Child trafficking alludes to the abuse of girls and boys, essentially for labor work and sexual exploitation. Children account for 27% of all the illegal exploitation victims around the world, and two out of each three child victims are girls. Some of the time sold by a relative or an associate, in some cases baited by bogus guarantees of education and a “superior” life.
The reality is that they take advantage of children. They are held in slave-like conditions without sufficient food, haven or clothing, and are regularly seriously manhandled and cut off from all contact with their families. Every country on the planet is influenced by human trafficking, and subsequently, kids are compelled to exit school, hazard their lives and are denied of what each child deserves ,a better future.
We can stop this by supporting unprivileged children who are denied of legitimate education, health and shelter. It’s a child right to get legitimate education, heath and shelter fundamentally a superior living. We can do this by interfacing with NGOs which work in improvement of kids’ lives. We can donate cash, garments and different accomplices to them. Also strict action should be taken against those who are involved in this vicious crime. Children are future of a country if they are not safe then a country will never develop.
What do you mean by child trafficking? Child trafficking can be defined as any person under 18 who is illegally recruited, transported, transferred, harboured or received by threats, force, and coercion or inducing fear for the purpose of exploitation, either within or outside a country.
How does child trafficking happen? Traffickers manipulate children by using physical, emotional, and psychological abuse to keep them trapped.
What are the types of child trafficking? -Sexual Exploitation -Forced Marriage -Forced Labor -Criminal Activities -Benefit Fraud -Domestic Slavery
What are the laws against human trafficking in India? The Criminal Law (Amendment) Act 2013, known as the Nirbhaya Act has come into force wherein Section 370 of the Indian Penal Code has been substituted with 370A (IPC).
The process of finding out the sex of a foetus and then undergoing abortion if it is a girl is called Female foeticide.
Stop female foeticide
According to certain section of the Indian penal code for forced abortion ,causing death of an unborn child or intentionally preventing a child being born alive are punishable offence.
Besides this the prenatal diagnostic technique regulation and prevention of misuse act consider engaging and sex selective abortion using prenatal diagnosis technique are punishable.
Why I am killed by my parents Why?? Could I harm someone Or can I do something wrong If no then why I am killed by my parents Why they killed me Just tell me Were my dreams only for dying…? Was I meant nothing for you? Why your hand don’t tremble while taking my life? Why..? Please don’t kill me … I also wants to live I also want to enjoy every moment of my life Please don’t kill me Please….
Let them live
The natural sex ratio is assumed to be between 103 and 107, and any number above it is considered as suggestive of female foeticide.
Sex selection is a practice which takes place among some uneducated,poor sections or a particular religion of the Indian society.
According to the decennial Indian census, the sex ratio in 0 to 6 age group in India has risen from 102.4 males per 100 females in 1961, to 104.2 in 1980, to 107.5 in 2001, to 108.9 in 2011.
Child sex ratio is significantly higher in certain western and northwestern states such as Maharashtra, Haryana, Jammu and Kashmir (118, 120 and 116, as of 2011, respectively).
The western states of Maharashtra and Rajasthan 2011 census found a child sex ratio of 113, Gujarat at 112 and Uttar Pradesh at 111.
Urban India has higher child sex ratio than rural India according to 1991, 2001 and 2011 Census data, implying higher prevalence of female foeticide in urban India.
child sex ratio in major states in India throughout the years 1981, 1991, and 2001-Wikipedia
The following table presents the child sex ratio data for India’s states and union territories, according to 2011 Census of India for population count in the 0-1 age group.The data suggests 18 states/UT had birth sex ratio higher than 107 implying excess males at birth and/or excess female mortalities after birth but before she reaches the age of 1, 13 states/UT had normal child sex ratios in the 0-1 age group, and 4 states/UT had birth sex ratio less than 103 implying excess females at birth and/or excess male mortalities after birth but before he reaches the age of 1.
Due to male dominancy in society ,the male babies are preferred because they provide manual labour and success to the family lineage.
A son is preferred as an asset since he can earn and support the family but a daughter is a liability since she will be married off to another family or she will not contribute financially to her parent or due to dowry system.
Dowry is the payment from bride’s family to the groom family at the time of marriage.
Dowry is the main reason behind the female foeticide.
Dowry system legally ended with the dowry prohibition act of 1961 ,the impossibility of monitoring families and prevalence of corruption have led to its continuance all over India.
The advancement in technology is the major cause of female foeticide.
Some doctors do this act to fulfill their moneydesire
People in India usually see men’s work as “productive” and contributing the family, while the social perception of female labor does not have that connotation. This also ties to the fact that it is easier for men in India to get high paying jobs and provide financially for their families.
