We all are well aware of massive widespread of Covid 19 infection. Keeping that in mind, experts suggested for a complete lockdown again. Also, American Government’s head Health Advisor Dr.Antony Fauci suggested for complete lockdown and rejuvenate health services during that period. Now, Supreme Court also propounded the idea to Central Government, considering the vulnerable conditions of weaker sections of the society. Labours, daily wage workers, sections below poverty line should be given adequate facilities first.
Lockdown is an efficient way to control this pandemic, but our experience from last year’s lockdown was horrible, that’s why government is hesitating to impose complete lockdown again. As we all know that last year many poor people faced problems like lack of food and money, many labours and daily wage workers were migrating from cities to their hometown and many poors died of starvation or lack of access to health services. Our nation’s economy also faced huge fall of GDP. Our country were unstable because of lockdown. Many labours were stucked in cities that increased the number of corona positive patients. After first unlock, these workers rushed to their villages that resulted in huge blast of corona in rural areas that made situation more vulnerable. Many states have imposed lockdown in various ways but of no use. People are not taking it seriously like before. It would be better if state government impose short term lockdown after checking out the condition of the natives.
Supreme court has decided to provide proper facilities to poors before imposing lockdown. If central government take initiative to do so from now, there will be less problems and we’ll overcome this pandemic together.
The division bench of Delhi High court consisting of Cheif justice DN Patel and Justice Jyoti singh issued notice on recognising same sex marriages,marriages of queer people under Foreign Marriage act,1969 and Special Marriage act,1954.
The notice was issued to Ministry of Home Affairs, Consulate General of India, New york, Ministry of External affairs and posted the matter on 27th august.
Facts of the case, i.e “Joydeep Sengupta and others VS Ministry of home affairs”
A plea was filed by a same sex couple, Mr. Joydeep Sengupta and Mr. Russell Blaine Stephens in the Delhi High court to make the special marriage act, 1954 and the foreign marriage act,1969 applicable to all couples seeking to get married regardless of their gender and sexual orientation.
Mr. Joydeep Sengupta is an Oversees Citizen of India[OCI] and Mr. Russell Blaine Stephens is an U.S citizen. Mr. Sungupta is an Canadian citizen now and since 2011. The couple got married legally in New york on 6th august 2012, and are recognised legally as a couple in France, Canada, US.
The couple said that they were preparing to be parents and expecting their first child in july 2021. The petition sought a direction from the court refraining the Consulate General of India, New York from declaring the spouse of an OCI [Mr. Stephens] ineligible for becoming an OCI on the mere grounds of their sexual orientation.
Past actions of the centre
The centre in many instances had showed its opposition in recognising same sex marriages legal by making changes to existing marriage laws. It said that making changes would create a havoc in balance of personal laws of the country.
The Centre argued that the idea of same sex marriages was different from the idea of an ideal Indian family consisting of a man, woman, and children. It said “Living together as partners and having sexual relationship by same-sex individuals is not comparable with the Indian family unit concept of a husband, a wife and children which necessarily presuppose a biological man as a ‘husband’, a biological woman as a ‘wife’ and the children born out of the union between the two”.
The Centre said that the declaration of decriminalising homosexuality and striking down section 377 of the IPC by the Supreme Court had made only a limited declaration to decriminalise human behaviour which was illegal under section 377, and that declaration could not be used to argue to legalise same sex marriages.
Case proceedings
The case was listed on 27th august with similar please. This is the 4th plea which was filed to legalise same sex marriages.
LGBT rights In India
The Indian society has always considered and still consider homosexuality or non hetrosexuality as unnatural.
In 2018, the landmark decision of “Navtej singh Johar VS Union of India”, the Supreme Court of India decriminalised consensual homosexual intercourse by striking down section 377 of the IPC.
Despite the landmark judgement, homophobia is present in abundance in the Indian population. The judgement just just changed the legal status of homosexuality, but what needs to change is the idealogy of the society.
Spreading awareness
The only way to change and repeal idealogies is to spread awareness. Every year, in JUNE, pride month is celebrated to see how far the LGBT community has come. During this period, many pride events are held to recognize the impact LGBT people have had on the world
J.B.S Haldane in his book ” What is Race ” published by UNESCO ,wrote ” Race is a group which shares in common a certain set of innate physical characters and a geographical origin within a certain area .”
A race lives in a definite geographical origin and has some definite innate characteristics.
The term race is a controversial concept for it is understood differently by different people . Race can mean all of humanity , nationality or even group which is mixed in nearly all respects but socially designated as different.
In the past race was considered as a biological concept but Social scientists recognise that there is no such thing as a race based purely on objective biological differences . Hence , races are regarded as social concepts.
Definitions
” A race is a larger , biological human grouping with a number of distinctive , inherited czar sctri which vary within a certain range .” A.W .Green
” A race is a large group of people distinguished by inherited physical differences “ J. Biesanz and M. Biesanz
“A race is a biologically inherited group possessing a distinctive combination of physical trails that tends to breed true from generation to generation ” Hoebel
” A race is short is a group of related inter marrying individual , that is a population which differs from other population in the relative common ness of cert hereditary traits “ L.C . Dunn
“A race is a broad association of persons of similar biological heritage ,who are untied in settlement by common cultural traditions and who in time of conflict seek to claim rights to a better social position on the basis of an inherited quality “ In this definition , race has been biologically interpreted . Sutherland and Woodword
“A race is a large division of characteristics presumed to be biologically inherited and remaining relatively constant through numerous generations .” Paul A.F . Walter .
View by UNESCO
UNESCO arranged a conference of all the prominent Sociologists , anthropologists and psychologists in order to determine a single conception of race .
The judgements given during the conference :-
• Fundamentally , the entire human species has on origin and all men are homo sapiens .
