Acid Attacks in India is a gruesome act which almost finishes the lives of survivors. But the IPC in the year 2013 got amended. And now we have strict laws against acid attackers.
An acid attack is a very dangerous incident. This does not only happens in India but also happens in foreign countries. According to a survey most of the acid attacks have been reported in UK and Bangladesh. An Acid attack causes a serious threat to the body parts resulting in the deformation of the face, limbs & legs and it’s been observed that most acid attacks are targeted at the face of victims. Acid attack is a heinous crime. It makes the life of the survivor miserable. There are many motives for acid attacks. In India, the cause of such gravity offence happens due to love issues, rejections, sexual abuse, dowry, extra-marital reason, cruelty, ego and the list of reasons go on. This form of crime happens as a form of Revenge against women. Acid Attack is a gruesome act which is horrible in nature and has lethal consequences on the lives of victims. This kind of incident makes the life of the acid attack survivors tough and way more miserable. The victims go through a lot of pain mentally and physically. Often it’s seen, the victims don’t get social acceptance post the crime. This leads to psychological disorders in them. It creates a negative impact on the lives of women. The after-effect of an acid attack depends upon the concentration of acid thrown. Body part gets decomposed like the skull, lip, skin, face, lose of eyesight, cause of deafness, hairs & teeth are destroyed and the skin also shrinks. Sometimes the victims don’t even survive. It especially happens to women who are the victims. They often isolate themselves after such incidents. The crime against them creates post-traumatic effects. There has been an increasing rate of acid attack incidents all over the world. The Government is opening rehabilitation centres to such victims to overcome the horrible assault against them. Many NGOs have stepped forward against this social issue by creating awareness among people. In my point of view, there should be strict regulations regarding the sale and purchase of acids in shops. The acids which are used in acid attacks are very easily available and also its cheap. The easy access to such acids should be strictly regulated. Acid attack is seen as a very common issue in India. But deforming someone’s face or neck or the entire body is an attempt to kill. The lawmakers should make special laws for acid attack cases and the victims or else they should amend the IPC. In IPC section Section 326 deals with the acid attackers. But its scope is really narrow and it is not comprehensive in nature. Section 326 of the IPC does not exactly chalks out the facts but it’s also very shady. The punishment to the criminals is also not defined in this section neither the penalties and fines. But depending upon the seriousness of the offence I feel the acid laws in India should be treated seriously. Till now there was no specific law relating to acid attacks in India. But After the famous landmark case of LAXMI VS. UNION OF INDIA 2013, the acid laws are strictly taken into consideration and IPC got amended. Under Section 326A and 326B of IPC it was held that acid attack is a crime in India! The Code of Criminal Procedure Under Sec 357A and 357B got amended too!
Being an acid attacker victim is not easy! Starting a life from the beginning is not easy! Often it’s seen the victims do not get social recognition after such incidents. This is a big NO!! to such unhealthy hospitality. We should support and love the survivors for their courage!
Developing and Managing a business is called Entrepreneurship. The goal of the business is to gain profit. The entrepreneur should be innovative enough to make his/her business become a success. He/She should be having qualities of a good leader to execute the team work efficiently. This journey also comes with many risks.
Entrepreneurship includes start-ups and small business. Entrepreneurship creates jobs and helps in developing economy. Entrepreneurship does not have a specific path to follow. The path differs to for every aspiring entrepreneur according to their goals and their present conditions.
India has seen many of such successful entrepreneurs from a very long period. Here are some of the entrepreneurs of the recent times who managed to swim through the ocean and grab the trophy of success:
RITESH AGARWAL (OYO ROOMS) : Ritesh Agarwal, founder of OYO Rooms was born in Odisha. He qualified the Thiel fellowship which was for entrepreneurs of age below 20. Ritesh founded OYO-On your own hotels and homes in 2013 and at the age of 22 he became a millionaire. The concept of OYO was inspired by Airbnb, a US based company. OYO headquarters is in Gurugram and the company has expanded to Malaysia and USA and 80 other countries.
SHRADHA SHARMA ( YOUR STORY) : Your story was started in 2008 by Shradha Sharma. She Used to work at CNBC TV18 as a journalist before she decided to take this venture of start-up. Your story publishes stories of success of different people through their blog. The blog is published in 12 Indian languages. Now the net worth of the company is estimated to be $678K. More than 40,000 success stories have been published in the blog and has more than 10 million readers per month.
BHAVISH AGARWAL ( OLA CABS) : Bhavish Agarwal was born in Punjab. He was a student of IIT Bombay and started his career by working in Microsoft. A Bad experience during one of his rented drive, gave him Idea of starting the car renting company. Ola cabs stared partnering with taxi drivers. They gave the comfort of booking the cars through mobile phones through the app to the customer. They also started partnering with auto drivers as well. Now the Net worth of the company is estimated to be $6.5 billion. Now Ola is renting e-bikes which aims bring revolution.
KUNAL SHAH ( CRED) : CRED was started in 2018 by Kunal shah, Who is also known for starting the company freecharge. CRED is a app mostly for mobiles which helps the members to manage their credit cards in one place. Kunal Shah is a founder of tech company without engineering background . The company got funding before its execution. And it has a huge market as now.
The opportunities for an entrepreneur in India is very high and still growing. India is considered as a good investment destination. A report from pricwwaterhouseCoppers says that 2219 multinational companies emerge from India till 2024. A favorable environment for the business persons is developing in India. Along with government programs, private funds are also increasing in India and hopes to see much more successful entrepreneurs in future.
English is a globally accepted language spoken world-wide thus, acquiring significance in learning. People speaking fluent and correct English are treated with more respect in our country. It is recognised as a standard in corporate world. This language is easy to learn but requires practice to reach a good level of understanding. It has become important to know English if a person wants to interact with officials or even common people since it reflects the standard of a person in these times. It can also be learnt to speak without knowing to write for those who joined in late for the purpose.