Role of panchayat members
Panchayat members should
give accurate information on the laws pertaining to this issue
find out where it is being practiced in the village and investigate it immediately
register all births and deaths under the purview of the panchayat
raise awareness about gender sensitivity through public education programmes
prevent female foeticide with assistance from the ANM and local mid-wife.
Increasing awareness of the problem has led to multiple campaigns by celebrities and journalists to combat sex-selective abortions.
“child labour” is often defined as work that deprives children of their childhood, their potential and their dignity, and that is harmful to physical and mental development.
Various causes of child labour like the curse of poverty, lack of educational resources, Social and economic backwardness, Addiction, disease or disability, The lure of cheap labour, Family tradition, Discrimination between boys and girls.
Why does child labour happen?
POVERTY When families cannot afford to meet their basic needs like food, water, education or health care, they have no choice but to send their children to work to supplement the household income.
LACK OF ACCES TO QUALITY EDUCATION School needs to be a welcoming environment, with appropriate class sizes, a curriculum designed for the local context, and affordable for rural communities.
LIMITED UNDERSTANDING OF CHILD LABOUR When families do not understand the dangers of child labour, and how these impact on the health, safety, well-being and future of their child, they are more likely to send their children to work.
Child labour act in India
Article 24 of the Indian constitution clearly states that, “No child below the age of fourteen years shall be employed to work in any factory or mine or employed in any hazardous employment.”
The Children (Pledging of Labour) Act, passed into law in 1933, is the first acknowledgment of the problem of child bondage.
“Science has learned recently that contempt and indignation are addictive mental states. I mean physically and chemically addictive. Literally! People who are self-righteous a lot are apparently doping themselves rhythmically with auto-secreted surges of dopamine, endorphins and enkephalins. Didn’t you ever ask yourself why indignation feels so good?”
~ David Brin
Introduction
Doping in sport is a widespread problem not just among elite athletes, but even more so in recreational sports. In scientific literature, major emphasis is placed on doping detection, whereas detrimental effects of doping agents on athletes’ health are seldom discussed. Human growth hormone also increases muscle mass, although the majority of that is an increase in extracellular fluid and not the functional muscle mass.
The term doping is widely used by organizations that regulate sporting competitions. The use of drugs to enhance performance is considered unethical, and therefore prohibited, by most international sports organizations, including the International Olympic Committee.
History
According to the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA), the term “doping” probably comes from the Dutch word “dop,” an alcoholic beverage made of grape skins that was used by Zulu warriors to make them stronger in battle.
Ancient Greek athletes used special diets and stimulating potions to improve performance, and 19th century endurance athletes indulged in strychnine, caffeine, cocaine and alcohol.
The American specialist in doping, Max M. Novich, wrote: “Trainers of the old school who supplied treatments which had cocaine as their base declared with assurance that a rider tired by a six-day race would get his second breath after absorbing these mixtures.”[8] John Hoberman, a professor at the University of Texas in Austin, Texas, said six-day races were “de facto experiments investigating the physiology of stress as well as the substances that might alleviate exhaustion.”
Effects of doping in sports
It builds muscle but causes abnormal growth, heart disease, diabetes, thyroid problems, hypertension, blood cancers and arthritis. Other adverse effects include joint pain, muscle weakness, visual disturbances, enlarged heart and diabetes.
Other side effects include:
Heart palpitations.Heart rhythm abnormalities.
Weight loss.
Tremors.
Mild high blood pressure (hypertension)
Hallucinations.
Stroke.
Heart attack and other circulatory problems.
Constipation.Skin rash or dermatitis.
Diarrhea.
Dizziness.
Drowsiness.
Dry mouth.
Headache.
Insomnia.
UFC ( Ultimate Fighting Championship ).
In December 2013, the UFC began a campaign to drug test their entire roster randomly all year-round. Random testing, however, became problematic for the promotion as it began to affect revenue, as fighters who had tested positive would need to be taken out of fights, which adversely affected fight cards, and therefore pay-per-view sales.
According to Steven Marrocco of MMAjunkie.com, about 31% of UFC fighters subjected to random testing since the program first started have failed due to using performance-enhancing drugs. That is approximately five failed tests for every sixteen random screenings.
From July 2015, the UFC has advocated to all commissions that every fighter be tested in competition for every card. Lorenzo Feritta, who at the time was one of the presidents of the UFC, said, “We want 100 percent of the fighters tested the night they compete”. Also, in addition to the drug testing protocols in place for competitors on fight night, the UFC conducts additional testing for main event fighters or any fighters that are due to compete in championship matches.
