How India’s massive Election System works?

The world’s biggest democracy just had an election. The world’s biggest democratic election It’s a marathon election A mammoth undertaking It’s the world’s biggest exercise in democracy In India, voters picked its central government for the next five years. An eighth of the world’s population was eligible to vote in this election. In the year, 2019, there are 900 million eligible voters in India making this the largest Democratic exercise in the history of humanity.

In one of the largest and most populous countries in the world, that isn’t an easy task. India has to reach voters in coastal cities in the south, in the rural regions of the west, and jungles to the east and everywhere in between. And what’s more, they want every Indian citizen to be within 2 km of a voting station. That’s only about 25 city blocks no matter where you are in the country. It’s an incredibly ambitious goal and yet, somehow they’re able to do it. This is the biggest election in the world and I wanted to know how does it work. Every election a team of state officials and security forces, get on a ship within the east of India to require off towards this island. They travel about 100 km to get here, all to securely deliver these Electronic Voting Machines or EVMS, the instrument that logs India’s votes, the heart of this elaborate election process.

India has 2.3 million voting machines for its 900 million voters. So, getting these machines on the brink of every voter may be a big logistical undertaking. That’s why India doesn’t have one polling day , instead, it’s closer to an election month with multiple phases that last weeks. This process takes more than 11 million election officials and security forces, who move from polling station to polling station to polling station from densely populated cities to the rural areas where the majority of Indians live. Once on the island with the EVMs, officials pile on to bike carts and head towards the polling station. Once they arrive, they start setting everything up for the vote.

On Election Day, voters line up, cast their vote, and get their fingers inked to prevent double voting. This is where the process ends for the voters, but for the election officials this is just the beginning. Driving a boat out to a remote island is just one of many ways that officials reach every voter. India’s vast and diverse terrain requires transportation methods of all kinds, like in the jungles of this northern state where elephants transport voting machines to reach a remote town or in the Himalayas where officials hike for hours to bring EVMS for election day. Helicopters, trains, they even use camels. But what makes India’s elections so impressive is not just how they reach everyone in such an enormous country, that’s just half the battle. It’s also the ways they try to include voters of all backgrounds into the process, a challenge that has been a part of India’s elections since the very beginning. India has 22 official languages and hundreds of dialects and when India became an independent nation, less than a quarter of the population could read and write.

The newly formed Election Commission of India created a range of symbols to correspond to each political party, like an elephant, a lotus, a hand or even an alarm clock so that from the beginning all people regardless of literacy level and language could vote with confidence. Since 1947, the literacy rate has increased significantly, but it’s still only 75 percent, so these symbols are still useful to many when casting a vote. But this is a massive sprawling operation and over the years it’s run into some pretty serious problems like allegations of election rigging and problems with a practice called booth capture, where gangs actually take over polling stations and tamper with the elections. It’s partly because of these problems that the Commission introduced these voting machines in the 1990s.

It also increased security around the elections. These efforts to include all voters and protect elections seem to be working. In 2019, India saw the highest voter turnout yet and for the firsttime women voted just as much as men. India’s elections are only getting bigger and more complicated. India has one among the fastest growing populations within the world. and in 2020, young people will make up more than a third of the country. This is the most important election within the world that takes many officials fanning out across a huge country to assist many millions vote.

Importance and Types of “LOGOS”

What is a logo? In simple words it is a face of a company. They have to work at tiny sizes, and huge. There are four specific types.
First type is the Wordmark. “the wordmark is the easiest one. And it’s the one we’re all the most familiar with. I mean John Hancock’s signature is quite a word mark. It can look crisp clean and modern just like the new Google logo looks. Or it can look somehow that it’s roots during a shared heritage the way the Coca Cola logo looks.

The second is PICTORAL. “Pictoral logos often function as a sort of rebus. It’s a picture, and it’s identifying the name of the company. Sometimes directly like Target. Sometimes indirectly like LaCoste.

The third kind is kind of the holy grail. As a designer people will come to me and they’ll say i would like something just like the Nike. They think the Nike swoosh was the Nike Swoosh the day it had been drawn. But it had been nothing the day it had been drawn.” the corporate that birthed nike commissioned a design student named Carolyn to draw some ideas. The Nike founders didn’t really like it, it wasn’t an overnight success. Then they started putting it on the sides of shoes. The shoes were good then the genius of Nike’s marketing apparatus made us further associate that product not merely with performance athletic gear but with the very idea of athletic achievement itself. That’s exactly how religious symbols work – it’s obviously not just anything inherent in about these shapes, but what these shapes have come to represent within the minds of the people who are looking at them.

Fourth sort of logo that goes beyond these three types, and may use elements of every of them: the brand System. A kind of framework, but one which will have endless permutations. The first huge, popular example of the brand system would be MTV. But google’s daily “doodles” are another great example the brand system – a well-known mark that can also point to other ideas and issues. This approach all has got to do with technological change. It wont to be if a corporation was doing a logo there’d be this operation by which it might be inscribed on all their equipment and on their airplanes and their retail facilities and gold pins and cufflinks would be made for the chief suite and placed on spitoons in ashtrays, the highest of the skyscraper, and everyone’s business card. Nowadays none of that’s important as an email signature or your twitter avatar or the small thing that sits next to your URL.

The logo really reminds people that’s what our priority is today but at the top of the day, no matter the form , style or system, it’d not matter what the logo is. It really is about thinking of those symbols as being empty vessels during a way. And then you pour the meaning into them. Some vessels are better at holding one quite meaning. They think they’re judging a diving competition, but actually of these organizations are in swimming competitions. It’s not what quite splash you create once you hit the water. It’s about how long you’ll keep your head above that water. Logos got to have an extended life, not win points during a discussion. 12 years after the birth of the nike logo, Nike came back thereto graphic design student Carolyn with a present a Nike ring together with her own trademark on it with an undisclosed amount of Nike stock.