Some useful tips to improve English and speak it confidently are:-
Reading English Newspaper
This is a very useful tip and easy for those who have a habit of reading newspapers daily. You can learn more quickly this way. What all is needed to read your local language newspaper as usual and then read the English newspaper. Since the news is same in all languages’ newspapers of an area, you will read the same articles in both languages and earn an understanding of how the ideas, opinions, etc are presented in the English. Make it a daily habit and results will soon be out. You can choose magazines or journals instead, as per your preferences.
2. Watching English movies
They will help you understand the way of speech. The fluency will improve gradually when you will watch their movements carefully of how they react and respond in the English movies. Prefer watching those having subtitles so as to know what is actually being said. It is better not to assume things. There are many English shows also which are good to improve your English. They are preferred more since you get familiar with the characters and the story easily. Also, their speech is much clear and slow as compared to the movies.
3. Listening English Songs
There are many melodious as well as fun songs on the platform to enjoy and learn English without any hard work. Music is always known to destress the mind and refresh the mood. Songs are a source of pleasure and can help improve fluency in English as you keep listening them. Monitor their lyrics and you will get better understanding soon.
Books extend the knowledge to great levels and what can be a better way to improve your English while reading interesting stories and insightful texts. They are available online as well.
5. Talk with Friends/ Practice in front of mirror
Friends are always supportive. Start talking in English with your friends. It is the best way as they will not make fun of you if you make a mistake, instead they will guide you or correct you at times. You can practice speech in front of mirror. This way you will also be able to administer your body language while speaking which plays an important role during presentations or even during normal interactions. Speaking in front of mirror will also prepare you for public speech i.e., speaking in front of an audience. You will improve quick with daily practices.
6. Go for online apps and YouTube
Search for relevant apps and videos on the virtual platform to get a good insight into the language, along with following the above steps.
Goa is a state on India’s southwest coast that is part of the Konkan area, which is separated from the Deccan highlands by the Western Ghats.
Some places you must visit if you are visiting Goa are –
Calangute Beach
Calangute Beach, also known as the “Queen of Beaches” in Goa, caters to a wide range of tourists, from nature lovers to thrill seekers to party animals. This beach is the largest and most popular in North Goa, serving as a sanctuary for nature lovers in particular.
Roam at Tito’s Street
Tito’s Street is one of the greatest nightclubs in town. Tito’s Street, named for the street on which it is located, is a popular nightclub that draws large audiences due to its great location and excellent service. The place has two levels: the bottom level is a dance floor with distinct dancing areas for couples, while the top-level allows patrons to relax and observe the action below while eating and drinking.
Anjuna Beach
The southern and northern ends of Anjuna beach, which stretch along the golden shoreline, provide a variety of activities. While the southern end has a rocky outcropping, the northern end offers water activities such as bungee jumping, rough banana rides, and more. Goa’s “multidimensional entertainment hub” is Anjuna Beach. Anjuna beach offers magnificent views and a photo opportunity at sunrise and sunset. The unmatched vista is created by the mix of white sand and dazzling blue water.
Dudhsagar Waterfalls
The Dudhsagar Waterfalls, located on the Goa-Karnataka border, are a must-see attraction in India. On the Mandovi River, the four-tiered waterfall formation is one of the highest in India. From a height of almost 1017 feet, the white water flows down a practically vertical mountain wall.
Fort Aguada
Fort Aguada, another Portuguese legacy, has stood sternly on the beach facing the Arabian Sea since 1612 when it was built to offer protection against invading Dutch and Marathas. It was a magnificent ancient fort at the time, with the potential to house 79 cannons and other defensive weaponry. It was one of the Portuguese’s most cherished assets. Today, it serves as a popular Goa tourist attraction, separating Sinquerium Beach from Candolim Beach.
Grand Island
The heaven of Goan water sports is Grand Island. From diving to snorkeling to fishing, there is much to do here. Scuba diving is the most popular activity in Goa since it allows for so much underwater exploration. There are shipwrecks as well as some reefs can be discovered here. Divers love the “Suzy” wreck and the “Davy Jones Locker,” as well as Serge City, Bounty Rock, and Turbo Tunnel.
Sinquerim Beach
Sinquerim Beach is located north of Goa’s renowned beaches, such as Calangute, Baga, and Candolim, and has a beautiful beachfront. Sinquerim’s waters are ideal for a relaxing swim. The renowned Sunburn Festival, held each year in December, is one of Sinquerim Beach’s main attractions. The Aguada Fort, which is located right close to the beach, is another popular site.
Vagator Beach
Tourists and travel enthusiasts may have a once-in-a-lifetime experience at Vagator Beach in Goa. It is located on the far northern outskirts of Bardez Taluka, on the other side of the Chapora River, which originates in Morjim, Pernem. Anjuna, one of Goa’s oldest tourist attractions, is located to the south of Vagator Beach.
Sunburn Goa
Sunburn Goa is an annual electronic dance music event hosted in Goa that is described as Asia’s largest gathering of its type. The event lasts three days and is jam-packed with incredible performances by some of the world’s most well-known DJs.
Dona Paula Beach
The Dona Paula Beach, a tiny beach with a terrible past involving love and suicide, is the best location to visit in Goa. In terms of water sports and sightseeing, it has a lot to offer. Tourists go to the jetty close to the beach because of the beautiful view of the Arabian Sea it provides. The sad legend says that the spirit of Dona Paula rises from the water at night, wearing just a pearl necklace, looking for her love. On the beach, she is thought to have committed suicide.
Veteran actor Surekha Sikri passed away today at the age of 75 due to cardiac arrest.
Surekha first appeared on the silver screen in the 1978 film Kissa Kursi Ka. From there on, she went on to gain acclaim for her roles in films like Govind Nihalani’s Tamas, Shyam Benegal’s Mammo and Sardari Begum. In the 90s, she prominently featured in television shows like Banegi Apni Baat and Just Mohabbat.
It was her time at TV show Balika Vadhu that made her a household name amongst the masses. She played the role named Kalyani Devi who rules with an iron fist but gradually softens up towards the protagonist Anandi.