Good communication is very important to convey what is there in the mind. Whatever language, communicating in a understandable way is very important. communication today is very important both in the business world and in private life.
Even though the person is good at skills and is capable of doing things better, lack of communication degrades the skills and brings a negative mark on the person which is a bad thing for the individual.
Top 5 communication skills and How to improve them
Developing strong communication skills is essential when it comes to building a successful careee. Communication skills play a key role in your private life too. These 5 skills are absolutely necessary for sucessful commuincation in the workplace or private life.
1. Listening :
Listening is one of the most important aspects of communication. Successful listening is not just and understanding of spoken or written information, but also an understanding of how the speaker feels during communication. If a speaker can see and feel that someone is listening and understanding that can help build a stronger, deeper realtionship between interlocutors.
Careful listening can also create an environment in which everyone feels safe to express ideas, opinions and feelings, or plan and solve problems in a creative way.
2. Straight talking :
Conversation is the basis of communication, and one must not neglect its importanc. Even a simple, friendly conversation with colleafues can build mutual trust and even detect problems before they become serious. A healthy does of chatting with and unknown person can lead to a business opportunity . Be accessible and friendly because then you will be able to talk to almost anymore.
3. Non- verbal communication :
When we talk about things that matter to us then we send a lot of nonverbal messages. Non verbal signals are wordless communication, body position, facial experssion, hand movements, gestures, eye contact, attitude and tone of your voice, muscle tension and the way you breathe. The way you look, listen create, react, gesture , speaks far more about feelings than words will ever be able to.
4. Stress Management :
In small quantities, stress can be very useful and encouraging for work . However, when the stress becomes constant and completely begins to take effect, it can affect communication, clarity of opinion and appropriate behavior and action. When you are under stress you may misunderstand other people, send confusing nonverbal signals, and use funny patterns of behavior.
5. Emotion control :
In communication, feelings play an important role. Making decisions more often affects the way you feel than the way you think. Gudided by emotions, your nonverbal behavior affects the understanding of other people and how others understand and perceive you. Control of emotions provides you with tools to understand others, yourself and the messages you send. Though recognizing feelings makes it simple, many people have strong feeling like anger, sorrow, or fear being pushed under the carpet.
Importance of communication :
Communication thus helps understand people better removing misunderstanding and creating clarity of thoughts and expression. The communication brings people together, closer to each other. The communication is an important management function closely associated with all other managerial functions.
Everybody has their own way of communicating. It is influenced by cultural background, the way someone was raised, their gender, their temperament, and much more. At that point true communication may become utterly impossible. Sometimes we may have a difficult time understanding anothers feelings , needs and habits.
* communication serves four major functions with a group of organization :
* control
* Motivational
* Emotional expression
* Information
* communication serves five major purposes :
* to inform
* to express feelings
* to imagine
* to influence and
* to meet social expectations
For example:
For instance, if an individual is going to an interview with great confidence. An individual who is good at different kinds of skills, and also good at executing them and he is lack of communication skills. As the person is not a good communicator, the person faces difficulty in explaining the things to the other person which is known to him. Instantly, this brings a bad impression on the person and a negative mark will be marked on him. The negative mark has a lot to do with. The negative mark can also lead to the rejection of the person in the interview.
Being knowledgeable is very important to achieve certain goals in life, attaining good communication skills and being a good communicator is also equally important to achieve high in the life. Being a good communicator is not A big deal. It is so easy as the lifestyle. Any individual can be good communicator if he communicates all the time with other people in the possible way.
Human Trafficking is a major issue in India and Worldwide. Though, it has been there for ages, the reason for the need of immediate attention is the COVID – 19 Pandemic. The pandemic bought about various social and economicalchanges in India giving rise to human trafficking cases. The lockdown raised higher level of unemployment amongst daily wage earners. This further lead to effecting the economic background of such families, especially in the rural areas. Having no other source of income lead to desperation in people which made them promote human trafficking by sellingtheir children, making them beg for money and sending their children for child labour. Moreover, the closureofschools increased human trafficking cases as there was no source of education for children. This gave the families and opportunity to use the children economically for labour and wed their girl child at an early age to save the future expenses. Absence of schools further increased the burden on families as many rural schools provided mid-day meal to their students. Absence of which made the children a further burden on the families and an additional stomach to feed. This made them give their children away in a hope for a better future for them and food for their children.
Along with such cases, many organ removal cases in the name of covid cases were found. Many physically fit people with weak financial backgrounds were falsely shown positive for corona virus and later declared dead because of the same. It was found that many traffickers removed organs from such bodies and declared them dead. Hence, this issue is important in the current times and require more attention than ever.