8 Genuine ways to earn money from your home!!!

Here are some of the genuine ways to earn in your spare time without any investment.

Transcriber: average earnings per month is hundred and fifty. All you need is actually to have a good pair of headphones and of course you need to get stored to type there now there is a few other sites so you can’t only rely of course on hundred and fifty dollars average earning per month but if you are good at this you can actually earn of course much more but what you can do is you can become a transcriber. rev.com is another site here as a transcriptionist you can anywhere from 24 to 90 cents per audio/video minute basically you can be a video captioner also which is pretty much the same here and you can earn anywhere from 45 cents up to 75 cents.
Micro tasks you can do this on my.com in your spare time you get paid for completing simple tasks here so it can be anything from like tagging objects here helping companies select the best picture the audit user classifying you can see that there is tons of opportunities. Rapidworkers.com is another site where you can earn a decent amount just by doing some micro taskes.
Data entry jobs on Amazon on rapid workers there is micro workers also but there is also assigned like a clickworkercalm.com. You just sign up for a free account and you work independently your schedule is flexible and all you need is a computer and of course and/or a mobile device with an internet connection and it’s totally up to you how much you want to work. You can do text creation, copy editing, research surveys, mystery visit, app testing and photo capturing a lot of opportunities that you can earn money from the comfort on clickworker.com.
Virtual assistant one of my favorite sites is virtual assistant jobs calm and basically you can apply for data entry, call center whatever comes into your mind you can get started here and apply and search for it you might be available only to do this on part time so you can search for part-time flexible with contracts. Jobs.com helps us out there by providing all types of virtual assistance jobs.
Online tutoring if you’re good at something math or English or something like that one side is a shag.com , VIP kid teachers.com which is basically they teach English here and you can earn up to twenty two dollars per hour teaching. There are many students who want to learn extra and out of their books so here comes opportunity by teaching them.
Freelancer totally depends on your skills. There is other popular freelance sites like upwork.com there is freelancer.com there is people per hour so a lot of options actually that you can apply for here as a freelancer. Freelancing is one of the best option as you can work also on your niche and can enhance it for future use.
Affiliate marketer and the good thing with affiliate marketing is that you don’t have to deal with shipping you don’t have to deal with anything at all. You need is just grab a link and promote that offer whatever it is and of course you earn a commission okay so one of the most popular platforms is Clickbank.com. They have thousands of products here probably one of the most popular niches will be health and fitness. You just grab a link here and what you do is you use this link to promote it you can use something like bitly to shorten this ugly link of course and then all you need to do is drive traffic to this offer. Amazon is another option that you can make money as an affiliate marketer they have millions of products here that you can promote ok you can earn a commission from anything you promote inside Amazon here so it works the same way it totally depends on your niche here how you can drive traffic to it.
Sell stuff on eBay you have available that you don’t use at your home you can get stored there to sell this or you can actually use this platform to buy something and sell it much higher. So, you can be a sort of a middleman here so this is another option tons of ways and opportunities to make money eBay and you can of course do this from your home without any investment.

Day to Day Sings & Symptons…DAY 1 to 22

Day to Day Signs and Symptoms of Coronavirus DAY TO DAY SYMPTOMS OF COVID-19 Before proceeding, please note that this general overview is compiled for initial self-assessment only and should vary for each individual. If you are not feeling well, you ought to immediately consult a medical man to possess an accurate diagnosis and proper treatment of COVID-19. The typical daily symptoms are concluded from the study of 138 patients at Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University and another study involving 135 patients from Jinyintan Hospital and 56 patients from Wuhan Pulmonary Hospital.

These symptoms are broken down into:

DAY 1 to DAY 2 the start symptoms are almost like the cold with a light pharyngitis and neither having a fever nor feeling tired. Patients can still consume food and drink as was common .

DAY 3 The patient’s throats start to feel a touch painful. Body temperature reads at around 36.5° celsius. Although it’s uncommon, other symptoms like mild nausea, vomiting or mild diarrhea are possible to set in.

DAY 4 Throat pain becomes more serious. Other symptoms like feeling weak and joint pain start to manifest. The patient may show a temperature reading between 36.5° to 37° celsius.

DAY 5 to DAY 6 Mild fever starts. The patients show a temperature reading above 37.2° celsius. The second most common symptom, dry cough, also appears. Dyspnea or breathing difficulty may occur occasionally. Most patients during this stage are easily feeling tired. Other symptoms remain about the same. These four symptoms are among the top five key indications of COVID-19 according to the final report of the initial outbreak conducted by the joint mission of China and WHO.

DAY 7 get more serious coughs and breathing difficulty. Fever can get higher up to 38° celsius. Patients may develop further headache and body pain or worsening diarrhea if there’s any. Many patients are admitted to the hospital at this stage.

DAY 8 to DAY 9 On the 8th day, the symptoms are likely to be worsened for the patient who has coexisting medical conditions. Severe shortness of breath becomes more frequent. Temperature reading goes well above 38°.

DAY 9 is that the average time when Sepsis starts to affect 40% of the patients.

DAY 10 to DAY 11 Doctors are ordering imaging tests like chest x-ray to capture the severity of respiratory distress in patients. Patients are having loss of appetite and should be facing abdominal pain. The condition also needs immediate treatment in ICU.

DAY 12 to DAY 14 For the survivors, the symptoms can be well-managed at this point. Fever tends to urge better and breathing difficulties may start to cease on day 13. But Some patients should be suffering from mild cough even after hospital discharge.

DAY 15 to DAY 16 Day 15 is the opposite condition for the rest of the minority patients. The fragile group must prepare for the possibility of acute cardiac injury or kidney injury.