The 2018 film Badhaai Ho, for which she also won a National Award, had fans applauding her time on the screen. The Amit Sharma film had her playing the role of a women who comes from an orthodox background but is ready to embrace the new world.
She was last seen in the Netflix anthology Ghost Stories where she starred alongside Janhvi Kapoor in the Zoya Akhtar directorial. Sikri played a bed-ridden patient who is lost in her world.
Many Bollywood celebrities paid tribute to the late actor. Many TV actor including Sidharth Shukla, Sushant Singh, Avika Gor, remembered Surekha on social media. Her manager said that “Three-time national award winning actress, Surekha Sikri has passed away following a cardiac arrest earlier this morning at the age of 75. She had been suffering from complications arising from a second brain stroke. She was surrounded by family and her caregivers. The family asks for privacy at this time. Om Sai Ram.”
Mahasweta Devi is a Bengali writer and activist who is known for her strikingly social and poignant stories. She wrote several works ranging from novels and plays to essays and short stories. Her most notable works include Hajar Churashir Maa, Rudali, Aranyer Adhikar etc. She has received highest literary merits in India like Jnanpith Award and Padma Vibhushan. As an activist, she has also worked towards the empowerment and rights of tribal people from West Bengal, Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, and Chhattisgarh.
Rudali is a thought-provoking short story that deals with the underlying class and caste issues prevalent in India. Originally written in Bengali, it follows a raw narrative that depicts the struggles of the subaltern in a vastly power-imbalanced society. Rudali follows the story of Sanichari who labours hard all her life to make ends meet. The story begins by establishing her caste and how despite being the majority, the Ganjus and Dushads live in desperate poverty. They work as cheap labourers for the ‘Malik Mahajan’ who are the wealthy landlords and money lenders of the village. After losing her in-laws and her husband, she works hard to sustain for her son. But after his marriage, he slowly deteriorates due to tuberculosis and eventually after his death, his wife leaves, leaving Sanichari to look after their new born son. Later after he runs away from home, Sanichari finds an unlikely partnership with Bhikni, an old friend.
The two women forge a strong companionship and together they play a cunning game of getting back at their exploiters. ‘Rudali’ refers to a particular Rajasthani culture wherein women of lower castes are hired as professional mourners by the upper-class to mourn the deaths of their family members. The two women build a business together, harnessing this profession to get jobs to local lower-caste women who have been exploited and ostracised and exploited by the society. In no time, the upper-class people try to one up each other even in funerals and even go as far as purposefully killing themselves or the elders to hold grand funerals.
Entitled by the power of money, Devi reinforces the fact that people in power compromise morality to maintain their position through the shenanigans of the upper-class folks who are known as the ‘Malik Mahajan’. Historically, they were Rajput soldiers who pillaged and killed innocent tribes and conquered these lands. And then, Dulan says that “From century to century, their holdings and power increased. Even now, they take possession of land…” (Devi 73) They built up their power over the tribes and the lower caste through violence and debt traps. They spend lavishly on funerals to ‘uphold honour’ and ‘raise prestige’ by extracting money from the poor. Their greed for more lessens their humanity even with respect to their own kind. In this society, the rich are constantly rich while the poor are perpetually poor.
Where the privileged are divided amongst themselves due to greed for more, the powerless, though diverse, are united in their struggles against the elite. In Rudali, the lower caste and the shunned women look out for one another due to their shared resistance against the Malik Mahajan. Mahasweta Devi narrates this story of oppression without overtly emotionalising it and yet, it affects the readers in such a way that it provokes these emotions within us. To bring out maximum impact, she portrays reality as it is in all of its rawness which makes us question the power play prevalent in the society.
Anxiety is a mental disorder characterized by feelings of worry, strong enough to interfere with one’s daily activities.
It is normal to be anxious for something new, but if it sees you have it every day interfering in your daily lifestyle, then there is a warning bell of you having anxiety disorders.
Types of anxiety disorders:
Panic disorder: Experiencing panic attacks at an unexpected time.
Phobia: Excessive fear for specific things.
Social anxiety disorder: Fear of being judging by others in a social situation.
Separation anxiety disorder : Fear of been away from loved ones.
Illness anxiety disorder: The anxiety of their health.
Post-traumatic stress disorder: Having anxiety after a traumatic situation.
Obsessive-compulsive disorder: Having irrational thoughts that lead to repeat a behavior or actions.
Symptoms of anxiety :
Increased heart rate
Difficulty falling asleep
Rapid breathing
Restlessness
Trouble concentrating
An anxiety attack:
It’s a feeling of overwhelming apprehension, worry, distress, or fear.
Symptoms of an Anxiety attack:
Feeling dizzy or faint
Shortness of breath
Fear
Numbness or tingling
Sweating
Distress
Causesof Anxiety :
The reason for anxiety is not specific, but it may be genetic and environmental factors or brain chemistry.
Treatment for anxiety:
Self Treatment : It contains stress management, exercise, relaxation techniques, etc.
Counselling : It mostly refers to psychotherapy or a combination of therapies.
Medications : Intake of medicines is preferred after doctor advice.
The entire universe is conspiring to give you everything you want!
Abraham Hicks
The new fast-moving world indeed changes with every passing second, but along with its fast pace, the craze to access and achieve everything within a blink of an eye has found its place in the new modern world. With the growing network of TikTok’s and YouTube videos, the idea of manifesting your goals has taken over the lives of people around the globe. ‘Manifesting’ out of its traditional Cambridge dictionary explanation of to show something clearly, through signs or actions has now gained this broad meaning of practising inspirational thoughts to make them real. As the pandemic trapped us in a literal digital bubble, confined to our homes, “achieving things’” had a newfound meaning: to achieve is to manifest. During the year 2020, the google search logs showed a record surge in keyword Manifest. Google searches for the same were more than 669 per cent that year. Manifesting was the new addition to the bandwagon of crystals, essential oils and meditation. While compared to its contemporaries, manifestation routines have gained widespread popularity due to the zero-cost investment and quick, miraculous effects.
