Category: Education

Does only physical abuse counts as Domestic Violence?

The term violence refers to the intentional hurt which a person gives to another person in order to fulfill their motive which is to see the other person in pain. Now, the type of violence which we know is the one which is visible to our eyes i.e. if the victim’s body showing an evidence of any kind of hurt , then it is considered to be a violence but what about the mental and emotional trauma that the person(the victim) has to suffer due to this “physical violence”.

We hear the cases of major fights on the road, or any mob outrage , the culprits are charged against various sections which provides punishment for basically only the visual harm but if the mental trauma of the victims is also to be taken into consideration , then the charges pressed will be so many.

Domestic violence in the same way is a term which is constituted to take the women under its shed if they suffer any kind of physical abuse from their husbands or their in-laws. The term domestic refers to anything which is related to the establishment of the family i.e. mainly the issues that happens after marriage as it is when the formation of a family actually starts, traditionally speaking . When a woman gets married in India, she is considered as a multitasking robot and also referred to as Goddess Lakshmi , the Hindu Goddess who symbolises money and prosperity. Until recently I thought that the reason of the reference of a married woman to Goddess Lakshmi is because the arrival of a daughter in law in a family is considered to be auspicious and she is regarded as the carrier of fortune and also she is the carrier of the future generation of the family thus prospering the family with happiness. I was so wrong. The reference to the Holy Goddess of Wealth is because the arrival of a new daughter in law in a family brings a lot of money to the family which the new woman brings in from her family. This money in older terms was refferred to as a ritual, a set of gifts which the Bride’s and Groom’s family and friends gives to the newly married couple in order to help them set their new household. In today’s terms these never ending lists of gifts which commonly includes luxurious items for every member of the family and in the cases when this demand is not meant , the woman has to bear the wrath which sometimes lead to her being burnt alive. The bride is basically seen as a no repayment bank which will solve all the financial problems of the family and the consequences when the expectations are not met are horrific to say the least. If not death, then the hits , rape by other males of the family with husbands consent , continues for a life time.

Not to mention the emotional and mental trauma which a woman has to suffer. She stands at a threshold in these cases because if she dares to escape this turmoil by going back to her parents house, she will labelled as “tainted”, and a thousand other faults will be found out in her which will be humiliating for her family. AND no girl wants their family to face humiliation because of them. This is just one instance of one of the type of domestic violence that is very prevalent in India. Mental and emotional abuse are also a very popular form but not many are aware of it because there is no provision for the law to find the damage to a woman’s mental stability that has been caused by the family she has been married into. Now, the term “affecting the mental stability” does not means that a woman gets completely retarded but the trauma which these instance causes which leads her to question her self worth, her confidence, her judgement and eventually she becomes a puppet in the hands of this patriarchy.

This blog will provide some insights into the causes, affects and the consequences of the mental abuse which a woman has to undergo.

Causes of Mental and Emotional abuse

In India, there are several definitions to define a good wife. These may include her “respectful” sense of dressing which in a traditional way prohibits an exhibition of even an inch of skin except when she is wearing a saree, catering to all the demands of her husband from being his washerperson, cook, maid even his frustration box to leash out his frustration which may include either physical abuse or marital rape. Oh! the term marital rape does not even exists nor in the judiciary(not for woman who are legal adults) nor in the dictionary of the patriarchy. These all things are termed under “wife duties”. Amidst all these we tend to forget that the woman is also a human being with emotions and feelings and is supposed to be respected. Mostly after marriage a woman is made to give up on her career , if she had any( as daughters in India are nothing but a liability who are educated to just financially help their partner if the need arises in future. Though this concept is changing now but is still prevalent for 70 percent of the households) to concentrate better on her family. She is put under constant restrictions and is constantly judgesd for everything she does. This takes the identity of a woman. She starts seeing herself just as a wife , a daughter-in-law, a mother, but never as a person. The snatch of this basic freedom to do the basic things can led to decline of confidence and cause a trauma which even after years still continues to haunt.