• National groups , religious groups , geographical groups , cultural groups , linguistics groups etc. , are all entirely unconnected with and unrelated to race . These groups do not give indication of any race .
• Distinctions can be made between races on the basis of differences in physical characteristics but not on the basis of cultural characteristics .
• The differences found to exist between the physical characteristics of men are due both to hereditary and to the environment . Differences in heredity arise due to the process known as mutation and in breeding .
• Some races make claims of purity but this is not true . Today pure races cannot be found anywhere in the world . The process of mixing of races originated long back .
• Human races can be classified but these classifications are based solely on physical traits . They have no relation of any kind of mental or intellectual superiority or inferiority .
• The inner capacity for the development of mind and culture is found equally in every race . Hence distinctions between races cannot be based on cultural differences or levels of intelligence . Intelligent people are to be found in all races .
• It is possible that in one nation the degree of racial differences may be greater while in another nation it may be of greater or lesser degree .
• Evidence in support of the fact that the race has no important effect in the social and cultural differences between various human groups has been found in historical and sociological studies . By no stretch of imagination can one conceive of any relation between changes in racial forms and social changes .
• That from a biological viewpoint , mixing of races is deleterious , is an essential incorrect and invalid belief .
Therefore , Race is a group of intermarrying people who are born of common ancestors , possess similar physical traits and a ‘, we feeling ‘ . Inbreeding renders permanent the physical characteristics of the race and due to them one race can be distinguished from another . One major cause of inbreeding is geographical isolation . Besides geographical isolation a race originates due also to mutation , migration , selection and adaptation.
Determinants of Race
How is race determined ?
In the past , race was regarded as a biological concept and so race was determined by physical characteristics .
These physical traits are two types – • Indefinite Physical traits • Definite physical traits.
Indefinite Physical traits These traits which are amenable to any measurement are called indefinite physical traits , such as the colour of the skin . Hence they can be described . These traits included :-
• Colour of Skin :- Usually , on the basis of colour of the skin people differentiate between the white , yellow , brown and black races . But it is difficult to distinguish between the microscopic differences in the colour of the skin since the colour of the skin alters with the effect of the climate . Hence , anthropologists do not lay much emphasis on the colour of the skin in trying to discover the race . The following distinctions can be made by the colour of the skins :- Leucoderma as Caucasian Xanthoderma is Monogolian Melanoderm as Negro .
As the skin is subject to change and subtle variation it is difficult to determine race on the basis of colour .
• Texture and the colour of hair :- The texture and colour of hair is another indefinite physical trait of race . There are the three following distinctions of hair on the basis of texture * Leiotrichous ( soft straight hair ) as of the Mongols and Chinese . * Cymotrichous ( smooth curly hair ) as of the inhabitants of India , Western Europe , Australia and North East Africa * Ulotrichy ( thick curly hair ) as of Negroes .
• Structure and the colour of eyes There are three distinctions of the colour of eyes – white ,grey , brown , black and blue . The structure of the orifice of the eye is usually horizontal but at some places diagonal eyes are found as in Southern Europe and North Africa.
Definite Physical Traits Definite physical traits are those which can be measured . It includes the following :-
• Stature :- Different races are distinguished on the basis of differences in stature . Topinard has classified height in the following manner i ) Tall stature ( 170 cm ) or above ii) Above Average stature ( 165cm ) iii) Short Stature ( 160 cm) .
The average height of the Pategonian people is the greatest and of the African bushmen the shortest .
• Structure of Head :- Heads can be classified on three classes according to the ratio of length and width i) Dolichocephalic ii) Meson- cephalic iii) Brachy – cephalic
The structure of the head can be known by its length to its breath . In India the Brachy cephalic is found in Bengal , Meson-cephalic is found in Bihar and Dolichocephalic in Uttar Pradesh.
In the past much importance was attached to the structure of the head in the determination of race but since Boas proved that changes in environment changes the structure of the head ,it has lost much of its effect as a determinant of race .
Structure of Nose :- Nasal index is used to determine the structure of the nose . The nasal index can classify the structure of Nose into three classes i) Leptorrhine ( thin ) mostly found in Punjab . ii) Mesorrhine ( medium ) mostly found in Uttar Pradesh. iii) Platyrrhine ( short wide ) mostly found in Madras , Madhya Pradesh and Chota Nagpur areas of India .
• Perimeter of Chest :- Differences in the chest measurement between people of different races is to be found .
It is impossible to find all the traits of one race in the people of any country . Hence , all races of the world have been intermixed and no race is pure anywhere.
Hence , the concept of Pure Race is a Myth. All existing Sociological and biological evidences point conclude that there is no such things as a ” pure race” Different population groups have been inbreeding for years and categories of race are only the creation of observers, not of nature .
” Human groups have exchanged their genes through mating to such an extent that any attempt to identify ‘ pure races’ is bound to be fruitless “
The concept of Racial Superiority.
The concept of Racial Superiority is a psychological myth . This phenomenon is often interpreted as “racism “. Modern societies consist of people who belong to different racial and ethnic groups . Some of these racial groups are able to live together in harmony and mutual respect but others are in a state of constant antagonism and conflict . The dominant race tries to impose its will on the weaker ones . This domination of one race over another leads to suppression and exploitation .
Some examples of racism , The domination of the western world by European powers during the late 20th century . The partial extermination and subsequent segregation of native American The oppression of Black Americans first as slaves and then as exploited minorities.
“Racism or racialism is set of beliefs , ideologies and social processes that discrimination , exploitation or violent oppression is known as racism “ – Collins Dictionary of Sociology
“ Racism is a phenomenon in which a group that is seen as inferior or different is exploited and oppressed by a dominant group .” – Blauner
The root of racism is said to be the extreme ethnocentric attitudes which are found to be at the root of racism . According to most people their own norms , religion , attitudes , values and cultural practices are right and proper , while those other groups are peculiar , idiotic and sometimes immortal .