Manifesting in simple terms is making something you want to happen by simply believing it will happen. What forms the base of manifestations is the law of attraction, which states that we attract what we focus on. There are several manifestation methods that you can find online, the vision board method, gratitude journal, two cup method etc. But the basic idea that it depends largely upon is the positive mindset a person has towards achieving a goal and a feeling of gratitude for all that he has already. One of the treading manifestation methods that were made famous by tiktokers was the 3,6,9 Method.
The 369 manifestation method is said to be inspired by Nikolas Tesla’s numerology obsession. He believed that the numbers 3, 6 and 9 had a unique connection to the universe. Numerology experts believe the numbers three, six and nine stands for positive energy nurturing and fulfilment. It is a method of manifesting your goals by writing them down in a journal or a paper three times in the morning, six times in the evening and nine times before you sleep. To manifest a goal using this method, you’ll have to pen down your intention throughout the day. You start by writing your affirmation (the vision you want to manifest) three times in the morning in your journal/paper. During this time, visualise what you would feel, what would you do once you achieve what you are manifesting. In the afternoon, write your affirmation six times and express gratitude for whatever you already have. At night, before you wind up for the day, write your affirmation nine times and visualise the whole scenario and imagine what you might feel when you achieve your goal.
This technique helps you visualise your goal and bring about a positive change in how you look at your desires. The major takeaways from manifestation techniques are the importance of expressing gratitude and a positive outlook. So trust the process and believe in it until it manifests for you, for you become what you attract!
We take interviews to get the story behind a participant’s experiences. Before we decide to take up an interview, we must articulate to ourselves what problems or needs we should be addressing using the information to be gathered by the interviews. The interviewer can pursue in-depth information about a topic. The interview may be beneficial as a follow-up to respondents to questionnaires. e.g., to further investigate their responses. Usually, we ask open-ended questions during interviews which helps us keep a clear focus on the intent of each question.
The Role of the Interviewer
The interviewer is the “jack-of-all-trades” in survey research. The interviewer’s role is complex and multifaceted. It includes the following tasks:
Locate and enlist the cooperation of respondents – the interviewer has to look for the respondent. There are times when the interviewer has to work at the least desirable time because that is when the respondents are available immediately.
Motivate respondents to do a good job – The interviewer should be motivated and transfer the same energy to the respondent. If the interviewer does not take the work seriously, why would the respondent? The interviewer has to convey the importance of the research.
Clarify any confusion/concerns – The interviewer must be patient with the interviewees when they have to clear a doubt. Interviewers have to be able to think on their feet. The respondents may raise objections or concerns that are not anticipated. The interviewer has to be able to respond candidly and informatively.
Observe the quality of responses – Only the interviewer can judge the quality of the information whether the interview is personal or over the phone. Even a verbatim transcript will not adequately convey how seriously the respondent took the assigned task, gestures, or other information.
Conduct a good interview – Last, and certainly not least, the interviewer has to conduct good decorum! Every interview has a life of its own. Some respondents are motivated and attentive whereas others are distracted or disinterested. The interviewer also has good or bad days. Assuring a consistently high-quality interview is a challenge that requires constant effort.
Preparation for Interview
Choose a setting with little distraction – The interviewee is an asset for us. We have to make sure that they are comfortable. Avoid loud lights or noises, etc. Often, they may feel more comfortable at their places of work or homes.
Explain the purpose of the interview – The interviewee should be familiar with the purpose of the interview.
Address terms of confidentiality – Explain the terms of confidentiality to the interviewee beforehand. You have to be careful while doing this. You can rarely promise anything as the information might be accessible by certain officials or higher authorities. Explain who will get access to their answers and how they are analyzed. If you’re using their comments as quotes, get their permission beforehand.
Explain the format of the interview – Be clear with the type of interview you will be conducting and explain its nature to the interviewee. If you want them to ask questions, specify if they’re to do so as they have them or wait until the end of the interview.
Indicate how long the interview usually takes – People do not want to waste their time. Give the interviewee an approx time that the interview might take.
Ask them if they have any questions – Before you start the interview and after you end the interview, make sure that the interviewee has no questions or confusion.
Don’t count on your memory to recall their answers – Ask their permission to record the interview or carry a notepad for pointers.
Types of Interviews
Informal, conversational interview – There is no predetermined set of questions. We should remain as open and adaptable as possible to the interviewee’s nature and priorities. The interviewer should go with the flow.
General interview guide approach – This approach intends to ensure that the interviewer collects the same information from each interviewee. This approach is more focused than the conversational approach but still allows freedom and adaptability in getting information from the interviewee.
Standardized, open-ended interview – In this approach, the interviewee is free to answer the question in whatever way they want. (they don’t have to select yes or no or any numeric rating) This approach facilitates faster interviews that can be more easily analyzed and compared.
Closed, fixed-response interview – This approach tends to fix a set of questions that the interviewer asks all the interviewees. They have to choose answers from among the same set of alternatives.
Types of Topics in Questions
Patton notes six kinds of questions. One can ask questions about:
Behaviors – Ask about what they are doing currently or what experience do they have from the past.
Opinions/values – A person’s opinion describes them. Ask what they think about a topic.
Feelings – Look for the feelings of the interviewee. Make sure that the interviewee is giving their personal opinion and experience.
Knowledge – Try to get facts about the relevant topic.
Sensory – Ask about their sensation towards the topic. About what people have seen, touched, heard, tasted, or smelled.
Background/demographics – Ask basic questions to know about the interviewee. (age, height, occupation)
Sequence of Questions
Involve the interviewee in the interview as soon as possible – Make the respondent comfortable quickly and cooperate during the interview.
Before asking about controversial matters (such as feelings and conclusions), first, ask about some facts – With this approach, respondents can more easily engage in the interview before warming up to more personal matters.
Intersperse fact-based questions throughout the interview– To avoid long lists of fact-based questions, which tends to leave respondents disengaged.
Ask questions about the present before questions about the past or future – Respondents are comfortable answering about their present than answering about their future. In the beginning, ask about their present and then get into asking about their future.
