedians inspires young generation to follow their footsteps. Not only they have made a name for themselves as Stand up comedians but some have even been able to get themselves into the acting industry, for instance, Kanan Gill has starred in Sonakshi Sinha’s NOOR, Adar Malik has done a YouTube Series and some advertisement commercial, Sumukhi Suresh has her own web series on Amazon titled Pushpavalli (two seasons).

The popularity although seems easy does not really come at a low cost, the struggle behind the fame remains hidden. With a number of male stand-up comedians making a mark in the hearts of the people it has become difficult for the female stand- up comedians to get what they deserve. Their gender has played a role for making them less successful while putting in the equal hard work. Although not a lot of people agree with the view that women are less funny or lack sense of humour but still we come across typical, misogynistic, sexist individuals who does not want or accept comedy as a profession for females for the reason it being surely an easy task as being just about their beauty and not jokes. As the pandemic hit the world and there was a wave of depression and misery and sadness, it was comedy that came to the rescue of the world. It was the laughs that people wanted to bring them out of their sorrows and stand- up comedians happily took on the responsibility on their shoulders, to make the world a happy place in the tiring times of the pandemic. Although there was break even for them for their losses but they bounced back and saved the world.

Is rice consumed by humans harmful for parrots?

There is a urban legend that goes – “consuming uncooked rice is harmful for a bird and can even lead to it’s death.” Out of fear of causing harm to flocks, people have stopped throwing rice at weddings. If you are a parrot owner who has been believing in this urban legend so far, it is time to get rid of this misconception and include rice to the diet of your feathered buddy! No one is quite sure how this myth emerged but there is no truth to this notion and on the factual side rice can be cosidered a tasty and nutritious dietary staple. The infamous myth of rice killing birds was based upon the faulty assertion that rice upon consumption consumes all the moisture in a bird’s stomach and henceforth expands and causes tearing, ultimately leading to it’s demise. But the fact is rice after soaking up moisture in a bird’s stomach will expand in a way that will lead to a healthy digestion.
However, the question of focus is – what kind of rice is more preferrable? Raw or cooked? Or how much quantity of rice should you feed your pet parrot?
Rice contains protein, Iron, thiamine, niacine and magnesium that promotes optimal physiological function in birds. Rice is also rice in carbs and helps in providing energy to birds. Technically, birds can be fed both raw and cooked rice. While parrots living in the wild habitat are most likely to consume uncooked rice, one can feed their pet parrot cooked rice. Infact, in many cases it has been observed that parrots after getting a taste of soft and starchy flavour of cooked rice have rejected raw rice. Furthermore, birds with small beaks find it difficult to consume and digest uncooked rice. It is extremely important to keep in mind that under no circumstances, one should feed their parrot fried rice since they can be detrimental to their health. Fried rice contains oil, salt and other ingredients which are unhealthy substances for birds. Excess salts can lead to hardening of arteries and cause heart problems that can be fatal for your parrot. Only pure rice without any additives is considered nutritious for birds. While rice is considered healthy, one shouldn’t force it upon their pets if they refuse to consume rice. Just like humans, your pet bird also has his/her own set of preferences. Therefore, it is advisable that you consult your vet before making any changes to your pet’s diet routine.

Photo by Caio on Pexels.com

Time Heals Everything

Past two years have all been about deaths and losing our loved ones. It is nobody’s fault yet everybody had to pay. We might have been able to get the statics about the number of people who left us forever but there can never be the data regarding the emotions that accompanied those deaths. Some lost their parents, some their children, some their grandparents, some their brothers and sisters and others their friends and some their life partners. But one thing that is common among them is the vacuum they all feel in their lives and hearts with the loss of their loved ones. It is said that time heals everything, that people move on as time passes but can we really say that these people who lost their loved ones? One moment they were there smiling and the next moment they were in the hospital begging for oxygen, waiting for their turns on their death beds. Can we say them to be okay?

The fact that death is inevitable and the only truth of the life is all accepted but the suddenness with which individuals lost their family can never make them accept the truth of the life. They all had it in one moment and the next second they lost it altogether forever. They are left with a hole in their hearts, cried their eyes out, breath their lungs out for the people they lost to the havoc of the pandemic and with what fault? That they were not able to arrange oxygen for them in time or that they were poor to even afford an ambulance or that they just decided to wait long enough? No. Their mistake was to believe that the pandemic a conspiracy by some nation against them, their mistake was to accept the fact that covid is dangerous, their mistake was socializing when government even rolled out advisory, their mistake was that they left their home and their mistake was that they were naive enough to commit these stupid mistakes.