Yes, it’s difficult to step outside and help in this uncertain times but we individuals can start from our homes. The family domestic help, house help, workers, etc belong to rural and economically weak family backgrounds. Hence, talking to them and knowing about their lives can help us get a clear picture of their situation. We can educate them andspread awareness about the wrongs that they might be exposed to. This knowledge might help them be aware and spread the words to different people in their families and neighbourhood, that in turn might create a huge impact on the society as a whole.
Many a times people give into such situations where they willingly promote human trafficking, out of desperation and helplessness. As in case of a daily wage worker who has no other means to support his family economically might sell his child to survive. Hence, it is important to make them aware about various other way where they might get financial help without getting trapped into such rackets. There are government supports yojanas and schemes where they help such people, but in order to get help it is important to know about the availability of that help and that can only be done through awareness. It may not change the entire world scenario but one step by every citizen might make a huge impact altogether.
In India child trafficking is a very serious issue. This is happening because there are a number of people who fall under the poverty level category and it is usually this demographic that is subject to child trafficking. The majority of the country’s trafficking problem is internal. This means that usually the most unprivileged families and disadvantaged people of the countries like the Dalits, religious minorities, tribal community members, and girls from different minority groups etc have to face this. Due to poor socio-economic situations, people take advantage of the poor parents and thereby leaving their children into such trafficking rings. The parents from these poor backgrounds assume that the children are going to live in better conditions but in reality, the children are kidnapped and taken advantage of.
What is child trafficking
Child trafficking is a practice where children are taken away from their family and later they are forced to beg on streets, do some form of work, used for sex or simply sold.
Child trafficking is linked to demand for cheap labour, especially where the working conditions are poor. Children are forced to do many dangerous stunts and also in illegal situations. Such works include slavery, domestic labour, sexual exploitation or prostitution, drug couriering and being turned into child soldiers. Those children are exposed to many dangerous situations like working in hazardous environments. Many are also denied the chance to reach their full potential because they don’t get an education or have the freedom to make their own choices. Children become separated from their families. They are left without protection and are easy prey for traffickers to exploit either by force or with false promises.
How many children are affected by child trafficking?
It is estimated that almost 21 million people are trapped in forced labour or slavery among which one in every four people are under the age of 18.
Almost 5.5 million children are victims of child trafficking around the world. They suffer violence, exploitation and abuse – ending up in work, forced marriage, prostitution, begging and armed recruitment.
Causes of child trafficking
Poverty Poverty is one of the main causes of child trafficking. Poor parents were sometimes forced to abandon their children in the hands of traffickers assuming that they would lead a happy life.
Humanitarian Crises Child trafficking is particularly prominent in areas struck by natural disasters.The countries where human rights are violated have a higher rate of child trafficking.
Lack of Education Illiteracy and the lack of education make families more vulnerable to traffickers.
Absence of Birth Registration The children whose births were never registered are the most threatened.
Lucrative Activity Child trafficking is extremely lucrative.
International Adoption International adoption is very common among infertile couples. Traffickers and dishonest adoption agencies take these advantages and they don’t get much trouble finding potential clients.
Use of Children Children are sold for the purposes of sexual exploitation, begging, soliciting, or for forced marriages. Their life comes to risk while doing construction work, working in factories, or are employed as domestic servants. Children are given a substantial sum of money to parents waiting to adopt.The sale of child organs is also a very infamous practice done by the traffickers. To earn a good living, many children agree to sell one of their kidneys for money.
Prevention of child trafficking
1. Foster the spread of education. 2. Spread awareness among parents and communities. … 3. Strict laws in place to prevent child trafficking. … 4. Encouraging business to not use child labour. … 5. We must support NGOs like Save the Children in the fight against trafficking.