The last questions might allow respondents to provide any other information they prefer to add and their impressions of the interview – Give the respondent the liberty to add any extra information they want to.
Wording of Questions
The wording should be open-ended – Respondents should be able to choose their terms when answering questions.
Questions should be as neutral as possible – Avoid wording that might influence answers, e.g., evocative, judgmental.
One question at a time – The interviewer should not confuse the interviewee by asking too many questions at once.
Questions must be transparent – This includes knowing any terms particular to the program or the respondents’ culture. There must not be any two-faced questions in the set.
Be careful asking “why” questions – This type of question infers a cause-effect relationship that may not truly exist. These questions may also cause respondents to feel defensive, e.g., that they have to justify their response, which may inhibit their response to this and future question.
Conducting Interview
Occasionally verify the tape recorder (if used) is working – If you’re using a recorder make sure you check it beforehand because you can’t afford to lose the interview.
Ask one question at a time – when you ask too many questions at once, it will confuse the interviewee that eventually will lead the interview to go wrong.
Attempt to remain as neutral as possible – Try not to show emotions to the interviewee’s answers. Pretend that you have heard it all before.
Encourage responses – Be attentive and give occasional nods of the head, “uh-huh”s, etc.
Be careful about the appearance when note-taking – That is, if you jump to take a note, it may appear as if you’re surprised or very pleased about an answer, which may influence the answer to the future question.
Don’t lose control of the interview – This can occur when respondents stray to another topic, take so long to answer a question that times begin to run out.
Immediately After Interview
Verify if the tape recorder, if used, worked throughout the interview.
Make any notes on your written notes – Clarify any scratchings, ensure to number the pages, fill out any pointers that don’t make sense, etc.
Write down any observations made during the interview – For example, where did the interview occur and when, was the respondent particularly nervous at any time? Were there any surprises during the interview? Did the tape recorder break?
According to UP’s proposed policy, those who do not adhere to the two-child norm will be left out of government welfare schemes (Reuters Photo) Get notifications on latest India News
NEW DELHI: Uttar Pradesh, the most populous state in the country, has announced that it wants to control population to promote sustainable development with more equitable distribution. The BJP government in the state has floated a proposal that focuses on disincentivising couples from having more than two children and rewards those who have only one child.READ ALSO
Chief minister Yogi Adityanath unveiled the draft Bill of the UP Population Policy
2021-2030 on the World Population Day. The proposed legislation for population control has become a major political flashpoint in the state which is all set to go to polls next year.
Not just UP, several other states are also working to implement population control measures. However, some experts cite the decreasing total fertility rate to argue that India may not need such drastic measures to control population.
What are the main provisions of the UP population control policy?
The UP CM has said the sole aim of the draft policy is to align the state’s reproductive rate to its development goals.
It also aims at bringing down the gross fertility rate among women to 2.1 by 2026 and to 1.9 by 2030.
In the draft of the Uttar Pradesh Population (Control, Stabilization, and Welfare
) Bill-2021 issued by the State Law Commission, ‘Bacche Do He Acche’ has been highlighted.
The proposed policy announces several incentives for parents who follow the two-child policy or have only one child. Here’s a look at some of them:
Similarly, for those who do not adhere to this norm, there will be several disincentives according to the proposed draft bill.
Which other states have a two-child policy?
Two BJP-ruled states, Assam and Karnataka are moving towards implementing a two-child policy.
At least 12 states had at some point in time implemented the two-child policy for government employees. The states included Bihar, Himachal Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Haryana, Andhra Pradesh, Odisha, Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, Maharashtra and Uttarakhand.
However, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Haryana, and Himachal Pradesh later revoked the policy.
The opposition in Uttar Pradesh has hit out at the Yogi government over the proposed population policy, terming it as “election propaganda” to divert people’s attention from failures on various fronts ahead of assembly elections next year.
Samajwadi Party (SP) MP from Sambhal, Shaqfiqur Rahman Barq said the state government should ban marriages if it wants to stabilise the rising population.
“A lot of births are taking place in China and you (India) are stopping people from having children. A time will come when we will be very few. If there is a war, then from where will you bring people to fight,” Barq said.
working president Alok Kumar sent a missive to the state law commission saying UP should avoid giving incentives to parents with a single child as this can affect the state’s demography. He cited the cases of Assam and Kerala, where Muslim population growth has surpassed that of Hindus.
Bihar chief minister Nitish Kumar, whose JD(U) is an ally of the BJP, opposed population control policy and said that merely framing a law would not serve any purpose as far as the issue of population control is concerned. He stressed the need for proper education and awareness among women to achieve the objective.
Why we may not need a population control law
Is there a merit in opposition claims against population control laws? While increasing population has been a bane for the country, data shows that the trend of population rise is reversing in many states including Uttar Pradesh. Two indicators, TFR, replacement TFR
show that population in several states is already on the decline. At least 18 states have already attained below replacement total fertility rate (TFR).
While the fertility rate indicates the average number of children that each woman will give birth to during her reproductive years, replacement level fertility is the level of fertility at which a population exactly replaces itself from one generation to the next.
It is assumed that for a country’s population to remain stable, the total fertility rate should be 2.1.
In 1950-55, India’s total fertility rate was 5.9. The rate has declined steadily since 1975 to touch 2.2. Experts believe that the fertility rate in India is projected to fall to 1.93 by 2025. https://toi-infographics.indiatimes.com/graphs/zn1Sc/3/#amp=1
As per the Fifth National Family Health Survey (NFHS) the total fertility rate has decreased across the majority of the states.
According to the data, only three states — Manipur (2.2), Meghalaya (2.9) and Bihar (3.0) — have TFR above replacement levels. Uttar Pradesh fertility rate
However, this decrease is not uniformly spread, the rural areas have marginally high TFR.
As per NFHS-4 data of 2015-16, the total fertility rate for urban areas in Uttar Pradesh was 2.1 while for rural areas it was 3.0. UP’s TFR was 3.8 in 2005-06 (NFHS-3). In 1998-99, UP’s total fertility rate was 4.01.