The ethnocentric attitudes that are functional for one group may prove to be highly dysfunctional for another group . Under certain conditions , ethnocentric attitudes can take an extreme and aggressive form and can be used to justify the oppression treatment of other racial or ethnic groups. This leads to racism .
Ideology of Racism
“Racism is an ideology based on the belief that an observable , supposedly inherited trait ,such as skin colour ,is a mark of inferiority that justifies the discriminatory treatment of people with that trait “
The ideology of racism supports the existing inequalities by the social process of the “self fulfilling prophecy ”
American sociologist W.I Thomas explained this idea in the form of a simple statement which is popularly known as “, Thomas Theorem ” “If men define situation as real ,they are real in consequences ”
Merton explained further using an example , ” If people wrongly believe that a bank will go bankrupt , they will rush to withdraw their money ” The self fulfilling prophecy is a false definition of a situation but the definition leads to behaviour that makes prediction come true .
Self fulfilling prophecy also causes cases of race relations . The racist ideology of the dominant group defines the minority as inferior and hence considered unfit for higher status jobs , higher education etc.
Root of Racism :-
Simpson and Yinger highlighted four roots of Racism in their classic text
• The doctrine of biologically superior and inferior races • Members of different races have different personalities • That ethical standards differ from one race to another .
J.L.Gillin criticized the theory of Racism and brought forward the objection that Racism is confused with culture and nationality . Modern scientific tests have proved that no race can be consid inferior in any respect and that the conception of racism is completely wrong and unscientific.
Devastation in a life of a Human being comes in various versions which ultimately hollows a person psychologically, emotionally, and sometimes physically too. Kafka’s one of the most popular novellas to date is “Metamorphosis”, which is the best example of Human abandonment from their own society. This novella portrays how a human is outcasted by their own family and left to die.
A Tragic Story of Gregor Samsa –
The Novella begins with a setting of a bedroom where the protagonist is first introduced to the readers, as “Gregor Samsa”, who wakes up from his bed and sees himself transformed into a bug which brings him into a state of perplexing situation of his sudden body changes. He started to anticipate many assumptions of what had really happened to his body in one night but he failed in vain with the running thoughts.
Gregor Samsa was a salesman and a sole breadwinner who had a bunch of family responsibilities piled upon him. Even in the state of his physical transformation, he was concerned about his job and how would he be able to go to his office and catch his train at 7am.
Shock to the family –
When Gregor’s family members came to know about his physical transformation there were abashed and terrified by his transformation and avoided him mostly due to his nasty appearance. They were least bothered about Gregor, rather they were trying to avoid him by looking in this room and treating him like a real bug. Gregor’s father who never had any emotion and concern for his son only treated Gregor as someone who is paying off his debts. Gregor’s mother who loved Samsa dearly couldn’t be able to see his own son’s face as he looked disgusting and she was horrified with his appearance.
The only member who had a little bit of concern was Grete ( Sister of Gregor), who used to feed food to Samsa, but later on, in the story, she also loses interest in taking care of his own brother.
Family becomes Rebellious and Abandons Gregor :
This novella highlights the Fractured Family Relationships and the ill consequences which happened to Gregor after his transformation. His family, in particular, treated him like a disgusting insect which they wanted to get rid of, as the days were passing, Gregor who was once taking the responsibility for every member of his family now became a burden to them.
His father, Mr. Samsa even tried to kill Gregor with an apple, as he hated his own son so much. His mother though loved his son so much but never tried to visit him due to his condition.
The transformation was just a physical pain to Gregor, but the emotional and mental pain he received from his own family who was betraying him every day and alienated him in the end.
Tragic death Of Gregor:
“He thought back of his family with emotion and love. If it was possible, he felt that he must go away even more strongly than his sister. He remained in this state of empty and peaceful rumination until he heard the clock tower strike three in the morning. He watched as it slowly began to get light everywhere outside the window too. Then, without his willing it, his head sank down completely, and his last breath flowed weakly from his nostrils.”
This quote mainly reflects the tragic death of Gregor which created a sense of happiness for his family members. Profoundly, Grete is portrayed as responsible for Gregor’s death, but as we look into the story, we can’t blame only one character as responsible for his death, it is the whole family which should be blamed. Gregor was suffering from a state of identity crisis which brought his suicidal thoughts.
If we look into the story from a critical point of view, we can find that Gregor was depressed and was suffering from a breakdown. Unlike, other men of his age, he was different, he never enjoyed his life and never went to hang out with his friends, rather he was a workaholic and loner who used to be distant from socializing.
As we look into the story, Gregor died in his own room due to the burdensome of his own existence. His family made him feel like an outcast who should be dead and that made him demotivated to even live in this world.
His death was tragic because he died emotionally, mentally and when he was dead from inside his physical state couldn’t bear his body and left him abandoned, so he died tragically.
The ill fate of Gregor – An Alienated living being.
Gregor as a young salesman and even as a son, brother played all of his responsibility in an admirable way, he never disappointed anyone but rather always worked hard in spite of any situations.
When his life became upside down when he became a bug and his transformation made him realize that he has no one in this real world. His family was a mirage of happiness that abandoned him in the end. All his family urged was the money. They were happy with Gregor till he was capable of earning, the day he was of no use his family changed their attitudes towards him which made Gregor feel alone.
The author tried to make understand through the situation of Gregor to his readers that, when a person is physically able, they are treated as a prominent part of the society, but when they have any flaws or deficits in their body, they are discriminated against by there looks and appearances and left alone by criticizing and judging them, which makes the person hollow from inside.