Now, as the world is getting towards normalcy, as the citizens are getting back at their lives as did before the pandemic hit the world, they want to believe that everything will be all fine, they want to have faith and hope in their lives ahead. Though it is difficult to even think of lives without our loved ones in it, it is far more difficult to even live the pain, but they will have to. Life has always been beautiful for one or the other reason, they had always been able to cope in one way or the other but this time it might be different but they have to for this is the right thing. They have to live on, for themselves, for their loved ones, for they live within them and live through them. They are allowed to miss them for they love them, but aren’t allowed to step back, to become fragile and lose what they are left with. They need to hang in there for it is the right thing to do, for no matter how hard one is affected, time indeed heals everything.

The Delivery That Smitten Everyone-The Flower Delivery

Introduction=

For every special occasion whether formal, informal, official, unofficial people usually find it appropriate to carry flowers with them. And as the culture where it is considered respectable and suitable gained popularity the business that flourished with florists diving into new world of trade and commerce is flower delivery. It is the service provided by many different companies both online and offline for people to order and send flowers to a distinct party to show their love, care and support.

Occasions=

The exchange of flowers usually takes place in occasions, like-

  •  Attending a party (public or personal)
  • Gifting them on special days
  • Sharing the happiness for big days (promotion, weddings, etc.)
  • Wishing good luck
  • Grieving or presenting condolences
  • Biding goodbye

History=

Very few are not aware of the fact that sale of flowers has been happening now for centuries and just the method or mode of delivery have changed with no modifications in the imperativeness that flower delivery holds. In the earlier days without the facility of any kind of mail service people took flowers themselves even for long journeys. As the progress started to happen now telegrams were being used for sending flowers on the other side. With courier service then came the dealing of flowers in the same city by phone. And currently online platform has given new heights to trade of flowers. Check out flower shop dubai to know more!

Modifications=

With advances in technology day after day, it became important for florists to improve their style of work as well. This modification mainly came in the field of supplying the flowers to the customers. With technological enhancement the providing of flowers through online portals became easy and efficient and in demand. It was significantly observed that consumers were now more interested in ordering online for it gave them more choices, better discounts and timely delivery all at the comfort of their homes.

Summing Up=

As there is a constant progress taking place in various fields in the contemporary world a change in pattern of getting flowers for different occasion was also destined. With the phenomenon of self love gaining fans, a new trend of getting flowers for themselves is apparent. Folks in today’s world do not wait for some being to get them flowers rather they go out and buy it for themselves. As new fads come and go the carrying of flowers to most occasions remain unaffected as it is the flower delivery that smitten everyone.

Photo by Jonathan Nenemann on Pexels.com

Impact of Covid-19 on Indian Tourism

The lockdown imposed by the countries has shaken different economic sectors to its core and one of the most affected and devastated sector is tourism industry. According to the report of World Travel and Tourism Council (WTTC), 100.8 million people lost their jobs which is 31% of the total jobs in this sector due to Covid-19 pandemic. It contributed 10.3% to the global economic GDP which is expected to lower down by 31%. It restricted the movement of various modes of transports such as aviation, railways, buses etc. It has caused reduction in human activities which in turn has affected the hospitality sector that goes hand in hand with the tourism industry.


Talking of Indian Tourism Industry, it is one of the largest service sectors including transportation, hospitality, food and beverage and associated tourism products which is famous for it’s hospitality, welcome, cultural heritage, lifestyles, variety of food and varied geography. The foreigners are largely attracted with the heritage and religious buildings, coastal areas, beaches, temples and a lot many which are yet to be discovered. Apart from these natural sight-seeing, many associated activities are also created so that people coming to this place also give a look at these such as adventure sports. It fascinates the tourists and also give them an enriching and life time experience. It may look as a very side-lined activities but contributes hugely in the promotion of tourism industry in India.