Religion-wise, the fertility of Hindus was 2.7 in 2015-16 and that of Muslims was 3.1. Why the two-child policy law might be a problem
Given these statistics, some experts feel population control laws could lead to problems of imbalance in the future.
China had enforced a one-child norm in the 1980s. However, it was forced to abandon the policy because of the skyrocketing aged dependents, insufficient people of working age, and a huge excess of aged people needing costly medical care. China now urges couples to have more children.
The lowest proportion of births of the third or fourth child or beyond was among women who had completed 12 years of schooling. According to the census, Muslims have the lowest literacy level (37%).
Experts have said the two-child policy could have worrying impacts including sex-selective and unsafe abortions, worsening sex ratio and will fuel economic disparity.
In December last year, in response to a PIL seeking a population control law based on the China model, the government told the Supreme Court that India was on the verge of achieving a replacement level of fertility rate of 2.1 through various voluntary birth control measures.
It further said that international experience like the China model showed that any coercion to have a certain number of children was counterproductive and would lead to demographic distortion.
The Centre had listed a dozen schemes being implemented to achieve a replacement fertility rate of 2.1 by 2025.
Either way, UP’s draft policy on population control has opened up the debate on the two-child policy once again. If enacted, the provisions of the proposed legislation titled ‘The Uttar Pradesh Population (Control, Stabilization and Welfare) Bill, 2021’ will come into force after one year from the date of publication in the Gazette.
The draft bill is open for public suggestions till July 19.
The field of development economics is concerned with the causes of underdevelopment and with policies that may accelerate the rate of growth of per capita income. While these two concerns are related to each other, it is possible to devise policies that are likely to accelerate growth (through, for example, an analysis of the experiences of other developing countries) without fully understanding the causes of underdevelopment. Studies of both the causes of underdevelopment and of policies and actions that may accelerate development are undertaken for a variety of reasons. There are those who are concerned with the developing countries on humanitarian grounds; that is, with the problem of helping the people of these countries to attain certain minimum material standards of living in terms of such factors as food, clothing, shelter, and nutrition. For them, low per capita income is the measure of the problem of poverty in a material sense. The aim of economic development is to improve the material standards of living by raising the absolute level of per capita incomes. Raising per capita incomes is also a stated objective of policy of the governments of all developing countries. For policymakers and economists attempting to achieve their governments’ objectives, therefore, an understanding of economic development, especially in its policy dimensions, is important. Finally, there are those who are concerned with economic development either because they believe it is what people in developing countries want or because they believe that political stability can be assured only with satisfactory rates of economic growth. These motives are not mutually exclusive. Since World War II many industrial countries have extended foreign aid to developing countries for a combination of humanitarian and political reasons. Those who are concerned with political stability tend to see the low per capita incomes of the developing countries in relative terms; that is, in relation to the high per capita incomes of the developed countries. For them, even if a developing country is able to improve its material standards of living through a rise in the level of its per capita income, it may still be faced with the more intractable subjective problem of the discontent created by the widening gap in the relative levels between itself and the richer countries. (This effect arises simply from the operation of the arithmetic of growth on the large initial gap between the income levels of the developed and the underdeveloped countries. As an example, an underdeveloped country with a per capita income of $100 and a developed country with a per capita income of $1,000 may be considered. The initial gap in their incomes is $900. Let the incomes in both countries grow at 5 percent. After one year, the income of the underdeveloped country is $105, and the income of the developed country is $1,050. The gap has widened to $945. The income of the underdeveloped country would have to grow by 50 percent to maintain the same absolute gap of $900.) Although there was once in development economics a debate as to whether raising living standards or reducing the relative gap in living standards was the true desideratum of policy, experience during the 1960–80 period convinced most observers that developing countries could, with appropriate policies, achieve sufficiently high rates of growth both to raise their living standards fairly rapidly and to begin closing the gap. The impact of discontent Although concern over the question of a subjective sense of discontent among the underdeveloped and developing countries has waxed and waned, it has never wholly disappeared. The underdeveloped countries’ sense of dissatisfaction and grievance arises not only from measurable differences in national incomes but also from the less easily measurable factors, such as their reaction against the colonial past and their complex drives to raise their national prestige and achieve equality in the broadest sense with the developed countries. Thus, it is not uncommon to find their governments using a considerable proportion of their resources in prestige projects, ranging from steel mills, hydroelectric dams, universities, and defense expenditure to international athletics. These symbols of modernization may contribute a nationally shared satisfaction and pride but may or may not contribute to an increase in the measurable national income. Second, it is possible to argue that in many cases the internal gap in incomes within individual underdeveloped countries may be a more potent source of the subjective level of discontent than the international gap in income. Faster economic growth may help to reduce the internal economic disparities in a less painful way, but it must be remembered that faster economic growth also tends to introduce greater disruption and the need for making bigger readjustments in previous ways of life and may thus increase the subjective sense of frustration and discontent. Finally, it is difficult to establish that the subjective problem of discontent will bear a simple and direct relationship to the size of the international gap in incomes. Some of the apparently most discontented countries are to be found in Latin America, where the per capita incomes are generally higher than in Asia and Africa. A skeptic can turn the whole approach to a reductio ad absurdum by pointing out that even the developed countries with their high and rising levels of per capita income have not been able to solve the subjective problem of discontent and frustration among various sections of their population. Two conclusions may be drawn from the above points. First, the subjective problem of discontent in the underdeveloped countries is a genuine and important problem in international relations. But economic policy acting on measurable economic magnitudes can play only a small part in the solution of what essentially is a problem in international politics. Second, for the narrower purpose of economic policy there is no choice but to fall back on the interpretation of the low per capita incomes of the underdeveloped countries as an index of their poverty in a material sense. This can be defended by explicitly adopting the humanitarian value judgment that the underdeveloped countries ought to give priority to improving the material standards of living of the mass of their people. But, even if this value judgment is not accepted, the conventional measure of economic development in terms of a rise in per capita income still retains its usefulness. The governments of the underdeveloped countries may wish to pursue other, nonmaterial goals, but they could make clearer decisions if they knew the economic cost of their decisions. The most significant measure of this economic cost can be expressed in terms of the foregone opportunity to raise the level of per capita income. Shortage of savings: Given the broad relationship between capital accumulation and economic growth established in growth theory, it was plausible for growth theorists and development economists to argue that the developing countries were held back mainly by a shortage in the supply of capital. These countries were then saving only 5–7 percent of their total product, and it was manifest (and it remains true) that satisfactory growth cannot be supported by so low a level of investment. It was therefore thought that raising the savings ratio to 10–12 percent was the central problem for developing countries. Early development policy therefore focused on raising resources for investment. Steps toward this end were highly successful in most developing countries, and savings ratios rose to the 15–25 percent range. However, growth rates failed even to approximate the savings rates, and theorists were forced to search for other explanations of differences in growth rates.