A fractured family basically lives a materialistic life where emotions and understanding are not prominent instead there is always a motive of taking advantage of each other. Gregor’s family were money-oriented people who only urged for money and not didn’t worried about Gregor’s crisis he was going through.
Metamorphosis is the best work Novella which tells about Humans and their family relationships that, if a person is dead their life doesn’t stop as like the flowing water their life moves on and people forget there past like the dawn of other days.
It turns out that as an object moves with relativistic speeds a “strange” thing seems to happen to its time as observed by “us” the stationary observer (observer in an inertial reference frame). What we see happen is that the “clock” in motion slows down according to our clock, therefore we read two different times. Which time is correct??? well they both are because time is not absolute but is relative, it depends on the reference frame. Let’s look at the following classic example. There is a set of twins, one an astronaut, the other works for mission control of NASA. The astronaut leaves on a deep space trip traveling at 95% the speed of light. Upon returning the astronauts clock has measured ten years, so yhe astronaut has aged 10 years. However, when the astronaut reunites with his earth bound twin, the astronauthe sees that the twin has aged 32 years! This is explained due to the fact that the astronaut’s twin is traveling at relativistic speeds and therefore his “clock” is slowed down.
Let’s see how we can calculate the time “difference”. The equation for calculating time dilation is as follows:
t = t0/(1-v2/c2)1/2
where: t = time observed in the other reference frame
t0 = time in observers own frame of reference (rest time)
v = the speed of the moving object
c = the speed of light in a vacuum
so in our problem we will let v = .95c, t0 = 10 years and we will solve for t which is the time that the earth bound brother measures.
t = 10/(1- (.95c)2/c2)1/2
t = 10/(1- .952)1/2
t = 10/ .312
t = 32 years (the time the earth bound brother measures)
Now let’s have a closer look at the equation and determine just what impact the speed of the object has on time dilation. We can see that is the velocity is small compared to the speed of light the quantity v2/c2 approaches 0 and the equation simplifies t0: t = t0/1 which is simply t. So at relatively slow speeds (our everyday speeds) time dilation is not a factor and Newton’s Laws are still applicable. Now let’s look at high speeds (close to the speed of light), from the equation that as velocity increases the quantity v2/c2 approaches 1 (but will never quit reach it), causing the quantity(1-v2/c2)1/2 t0 become smaller and smaller….therefore causing the time measured by the other observer t0 become greater thus making our time appear slower (refer back to the example). I know its so confusing!!! read it again, think about it, then study the graph below. As one can see in the graph time dilation starts t0 “show up” between .4c and .5c. Also notice that the closer one gets to the speed of light the greater impact speed has on time dilation (notice how steep the curve gets towards the end)..
Indian Education System was always been on debate , whether it is good or bad .People always talk about it being full of flaws with nothing good but a ritual being carried on from past forcing us to follow the static rules of system which didn’t let us to think out of the box . All we end up doing is studying the same content , the same syllabus , in the same pattern (theoretical one) that was studies by our elders . The focus is mainly on the marks not on any other traits, our abilities were mostly being judged on the basis of percentage we got as a result we end up being running to stood first on the crazy race of marks and forgetting everything after the exams , which completely does not make any sense .
Some things seems to bring about a full is stop on this static system “The NEW EDUCATION POLICY ” which came in as an hope in 2020 for bringing about a major change in the pattern .Almost everybody knows about is by now , the policy says alot about changing the education system completely and making a new one leading to changing the entire system of education of the country. The policy has a very educational friendly approach as it mainly focuses on providing the standard education , which will include all the other aspects of it other than just being the theoretical learning. Every body have their own views regarding it , many had criticized it even which may or may not be the right thing to do ,as the policy is on paper not in existence its implication seems to take alot of time itself. So let just analyze few key points of it before making an opinion .
Starting with the changes it says , to be making at school level .The important swap is made by converting “10 +2” to “5+3+3+4” which is a great step , the concept is mainly to build the strong base from the very beigining i.e at the age of 3 , though even before the change this system is followed in may cities but was not mandatory .The other important addition that is made is “learning coding from 6th standard”, which many of us are still afraid to learn , seeing the requirement of coding in the digital world the government had taken this step . Along with coding the internship kind of vocational training program has also been introduced which which help the student in critical thinking leading to creative mindset. Moving on to the third significant point “the choices of subjects ” the pattern of dividing the students in three streams has demolished by the new one in which the students will be free to choose the subjects as per their interest that means the students will no longer be left with confusion after completing their school as the freedom to choose the subjects will help them to find their interest on and make better decision .
Shifting to the Higher education , the significant point is the introduction of the MEME (Multiple entry Multiple exist ) system that will now definitely lead to the completion of higher education of all the students who finds it difficult to do it on continuation , as this system will give them the freedom to do the completion with gaps in between and also there will be an increment of one year in the three year bachelor program which will be optional , that means if you want to add this year you may otherwise their will be no pressure , the fresh year will be of the research which is an amazing point .The other point is the introduction of “Academic Bank of Credit system” under which all the credits earned by the students in the higher education will be stored on to basis of which Degrees will be awarded.
Along with these points few prime points are , all the bodies of education will now comes under one umbrella , that means now their will be only decision making body of higher education the “HEC (Higher Education Commission)”. Virtual labs will be builds so that the practical knowledge will be given to all the students .Report cards will also includes the marks of participation in extracurricular activities and marks of creativity apart from the subjects marks . Most important the investment in education has increases from 1.6% of GDP to 6%.
These are the few major points of the New Education Policy 2020, all the points seems so prime and will be so effective if will get follow up in the same way it was mention . Education do play a major role in the development of the country if all the changes will be made effectively than surely this will lead to the development of the country . Do comment down below what suggestion you have for the new policy and which beneficial change excites you the most .