Covid affected this industry very badly which contributed to the global economy significantly and provided employment. Before the pandemic, it was flourishing day by day and touching new heights. The nationwide lockdown imposed by government of India restricted people to roam around freely and gather at one place to control the spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2. It also suspended all tourist visas which is now changed time to time with different terms and conditions. The rules and regulations are now not that stringent but there are personal preferences and choices also which matter a lot. It largely depends that how people perceive of that place which they are yet to visit or are visiting. They may think like this that maybe the country they want to visit has lifted all the restrictions but that was the hub of the infection in past times. It was the most affected nation with the novel coronavirus and the healthcare services and system provided are also not that advanced. Also, people present and residing there are also not fully vaccinated which creates the chances of getting contracted with the virus. All these factors are summed up and creates fear in their mind and their fear does not allow them to visit that place.


This is may vary with other countries who have advanced healthcare services, fully vaccinated citizens and which was also not very badly affected with the virus but then there are people who don’t want to take any chances even the slightest one.


So, the conclusion which comes out from considering all the facets, it will not be wrong to say that tourism industry suffered badly. There are many people who lost their jobs, livelihood and much more in these difficult times which cannot be put into words. The suffrage of these people cannot be felt and articulated. Only they know the struggles which are happen to take place every day and the pain it causes. Apart from all these, there are also people who now fear to take a tour which is obvious also. The fear will not be vanished in a day or two. It will take time and so its revival largely depends upon the methods opted by their country officials and the country which they want to visit. It will take more time compared to other industries to restore its former glory.

The origin of Glass- Why they are transparent?

Archaeological findings suggest that glass was first created during the Bronze Age in the Middle East. To the southeast, in Egypt, glass beads have seen found dating back to about 2500 B.C.E. Glass is made from a mixture of silica sand, calcium oxide, soda, and magnesium, which is melted in a furnace at 2,730°F (1,500°C). Most early furnaces produced insufficient heat to melt the glass properly, so glass was a luxury item that few people could afford. This situation changed in the first century B.C.E. when the blowpipe was discovered. Glass manufacturing spread throughout the Roman Empire in such quantities that glass was no longer a luxury. It flourished in Venice in the fifteenth century, where soda lime glass, known as ‘cristallo’, was developed. Venetian glass objects were said to be the most delicate and graceful in the world.

How glass was made?

It all begins in the earth’s crust, where the two most common elements are silicon and oxygen. These react together to form silicon dioxide, whose molecules arrange themselves into a regular crystalline form known as quartz. Quartz is commonly found in sand, where it often makes up most of the grains and is the main ingredient in most types of glass. You probably noticed that glass isn’t made of multiple tiny bits of quartz and for good reason. The edges of the rigidly formed grains and smaller defects within the crystal structure reflect and disperse light that hits them. But when the quartz is heated high enough, the extra energy makes the molecules vibrate until they break the bonds holding them together and become a flowing liquid, the same way that ice melts into water. Unlike water, though, liquid silicon dioxide does not reform into a crystal solid when it cools. Instead, as the molecules lose energy, they are less and less able to move into an ordered position, and the result is what is called an amorphous solid. A solid material with the chaotic structure of a liquid, which allows the molecules to freely fill in any gaps, this makes the surface of lass uniform on a microscopic level, allowing light to strike it without being scattered in different directions.

How glass is transparent?

Why light is able to pass through glass rather than being absorbed as with most solids? You may know that an atom consists of a nucleus with electrons orbiting around it, but you may not know that an atom has a lot of empty space. So, light passes through these atoms easily without hitting any of these particles. Then why aren’t all materials transparent? This is because, the different energy levels those electrons in an atom can have. Consider an atom of an iron, an electron in it initially assigned to move in a certain orbit. But if it had the enough energy; it could reach the exited state and jump to a closer orbit. So, one of the light photons passing through can provide the needed energy. But there is one thing; the energy from the photon has to be the right amount to get an electron to the next orbit. Otherwise, it will just let the photon pass by, and it just so happens that in glass, the electrons are placed so far from each other, that the photons of visible light can’t provide enough energy for an electron. Photons from ultra violet light give just the right amount of energy, and are absorbed. That’s why you can’t get a suntan through glass. This amazing property of being both solid and transparent has given glass many uses throughout the centuries.

In the 1950s Sir Alastair Pilkington introduced ‘float glass production”, a revolutionary method still used to make glass. Other developments have included safety glass, heat resistant glass, and fiber optics, where light pulses are sent along thin fibers of glass. Fiber optic devices are used in telecommunications and in medicine for viewing inaccessible parts of the human body.

ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES

Environmental issues harmful to human beings, animals and plants.They are environmental issues like pollution, deforestation, climate change, Ozone depletion, waste management.