This basically comes as a result of the supremacy which one gender wants to show on another. Marriage is a bond of togetherness, and whenever we combine to persons in a closed spaces some compromises have to be made by both the parties to accommodate and live but the problem arises when just the female is expected to change herself.

consequences

This emotional and mental trauma then becomes a sort of family heirloom which is passed from one generation to the other. I call it as a sadist thing to feel one’s peace through the trauma of others. This the biggest consequence of the mental trauma that a woman has to undergo that these all things becomes natural to her and without her even realising the fact that she is becoming a part of the same system she lets the emotion of revenge take over her. It is a revenge cycle which continues where a mother in law tries to dominate her daughter-in-law using all the measures without involving any physical abuse at times, “because this is how it has always been” is their counterargument. Whereas, the mothers who have been dictated all their lives if has no sons to transform this heirloom to their son’s wife, then transfers it to her daughter by being extra dominating and dictating her life to such an extent that she looses all her self confidence, develops self loathe and is left with no esteem. Ironically, these very qualities which sets a human different from an animal is snatched just to have a “long period of marriage”, the words “happiness”, “success of marriage” being hidden. Because in India what matters is the time period of the marriage not the happiness and compatibility of the two individuals sharing this Holy bond.

Every female in India has to suffer some restrictions which comes as a protective measure by the families against the raising of number of crimes against woman but the problem arises when her personal decisions such as the choice of her inner garments are also being dictated upon by the females of her family. When she is made to got through those rude snides questioning her character if she ever as much as laughs with a member of the opposite gender who is not family, when her self dependence is shamed and when she constantly becomes a box for all the frustrations .

Anubhav Sinha’s bollywood directorial THAPPAD starring Tapsee Pannu proves my point of woman being a frustration box no matter what the financial condition of the family is.

What we can do to stop this is STOP PASSING TRAUMA AS A HEIRLOOM. It has to stop at some point otherwise the wrath which it emits will risk the future of even the coming generations.

YOUTH AND THEIR OBSESSION WITH ALCOHOL

Today while I was attending my friend’s birthday party, I noticed something that prompted me to write about it. Alongside our group there was another group at this club. They all were easily below the age of twenty but their behavior was totally unacceptable. They were completely drunk and had no regard for the other guests. They were hogging the dance floor and when my friends and I tried to dance in the corner, they deliberately started bumping into us. One of the girls in my group even pushed him away hard but they didn’t budge from their conduct. They continued with their acts and finally we had to give up and get down the dance floor. The level of discomfort we felt during that moment can’t be accurately described. Even though two of the guys of their group came and apologized but doesn’t give them the right to behave like that in the first place. My question is Do people think that being drunk can be an excuse for everything? Why does our youth depend on alcohol to have fun? How can you make people around you uncomfortable and not even care a little?

It seems as if alcohol has become a lifestyle. Somehow consuming alcohol at a young age makes you “cool”. Surveys have shown that 75% youngsters in India consume alcohol before reaching the legal age. This normally starts with “I’ll have a few sips only” and ends up at binge drinking all weekend long. Around 80% of youth have at least tried alcohol once even if they didn’t develop a taste for it. Another factor that has ruined our youth is ‘Peer Pressure’. There are several examples where we can see a youngster following whatever the group says even though he is completely unwilling. As if peer pressure wasn’t enough, FOMO (Fear Of Missing Out) creeps in the minds of the youth. They feel as if they are missing out on something amazing because they see their friends having fun without realizing that their happiness is short lived. And before you know it that first drink turns into the first of many drinks to follow.

Other than the above mentioned reasons, it is a popular belief that kids take up drinking at a young age either because their parents regularly do so or because their parents introduce them to it. Children who take up drinking by following their parents never learn how to drink moderately because they generally do it secretly. On the other hands those who are introduced by their parents can learn to moderate their number of drinks. But the question still remains as to why is the youth so obsessed with drinking at an early age? The only reasons that come to mind are: because they are curious, to make themselves feel good, to relieve stress or to fit it. Do they not realize the risk they are putting themselves into? If they do, is it really worth it?

If you did not know it earlier, let me clarify you that alcohol can make you look extremely stupid especially if consumed without a check. You embarrass yourself, you embarrass the group you came with and in no way it that considered “cool”. In fact it is very disrespectful towards the people who are there for a good time. Drinking before legal age can even get you arrested. How would that be perceived among your peer group who you were trying so hard to impress? If this doesn’t persuade you to stop drinking then maybe when you grow a little older and your health starts to deteriorate, you would realize the hell you put your body through for a very short lived moments of fun.