Literature broadly is any collection of written work, but it is also used more narrowly for writings specifically considered to be an art form, especially prose fiction, drama, and poetry. In recent centuries, the definition has expanded to include oral literature, much of which has been transcribed.
The concept has changed now a days. The history of literature follows closely the development of civilization. when defined exclusively as written work ancient Egyptian literature, along with sumerian literature are considered the world’s oldest literature.
Literature can be classified according to whether it is fiction or non fiction and whether it is poetry or pose ; it can be further distinguished according to major forms such as the novel, short story or drama ;and works are often categorised according to historical periods or their adherence to certain aesthetic features or expectations (genre)
Development in print technology have allowed an ever-growing distribution and proliferation of written works, culminating in electronic literature
The virus struck India at a time when the country was experiencing its worst economic development in over a decade. The weakening economy had adversely harmed rural areas, which house the bulk of the country’s citizens.
Even in the lack of official data, one might detect an increase in rural poverty. High unemployment, consumption expenditure was continually decreasing, and public development investment was stagnating. These three variables, taken combined, determine an economy’s health.
For more than a year, rural Indians — mainly an informal workforce and impoverished by any recognised measure — have been living with sporadic work. Anecdotal reports of risky survival are coming in. People are cutting back on food purchases; many have ceased eating staples such as lentils as food prices have risen.
The Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme is no longer sufficient to hold employment expectations. Most people are depleting their small savings. Mostly with the pandemic’s second wave wreaking havoc, it’s a desperate scenario. One may say that the economy for the poorest and the moderately well-off has come to an end.
A pre-Covid economic downturn, coupled with the pandemic’s economic shock, is believed to have reversed any poverty-reduction advances, resulting in a significant increase in poverty.
Using World Bank statistics, Pew Research Center projected that the number of poor in India (those with an earnings of $2 a day or below in purchasing power parity) has increased to 134 million from 60 million within only a year as a result of the pandemic-induced recession. It means that, after 45 years, India has once again become a “country of widespread poverty.”
Since 2011, India has not counted the impoverished. However, the United Nations projected that 364 million people were impoverished in the nation in 2019, accounting for 28% of the population. This does not include the projected new impoverished as a result of the outbreak. According to estimates, millions of people in major cities have also fallen below the poverty line. According to the Pew Center, the middle class has decreased by one-third. Despite population and geographical divisions, millions of Indians have gotten worse, remained poor, or are on the verge of becoming impoverished.
For a huge population like India, where millions of lives are at stake, the need to create a system that maps the areas and homes that are in desperate need for some help from the government. Public services are seen as the most realistic means of lifting the most vulnerable people from poverty.
To bring about change in anti-poverty initiatives, the government should use scientific methods and analyses. Moreover, there is a need for a long-term plan to combat poverty, which may be accomplished by enabling the most disadvantaged section of society self-sufficient by providing them with some type of skill set.
Local authorities can play a significant role in this issue because they are more familiar with the underlying causes of the crises. Strengthening them via technical and technological support as well as an enhanced monitoring system will help to reduce poverty at the grass roots. It is critical to provide food assistance and enough cash to such families in order to keep them from falling further into impoverishment.
When compared to the time it was at its peak, the number of Covid 19 cases has decreased, but many individuals have been trapped in a vicious circle of exacerbating the situation, economic decline, and unemployment. There is still some hope that along with long-term solutions, we can not only overcome the crisis, but also use it to raise people out of poverty, which is feasible for a nation that has decreased poverty at the highest pace in history.
Game Of Thrones is an American television series created for HBO by David Benioff and D.B. Weiss released in 2011. This series is based on a novel ‘A Song of Ice and Fire’, a series of fantasy novels by George R.R. Martin. The show got popularity soon after it is released. This show is shot in UK, Canada, Croatia, Malta, Morocco and Spain. It was released as TV show but now available in online at HBO website. The show is full of fantasy, and best for viewers to imagine and feel the fantasy world.
There are total 10 episodes of approximately 55 minutes. HBO had ordered a television pilot in November 2008; filming began the following year. However, it was deemed unsatisfactory and later reshot with some roles recast. In March 2010, HBO ordered the first season, which began filming in July 2010, primarily inBelfast, Northern Ireland, with additional filming in Malta.
There are total 10 episodes of approximately 55 minutes. HBO had ordered a television pilot in November 2008; filming began the following year. However, it was deemed unsatisfactory and later reshot with some roles recast. In March 2010, HBO ordered the first season, which began filming in July 2010, primarily inBelfast, Northern Ireland, with additional filming in Malta.
The story is primarily upon continent Westeros, with one storyline occurring on another continent to the east, Essos. Like the novel, the story focuses on Nobleman Eddard Stark also called Ned, the Warden of North and ruler of Winterfell. He asked to be ‘Hand’ of the King of Seven Kingdoms Robert Baretheon, also he was his best friend. They won many battles together before Robert became King, and only one Robert trusts is Ned. Later on Ned seeks to find the mystery behind the murder of his predecessor Jon Arryn. He also finds out that the son of Robert is not actually his. He uncovers the dark secret of Lannister family, which includes Robert’s queen, Cersei, that his predecessor died trying to expose. Ned fooling tells this to Cersei(Robert’s wife), and this leads to the murder of Robert. But Robert before dying orders a letter to make Ned the king of Seven Kingdoms till his son(Robert’s) come to a proper age. Ned is killed at the order of Cersei’s tyrannical teenage son, King Joffrey Baratheon.
Meanwhile, in Essos, the exiled Viserys Targaryen, son of the former king, forces his sister Daenerys to marry a Dothraki warlord in exchange for an army to pursue his claim to the Iron Throne. The season ends with Viserys dead and Daenerys becoming the Mother of Dragons.