On June 3rd, 2011 the world recorded one of the most mysterious disappearances of the 20-year-old Lauren Spierer following a night of drinking and alleged drug use at Kilroy’s Sports Bar. The only child of her parents, Charlene and Robert Spirier is presumably dead and the case remains a mystery. EARLY LIFE: Lauren was born on 17th January 1991 to an accountant, Robert Spirier and Charlene Spierer, a housewife. In Scarsdale, New York in the lower Westchester County. She graduated from Edgemont High School in 2009 and enrolled in Indiana University. Spierer studied textile merchandising and was highly active in the Jewish community in Indiana. The 20-year-old met her boyfriend Jesse Wolf and her friend Jay Rosenbaum and many others years earlier at Camp Towanda, a summer camp in Honesdale, Pennsylvania who later comprised her friend circle. THE NIGHT LAUREN DISAPPEARED: Rob and Charlene had no qualms about bidding their daughter Goodbye as they dropped her at Indiana for her freshman year. They considered it safe. But what they learned later during investigations was heart-jarring. Bloomington like other colleges has its dark sides. Many students complain of rampant alcohol abuse and a thriving drug scene of which Lauren was a part. She had been arrested for public intoxication nine months before her disappearance and later on police found a small amount of cocaine in her room in 2011 after she had disappeared. “It was a little bit of shock,” Charlene remarked about her daughter’s participation in the party scene. On the night of 2nd June Lauren was outlined to have a wild night with Corey Rossman, Rosenbaum’s neighbor. Seth Parker who was into Bloomington’s drug scene around that time said Corey told him later that Lauren and himself were partying and ‘pre-gaming’ at another apartment before heading to Kilroy’s at 1:46 a.m. according to surveillance footage. “They’re only about 30 minutes, but during that time, she leaves her shoes and her cellphone in the bar”, says former FBI agent Officer Brad Garrett. “I think this gives you some indication about how out of it she may be at this point.” Lauren and Corey left Kilroy’s and headed towards Smallwood Plaza Apartments, where her residence is located at 2:30 a.m. Zack Oakes, one of the four students they ran into in the hallway, notices the former’s level of intoxication and inquired if she was okay. “They don’t like the way Rossman is handling Lauren. And Rossman supposedly says something smart to him and this guy decides to deck him.” Officer Garrett said. “Rossman goes down.” After they left Smallwood, the pair made their way to Rossman’s apartment at 2:48 a.m. Surveillance cameras mounted on a nearby alley showed her exit the alley at 2:51 a.m. where the girl’s keys and purse were found. After some time Corey tosses her over his shoulder in a fireman’s carry. Once in Rossman’s apartment, he fell sick and went to bed according to his old roommate. The latter then took Spierer next door, to the apartment of another friend, Jason Rosenbaum.
Jay sees what bad shape Lauren is in and says, ‘Lauren lay down on the couch. Go to sleep. Go home in the morning.’ And she won’t do it, Garrett said. She says,’ I want to keep going, I want to go.’ Jay walks her to the door and he sees her walk up 11th street.” Reportedly he was the last person to see her alive. INVESTIGATION: In August 2011, police conducted a nine-day search of the Sycamore Ridge Landfill in Pimento for clues in the disappearance. Hundreds of volunteers also joined Lauren’s parents and authorities in a massive search that covered abandoned quarries, dense forests, and, in a last-ditch the effort, a local landfill. But they found nothing. The HLN show, Real Life Nightmare, detailed the Lauren Spierer case in an hourlong episode called “Night of No Return.” Spierer’s case has been covered in multiple podcasts, including Crime Junkie, True Crime Garage, Going West: True Crime, True Crime All The Time Unsolved, Trace Evidence, and Not Another True Crime Podcast. In April 2015, the Bloomington Police tried investigating a possible link between Spierer’s disappearance and the murder of another IU student, Hannah Wilson, who went missing on April 24, 2015, after visiting Kilroy’s. Wilson was last seen getting into a taxi in front of the bar and driving away. Her body was found the next morning in Brown County. A local man named Daniel Messel was arrested for the murder after his cell phone was discovered near the body. In July 2015, Dietl concluded that the two cases are unrelated and any similarities between the two cases were purely coincidental. Five years later the missing posters were all but gone around the Bloomington campus. But Rob and Charlene has not given up and quietly, the case is very much alive as Officer Garrett and the team of private investigators have turned up new witnesses, leads, and theories. THEORIES: 1) “When something happens to someone, it’s usually from their circle”, says the officer Brad. Hence, he started with those close to Lauren. • Jesse Wolfe helped with the searches initially but later his parents took him away which Robert thought was odd. No witnesses reported seeing Wolfe out that night and he claims that he was occupied watching NBA finals and went to ned around 2:30 a.m. according to his roommate. • The police took a DNA sample from Corey Rossman and he denied further involvement. He also claimed to have lost his memory after being slugged in Lauren’s apartment building. Now living in New York, he declined repeated requests to talk, though his attorney says that Rossman continues to cooperate which the police. 2) Stranger Abduction- The police have also acknowledged they have not ruled out the possibility of an abduction by a stranger. Spierer’s parents have previously stated that they do not believe her disappearance was a random abduction. 3)In 2017, Brown County prosecutor, Ted Adams, reported he believed Daniel Messel could be related to Spierer’s disappearance. In 2016, Messel was convicted of killing Hannah Wilson.