DAY 17 to DAY 19 COVID-19 fatality cases happen at around day 18. Before the time, vulnerable patients may develop a secondary infection caused by a new pathogen in the lower respiratory tract. The severe condition may then lead to blood coagulation and ischemia.
DAY 20 to DAY 22 The surviving patients are recovered completely from the disease and are discharged from the hospital.

STAY HOME & STAY SAFE

Negotiating- The Art, a small story!!!

I think there is an art to it it’s a craft, the negotiating training this morning in the office and the reason, negotiating it be is because it’s the one area of the deal where people need me the most and they need me the most they think I have the most confidence and the confidence that I have going to the deal comes from experience and it comes from honestly – practice practice practice because no matter what you’re selling you’re selling. Two different people you’ve got a seller and a buyer and in every negotiation you’ve got price you’ve got pressure and you’ve got persistence those are the three P’s remember that is it can be a nice little instructional.

An iPhone cost to make now you’re not going to negotiate the price of an iPhone because there’s too strong demand but let’s say there wasn’t strong demand then you can negotiate or you can find a retailer who’s going to sell it to you for cheaper because it doesn’t cost nearly as much to make that phone. As it does for you to buy it real estate is the same way a deal that’s listed from 10 8 down to 10 so 10 million bucks the offer originally came in at 8 million dollars okay that seems like it’s way too far apart. If I go to the seller he’s going to say you got to come up they’re going to say oh no this is my offer so what do you do what do you do you remember the price you want to try to get – which in this instance was around 8 and a half that’s where we thought we’d get a deal done and the legacy price what the seller paid seller paid six point five. So, even at our low terrible awful offer that sellers making money that’s a good thing to remember and to consistently remind each side and then you let time saturate the emotions of the deal and you use repetition you only paid six five even if this bullshit offer you’re making money.

There are clients who are losing million and they use pressure right the fear of a falling market and the fear of missing out every seller fears they’re not going to get their price going forward because maybe the market could change every buyer has a little fear that they’re going to lose it a little fear they’re going to miss out and then you’re trying to find the price in the middle where both sides will say we came to that number because that’s the max or the minimum that I’m willing to go to get this deal done.

PLANNING- process and importance

WHAT IS PLANNING?????
Planning is a common term which focuses on pre deciding the things which we have to do later. Not only deciding the things but also planning includes thinking of the ways by which we can complete a particular plan successfully. It is an important parameter of the management and we need to plan things in the every sphere of life so that we can go on accordingly. Planning is the combination of creativity and innovation. Planning is done to perform any task effectively and efficiently so that there is no hurdle between the complete process of the task which we wish to perform. In the business world, it is said that planning acts as a bridge to reach the position where we wish to reach.
STEPS OF PLANNING
Planning is not an easy task rather it is a combination of several steps. The complete process of planning has been divided into 7 different steps which are mentioned below –

To set objectives i.e. to decide where we aim to reach. It is basically aiming the destination. Every organization has some targets and thus has to complete them so setting objectives is the first and important step of the planning process.
To develop premises i.e. to set assumptions. No work is completed without a risk and assuming things. So premises are basically assuming what can be done. So making those assumptions is the next step.
To identify alternative courses of action is the third step i.e. once the objective has been set and assumptions have been made, then it is the time to identify and think the proper course of actions which must be performed to reach that particular aim.
To evaluate alternative course i.e. to think of the advantages and disadvantages of each course of action and to find what alternative can work for it if that would not happen.
The next step is to select the best alternative which would be suitable according to our aim. The best plan is adapted and implemented.
The next step is to implement the actual plan which has been thought of yet. This is the step where actually planned course of actions take place and where actually the work is done by the individuals.
The next and final step of the process of planning is to follow-up the actions. In this step all the validation and verification occurs that whether the planned process is going on with the same flow or not. Also it is seen that whether the plan needs any change or it should go on like that only.

IMPORTANCE OF PLANNING

Planning tends to reduce the uncertainty of occurring a process.
It is very essential to provide a proper direction to the plan.
Planning helps to promote innovative ideas and thus the planned work is done more efficiently.
Planning helps in decision-making and dividing the equal amount of work to each individual of the group or team.
Planning reduces confusion at any level of the process.
Planning helps in setting some goals and thus an organization does better work.

ATTITUDE v/s EGO…The real life stories…!!!

Attitude is a huge thing and small part of Attitude is EGO, Example if Attitude is a Continent then Ego is just a small country in it Attitude can be divided into two parts first Right attitude and Second is Wrong attitude people get confuse between ego and attitude because ego is the part of wrong attitude but the best part is that you can be a good attitude person without having an ego. Likewise, Every Indian is an Asian, but every Asian will be an Indian is not compulsory similarly,

“every Egoistic person will for sure have Attitude, but person who has Attitude doesn’t have Ego”.

Hence even you should be a person who has attitude you shouldn’t be a person who is egoistic or who has a bad attitude (wrong attitude) Now let’s talk about definition, Attitude shows what we think about other things How we feel and how we respond in any situation whereas Ego always allow us to think about our self-esteem and self-importance for example, person who has a Good Attitude will say No matter what happens I will win whereas an Egoistic person will say, that no matter what happens no one can beat me Good attitude person will live life as if he is the king of the world. Whereas bad attitude person lives a life as if everyone is their slave and everyone should always obey them.

Now let’s talk about today’s Book summary which is related to this Topic Author Ryan has accomplished huge successes in a very young age he was only 19 years when he became the youngest executive in the Talent Management Agency who later did signing of big rock bands, and also did consulting for many books which was sold in millions at the age of 21 he was the marketing director of an amazing Company AMERICAN PAREL. At the age of 25 he was also the best selling author everything was so perfect, but suddenly one day time changed and everything changed in his life he lost everything, he started failing in his life, he made a tattoo in his hand, he tattooed the most important reason of his failure in his hand so that he never forget that and should never repeat that same mistake in his life and can avoid such failure again.