The central problem of countries with low per capita output is that they have not as yet succeeded in making use of their potential economic opportunities. To do so, they must achieve an efficient allocation of the available resources and provide incentives for resource accumulation. But efficient allocation of resources is not merely a matter of the formal optimum conditions of economic theory. It requires the building up of an effective institutional and organizational framework to carry out the allocation of resources. In the private sector this requires the development of a well-articulated market system that embraces the markets for final products and the markets for factors of production. In the public sector the development of the organizational framework requires improvements in the administrative machinery of the government, especially in its fiscal machinery. In the setting of the developing countries, one is concerned not only with the once for all problem of efficient allocation of resources but also with improving the capacity of these countries to make a more effective use of their resources over a period of time. That is to say, one is concerned not only with the static problem of the efficient allocation of given resources with the given organizational framework but also with dynamic problems of improving the capability of this framework. From this point of view, there is no conflict, as some have maintained, between the static, or the short-run, considerations and the dynamic, or long-run, considerations. The two sets of requirements move in the same direction.
When you’re looking for a new job, think of yourself as the solution to your target employer’s problem. Every hiring manager’s primary goal is to look good, to progress in their own role. You will perform best in job selection processes if you can help them achieve that goal. They look good when they hire people who help their colleagues solve whatever problem they’re facing, whether increasing sales, improving operations or developing go-to-market strategy for a new product. Particularly if you’re transitioning from a different function or industry, you may not have solved these exact problems in the past. Even if you’re coming from the same function and industry, every company is different, so you’ll have to do some translation to help hiring managers understand how you can solve their companies’ problems. Read every job description you see as a problem that the employer is looking to solve. If they’ve written it thoughtfully, the responsibilities will reveal the problem at hand. However, job descriptions are often not written with great care or updates. Since the rate of change is faster now than ever before, the problems any employer is facing are definitely changing. Which is why networking is now such a critical part of any job search. Real-time conversations with employees from the company and team that you’re hoping to join will reveal a lot more about the problems they’re facing than any publicly available information.
Once you’ve understood the problems that the employer is looking to solve, you can make yourself the obvious candidate by positioning yourself as the ideal solution to those problems. Here are the specific steps to get there.
Understand the problem.
Do your homework online and offline in informal coffee chats to understand the company and the team you’d like to join. What’s changing most rapidly in their industry? What’s happening at the firm’s leadership levels? What does the C-suite write and talk about? Listen carefully, ask thoughtful questions and take notes so you’re sure to retain all the information you’re gathering.Frame yourself as the solution.
If you’re listening carefully, you’ll learn their language in these conversations. Do they refer to managers as ‘bosses,’ ‘supervisors,’ ‘leaders,’ or otherwise? Pick up on specific vocabulary as well as tone. And then describe how you’d solve the problems you’re hearing, based on specific examples from your past experience, recounted in their language. A dose of humility is important here – be confident about your ability to help without trivializing the challenges they’re facing. Describe how your skills could solve an employer’s problem, humbly and in their language. Share your excitement about solving their problem. The (right) reason for all the push for diversity in the workplace is for every problem, there is a perfectly-suited person to solve it out there somewhere. What is a daunting problem to many will be a rewarding challenge for the right person to take on. Once you’ve understood the target employer’s problem and explained how your skills and experience will solve it (in their language, remember), show and tell how excited you would be to be the one charged with solving this problem, for this company. Positioning yourself as the solution to employers’ problems forces you to take an empathetic view of their situation. This approach prevents the defensive or arrogant tone that interviews can elicit, under pressure to justify our past experience or training. When you take the time to understand the employer’s problem, you speak to your qualifications as the resource they are to solve that problem. Any successful consultant knows this is the surefire way to get hired: paint a picture of what a client’s situation would look like after their engagement. By the way, positioning yourself as a solution in this way can also get you hired for roles that don’t exist yet. If you listen carefully enough, and study your target industry, you may identify problems – and solutions – before an employer.
The JEE (Main) 2021 session 4 will now be held on 26th, 27th and 31st August, and on 1st and 2nd September 2021
The JEE (Main) 2021 session 4 will now be held on 26th, 27th and 31st August, and on 1st and 2nd September 2021, informed Education Minister Dharmendra Pradhan on Thursday. The National Testing Agency (NTA) has been advised to provide a gap of four weeks between session 3 and session 4 of the JEE(Main) 2021 Exam, he said.
A total of 7.32 lakh candidates have already registered for JEE(Main) 2021 session 4. Registrations for the JEE (Main) session 4 is still in progress and dates for registration will be further extended upto 20th July.
Earlier, the third edition of engineering entrance exam was scheduled to be held from July 20 to 25 and the fourth edition from July 27-August 2. However, the exam was postponed due to Covid situation.
The NTA had stated that the remaining two sessions of the JEE (Main) —2021 would resume from July 20, 2021. In order to address the pandemic, the number of cities had been increased from 232 to 334.
Earlier this month, the NTA said that the postponed sessions of the JEE-Main exam would be conducted at 828 centres in all sessions instead of the previous 660.
“In order to address the ongoing Covid-19 pandemic, the number of cities have been increased from 232 to 334. The number of examination centres in every shift will also be increased from 660 to 828,” said Sadhana Parashar, senior director of NTA.
