A digital footprint is a trail of data you create while using the Internet. It includes the websites you visit, emails you send, and information you submit to online services.

A passive digital footprint is a data trail you unintentionally leave online. Websites that install cookies on your devices, apps and websites that use your geolocation, and social media that uses your likes, shares and comments to profile you are examples of a passive digital footprint.

Most people create a digital footprint when they use online services.

They may actively publish their own information by sharing – for example publishing personal information or images about a holiday, interest or event. And they may passively – often unintentionally – contribute metadata to the services they make use of. This could include their device IP address, browsing behaviour and ‘loyalty’ to any service that tracks individual or anonymised user information.

The most common forms of risk reported to Netsafe related to individual digital footprints are:

• Publishing or sharing information that results in harm to reputation, such as loss of employment.
• Publishing personal information that leads to online bullying or harassment.

TIPS FOR PROTECTING YOUR DIGITAL FOOTPRINT

There are a few tips you can take to protect your digital footprint:

• Value your personal information
• Be cautious about what you publish and where you share
• Think about your online privacy and review platform settings.
• Manage your reputation – evaluate what the impact could be when publishing a photo, status update, comment or review before you post it.
• Stop and think about the effect it could have on you and those around you longer term.

Grand Theft Auto V is a 2013 action-adventure game developed by Rockstar North and published by Rockstar Games. It is the first main entry in the Grand Theft Auto series since 2008’s Grand Theft Auto IV. Set within the fictional state of San Andreas, based on Southern California, the single-player story follows three protagonists—retired bank robber Michael De Santa, street gangster Franklin Clinton, and drug dealer and arms smuggler Trevor Philips—and their attempts to commit heists while under pressure from a corrupt government agency and powerful criminals. The open world design lets players freely roam San Andreas’ open countryside and the fictional city of Los Santos, based on Los Angeles.

The game is played from either a third-person or first-person perspective, and its world is navigated on foot and by vehicle. Players control the three lead protagonists throughout single-player and switch among them, both during and outside missions. The story is centred on the heist sequences, and many missions involve shooting and driving gameplay. A “wanted” system governs the aggression of law enforcement response to players who commit crimes. Grand Theft Auto Online, the game’s online multiplayer mode, lets up to 30 players engage in a variety of different cooperative and competitive game modes.

The game’s development began soon after Grand Theft Auto IV‘s release and was shared between many of Rockstar’s studios worldwide. The development team drew influence from many of their previous projects such as Red Dead Redemption and Max Payne 3 and designed the game around three lead protagonists to innovate on the core structure of its predecessors. Much of the development work constituted the open world’s creation, and several team members conducted field research around California to capture footage for the design team. The game’s soundtrack features an original score composed by a team of producers who collaborated over several years. It was released in September 2013 for the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360, in November 2014 for the PlayStation 4 and Xbox One, and April 2015 for Microsoft Windows. PlayStation 5 and Xbox Series X/S versions are scheduled for release in November 2021.

Extensively marketed and widely anticipated, the game broke industry sales records and became the fastest-selling entertainment product in history, earning $800 million in its first day and $1 billion in its first three days. It received widespread critical acclaim, with praise directed at its multiple protagonist design, open world, presentation and gameplay. However, it caused controversies related to its depiction of violence and women. Considered one of seventh and eighth generation console gaming’s most significant titles and among the best video games ever made, it won year-end accolades including Game of the Year awards from several gaming publications. It is the second best-selling video game of all time with over 145 million copies shipped, and as of April 2018, the most financially successful entertainment product of all time, with about $6 billion in worldwide revenue.

PLOT OF THE GAME

In 2004, Michael Townley, Trevor Philips, and Brad Snider partake in a failed robbery in Ludendorff, North Yankton. All three are presumed dead. Nine years later, Michael lives with his family in the city of Los Santos under the alias Michael De Santa, having made a secret agreement with the Federal Investigation Bureau (FIB) agent Dave Norton to stay hidden. Across town, gang member Franklin Clinton is working for a corrupt car salesman. Franklin meets Michael while attempting to fraudulently repossess his son’s car. The two later become friends. When Michael finds his wife sleeping with her tennis coach, he and Franklin chase the coach to a mansion, which Michael destroys in anger. The owner of the mansion, drug lord Martin Madrazo, demands compensation. Michael returns to a life of crime to obtain the money, enlisting Franklin as an accomplice. With the help of Michael’s old friend Lester Crest, a disabled hacker, they rob a jewellery store to pay off the debt. Meanwhile, Trevor, who lives in squalor on the outskirts of Los Santos, hears of the heist and realises it was Michael’s work; Trevor had believed Michael was killed in the Ludendorff heist. Trevor tracks Michael down and reunites with him, forcing Michael to reluctantly accept him back into his life.