The tattoo which he made in his hand was “EGO IS THE ENEMY” because his ego was the main and the most important reason for his failure and that reason he never wanted to forget Ryan defines Ego as an unhealthy belief which make us obsessed about self-importance. Ryan says that ego is “something which converts our Confidence to Arrogance Ego is that dangerous thing which ruins or destroys our long term goals by just giving us short term satisfaction, and by making us feel; superior from others for just for short time and such ego is not at all right”. Author says that every person in their lives always stays in one stage out of three first stage is ASPIRING, second is SUCCEEDING and third is FAILING:

Either person is aspiring, means working on something in order to achieve something in his life wanted to become something in his life.
Either person has already achieved in his life, means he already faced success.
Either person is failing in his life, he is not able to achieve anything huge in his life.

Now the biggest obstacle which stands firm in front of us during all three stages to defeat us is nothing but our OWN EGO. Now let’s see how EGO Comes between all three stages to destroy our goals:

1.Aspiring, Rohit has seen a video related to body building he loved that video, hence he decided that he will for sure become a bodybuilder no matter what happens after deciding. On first day he started posting workout pictures on social media pages by NO PAIN NO GAIN #WORKINGONMYDREAMS with this he started showing off more than his actions, he do less and show more after few days his entire motivation goes down, and he return to his normal life. Well this happens to many people and the reason for this is EGO Our Ego always makes us think what others are thinking about us therefore instead of taking maximum action for our goal completion. We started doing easy things to impress others such has we started talking more, we start uploading pictures on social media pages which in reality nor impress others not even allow us to complete our goals because in show off and talking same resources are required which is needed to complete our actual goals, which is our time, mental physical health /energy and our will power and mostly we use all these and finish it just by showing off and talking. Hence it will be best if you avoid wasting your energy on talking and in thinking about it all day, start using that same energy in taking action and in completing your goals.

2.Succeeding, at age 18 Howard Hughes took the biggest decision. He gave money to his relatives and bought 100 percent shares of his family business and became owner of that company. It was an Oil drill bit company this was the very bold decision because he wasn’t much aware about the business but still it proved to be the most brilliant move of his, Hughes shifted that company from 1 million dollar to 1 billion dollar he became very successful. His overconfidence or can say his Ego destroyed his success his ego made his career the most embarrassing the most dishonest and waste career in the history. The first huge Success of Hughes made him believe the he is very talented and he can be successful in any business, hence he get into Aviation field, film making and in stock market, and in every field he faced a huge loss in fact a biographer has shown Hughes end life in his book like he was sitting in his favorite chair naked, without taking care of his health, without bathing he was fighting with lawyers with investigators, investors by hiding his every wrong doings. So, that he doesn’t lose his everything Hughes Ego was the reason for his embarrassing end even after getting success he failed miserably most of the time when people get success, then their ego shift them from humble and learning person to overconfident person about their capabilities therefore they failed to maintain their success and hence they lose everything in their lives.

3.Failing, after many scandals and 300 million loss, company gave two options to American Apparel Founder Dove Chaney, first option to resign as a CEO from the company and to work as Creative Consultant and for that he will get a good pay or salary, and second to resign and completely leave the company at that Time Dove rejected both options and chose the third and the worst option which was to FIGHT. He filed a case against his company, he sue his company, instead of searching a better CEO for a company. He made that company to reach to bankruptcy his ego didn’t allow him to think better for his company instead he destroyed his company as well as himself because after that case his life was so devastated that he used to sleep on his friend couch because he was bankrupt, had no money. Ego is something which never allow us to understand our own shortcomings and faults just like an alcoholic who feels the whole world is doing wrong with him. He himself does the worst for himself, without realising that he is the biggest enemy of himself. Similarly, when we fail to achieve something, at that time instead of taking responsibility our ego starts making excuses starts blaming world and others our ego blames and make excuses so that our respect doesn’t decrease hence we do everything but never realize our mistakes and shortcomings because of which we fail to overcome it and fail to get success and achievements in our lives.

ANTI-CELL WALL ANTIBACTERIAL DRUGS

Selective toxicity is the important characteristic of antimicrobial drugs which means that any drug is selective against a particular microorganism and also selectively act on a particular site. Not all drugs can act on every site. There are many sites at which any drug acts such as cell wall, cell membrane of the bacterial cell. Basically selective toxicity explains that any drug will only act on the pathogen and not on the host.
ANTI-CELL WALL DRUGS
Anti-cell drugs are those drugs which act on the cell wall of the bacterial pathogen and not the host. There are variety of drugs which fall under this category. The major class is of beta-lactam antibiotics among which penicillin is the drug which is studied the most. The drugs can be administered into the patient’s body by different ways like intramuscular, intravenous, or can be applied as topical preparations. But mostly, these drugs are intramuscular or intravenous drugs. The following points explain the further different mechanisms of anti-cell wall drugs.
There are 3 different mechanisms by which anti-cell wall drugs work and thus they are also classified as following:

First classification involves the drugs that directly interact with Penicillin-Binding-Proteins (PBPs) and inhibit the transpeptidase activity which in turn inhibits the attachment of newly formed peptidoglycan subunit to the pre-existing one.
This is the main mechanism of β-lactam antibiotics. These antibiotics include Penicillin (penams), cephalosporins, Penems, Carbapenems, and monobactams.
These antibiotics bind to the penicillin-binding proteins which are enzymes present in the bacterial cell wall. Different β-lactam antibiotics bind in a different way. After the antibiotics bind to the enzyme, it changes the morphological response of the bacteria to the antibiotic.
Second classification involves the drugs that bind to the peptidoglycan subunit, blocking different processes.
The important class of compounds called as glycopeptides are mainly involved in this mechanism of anti-cell wall antibiotics.
Vancomycin and Teicoplanin are the major examples of glycopeptide antibiotics.
Vancomycin kills only gram-poitive bacteria whereas Teicoplanin is active against both. The overall mode of action of glycopeptides antibiotics is blocking transpeptidation i.e. similar to β-lactam antibiotics, they also inhibit the transpeptidase activity, and transglycosylation i.e. they being large in size attach to the peptidoglycan subunits thus creating a blockage which does not allow the cell wall subunits to attach to the growing peptidoglycan backbone.
Third classification involves the drugs that block the transport of peptidoglycan subunits across cytoplasmic membrane.
The main example of such type of drugs is bacitracin, which is a simple peptide antibiotic originally isolated from Bacillus subtilis.
The mode of action of these class of drugs is blocking the activity of specific cell membrane lipid carriers which act as the attachment surface for peptidoglycan precursors and help in their movement from cell cytoplasm to exterior of the cell. This activity of lipid carriers is inhibited by bacitracin like drugs and they finally prevent the incoroporation of those precursors into cell wall thus inhibiting its biosynthesis.

Although, its route of administration is mostly oral or intramuscular, bacitracin is also known to show its effects when used as topical ointments like Neosporin.

The Shadow Lines: A review of the Major Experiment by Amitav Ghosh

The shadow Lines by Amitav Ghosh

Publisher: Penguin Random House PVT India

Publication date: 22nd April 2009

Book-length -288

ISBN 10- 0143066560

ISBN 13-980143066569

Price- 350

“Everyone lives in a story…. because stories are all there to live in, it was just a question of which one you choose”.The Shadow Lines is a major experiment of Amitav Ghosh. He uses an anonymous narrator to create a bildungsroman where the boy-hero slowly weaves memories and reality together in a way that it creates an infinite bond between two continents and three countries. the boy-hero moves backward and forwards in time and bits and pieces of stories by breaking the chronological exploitation of time. The author keeps explaining his half-remembered and half-imagined thoughts until he comes to realize and understand the interconnected picture of the world where borders and boundaries mean nothing and are mere shadow lines that we draw dividing people and nations from each other physically and psychologically. Therefore, in this narrative, Ghosh asks an overwhelming question- which is woven into the title. Is there anything called the border that separates one man from another? Is the border artificially constructed?

About border, or shadow lines, Ghosh says: “ They had drawn their borders, believing in that pattern in the enchantment of lines, hoping perhaps that once they had etched their borders upon the map, the two bits of land would sail away from each other like the shifting tectonic plates of the prehistoric Gondwanaland. What had they felt, I wondered when they discovered that they had created not a separation, but a yet-discovered irony- the irony that killed Tridib”.

Structurally the novel has two parts. The first part is called ‘Going Away’ and the second one is ‘Coming Home’.Calcutta as the center there are several departures followed by sometimes pleasant and sometimes unpleasant returns. All these have been depicted through a cluster of memories by the narrator. The narrator’s consciousness becomes the center around which a web relation is woven, by using the stream of consciousness technique.

The characters in this novel blend memory and desire in such a way that it becomes difficult to separate the dream from the real, the memory from the fantasy. This trend is present in all characters like Tha’mma, Ila, Tridib, but the narrator Tha’mma and Ila are presented in contrast. Tridib is a bohemian character, who is the narrator’s hero and ideal above everybody in this novel. Tha’mma is an iron lady, Ila is also a vague character, and childhood crush of the narrator. As time goes character changes, reality changes.

The book is worth reading because it has a vivid depiction of the partition time, the riots, the broken heart, the unsatisfied desire, and every subtle element to fetch the reader to read the book. But I felt some parts of the book a bit monotonous and vaguely explained which makes the story uncomfortable to read. The author’s travel from the present to the past, reality to the imagination is a bit complicated. When the author was giving a description of May’s home, pictures, the world war, bullet holes on the wall in London, I had to pay extra attention and read those twice or thrice the time to under this as a whole. Otherwise, by the material, it is another masterpiece by Amitav Ghosh and a “must-read” book also.

The Easiest is to be Happiest😃…How to be happy???

To live by is that one day you will be gone it may be in 50 years it may be in 50 weeks it may be next week or even today. I don’t know you don’t know nobody knows and rather than live in fear of this we should embrace the fact that this life is short and unpredictable knowing this we must live fully today it’s not a recipe for recklessness rather a recipe to offer your all today to offer your absolute best today in everything you do to give your greatest energy. To this day to your family to everyone you encounter today it’s a reminder for you to go away your best self in each moment what if they couldn’t speak to you tomorrow what if you were gone tomorrow what would they speak of you what are you able to do this will leave an enduring positive memory within the lives.

two men laughing — Photo by Ketut Subiyanto on Pexels.com

There is nothing you cannot be do or have if there has been someone even one person on this planet that has done it before that means you can – it doesn’t mean it will be easy but it does mean it is possible and as long as it is possible you can work towards it you can make a plan learn what must be finished you to measure your craziest most abundant life a life most would consider impossible.
Nothing is worth it if it doesn’t make you happy if it doesn’t a make you happy or B make you better don’t make time for it now before and if you jump on this let me clarify nothing is worth it if it doesn’t make you happy. It means if it doesn’t make you happy now while you’re doing it or it isn’t going to make you happy as a result of doing it most likely is not worthwhile almost everything worth fighting for goes to need a true fight to win an excellent prize. You will need to suffer and sacrifice for nearly anything worthwhile in life but you ought to ask yourself this question about everything you are doing in your life does this make me happy if the solution is not any ask yourself will this sacrifice i’m making cause more happiness within the future if not you ought to let it go.

student with documents and laptop happy about getting into university — Photo by Ketut Subiyanto on Pexels.com