The story is not only this much, I have given a very very brief from all 10 episodes. There is more to find out by seeing this show. Game of Thrones features a large ensemble cast. Critics praised the show’s production values and cast.
The first season won two of the thirteen Emmy Awards for which it was nominated: Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series (Dinklage) and Outstanding Main Title Design. It was also nominated for Outstanding Drama Series. U.S. viewership rose by approximately 33% over the course of the season, from 2.2 million to over 3 million by the finale.
However this show is also criticized for its foul language, nudity, high violence and sexual violence. So this is show is highly recommended for adults and one who can see violence. Here violence is not only killing, but it is like to see a surgeon operation. These have showed organs after being cutted by swords, what a head will look if one cuts into half. So I recommend not to watch if you start screaming just seeing blood as there is lot more than just blood.
But this show is must watch. For its locations, natural beauty, fantasy beauty and more.
Ever imagined reading someone’s mind? Well you can do that once you go through the wonderful experience of learning effective communication. Yes, a simple yet complicated study of human behaviour, attitude, personality can be very well assessed through communication. Maybe you feel it absurd talking about communication since it’s a very typical thing we all inhibit as we grow. But, Let me correct you. It’s an art to communicate EFFECTIVELY.
Communication not only means speaking and listening. It’s more about how you present yourself while speaking and how you behave while listening.
It creates an impact on the person you are communicating with. Suppose you have a business meeting going on and you are wearing your pyjamas while presenting your COMPANY. The clients will lose interest on first sight since your clothes are speaking about you . And what if you go to a night club wearing formals, all eyes will be on you. Not because you look attractive, but you went the wrong place, they will think. Of course clubs welcome party wears! Every place has its own demand, you see. It is essential to get into what the situation demands of you.
For an effective communicator, you have to be a good speaker as well as a good listener. You should be able to ADMINISTER one’s thoughts. We will soon return to this point after learning few basics.
Now, When you are in a formal set up, you should know what your business requires you to be like. In a textile business you should have knowledge of cloth materials while in a transport business you should be aware of the routes where your business is operative. The basic motive behind KNOWING YOUR BUSINESS is that it allows you to interact with your clients, employees, suppliers, in a better way. The basic know-how plays an important role in deciding investment plans, employee- pay, expansion and likewise for the company. Similarly if you are an employee/employer of the company, you should be aware of the current trends and evolutions that may bother your business. Actions are to be taken accordingly. Each and every person concerned should be active in terms of knowledge. When you will go for an interview with no idea of what the company offers, the rejection happens before the communication. It is like hitting hammer on your own legs. Not only it creates negative impact about you but also there are chances of you being tricked by people. They may hire you for irrelevant or undesirable work without you knowing an inch about it. Such cases do exist!
However, Being knowledgeable is not sufficient to interact. You should follow the basic etiquettes of a business.
After making a formal appearance, Your body language while presenting matters a lot.
Body language shows how confident you are and what determination you have to turn the world around. Your behaviour should be active and not like the one of a procrastinator. Organisations employ or contract with only those who have the stamina to do something for their welfare. No one recognises a lethargic and frustrated person. You should be a solution provider for their problems and not a problem yourself.
Good posture and attentive behaviour are the ideology to get attraction towards you.
A smile on the face, tight hand shakes, confident walk
These attributes relate to interviews but apply to all businesses where companies deal with the clients on a daily basis. A serious look is not advisable as much a happy face while dealing formally. Weak hand shakes signal the low confidence level of a person. Similar is the case of walking manner. Remember, you are being judged throughout. Nothing gets ignored when it comes to formal interactions.
There are more of such signals that show your nervousness. While shaking hands, if your hands are getting cold, the interviewer will know it and such observations may affect your selections for jobs having specific demands.
Another example can be your movements. If you are clicking a pen while waiting for your turn in the interview or you are changing your postures very often or clicking your fingers; all of these give a direct impression in the interviewers head. Here, your behaviour speaks about you.
On the contrary, if you are too loud while speaking or too frank/cheerful/excited while interacting with that person of authority, it shows your over confidence or other such attitude as may be undesirable for the post you are being interviewed for. Formal set ups admire moderate personality employees-neither too loud in their behaviour nor too lazy.
Having discussed the basics, we now come to the most important and the final stage of our discussion – Administering the thought process
Now that you know the dressing sense, body language and awareness (knowledge) required for effective communication in formal set ups, we now learn how to read the mind of the individual we are interacting with. It is quite a simple task which comes with experience. Ever imagined how such big organisations manage time to interview a number of applicants ? They are the mind readers. They excel at knowing your personality via your thought process. You are asked questions that reflect you. Your way of speech and your answers decide if you are suitable. This is why interviews are often quick as they read you through your words and expressions.
But what does this has for you? You also can read them up. As humans, we interact and communicate on a daily basis. What you need is work upon it. Make your every interaction effective by being attentive and presentable. You will come up with more ideas to communicate through practice. You should be clear in your speech and responsive to others‘. Give time to others’ complete their point and make place for your words on the same hand. This way you get better at understanding point of views.
Through more such assessments you will become able to grasp ideas before people speak up. You will know what the interviewer is going to ask about. Yes, it happens! You too will start to get an idea of the thought process of a person and analyse his personality. These signals are hard to trace in formal set ups, that is why it comes with experience…
To be a good journalist one must possess multiple qualities like integrity, fairness, objectivity and truthfulness which are the key factors for building a powerful story with an impactful narrative. They are ought to be courageous in order to dig deeper into the matter and to comprehend the situation. But, one of the most underrated qualities of a journalist is empathy.