Wilson had only been reported missing for one day when her body was found in a desolate field; she had been bludgeoned to death. Messel’s cell phone was discovered at her feet. Messel has never been charged in connection with Spierer’s case. Ten-year elapses since Spierer’s death Robert and Charlene Spierer, still “emotionally raw,” in the words of Charlene, continue visiting Bloomington, to keep up the search. Given the case’s high profile, it is unlikely police will officially move the file into the cold-case drawer anytime soon. For now, at least, “leads are coming in from several different places,” says Robert Spirier. “It’s one continuous series of leads and information that, at one point, might fall into place.
Nowadays, we always hear about child abuse and there are many children being abused every year. There are many different from of abuse and many people do not realize them. They included, physical emotional, neglect and sexual abuse. Child abuse is when someone, whether through action or failing to act, causes injury, death, emotional harm, or risk of serious harm to a child. A problem that is only beginning to come into light in India rape, sexual abuse, and sexual harassment are worldwide issues of gender violence. There is very little research done in this area in India and only a few books have been written. Every year more than 3 million reports of child abuse are made in the United States. It’s a terrible epidemic that we at Childhelp are dedicated to put an end to. To do this, we need to first increase awareness of the issue itself.
First of all, let’s go to the physical abuse. Physical abuse of a child is when a parent or caregiver causes any non-accidental physical injury to a child. There are many signs of physical abuse. Physical abuse includes striking, kicking, burning, biting, hair pulling, choking, throwing, shoving, whipping or any other action that injures a child. Even if the caregiver didn’t mean to cause injury, when the child is injured it is abuse. Physical discipline from a parent that does not injure or impair a child is not considered abuse; however non-violent alternatives are always available. Physical abuse can result in: ●Bruises, blisters, burns, cuts and scratches ●Internal injuries, brain damage ●Broken bones, sprains, dislocated joints ●Emotional and psychological harm ●Lifelong injury, death.
Next, we proceed to the sexual abuse. Sexual abuse occurs when an adult uses a child for sexual purposes or involves a child in sexual acts. It also includes when a child who is older or more powerful uses another child for sexual gratification or excitement.
After that, we go to emotional abuse. When a parent or caregiver harms a child’s mental and social development, or causes severe emotional harm, it is considered emotional abuse. While a single incident may be abuse, most often emotional abuse is a pattern of behavior that causes damage over time.Child emotional abuse can be refereed to as a pattern of behavioral that impairs a child emotional development or sense of self worth. This may include constant criticism, threats or rejection as well as withholding love, support, or guidance. Emotional maltreatment is rarely manifested in physical signs. A few physical indicators of emotional maltreatment are speech disorders, lag in physical development and failure-to-thrive syndrome. The behavioral characteristics of emotional maltreatment are habit disorders, conduct disorders neurotic trait psycho-neurotic reaction behavior extremes (passive, aggressive, rigid reserved, demanding stubborn), and lag in emotional and intellectual, and attempted suicide. Four important causes emotional abuse are poverty, deficient parental control and non cordial relations within family, maltreatment faced by parents in their child hood or inter generational transmission of child maltreatment, and alcoholism of parents. A significant proportion of abusing parents were themselves abused as children Signs of emotional abuse in parent or caregiver: ●Routinely ignores, criticizes, yells at or blames child ●Plays favorites with one sibling over another ●Poor anger management or emotional self-regulation ●Stormy relationships with other adults, disrespect for authority ●History of violence or abuse ●Untreated mental illness, alcoholism or substance abuse.
Last but not least, we proceed to neglect. Neglect is defined as a type of maltreatment that refers to the failure to provide the needed age. Neglect can be in physical and educational. Physical neglect included not providing food or clothes, appropriate medical care and not proper weather protection such as protection from rain and heat from sun. While educational neglect included failure to provide appropriate schooling or special educational needs and not allowing excessive truancies. In sum, rape and sexual abuse of children in India is a large problem without an easy solution. Though the issue persists worldwide, India’s culture which traditionally keeps women below men, makes talk of private matters such as such unallowable, and a corrupt and weak legal system when it comes to rape makes the problems even larger. However, the situation could be improved by appropriately educating children and adults on sexual abuse, and educating police and strengthening laws. Further women’s empowerment may lead to healthy changes as well. While child abuse and neglect is a significant public health problem, it is also a preventable one. In order to protect children from this situation, it is necessary to develop preventive programs, to raise awareness of their families-teachers-community and to make legal arrangements. As the conclusion, prevent is better than cure. Child abuse leads to many bad effects not only for children that are being abused but also the person who abuse the children. We should prevent it from getting worse as the children today will be a leader for tomorrow.