Be yourself always no exceptions it’s such a tragedy to see so many people on this planet living lives they don’t want to live just because they listen to other people who did an equivalent the sole way you’ll live happy during this life. The only way you’ll achieve success is that if you be you let me repeat that because perhaps it’s the foremost important thing you’ll ever apply to your life the only way you can be happy in this life the only way you can be successful is if you will never be truly happy in life. If you are constantly doing things to please others to compete with others or to be like another you are unique and that is your greatest gift when you follow your own path regardless if that matches in with others you open up space for nice things to enter your life compare yourself to nobody compete with no other make your own decisions and it’ll cause your greatest vital principle .
Everything you would like is already within you during this world we see endless samples of people that seemingly have it all materially speaking but they’re empty inside things will never complete you people will never complete you no matter what Terry McGuire says “needing nothing attracts everything”. When you come from an area of needing nothing of seeking nothing outside yourself to form you cheerful you open up space for more amazing things to enter your life and if things don’t come that’s fine you don’t need them real happiness is never found outside of us it is not found in possessions or wealth happiness is always and only found within us. It is a state of mind never forget this happiness is the highest level of excess do what feels good the rest will follow principle.

happy children lying on bed with father — Photo by Ketut Subiyanto on Pexels.com

there’s no room for toxic people but there is never-ending space for positive energy and positive people surrounding yourself. With energy killers is one of the worst things you can do if you want to live a happy fulfilled and successful life unfortunately not everyone including families and friends will share an equivalent positive energy you’ve got some will take a short time some might never get there allow them to run their own race, while you specialise in living your own happiness. Those who are truly aligned with you’ll never hold you back from living the life you would like to measure don’t ever dim your lights to suit in with others shine bright those that see your spark will shine with you remember you can’t live an excellent life a cheerful life if you surround yourself with toxic people.
Whatever you focus on you will find if you search for negativity in this world you will find plenty of it. If you look for hate anger violence and sadness you’ll find it but an equivalent is true on the flip side if your only intention is to look for the great you’ll find only the great whatever meaning you give your life becomes your life. It can be a failure or a lesson heartbreak or character building life is against you making you stronger because there is no such thing as reality we choose our own reality by the meaning we give each moment in our lives make it your intention to seem for the great in your life, to note the great in others to be grateful for what you do have to see challenges as opportunities.

happy young woman opening cosmetic bottle while standing against white background — Photo by Karolina Grabowska on Pexels.com

GRAM STAINING

Bacteria can be classified into two different categories i.e. gram-positive bacteria and gram-negative bacteria. To differentiate the type of bacteria present in any collected sample there is a technique known as GRAM STAINING OR GRAM STAIN. It is sometimes also known as gram’s method. This technique is a different step process which can easily distinguish and classify between different types of bacteria. This was named after the great scientist Hans Christian Gram.
Gram Staining method differentiates bacteria on the basis of their physical and chemical structure of cell wall. They are stained with different reagents and are observed in different colors when seen under the microscope. It is due to the fact that gram positive bacteria have a thick layer of peptidoglycan which allows it to retain the primary stain which is crystal violet and thus they appear purple whereas on the other hand, gram-positive bacteria have thin peptidoglycan cell wall and thus only retain the secondary or counter stain which is Safranin and thus they appear slightly pinkish when observed under microscope. Gram staining is the basic technique which is widely used in the microbiology labs to distinguish between both the types of bacteria. It provides a great help to microbiologists to perform their clinical tasks. If any infection is suspected in the patient then after the collection of sample, the gram staining is done and the type of bacteria is observed.
Gram staining is completed in the various steps –

Fixation of clinical materials i.e. the sample collected are being fixed on the glass slide by first making a smear using water and then that smear is either heat fixed or methanol fixed. It is a first and a very important step. Methanol fixation was later discovered keeping in mind its advantage of not destroying the morphology of host cell, as well as bacteria present in that. It is majorly used for the testing of blood samples collected from patients.
Application of primary stain i.e. crystal violet. Primary stain means the first stain which is applied onto the fixed smear which stains all the calls purple or blue.
To distinguish the slide is then washed off in a gentle and indirect stream of water for 2 seconds which removes the extra stain that is not absorbed by the cells.
The next step involves the application of a mordant i.e. Iodine solution. This forms a complex with crystal violet due to which all the cells start appearing blue.
Again the slide is washed for 2 seconds to remove extra stain.
Addition of a decolorizing agent is the next step which will ultimately remove the excess stain which bacteria has not absorbed. The decolorizer contains the combination of acetone and alcohol. In this step, the gram positive bacteria continue appearing violet or blue in color whereas gram negative bacteria start appearing colorless.
Application of counter stain or secondary stain i.e. safranin is the next step. It should let remain on the slide for 30 second to 1 minute. This will stain all the colorless gram negative bacteria pink and gram positive bacteria remains blue in color.
Again the slide is washed off in a gentle stream of water.
The prepared stained slide is then observed under a microscope using immersion oil (for observing under 100x).

How Jack Ma inspired me!!!

Jack Ma- every 5 years we have a review for our strategy now our strategy is always to look at the 30 years and 10 years every strategic decisions we make we have to ask one question this decision we make solve society problem because we believe the biggest social property you solved the most successful you are so if we do it this cannot solve any social problems we don’t do it second is this project is going to be successful in 10 years. If it’s it’s going to be successful in 10 years let’s do it if it’s going to be successful in one year or one month normally we forget about it because why you can be successful in one year or one month.

We all have to put parham and 5 years ago we had a big debate about 10 years later 20 years what are the things this china society the world leave want so we say happiness and health strategy to happiness and health we believe Holly do you know the movie industry bring people happy because today nobody is happy rich people are happy poor people not happy you know at least when I watch movie after you’re happy but right. So, I think we should have partner with the Hollywood especially like a lot of you know we have a different way of living and in China the movie we have a lot of heroes but China movies heroes always dead the American me movie here will never die if all the heroes die who want to be the hero so my movie I want to make the hero live right so this is this is I think we should learn a lot and it’s all about two years so we have another eight years ago I want to make our company that it’s it’s not ecommerce it’s something that giving people inspirations given people.