The admit card for the third session of the JEE-Main 2021 has been released by the the testing agency. According to a document of the NTA, candidates who had applied earlier for “session 3 (April 2021) (postponed) BE/BTech Paper I” were given time between 6 to 8 July to modify their particulars.
This year, the examination authority is giving students a choice to answer 75 questions (25 each in Physics, Chemistry and Mathematics) out of 90 (30 each in Physics, Chemistry and Mathematics).
Merit list/ranking will be prepared based on the best score of candidates.
JEE Main 2021 is also being conducted in 13 languages including Hindi, English, Bengali, Gujarati, Kannada, Odia, Punjabi, Tamil, Telugu and Urdu.
There was a time when the sole reason people worked was to earn money so they could save it up to secure their kid’s future. But the times have changed drastically. Today’s modern man earns money for himself and spends it on himself and the first thing that pops up in the mind when he thinks of self-care is TRAVEL. No one ever travels just because they have to spend their money, but because those travels are extremely meaningful. A trip is supposed to soothe you and rejuvenate your mind in every way possible.
One of the most favorite tourist destinations of India is GOA. Goa is an Indian state with coastlines stretching along the Arabian Sea. It is known for its nightlife, the beaches, and most importantly its weather. As of October 2020, Goa is the 11th best tourist destination in the world. No wonder tourists from all over the world crowd the streets of Goa all year round. You combine the scenic beach views and the extravagant nightlife and you have got yourself a hell of a vacation.
For first time travelers, here’s a guide of everything that Goa has to offer:
1. Breathtaking Beaches: Goa is definitely the Beach capital of India. The state stretches along 100 km of the Arabian coastline and thus has around 35 beaches each with a spectacular view and its own calming vibe. Some of the more famous beaches include the Calangute & Candolim beach, Vagator beach, Arambol, and the tourist favorite The Baga beach. 2. Mouth-watering Food: If you enjoy experimenting with different cuisines, then you are in for a treat. Goan cuisine is mainly seafood-centric. Rice and fish are the staple food of natives of Goa. All tourist restaurants across the state offer variety of food items with their own touch of spice. You can experiment as much as you want and if you are not much of a risk-taker, you can enjoy your native cuisines at any restaurant and feel like you are home.
3. Adventure activities: Goa is famous for its water sports. Surfing, deep-sea diving, snorkeling, kayaking, flyboarding, parasailing, you name it and they have got it. More fun activities include paragliding, trekking, hiking, camping, bungee jumping, etc. All these activities will really get that adrenaline pumping.
4. Night Life: Goa is the beach capital and the party capital of India. During the night time, the beaches are full of tourists dancing and singing to the tunes played by the DJ. There is fun and enjoyment for as far as the eye can see. Each beach has its own different vibe to offer. The streets are always crowded with people irrespective of what time of night it is.
5. Historic Sites: Goa is not only about the scenery, the parties, or the beaches, it is also historically significant. Goa was once ruled by the Portuguese for over 450 years. It was later liberated and recognized as a state in India in1961. Some of the major historical sites in Goa include: • Aguada Fort: This fort was built by the Portuguese and it has to offer some of the most beautiful scenery. Many Bollywood movies have been shot at the fort and let’s face it who doesn’t want to experience those ‘Di Chahta Hai’ feels. • The Churches: One word that would accurately describe the Churches of Goa is magnificent. Each one tells a different story and all of them are worth knowing. Basilica of Bom Jesus, Church of Our Lady of Immaculate Conception, Se Cathedral, Church of Our Lady of the Mount, Santa Cruz Church, are some of the churches you can visit on your first trip and get a taste of history. • The Temples: For all those who are spiritual and enjoy visiting holy sites to replenish themselves, Goa is the place for you too. Having a history as old as almost 500 years, there are various temples, churches, and masjids. Some of the most eye-pleasing and soul-soothing temples one must visit are Mangeshi Temple, Shanta Durga Temple, Mahadev Temple, Chandreshwar Boothnath Temple, Brahma Temple, Mahalaxmi Temple, and Kamakshi Temple. • Other forts: Other than the Aguada fort, there are other sites one can visit if they wish to explore the entire state in one trip. Some of the other forts include Chapora Fort, Tiracol Fort, Reis Magos Fort, Cabo de Rama Fort, Corjuem Fort.
6. Dudhsagar Falls: Dudhsagar falls is a breathtaking waterfall located 60kms from Goa. This place is a must-visit for everyone who is planning their first trip to the state. The sound of the water falling and birds chirping around in the forest is exactly what you need to experience before you end your trip. Every aspect of that place makes the trip worth it. The best time to visit the falls is around monsoon when the milky white water is gushing down the hill.
7. Shopping: Last but not the least, Goa has a lot to offer to the people who love to shop. The streets are filled with little shops where you can find clothes, decorative items, or souvenirs to remember the trip.
If you plan to visit Goa, all you need to do is spend a week there and you will find yourself craving to come back every year. However, it does not matter where you travel as long as you can appreciate everything that place has to offer. Travel before it is too late. Travel and let your mind feel the joy.
“The world is a book and those who do not travel read only one page.” ~ Saint Augustine
Cooking,cookery, or culinary arts is the art, science, and craft of using heat to prepare food for consumption. Cooking techniques and ingredients vary widely, from grilling food over an open fire to using electric stoves, to baking in various types of ovens, reflecting local conditions.
Types of cooking also depend on the skill levels and training of the cooks. Cooking is done both by people in their own dwellings and by professional cooks and chefs in restaurants and other food establishments.
Preparing food with heat or fire is an activity unique to humans. It may have started around 2 million years ago, though archaeological evidence for it reaches no more than 1 million years ago.
conclusion
Cooking can be more than just making food for day-to-day meals. It can transform routine to a passion. Cooking may be the oldest and most widespread application of chemistry and recipes may be the oldest practical result of chemical research. We have illustrated just a few food items and the chemistry behind them.
Eduindex 
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