INTRODUCTION The best phase of human life is childhood. It is the most innocent phase of our life. In this stage human foundations are laid for successful adult life. In this phase we spend the most cosy, carefree and tension free lifestyle. We pass our time by playing, and leading a tensionless fun life. But there are many children who spend their life supporting themselves instead of spending it in a carefree and fun-loving manner because for them learning and playing are scared and tormented. They are controlled & tortured by others.
They want to get out from this dark world but they are forced to stay in this world. This is the true story of the child labour. Child labour is term that we all heard about in news or in movies.
Child labour is a crime. In some underprivileged families who are suffering from poverty, children are forced to work from a very early age to support themselves economically because they expect their kids to take responsibilities of working and provide food for them. Industries and individuals take the advantage of their poverty and employ children to put them to work at very low payables.
They are forced to work for long hours in dangerous factories. Sometimes they are forced to carry heavy loads that weigh even more than their body weight.
Then comes some individuals’ who hire children in their house for domestic help. They are so rude that when the children make a single mistake they beat them and torture them physically.
Those children do not get proper food to eat or clothes to wear. Sometimes they are made to starve and given worn-out clothes to wear. This is the story of many children who are suffering in this cruel world. The average age for a child to be appropriate to work is considered 15 years or more, below this age limit won’t be allowed to indulge in any work forcefully. Child labour takes away the kid’s opportunity of having a normal childhood a proper education and physical and mental wellbeing in some countries. It is illegal, but still now it is practiced in many countries.
CAUSES OF CHILD LABOUR The main reasons for the ever-growing child labour are poverty and lack of education. The parents think that their children are money-making machines. To earn more money by getting sympathy from other people they carry infants on the street begging. Then when they grow up, they take them and eventually sell them to employers.This is a sickness that is rampant across the length and breadth of India But other than poverty and lack of education, many other reasons are also responsible for child labour. Firstly, it is common in those countries where unemployment is more than poverty. When the families are unable to earn enough money to support their lifestyle they put the children to work so they can have enough money to survive. At the same place if the adults are unemployed. The younger ones have to go to work. When people are illiterate then it is very common that they will send their children to work. This is because being uneducated all they care about is short term results due to which they send children to work even if the earning is less to survive their present . This destroys the future of children. They also remain uneducated and later after growing up when they start their own family they repeat the same thing as their parents did i.e., sending their children to work at an early age.
WORSTCONDITION FACED BY CHILD LABOUR
India is in the second-highest number of child labour after Africa. The worst employment bfir children is bonded child labour which is also known as slavery for lifetime. Indian Parliament passed an act on the bonded labour system in 1976 but in spite of this act people still keep on practicing this system. It is estimated that almost 10millions children are victims of the bonded child labour. They work as domestic servants in India. Apart from India, almost 55 millions of children are hired across the world for bonded child labour. The children are sold to money lenders as a payment of the money borrowed by their parents which they failed to return. Children living in streets, instead of going to school, work in streets as a beggar, or selling flowers. This also is an example of child labour of different category. They are made to stay without eating food for many days so that people feel sad for them and give some. Nowadays child labour couples who abuses child has become one of the greatest maladies across the world. Every year the number of child abuse increases especially in the case of the girl child.This usually happens when someone abuses a girl at home, then to hide this fact her family sell her to an employer or money lenders as domestic help or the girl gets married to a man older than her age.
ERADICATION OF CHILD LABOUR To eradicate child labour we should formulate some efficient solutions which will save our children. The future of other countries dealing with these social issues will also get enhanced. With the help of this one can create several unions that work to prevent child labour solely. It would help the children to indulge in this work and punish those who make them do it. Stakeholders must take responsibility Increased access to education Provide support for children Improve economic growth Engage with the Sustainable Development Goals
According to the report, the foremost common style of human trafficking (79%) is sexual exploitation. The victims of sexual exploitation area unit preponderantly girls and women. astonishingly, in half-hour of the countries that provided data on the gender of traffickers, girls frame the most important proportion of traffickers. In some components of the planet, trafficking girls is that the norm. Disadvantaged communities – Dalits, tribals, non-secular minorities – area unit most susceptible to trafficking. youngsters from underserved families are unit subject to trafficking within the style of forced kid labour and/or sex trafficking. many youngsters area unit lawlessly used in brick kilns, construction sites and agricultural fields. kid trafficking additionally takes kind once youngsters area unit forcefully engaged in beggary rackets and different such activities. several youngsters area unit sold by their folks to figure in factories and different industries that area unit extremely dangerous with cyanogenetic environments. excluding this, horrific stories emerge daily of young women being forced into the sex trade. folks of those youngsters area unit either betrayed or lured because of the poor socio-economic conditions that eventually compel them to ‘send’ or ‘sell’ their youngsters for ‘better living options’. Most traffickers exploit their lack of awareness, particularly once it involves the uneducated and poor living within the slums and different backward regions within the country. Traffickers promise daily wages to folks of young youngsters and transport them to huge cities wherever they’re typically treated as commodities. Families in dire monetary conditions area unit typically approached by traffickers with a suggestion to shop for their youngsters and with no different escape their pitiful conditions, folks abide by.