In the eBay model why about this model I told myself for is the gum set or a hat that will care about what the other people and the other thing Forrest Gump said nobody make money out of the catching whales people make money by catching shrimps so

We serve small business or not if you want to win in business you have to think bigger than the service or product you

They also teach all the tricks all the turns all the dips all the tosses in the air did it matter as much as the experience we provided to students every person wants to feel loved every person wants to feel like they belong but they want to feel wanted appreciated validated and see and so we’ve always at our school thought bigger. We thought about they may come in for a service but they come back and they refer others because we enrich their lives we focus on the essential human needs like love like care like belonging that across cultures across demographics everybody wants to feel or experience.

I love Jack Ma’s message thinking five or 10 years from now because what people are worried about let’s say right now for the next six months it’s going to come and go but what stands the test of time are the deep down worries and fears that we all share so if you want to have a successful business you have to think bigger than the service or product you provide because people may come to your dance school people may come to your coffee shop by random chance but that’s not what’s going to keep them there and that’s not what’s going to make them refer clients to you now I’ve got a special bonus clip for you but before we get to it today’s question is how have you been thinking small in your business and what can you do to change that to really make an impact on your customers.

VIRUS AND ITS TRANSMISSION

WHAT IS A VIRUS?????
A virus is referred as an infectious agent that can only replicate inside the living cells of an organism i.e. a virus is something which can not at all grow or replicate by its own. It always needs a living cell for its replication process. It is a microorganism which cannot be seen by naked eyes and can infect any life form. It can be infectious for humans, plants and even for other microorganisms like bacteria and archea. Viruses infecting bacteria are known as bacteriophage. Viruses are not restricted to a place and they can be found everywhere at every place of ecosystem whether land, or water or in air. They can cause various infections including air-borne, water-borne or even food-borne. The science dealing with the study of viruses is known as Virology and it is a branch of microbiology. A complete virus particle ranges in size from about 10-400nm in its diameter.
Viruses are near to dead when outside the living cell but once entered any living cell of an organism, they are forced to replicate using the life machinery of that particular organism and thus they produce thousands of their multiple copies and in this way infect the organism. Outside the living cells they are present in the free, independent form which may also be known as a virion.
There are 3 main parts in the structure of a virus i.e. –

Genetic core which is also known as nucleic acid core containing all the genetic material whether DNA or RNA, but not both. It is known as genome.
A protein coat, which is also known as capsid which surrounds the genome of a virus particle.
An envelope which is made of lipid. It is an external coat surrounding the genome as well as capsid.

VIRUS TRANSMISSION
Transmission of virus particles is important for them to survive because as discussed above they can only replicate themselves inside a host living organism. The virus transmits from one organism to another in order to survive, reproduce and continue their species. The effectiveness of the transmission of viral particle depends on 2 main factors i.e. the concentration of virus and its route of transmission. More concentration of virus leads to more transmission.
There are several ways by which a virus particle may get transmitted from one organism to another.

Blood – Virus particles can get transmitted through the blood. The one way is direct viral infection in blood and the other way is by arthropods like dengue or malaria is transmitted. Arthropods bite one organism and collect viral particles from them and then when they bite other organism, the same viral particles are being transmitted to the next organism and this way transmission and infection occurs. Another way is direct viral infection in blood which can be via direct infected blood exposure to a healthy individual. It may be transmitted via sexual contacts with infected person like HIV is transmitted.
Saliva – It is the most commonly seen in kissing the infected individual. The saliva contains the viral particles and thus they are transmitted to healthy individual.
Respiratory secretions – If any infected individual sneezes, or coughs or in any other way its respiratory secretions come in contact with the healthy individual, he may get infected by the same. It may also occur by singing or even breathing.
Feces – This is not a very common method in developed countries but can infect those who do not take sanitary actions after using toilets. The virus particles secreted in feces can infect other healthy individuals if they come in contact with them.

How Tik-Tok changed the World!!!

2020 has been a year of chaos, uncertainty and grief. A global pandemic, record unemployment and nationwide protests have left people reeling. Through it all though, there’s been TikTok, providing moments of levity and new dance crazes, interspersed with more serious commentary on the issues that we face.

TikTok, it’s like the party you want to be at, a t the moment. You’ll see hair tutorials, cooking tutorials. People can create challenges, they can create duets, they can interact, they can engage. TikTok is the most downloaded app of 2020. Since its global release less than two years ago, TikTok and its Chinese counterpart, Douyin, have amassed 800 million monthly active users, more than Reddit, Snapchat or Twitter. Its parent company, ByteDance, is the most valuable startup in the world. Its reach might surprise you unless you’re a member of Gen Z or the parent of one. But as millions scramble for connection amidst quarantines, more and more users of all ages are hopping aboard.

The Chinese-owned app faces a slew of regulatory hurdles, privacy concerns and allegations of censorship. Amidst these struggles, it’s brought in a new CEO. This guy is Kevin Mayer. Formerly the Head of Streaming at Disney. That’s basically what Kevin Mayer’s first priority needs to be, is to make sure that Americans trust TikTok. In the end of the day , t hat may prove complicated. But in the short term, it hasn’t prevented tens of thousands of new users from signing up. The predecessor to TikTok was an app called Musical.ly. Founded in 2014, it provided a platform for users to create short, 15 second videos set to a song of their choice. The content mostly involved lip-syncing and dancing, and it took off quickly among preteens and teenagers within the U.S. This is an app that was built around the fact that there was music that was licensed to be used on this app. This was something that Musical.ly decided really to invest in, because they knew that music and sharing music was inherently social.