As time goes on, the lives of the protagonists spiral out of control. Michael’s criminal behaviour prompts his family to leave him. He becomes a movie producer, and comes into conflict with Devin Weston, a billionaire venture capitalist and corporate raider, who attempts to shut down Michael’s studio. Michael thwarts his efforts and inadvertently kills his assistant, causing Devin to vow revenge. Franklin must rescue his friend Lamar Davis from rival gangster Harold “Stretch” Joseph, who attempts to kill them to prove himself to his new gang. Trevor consolidates his control over various black markets in Blaine County, waging war against The Lost outlaw motorcycle club, Latin American street gangs, rival meth dealers, private security firm Merryweather Security, and triad kingpin Wei Cheng.

Having broken his agreement with Dave by committing heists again, Michael is coerced by Dave and his superior, Steve Haines, to perform a series of operations alongside Franklin and Trevor to undermine the International Affairs Agency (IAA). Under Steve’s direction and with Lester’s help, they attack a convoy carrying funds for the IAA and steal an experimental chemical weapon from an IAA lab. As Steve comes under scrutiny, he forces Michael and Franklin to erase evidence against him from the FIB servers. Michael takes the opportunity to wipe the data on his activities, destroying Steve’s leverage over him.

Michael reconciles with his family. Michael, Trevor, Franklin, and Lester start planning a greater heist: raiding the Union Depository’s gold bullion reserve. However, Trevor discovers that Brad was not imprisoned, but killed during the Ludendorff heist and buried in the grave marked for Michael. Trevor feels betrayed, causing friction within the group and threatening to undermine their plans. Meanwhile, Steve betrays Michael and Dave, and they become caught in a Mexican standoff between the FIB, IAA, and Merryweather. Trevor aids Michael and Dave, feeling only he has the right to kill Michael, and agrees to perform the Union Depository heist and part ways afterward.

The heist is successful, but Franklin is afterwards approached by Steve and Dave, who contend that Trevor is a liability, and Devin, who seeks revenge on Michael. Franklin has three choices: kill Trevor, kill Michael, or attempt to save both in a suicide mission. Should Franklin choose to kill either Michael or Trevor, he ceases contact with the man he spares and returns to his old life. Otherwise, Michael and Trevor reconcile and the trio withstands an onslaught from the FIB and Merryweather before going on to kill Cheng, Stretch, Steve, and Devin. The three protagonists cease working together but remain friends.

GTA ONLINE

Developed in tandem with the single-player mode, the online multiplayer mode Grand Theft Auto Online was conceived as a separate experience to be played in a continually evolving world. Up to 30 players freely roam across the game world and enter lobbies to complete jobs (story-driven competitive and cooperative modes). The Content Creator toolset lets players create their own parameters for custom jobs, like racetracks and deathmatch weapon spawn points. Players may band together in organised player teams called crews to complete jobs together. Rockstar Games Social Club extends crews formed in Max Payne 3‘s multiplayer mode to those of Grand Theft Auto Online. Players may create their own crews and join up to five total. Crews win multiplayer matches to earn experience points and climb online leaderboards.

Grand Theft Auto Online launched on 1 October 2013, two weeks after Grand Theft Auto V‘s release. Many players reported connection difficulties and game freezes during load screens. Rockstar released a technical patch on 5 October in an effort to resolve the issues, but problems persisted the second week following launch as some players reported their character progress as having disappeared. Another technical patch was released on 10 October combating the issues, and Rockstar offered a GTA$500,000 (in-game currency) stimulus to the accounts of all players connected to Online since launch as recompense. Because of the widespread technical issues present at launch, many reviewers bemoaned their Grand Theft Auto Online experience but generally recognised its open-ended exploration and dynamic content as strengths.