INTRODUCTION:- The situation in which a person remains underprivileged from the basic necessities of life is called poverty. The person does not have an adequate supply of food to eat, shelter to stay, and clothes to wear. Most of the people in India are suffering from poverty. They cannot afford to pay even for a single meal a day. They sleep on the roadside and wear dirty clothes. They do not get healthy and nutritious food. They don’t get any medicine and other necessary things either.
POVERTY IN INDIA:- CAUSES OF POVERTY The rate of poverty in India is increasing because urbanisation is increasing everyday. The people from rural areas are migrating to cities to find better employment. To provide the necessary needs of the family these people end up getting an underpaid job or an activity that pays only for their food. Most importantly, around crores of urban people are below the poverty line and many of the people are on the borderline of poverty.
Maximum people who are suffering in these poverty live in low-lying areas or slums. Most of the people are illiterate and for this reason in spite of efforts their condition remains the same and there is no satisfactory result.
There are many more reasons which can be said as the major causes of poverty in India. These causes include corruption, growing population, poor agriculture, the wide gap between rich and poor, old customs, illiteracy, unemployment and many more. Many people are engaged in an agricultural activity but in comparison to the earnings of other employees they get paid very less.
The more the population is, the more need of food ,houses and money. The deficiency in these needs results in the high growth of poverty. Thus as a result the difference and gaps between the extra rich and extra poor keeps on increasing.
The rich are growing richer and the poor are getting poorer resulting in the formation of an economic gap that is difficult to fill up.
EFFECTS Of POVERTY:- Poverty affects the lives of people in many ways. It has various effects like illiteracy, reduced nutrition and diet, poor housing, child labor, unemployment, poor hygiene and lifestyle, and feminization of poverty, etc. These poor people are unable to afford a healthy and balanced diet, nice clothes, proper education, a stable and clean house, etc. because all these facilities require money and they don’t even have money to feed two meals a day.
EFFECTS OF POVERTY ON CHILDREN:- Poverty in India impacts children, families and individuals in a variety of different ways through:
High infant mortality Malnutrition Child labour Lack of education High infant mortality Every year at least 1.4 million children die in India before their fifth birthday. In addition to Nigeria, Pakistan, the Democratic Republic of the Congo and China, India is one of the countries with the highest child mortality rates. Most frequent causes of death of children are Pneumonia, malaria and diarrheal diseases as well as chronic malnutrition.
Malnutrition India is one of the world’s top countries when it comes to malnutrition. In India most of the people cannot afford to pay for even one meal. More than 200 million people don’t get adequate quantities of food among which 61million are children. 7.8 million infants were found to have a birth weight of less than 2.5 kilograms.
Child labour – no time to play and learn As we all know, in India child labour for children under the age of 14 is prohibited by law, 12.5 million children between the ages of 5 and 14 are working. In reality, there are more than 65 million children between 6 and 14 years old who do not go to school. Instead, for the sake of their family and to secure survival it is believed that Indian children contribute to the livelihood of their families; they work in the field, in factories, in quarries, in private households and in prostitution.
Lack of education – no opportunities without education According to UNICEF, about 25% of children in India cannot afford education. The number of children excluded from school is higher among girls than boys. Under Indian law, women and men are treated equally but in the lower social caste girls and women are considered inferior. They are dominated by their fathers, brothers and husbands. The chances of finding a living wage from employment in India is virtually hopeless without education.
Due to poverty, many parents encourage early marriages for their daughters in hopes of better lives for them.
THE SOLUTIONS FOR ENDING POVERTY:- For solving the problem of poverty it is necessary for us to act quickly and correctly. Some of the ways of solving these problems are to provide proper facilities to farmers. So that they can make profit from agriculture and do not have to migrate to urban cities in search of employment.
Illiterate people can live a better life if they are provided with required training. Everyone should follow family planning to check the rise in population. We should take measures to end corruption, so that we can deal with the gap between rich and poor.
CONCLUSION:- Poverty is not the problem of a single person but also of the whole nation.. We should deal with it on an urgent basis by taking effective measures. Eradication of poverty has become necessary for the sustainable and inclusive growth of people, society, country, and economy. @track2traininginstitute
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