In simple terms empathy means an ability to grasp the emotions and feelings of others. In journalism it has a crucial role to play as it allows the journalist to dig deeper into the story. When we imply an empathetic approach to our work it encourages us to find out the intentions of the event, what thoughts went behind an individual to commit those actions which helps in going one step ahead in reporting. Moreover, if the event involves human impact it progressively helps to explore further. It is recognized as a tool that enables a connection with an individual. Empathy usually does not mean to become a part of the subject circumstances it is allowing the emotions created by those situations, a journalist’s job is to convey the data and meaning with human connectedness. This specific quality opens the conduit of connection which gives the data a soul.
Empathy performs a major role in regulating social relationships. It majorly occupies a central place fulfilling multiple roles and in news production. With this trait it enables to achieve extensive information at an interpersonal level. To inculcate empathy in journalism one needs to understand the party, express their understanding to them, seek confirmation from them if they feel comfortable and understood by the mediator and receive their confirmation. This approach is known as looping which is known is used by conflict mediators. Though, this method should not be misinterpreted in for taking an agreement. It focuses on having a genuine desire to understand better to what matters to the person who is being interviewed.
Empathy helps the presenter to find the right tone for the matter of subject, from reporting lighter stories to tragic stories. Allowing empathy to became a significant part of the process ensures that one has journalistic values of balance, fairness and accuracy. This quality is involved in story making and helps to create authenticity and relates to the news source as an individual. It can be understood by emotional labor. Incase this does not arise naturally it is needed to be performed to accomplish a task. To reach an audience from a very different cultural, social, economic background one must practice empathy in their work. Empathy provides a ground for dealing with emotions of the news protagonist and using it as a means in reporting and also affecting the emotional regulations of a journalist during news production. It is related to perceiving emotions of other people but also the deployment of emotions in the news and engaging the audience. Therefore, Empathy is a central resource in journalistic practice.
Keynesian Economics is a macroeconomic theory that came into existence after the fall of Classical Economics. It was given by John Maynard Keynes in order to understand the Great Depression of the 1930s. His theory focussed on aggregate demand and aggregate supply. This theory was the refutation to the classical economics. Keynes theory of employment was based on the principle of effective demand. According to this, the level of employment in a capitalist economy depends on the effective demand. Unemployment is the result of deficiency of effective demand. Keynes used the term aggregate demand price and aggregate supply price to explain effective demand. Aggregate demand price refers to the amount of money which entrepreneurs expect to get by selling the output. It is basically the expected revenue from the sale of outputs at a certain level of employment. Aggregate supply price on the other hand refers to the proceeds necessary for the sale of output at a particular level of employment. Basically each level of employment is related to a particular aggregate supply price. The determination of effective demand is done by using aggregate demand price and aggregate supply price. The level of employment is determined when aggregate demand price is equal to the aggregate supply price. This level of employment is also the point of effective demand and here entrepreneurs earn normal profits.
Keynes also criticized the idea of excessive saving, unless it was for a specific purpose such as retirement or education. He saw it as dangerous for the economy because the more money sitting stagnant, the less money in the economy stimulating growth. Instead, he focussed more on investment and highlighted it’s role in determining the level of employment in the economy. According to him, aggregate demand function depends on the consumption function and investment function. A fall in any of these two functions result in unemployment. Thus it is the aggregate demand function which is the effective element in the principle of effective demand. Keynesian economics focuses on demand-side solutions to recessionary periods. The intervention of government in economic processes is an important part of it. Keynesian theorists argue that economies do not stabilize themselves very quickly and require active intervention that boosts short-term demand in the economy.
Keynes also reformulated the Quantity Theory of Money. He criticised the classical idea of money being neutral. According to him money is the link between the present and the future. The Keynesian theory emphasises that the price level is in fact a consequence of aggregate demand or expenditure relative to aggregate supply rather than of quantity of money.
The multiplier effect was developed by Keynes’s student Richar Kahn. According to Keynes’s theory of fiscal stimulus, an injection of government spending eventually leads to added business activity and even more spending. This theory proposes that spending boosts aggregate output and generates more income. The magnitude of the Keynesian multiplier is directly related to the marginal propensity to consume. Keynes and his followers believed individuals should save less and spend more, raising their marginal propensity to consume
Three cases of avascular necrosis in COVID- recovered patients were found in a Mumbai hospital
After the outbreak of black fungus or mucormycosis among patients who recovered from coronavirus (Covid-19), avascular necrosis (AVN) – also known as death of bone tissues – has reportedly been detected in three patients in Mumbai. These patients – all aged under 40 – were treated at Mumbai’s PD Hinduja Hospital in Mahim, after they developed avascular necrosis(AVN) two months since their Covid-19 treatment. It is been reported that both avascular necrosis and mucormycosis have been associated with the usage of steroids. Recently, Dr Sanjay R Agarwala of Hinduja Hospital published a paper named ‘Avascular necrosis as part of Covid-19’ in the medical journal ‘BMJ Case Studies’ wherein along with doctors Mayank Vijayvargiya, and Prashant Pandey, he detailed the course of AVN diagnosis in the three patients. He stated that one patient – aged 36 was found with AVN 67 days since the diagnosis of Covid-19, while the other two – aged 39 and 37, were diagnosed with the condition 57 and 55 days later. All the patients were administered intravenous steroids as part of their Covid-19 treatment. Besides, the patients aged 36 and 37 didn’t have any history of hip pain. “At present, avascular necrosis (AVN) as a sequalae of ’long COVID-19’ has yet not been documented. By large-scale use of life-saving corticosteroids in COVID-19 cases, we anticipate that there will be a resurgence of AVN cases,” the paper by Dr Agarwala stated. This development comes after it was recently reported that Delhi hospitals are still treating more than 800 cases of black fungus which rose after the fourth wave of coronavirus in the national capital from April to May, data by Delhi government revealed. Notably, cases of black fungus increased significantly during the surge of infections between April to May in India, with as many as 18 states reporting over 5,000 cases.