Post-release content is continually added to Grand Theft Auto Online through free title updates. Some updates add new game modes and features, and others feature themed gameplay content, such as the Independence Day Special update that added patriotic-themed content on 1 July 2014. The widely anticipated Online Heists update launched on 10 March 2015 and suffered some initial technical difficulties due to the increased user load. Shortly after the game’s PC release, some players reported being banned from Grand Theft Auto Online for using field of view and cosmetic mods in single-player. Rockstar stated in their official blog that nobody had been banned from Online for using single-player mods, but that recent updates to the PC version had the “unintentional effect” of making such mods unplayable. They stated that mods are unauthorised and may cause unforeseen technical problems and instabilities. A standalone version of Online will be available for free on PlayStation 5 for the first three months after release.

 People call me voracious reader. In sooth, I read books extensively. Very recently I have read Charles Dickens’ ‘David Copperfield’. 

David is a posthumous child. Just after his birth, his grandmother Pegotti left the house in rage because she expected a female child rather than a male one. David’s stepfather Mr. Murdstone is a hard-hearted fellow. He sends David to a Boarding School where David suffers inhumane torture in the hand of the Headmaster Creakle. By the by he meets Uriah Heep, a villain, who involves David into troubles and misleads him. By turn of fortune, David finds a job in a farm house and meets Agnes. She is an angel in David’s life. But David can not marry her as destiny prevents their union. Eventually David marries a doll wife Dora. She also can not last long in his life as Plague takes her away. By turn David meets Pegotti and gets her blessings. But she also departs him forever soon. Once again David has to go out in search of fortune and Agnes remains his good concell though they never come closer to each other by bond of wedding. 

In characterization and depiction of contemporary society, Dickens occupaies a distinct place in English literature. 

I have greatly enjoyed reading the novel. The episodes in the novel will remain ever vivid in my memory for many years to come. 

In this pandemic who is not familiar with the word online classes which really helped in balancing the education system properly. Corona Virus is a real outbreak and had devastated almost every field but the only ground which remains unshakable was our education system and the credit goes to our expertise technology which helped us in coping up. Online classes are course conducted with the help of teach management system through which students can gets all the details of their studies. With the arrival of such hazardous virus made us all familiar with Zoom Meetings, Microsoft, and Google Meet, etc. arrival of online classes have enhanced our creativity level as well as made us all very much used to with our gadgets. These classes are very much self-paced and provide a great flexibility to the students in the journey of learning the courses. But as we all know every coin has two sides same goes in the case of these online classes too. If it has numerous positive aspects it too has many negative points which could be very dangerous for the students.

The students become very exhausted due to excessive use of mobile phones and laptops. Taking classes from bedroom or drawing hall sounds very cool but reality is something different students become extremely fatigue and exhausted from watching the screens consecutively. On 2020 it was officially announced that students will continue their studies via online mode but who thought that attending lectures are so boring. People think that latest mode of online teaching is very fashionable but then again the knowledge a person acquire is almost null. Staring the screen for long and long hours in a day seems very lethargic plus watching prerecorded lectures didn’t enhanced the knowledge of the students rather than produce the feeling of exhaustion in the mind of the students and as a result degrees and marks are more but knowledge is very less in this contemporary world. These additional assignments have increased burden and stress among the students very much. Online mode of teaching needs a lot of self-discipline but with the course of time decorum of the classes as well as motivation among the students are gradually decreasing. Classroom gives an environment which helps in effective learning but due to lack of proper environment students are struggling to achieve their goals. Arrival of corona virus has already affected our physical system and these online burdens have added an addition weight and increased physical problems like eye strain, excessive headache, fatigue, lack of interest and so on. Thus, the students are less interested in studies and more in passing the time. Another problem is network issue during these classes. Everyone has faced this network issue while attending the online classes and due to this problem students are less concentrated in studying and more in settling the network issues. Summing up that these online classes have balanced the education system a lot but in addition it has failed to provide as much as knowledge offline classes provide.

South East Asia

The term “south East Asia” has only been used since the world war. It denotes the area that originally covered Malaya, Dutch East Indies, Burma, Siam, French Indo-China and the Philippines. With the exception of Siam(Thailand), which remained independent,the area was divided between the Dutch, the British and the French.