In July 2015, a year after its launch, Musical.ly reached number one in the iTunes app store. It continued to grow and was bought by the Beijing-based startup ByteDance for one billion dollars in 2017. ByteDance already owned Tik Tok, a similar video sharing platform, and merged the two apps less than a year later. Now TikTok’s main office is in Los Angeles, California. They’re essentially an American startup that is subsidized by a successful Chinese tech company. As the app has grown, it’s given rise to a whole new pack of social media celebrities. Content is public by default TikTok, and therefore the algorithm that determines what appears on a user’s home page gives every creator the prospect to place their video in front of millions. Really what we saw was a different style of humor. It wasn’t the sketches that you saw on Vine, and it wasn’t longer-form YouTube videos. It was meme culture or like the general public’s take on a meme. What I enjoyed about it is there was some deeper humor in there if you were paying attention to the trends that were happening.
On TikTok, King uses creative video editing to make it look like he’s performing magic tricks, a skill which has earned him over 44 million followers, the second most on the app as of June 2020. But at 30, King represents the rare millennial that’s broken into TikTok’s top ranks. Many of the most followed users are in their teens, and lip syncing and dancing remain wildly popular. So I originally started when I was 14 years old, and so I started using my facial expressions and hand motions to make these like larger than life lip sync videos. And as I grew up, I think the app also grew up. Now there’s so much more that you can do. While Martin has found her niche with dancing and lifestyle content, she says there’s something out there for everyone. There’s like creators who are huge when it comes to comedy, some still do lip syncing, some cooking videos, tutorials. You can do whatever you want as long as it’s fun, it’s quick and it catches people’s eye. Stay at home orders have propelled the app’s rapid growth in the United States. The U.S. is third in terms of downloads and second in terms of revenue, and its influence continues to grow.
Viral dances and memes have propelled a number of songs to the top of the U.S. charts, most famously, Old Town Road in 2019 . And now the moms, dads and siblings of the TikTok o bsessed have began to get in on the trends also , learning dances and performing challenges together. You’re still laughing at them, but actually the fact that parents are getting on it, I mean they needed that demo so badly to even make it to this level that they’re at now. In order to build out a sustainable revenue model, e xperts say that TikTok eventually needs to attract older users. Advertisers are going after broader demographics and especially those with purchasing power. TikTok claims that all American user’s data is stored within the U.S. and is not subject to Chinese law, many security experts remain skeptical. Similar concerns exists in India, where data protection laws are weaker and thus citizens are more vulnerable. Regulators are going to be very weary of that separation. Most recently, the app received criticism for what it said was a technical glitch, in which post tagged with #BlackLivesMatter and #GeorgeFloyd appeared to have zero views when they actually have over two billion. And in the past, both India and Indonesia have instituted brief bans on the app due to concerns over inappropriate content like violence and pornography. Lastly, there are ongoing issues regarding children’s privacy.

Experts say that TikTok’s long-term prospects depend upon its ability to keep users engaged while building out a sustainable monetization strategy. YouTube could be seen as a model in the way that YouTube shares advertising revenue with its content creators. Mayer’s background in streaming services also has both analysts and creators excited about what new forms of content may lie on the horizon. I have been begging TikTok to get into the streaming game. People have speculated that TikTok might get involved in original programming. To make TikTok sustainable, you’re going to have to do long-form content. I don’t see a version where you make 60 second videos forever and it stays cool for another two to three years. King also says TikTok’s live-streaming feature has room to grow. It’s super popular in China, but hasn’t yet taken off in the U.S. I think what’s next for TikTok is how they figure out how to make money, how they figure out how to create a home for advertisers, and how they make sure that content creators themselves want to stick around and don’t want to go jump off to whatever the next cool app is going to be.

COORDINATION IN AN ORGANIZATION

Coordination is the process of synchronizing the activities and works of different departments of an organization to show and ensure the unity and group or team work. Coordination allows the company to progress because obviously a team can work better than an individual. It helps in maintaining harmony and balance between the works in an organization. A group maintains a balance and thus provides proper quality work to its organization. It is basically a force that binds all the management functions. Coordination helps in running the various things in an organization such as purchase, production, sales and finance. Any organization with the coordination gives better results than others. Coordination is referred as the essence of management because it is sometimes considered as a separate function of management. Coordination is essential in maintaining the harmony among individuals working together so that everyone gets the praise for the part of work they have done. To elaborate that coordination is not a separate function, rather it is the part of the management, it can be seen in different parts which can be also said as the stages of coordination –

Planning is the first stage of coordinating in which the top management decides what and how to execute the complete work.
Next is the organizing step, in which the organizational plans are actually organized as per planning.
Third stage is staffing which is performed after the plans are organized.
Next stage of coordination is directing in which plans which are organized and staffed are actually executed.
Last and final stage of coordination is controlling in which all the activities which are newly executed are controlled so that no confusion and problem occurs.

WHY IS COORDINATION IMPORTANT?????
The need for coordination in an organization arises due to following reasons –

Growth in size of organization i.e. as the organization grows, number of employees increases and thus to manage more number of individuals there is a need of coordination.
Functional differentiation in an organization i.e. different departments of an organization need to be coordinated for better management.
Specialization in the people of organization may lead to discrimination due to which coordination is necessary.

CHARACTERISTICS OF COORDINATION

Coordination tends to integrate different individual efforts in the form of a group.
Coordination ensures and protects unity of actions and binds all the individuals of the departments of the organization.
Coordination is a continuous process i.e. it never stops and goes on like management. It starts at the planning stage and continues till controlling stage. It can never stop if the organization needs to work better and gain popularity.
Coordination like management, is all pervasive i.e. it is universal and is required at each level and in each department of the organization. It is basically a binding force, which can never stop.
Coordination is the responsibility of managers i.e. all the head departments are responsible for coordinating to other departments because in the first stage of coordination which is planning, higher authorities are required.

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