If you don’t want to drink just say so. Don’t give into this vicious cycle. Stop drinking at every social gathering. If you problem is extreme, talk to an elder. Ask for help. One day you’ll be very thankful you stopped when you did. Don’t let alcohol ruin your youth and create problems for your adulthood. Stop before it becomes an addiction. Stop before having a drink turns into doing drugs. You will realize how your brain slowly loses its function when you feed this poison to your body. Remember, with alcohol the fun is temporary but the consequences are permanent.

Digital India

Digital India initiative is one the key initiative launched by government of India on 1st July 2015. The initiative is counted among one of the most prestigious projects just like made in India, Swach Bharat Abhiyaan etc. it consists of some major objective towards the development of better services and infrastructure in terms of digital modernisation of the country.
It comes under the ministry of Electronics and information and ministry of finance, officially launched by Prime minister of India Shree Narendra Modi. it has 3 main area of focus which includes:
• The utility of Digital infrastructure for the citizens of India
Improvement of digital infrastructure so that the citizens can utilise the services of internet.
• Internet and other services requirement
There are areas where people still do not have access to basic internet services, and additionally providing all the advance services to the population of the country.
• Digital empowerment
It refers to overall empowerment that will occur when the digital structure strengthens in the country.
The initiative serves multiple purpose, starting from improving the basic facilities to introducing modern technology at various level.
the initiative stands upon many important aspects which are:
• Broadband highways
• IT for all
• Electronic manufacturing
• E governance
• E Kranti etc
These aspects have their own significance in long run and can bring the much-needed changes in the country. Digitisation of the already existing facilities for the convenience of people and implementing new changes and development in the country.
Implementing a big initiative like digital India on a very large scale takes to answer a lot of challenges. Highlighting the challenges which occurred are:
• Adaptation
adapting to the ongoing and upcoming changes is going to be a big task for many Indians, it is also a time taking process.
• Illiteracy
The portion of population which is not well educated will find is very challenging, as they are not even aware about the basics. To make them aware and making them digitally literate is a major challenge.
• Providing better facilities to all
India has a huge population, ensuring that each and every one has access to the latest facilities
and convenience is important.

Conclusion
Digital India has proven beneficial for many specially the ones who had minimal access to such facilities, this is important from the perspective of both economic development and individual development. Technology, if used wisely can-do miracles in different sectors like education, employment, agriculture etc. the ongoing pandemic crisis has made us totally dependent on laptops and smartphones. Every developing country aim is to be technologically advanced in the coming years is a common goal. Even the developed nations are getting advanced each day.

Thus, an initiative like this can support and enhance the development taking place in the country. Despite, the challenges faced progress is visible. The initiative is already running since 2015 and within the reach of this initiative many changes are successfully implemented too.

Introduction about different Schools, Colleges, Universities

Every student wants to join a dream college or university.

After schooling, we desire to join a top college or university for the security of our feature

Is a college the same thing as a university? What does “liberal arts” mean? Why are some colleges called public and others private? Here are the basics of the types of colleges.

Let me know about NIT AGARTALA

Institute is committed to developing highly competent young Engineers, Scientists, and Management Professionals to cater to the ever-increasing techno-managerial needs of national and international standards fulfilling professional ethics and societal commitment.

MISSIONS

• To produce techno-managerial human resources in line with global needs, offering a state-of-the-art facility, research, and engineering and allied disciplines.

• To enhance the effectiveness of technical education with innovative systems and devising a mechanism to facilitate the application of research findings to solve real problems of industries/academics.

• To nurture and sustain an academic ambience conducive to the development of intellectually capable and committed professionals so that effective growth is obtained for the region’s economic development and the nation as a whole.

• To establish as the corridor of higher education for the South East Asian countries.

EDUCATION SYSTEM

Presently the Institute offers eight UG courses and PG courses in several fields along with Post Doctoral Fellowships. This Institute is autonomous under NIT being act passed by the parliament.

The Institute recently introduced a new curriculum in IITs where more elective subjects are being offered to make the system flexible. Previously, the Institute used to follow the mark based system of evaluation, but have been switching over to a credit-based system to keep track of the global evaluation methods. Industrial training, Undertaking projects are parts of the education system and students are also encouraged to take various activities for social development through NSS and NCC.