Malaya Peninsula

When European traders crossed the Indian Ocean at the close of the 15th century, they came for the spices of South-east Asia. When the Portuguese conquered the great international emporium of Malacca for the king of Portugal, the empires of Sri Vijaya and Majapahit had split into many small states. Albuquerque,the Portuguese soldier who conquered Goa and Malacca, and his successors were interested in the spice trade. Towards this end they built a chain of fortified trading stations linked by naval power. Initially they did not interfere with the native rulers. After the arrival of the Dutch and the English there was a challenge to the presence of Portuguese and the rivalry of these three European powers dominated the seventeenth century.
               The Dutch began their conquest of the Portuguese settlements by capturing Malacca in 1641. After establishing a base at Batavia(now Djakarta) in 1619, they interfered in succession disputes among the neighbouring Sultans.Gradually they extended their control over Java, expelling the British from Bantam in 1682. They had already driven them out of the Spice islands after the Massacre of Amboina(1623) and by the seizure of Macassar (1667), thereby forcing the English East India company to turn to the China trade. The Spanish established themselves, begining from their conquest of Manila, which expanded into a larger territory of Spanish East Indies.

Anglo – Dutch Rivalry

Penang Island had been brought to the attention of the East India company by Francis Light. In 1786, the settlement of George Town was founded at the north eastern tip of Penang Island; this marked the beginning of British expansion into the Malay Peninsula. In 1819, Stamford Raffles established Singapore as a key trading post for Britain in their rivalry with the Dutch. However, their rivalry cooled in 1824 when an Anglo – Dutch treaty demarcated their respective interests in Southeast Asia. By 1826 Singapore and Malacca had been linked with Penang to form the strait settlements.

Between 1874 and 1895 to there was a civil war between the remaining five Malay states. The British intervened and signed an agreement with each of the Sultans. British Residents were appointed to the courts of Sultan’s,who had to act in accordance with the advice given by the Residents. In 1896 four of the states were formed into the Federated Malay States. In 1900 there were the Straits settlements,the four Federated Malay States and Johore. The population was about a million, of whom,half were Malay and the merchants, planters and workers in the ports and big plantations were Chinese.Economically Malaya was prosperous

Indonesia

The Dutch had occupied and Sumatra (Indonesia) as early as 1640. But they conquered the other outer islands of East India only in the second half of the nineteenth century,excepting the British possession of North Borneo, Brunei and Sarawak. Initially the Dutch were not interested in politics. But from the beginning of the twentieth century they adopted measures for the social and economic advance of the people they governed. Most Indonesians were fishermen and smell peasents and worked on European sugar, tobacco ,tea, coffee plantations. Heavy investments in these plantations and other concerns, and the discovery of oil in 1900 made Indonesia a valuable colony for the Dutch.

Burma

The British conquered Burma after fighting three wars. Burma remained part of India from 1886 to 1937. Burma was administered by a Lieutenant Governor with the assistance of a nominated Legislative Council. Burma with its fertility of soil became a big exporter of rice and most of South India was depended on Burmese rice. During World war II when Burma fell to the Japanese, south India experienced acute scarcity of rice leading to a famine.

Indo – China

The French conquered Indo-China after strong resistance from the people. Starting in 1858, they brought the Indo- Chinese Union under their control by 1887. Indo-China consisted of Annam, Tongking ,Cambodia and Cochin-China. Laos was added six years later. Of them only Cochin-China was directly under French control, i.e., as a French colony. The remaining four were protectorates. Under this system,the local rulers remained, but they governed under the instructions of French Residents. Hanoi was the capital of the French government. Rice, rubber and wheat were the main exports. Laos reamained undeveloped.

The Philippines

Spain ruled the Philippines for over 300 years, imposing its language, culture and religion.Consequently the population became predominantly Roman Catholic. Nationalism developed among the Filipinos during the latter part of the nineteenth century. There were the serious revolts in 1872 and 1896, which were crushed by the Spanish colonial government. In 1898, however,spain was defeated by the United States in a war over Cuba, and as a result Phillipines became an American colony.

Siam (Thailand)

Thailand was spread the experience of foreign rule, though it too was greatly affected by the power politics of the Western powers. The administrative reforms of the late 19th century, continuing up till around 1910, imposed a Westernised form of government on the country’s partially independent cities called ‘Mueang’. Western powers, however, continued to interfere in its internal and external affairs.