MAJOR TYPES OF ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES:-

* Climate change

* Deforestation

* Ozone depletion

* Biodiversity Loss

* Acid rain

* Human overpopulation

* Global warming

CLIMATE CHANGE:-

Climate change is the long-term alteration of temperature and typical weather patterns in a place. It is both natural or artificial.But most of the it is because of humans.By burning of fossil fuels and natural gases like oil,coal which causes the release of green house gases leads to the alternation of climate.

DEFORESTATION:-

Deforestation is defined as removal of large amount of trees from forest and destroying agricultural lands for human deforestation is one of the major problem causes soil erosion,no rain, disturb water cycle and natural habitats.

OZONE DEPLETION:-

ozone depletion, gradual thinning of Earth’s ozone layer in the upper atmosphere caused by the release of chemical compounds containing gaseous chlorine or bromine from industry and other human activities.ozone depletion cause increase in uv radiation leads to skin cancer,eye cataracts,immune defeciency.It also affect plants growth and reduce agricultural productivity.In survey of 2020 17 percentage of ozone is destroyed.

BIODIVERSITY LOSS:-

Biodiversity loss includes the extinction of species worldwide, as well as the local reduction of species in a certain habitat, resulting in a loss of biological biodiversity loss is caused by habitat loss, invasive species,ove exploitation, climate change and global warming.some example for biodiversity loss is extinction of plants and animals.Redicing rate of amphibians are some examples.

ACID RAIN:-

Acid rain, or acid deposition, is a broad term that includes any form of precipitation with acidic components, such as sulfuric or nitric acid that fall to the ground from the atmosphere in wet or dry forms.Acid rain is caused due to the chemical reaction with sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides introduced in air.It pollutes air and soil.It have impact on soil, freshwater cause killing aquatic life forms.It cause corrosion of steel structures.

HUMAN OVERPOPULATION:-

Human overpopulation means that human population becoming very large.It is mainly in developing countries like India,china . Human overpopulation is because of birth rate is higher than that of death rate.Human overpopulation leads toenvironmental issues, silently aggravating the forces behind global warming, environmental pollution, habitat loss, the sixth mass extinction, intensive farming practices and the consumption of finite natural resources.

GLOBAL WARMING:-

The excess heat in the atmosphere which causes the rise in temperature is called global warming.Global warming is mainly caused by climate change, industries and the green house gases.It is serious threat to life on earth in the forms of widespread flooding and extreme weather.Reduce water supply, Decrease agricultural yields , rise in temperature and drought.It is harmful to all living organisms in the earth.

“Earth is like a pressure cooker it controls itself only to limit If it exceeds everything is destroyed”.

The Scrupulously Portrayed Erudition of Online Gambling

Prologue=

Gambling is the act of betting money on various platforms with the intention of earning more than the bet. This act is basically judging the chances of winning of a particular team or happening of an event so as to bet on that probability and make money out of it. A lot of people bet for the easy money that gambling brings in for them, while other might do it just for fun, and still others are just addicted to it after a certain period. Online gambling is the on the web, technological and virtual gambling that is fast gaining fans in the contemporary world.

Annals=

The way people betted was not always online, it was face to face in the old times where people betted with real cash to a bookie. With the improvement in the know-how of the internet, the upgrading of the gambling to the virtual space was an obvious result. It is agreed that it was in 1990s that civilians became aware of the detail that internet could be used for betting and not too late in 1996-1997 many online spaces and portals with the intention of promoting virtual betting came in existence, and since then, the fan following of this has been on a rise.

Legality=

Online gambling is a subject under the governance of the state law in India. It is not therefore illegal but there is no such act or provision relating only to it. Therefore, it is many-a-times dealt with Information Technology Act, of 2000. Various states have their own laws regarding gambling-

  • Nagaland- The Nagaland Prohibition of Gambling, Prohibition and Regulation of Online Games of Skills Act, 2015
  • Sikkim- Sikkim Online Gambling Regulation Act, 2008
  • Kerala- Kerala Gaming Act, 1960
  • West Bengal- West Bengal Gambling and Prize Distribution Act, 1957
  • Rajasthan- Rajasthan Public Gambling Ordinance, 1949

Winding Up=

In the day and age where it is becoming difficult to earn a living with rising unemployment and continuous price rise, gambling can prove to be a major source of income. Although there are reservations among some sections of the society regarding the act of betting but with expertise and experience in any field it is not knotty to earn a living through online gambling. The illegality leads to hideous betting thereby depriving government of its taxes. Legality is thus, a necessity.