What is Avascular necrosis ? Avascular necrosis is a disease that results from the temporary or permanent loss of blood supply to the bone. When blood supply is cut off, the bone tissue dies and the bone collapses. If avascular necrosis happens near a joint, the joint surface may collapse. This condition may happen in any bone. It most commonly happens in the ends of a long bone. It may affect one bone, several bones at one time, or different bones at different times.
What are the symptoms of Bone Death or Avascular Necrosis?
In the early stages, people feel no pain of AVN but as it progresses, it can affect your joint if and when you put weight on it. After a while, you will feel the pain even if you are lying down. AVN affects hips, groin, neck, shoulder, and knee.
Why More COVID Patients Are Succumbing to Bone Death?
AVN or bone death is associated with the usage of steroids. People who were hospitalized due to COVID and were put on steroid treatment are contracting AVN. Doctors are suggesting that COVID-19 recovered should get an MRI done if they feel any pain near the hip or thigh area.
What is the treatment for Avascular Necrosis (AVN)?
As per Times of India, a typical treatment plan for Avascular Necrosis or bone death is physiotherapy, blood thinners, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs to relieve the pain, exercises, and therapies.
Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam’s whole life journey is the inspiration of all. Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam was born on 15 October 1931 at Rameswaram in Tamil Nadu. His father was a boat owner and his mother was a homemaker. He came from a financially poured background and he used to distribute the newspaper to support […]
Every single person has a desire for something but they still live in the fear of feeling this fear leads into somewhere in the darkness and if you are that one person who lives with this fear of feeling the book that may help you overcome the fear and make you a man with positive thoughts.
The Power of subconscious Mind. The book is written by Dr. Joseph Murphy and it was published in 1962. This book is published in a lot of languages but English is the first language.
There are 20 chapters in this book and all these 20 chapters really important topics.
The very first chapter of the book says that there is a “Treasure house inside you” and that treasure house is your subconscious mind and there is infinite intelligence in your subconscious mind. If you are wondering that you can do something and if you are trying to find a solution to certain problems then you have to look inside yourself and you have to look inside your subconscious mind for the solution. Every the question has a solution the power of the subconscious mind solves any problem.
The very good example given in this book is “Autosuggestion”. Human beings are two types magnetize people and demagnetize people. Magnetize people who are in touch with their subconscious mind and they know how to draw it from there and the other hand people who do not have any idea about the subconscious mind and they don’t know that they have so much potential inside them they are the demagnetize people who do not achieve anything. It’s all about if you want to magnetize that is if you want to be aware of the power that resides in the subconscious mind of yours and that will make you a person who can achieve anything.
Another important point in this book is “Affirmative thinking” that is to affirm yourself that you can do anything and you can achieve any heights. This a very beautiful paragraph in this book and in that paragraph it’s written that your mind is like a garden whatever you sow you going to reap. So if you are sowing negative thoughts you can get negative results. By on the other hand if you can showing positive thoughts that you going to do great in life. There’s hard work you have to work hard to achieve success. But it’s the hard work is the only thing. Ex) there’s a lot of people working hard but is everyone successful not really. So working hard is only 80% of it 20% is yourself making aware of the power that resides on your subconscious mind so only then you will be able to give your 100%. There’s also a very important point in this book and it about “ Dreaming whatever you want to achieve”. So if you watch interviews of successful people then you will understand that all of them used to visualize themselves as successful people that they used to daydream. Daydreaming is about when you sit down and think and visualize yourself being successful that is if you want to be a CEO of a company you visualize yourself sitting in that chair of CEO. Only hard work does not work because hard work is only a part of if the other one is being positive thoughts that one day you are going to reach your dream it is affirming yourself.
There are also chapters in this book that speaks about “Healing of physical illness andmental illness”. So if you are dealing with anything you can read this book and understand how you can use the power of subconscious mind to heal yourself from any kind of illness. Theirs is also a chapters completely to wealth and success.This chapter tells you about the wrong approach that you have to wealth and success and if you actually apply the techniques that are given in this book and may be the chance that you will be able to get overcoming the financial issues. There’s also a chapter in this book that tells you about how scientists use the subconscious mind to transform their ideas into reality and there many examples in this book.
Another chapter there’s about “Sleepen orapproach to a sleep”. Usually we are tried and go to sleep and we think that instantly we completely switched it off we switched off our brain and we sleep but that is not really true our conscious mind is basically sleeps but subconscious mind is always awaken. The subconscious mind take care that you are still breathing, your heart is pumping, and your body is functioning properly, the food that you had in your dinner it gets digesting properly or not everything is taken care by our subconscious mind so if you are aware of the subconscious mind and if you are touch with it then all function will be working properly and that is why sleep is very important in that time conscious mind never intrudes and it’s never interface in the functioning of subconscious mind just before you fall sleep is the time when you think about all the positive things.
Another very important chapter in this book is about happiness and how you can achieve it happiness is something you have to decide sincerely from your heart. if you think that you never be happy you can never be happy because, happiness is the state of mind as you already here a lot of times before and that is true. You have to sincerely desire happiness you have to feel to yourself by the affirmative thinking you have to tell yourself self constantly that you will be happy that you choose to be happy and you will be able to sow the seed of positive thinking of happiness it is the subconscious mind and eventually be happy.
Achieving a certain goal will make you happy but, that happiness is going to be temporary because, you will set another goal for yourself and then you will wait for yourself to achieve that goal only then you will be happy. it doesn’t work like that it works in a way that it is constant process happiness is a constant choice we can choose every morning and every night.
You want to read a book only then you will understand in absolute depth. This book will change so much in you. This will change your mind, it will change your life.
Eduindex 
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