Initiatives

The Institute recently has been converted from State Engineering College to National Institute of Technology. The total seats have been increased from 250 to 420 for the academic session 2007-2008. Recently three Under Graduate courses has been introduced in Electrical & Electronics Engineering, Transportation Engineering and Production Engineering. The Civil Engineering Department will start a PG programme in Structural Engineering to fulfil the requirement of the State. The nonresidential campus is to be made residential with the reopening of two boys hostels and one girl’s hostel for the students admitted for the session 2007-2008. A master plan is under preparation for 335 acres of land where a new campus will be built with modern facilities for the overall requirement of the Institute. The Institute is getting a 33 VK dedicated power supply through Tripura State Electricity Corporation Limited for uninterrupted power supply in the campus. The R. D. Department of Govt. of Tripura took total renovation work of the existing buildings after conversion to NIT. The Institute has also obtained a grant of 12 crore rupees from DoNER for the development of infrastructures like the extension of the Library Building, an extension of the Academic Building, the Centralized Computer Centre, a new water treatment plant and boys and girls common room. The campus is now totally connected through Wi-Fi with WiMAX wireless backbone and all e-journal facilities are available in the digital library of NIT Agartala.

Derinkuyu-The Underground city

We know the term “city “that is on the ground,but there is another term when associated with the term city gives of a thrilling vibes and piques the curiosity of people and the term is “UNDERGROUND”

“Underground city” it is a city which is literally as the name says underneath the ground.
So today we are going to discuss about a city called “Derinkuyu”.

From viator.com

It is an ancient multi-level underground city in Turkey.

It is the deepest excavated underground city in Cappadocia and a stunning wonder.

The city is said extends to a depth of 200 feet and could have sheltered as many as 20,000 people together.

Derinkuyu city is famous for its capacity to hold thousands of families that is one of the highest among many underground cities that were found.

It’s said that this city dwelling not only could hold thousands of people, but also contained everything an entire population would need to survive any crises.

There are numerous subterranean dwellings and secret tunnel passages that were used as shelters.

From:Getyourguide

The underground city at Derinkuyu could be closed from the inside with large stone doors enhancing the security measures up a notch and each floor could be closed off separately.



It had aminities such as wine and oil presses, stables, cellars, storage rooms, refectories, and chapels.

On the second floor is a spacious room with a barrel-vaulted ceilings ,and rooms were used as a religious school and for study purposes.


There is a series of vertical staircases between the 3rd and 4 th floor leading to the church located at lowest level.

From:Shutterstock


There is a large 55-metre ventilation shaft a which seemed to provide water to both the villagers above and, if the outside world was not accessible, to those in hiding.

What fascinates me is how did they build this city without having any access to the technology and designed it beautifully and they took all kinds off possibilities into account making a city which is anytime ready to face any kind of problem.

It is said to be one of the top most tourist destinations in Turkey. You can also visit this by booking tickets in a trusted website.

Thankyou^^.

Purchasing method

A method used by businesses to buy products and/or services.
A purchasing system manages the entire acquisition
process, from requisition, to purchase order, to product
receipt, to payment.
Purchasing systems are a key component of effective inventory
management in that they monitor existing stock and help
companies determine what to buy, how much to buy and when
to buy it.

FUNCTIONS OF PURCHASE DEPARTMENT

Purchase materials at lowest possible cost while maintaining quality. Maintain good relationship with the suppliers. Take advantage of economies of scale. Maintain records efficiently. Develop highly competent personnel. Co-ordinate with all the departments of the organization.

TYPES OF PURCHASING SYSTEM Tender System Stockless Purchase System Blanket Order E-Purchasing / E-Procurement Subcontracting Rate Contract Method Petty Cash System Capital Equipment Purchase

Subcontracting refers to the process of entering a contractual agreement with an outside person or company to perform a certain amount of work. The outside person or company in this arrangement is known as a subcontractor. Many small businesses hire subcontractors to assist with a wide variety of functions

. Example: A small business may use an outside firm to prepare its payroll.Subcontracting is probably most prevalent in the construction industry, where builders often subcontract plumbing, electrical work, drywall, painting, and other tasks. In some cases, a general contractor may only be used as the construction manager or supervisor. In that case, subcontracting accounts for all of the physical work done on the premises. The general contractor’s only responsibility is to approve the contracts, keep the project within budget, and inspect the work.