My recent visit at Kaziranga National Orchid and Biodiversity Park in Assam

On 15 December 2021, I had the opportunity to visit Kaziranga National Orchid and Biodiversity Park which is located in Golaghat district, Assam. Kaziranga is world famous for one horned rhino. It is known to all that tourists from different parts of the world visit the Kaziranga National Park to watch one horned rhino as well as many other animals’ and birds. Also pristine beauty can be seen in the place. Kaziranga is 230 Kilometres away from Guwahati and takes around 5 hours to reach by car. The surface road is very good. In Kaziranga there is an Orchid Park which is also an important place to visit as many things can be learned from the Orchid Park. In this article, a few points about the Orchid Park are highlighted so that readers can get an idea in this regard. Also those who are interested can take up research study. As already mentioned, the author visited the Orchid Park on 15 December 2021 and Mrs Sumitra Rabha local facilitator has explained each and every plant in general and special orchids in particular lucidly. It is pertinent to mention that Orchids in the world can be divided into two groups – monopodial or sympodial based on their habit of growth. Monopodial orchids such as Phalaenopsis, Renanthera and Vanda have a main stem which grows year after year as Cattleya, Cymbidium have a main Stem which terminates growth at the end of each season. A new shoot then grows from the base forming its own bulbous stem called pseudo-bulb which eventually flowers. The pseudo-bulb or thickened stem are very useful devices for the storage of food and water and function like bulbs. In addition to the epiphytic orchids, there are also ground orchids or terrestrial orchids which grow like ordinary plants with their roots in soil. Most of the temperate zone orchids are terrestrial and tropical orchids are epiphytes (orchidsasia.com/orcintro.htm). Orchids constitute 9 percent of our flora and are the largest botanical family of higher plants in India. It is estimated that about 1,300 species (140 genera) of orchids are found in India with Himalayas as their main home and others distributed in Eastern and Western Ghats. The following is the distribution of orchids’ species in different regions of India.
a) In North-Western Himalayas 200 species are found
b) In North-Eastern India 800 species are observed
c) In Western Ghats 300 species exist.
It is pertinent to mention here that in North-east India due to different climatic conditions the largest group of sub-tropical orchids are found. Some orchids endemic to Indian species are so ornamental and in demand that they have been over exploited. Some species in general like Arundina, Cymbidium, Coelogyne, Dendrobium, Paphiopedilum, Renanthera, and Vanda are almost extinct. The provisional list of 150 endangered plants of India includes many orchids like Acanthephippium sylhetense, Anoectochilussikkimensis, Aphyllorchis montana, Arachnanthe clarkei, Arundina graminifolio,Cymbidium macrorhizon, Dendrobium densiforum, Didiciea cunninghamii, Eriacrassicaulis, Galeola lindleyana, etc., (orchidsasia.com/orcintro.htm).
The Orchid Park in Kaziranga is spread over to an area of six acres located at Durgapur village in Golaghat district and is considered as the largest Orchid Park in the Northeast. In the Orchid Park, there are more than 500 varieties of wild orchids, 132 species of sour fruits and leafy vegetables, 46species of bamboo, 12 species of cane and many other plants. Some of the names of flowers/orchids which attracted me to mention here are in Assamese called ‘Baghar Dari’(Tiger beard) botanical name is Black Bat flower/Devil flower (this is simply flower not Orchid) and Dancing flower and some of the Orchids are Kopu phool (Assamese), botanical name is Rhynchostylis retusa (also called Foxtail Orchid). Kopu Phool/ Kopu flower (Foxtail Orchid) is the state flower of Assam. In addition, other varieties of Kopu Phools which can be seen in the Park are Aerides odorata (Assamese name -Bhato thuthiya kopu), Cymbium aloifolium (in Assamese Mota kopu) and Dendrobium aphyllum (Assamese name Halikithutia kopu). And some other botanical names of Orchids as observed in the Orchid Park are Coelogyne fimbriata, Phalaenopsis mannii, Phalaenopsis labbii, Phalaenopsis malipoensis, Eriabi flora etc.
So, I request the readers please visit Kaziranga National Park for watching the rhinos and other animals and birds, also visit Orchid Park.
I thank Thomas Cook Ltd which is an Indian travel agency, headquartered in Mumbai, for arranging the tour meticulously.