https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://www.vskills.in/certification/tutorial/methods-of-purchasing/%3Famp&ved=2ahUKEwjr6o6LvdbxAhVUOysKHSTHAmMQFjAHegQIBBAG&usg=AOvVaw1jnaDBnawTcfblhlrQ4p7q&ampcf=1

https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/purchase-management/methods-of-purchasing-materials-8-methods/53168&ved=2ahUKEwjr6o6LvdbxAhVUOysKHSTHAmMQFjAQegQIIxAC&usg=AOvVaw1Tu70iCs1-rQ6pDorj59D5

Human Intelligence And Artificial Intelligence Related

Human Intelligence:-

INTRODUCTION:-

Human intelligence is the intellectual capability of humans, which is marked by complex cognitive feats and high levels of motivation and self-awareness.Through intelligence, humans possess the cognitive abilities to learn, form concepts, understand, apply logic, and reason, including the capacities to recognize patterns, plan, innovate, solve problems, make decisions, retain information, and use language to communicate. There are conflicting ideas about how intelligence is measured, ranging from the idea that intelligence is fixed upon birth, or that it is malleable and can change depending on an individual’s mindset and efforts.Several subcategories of intelligence, such as emotional intelligence or social intelligence, are heavily debated as to whether they are traditional forms of intelligence.They are generally thought to be distinct processes that occur, though there is speculation that they tie into traditional intelligence more than previously suspected.

Various definitions of intelligence tend to converge around similar notions designed to capture the essence of this psychological factor. Jensennotes Carl Bereiter’s definition of intelligence: “what you use when you don’t know what to do” (p 111). After their extensive survey, Snyderman and Rothmanunderscored reasoning, problem solving, and learning as crucial for intelligence. The “mainstream science on intelligence” report coordinated by Gottfredsonhighlights reasoning, planning, solving problems, thinking abstractly, comprehending complex ideas, learning quickly, and learning from experience. The American Psychological Association (APA) report on intelligence acknowledges that “individuals differ from one another in their ability to understand complex ideas, to adapt effectively to the environment, to learn from experience, to engage in various forms of reasoning, to overcome obstacles by taking thought.

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For more than a century, psychologists have developed hundreds of tests for the standardized measurement of intelligence with varying degrees of reliability and validityThe resulting measures allowed for the organization of taxonomies identifying minor and major cognitive abilities. J. B. Carroll,for example, proposed a threestratum theory of intelligence after the extensive reanalysis of more than 400 datasets with thousands of subjects from almost 20 different countries around the world.shows a simplified depiction of the taxonomy of cognitive abilities.

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This survey of factor analytic studies supports the view that intelligence has a hierarchical structure (ie, like a pyramid). There is strong evidence for a factor representing general intelligence (g) located at the apex of the hierarchy (stratum III). This g factor provides an index of the level of difficulty that an individual can handle in performing induction, reasoning, visualization, or language comprehension tests. At a lower order in the hierarchy (stratum II), several broad ability factors are distinguished: fluid intelligence, crystallized intelligence, general memory, visual perception, auditory perception, retrieval, or cognitive speed. Lastly, stratum I is based on specific abilities, such as induction, lexical knowledge, associative memory, spatial relations, general sound discrimination, or ideational fluency.

Artificial Intelligence:-

INTRODUCTION:-

Artificial intelligence (AI), the ability of a digital computer or computer-controlled robot to perform tasks commonly associated with intelligent beings. The term is frequently applied to the project of developing systems endowed with the intellectual processes characteristic of humans, such as the ability to reason, discover meaning, generalize, or learn from past experience. Since the development of the digital computer in the 1940s, it has been demonstrated that computers can be programmed to carry out very complex tasks—as, for example, discovering proofs for mathematical theorems or playing chess—with great proficiency. Still, despite continuing advances in computer processing speed and memory capacity, there are as yet no programs that can match human flexibility over wider domains or in tasks requiring much everyday knowledge. On the other hand, some programs have attained the performance levels of human experts and professionals in performing certain specific tasks, so that artificial intelligence in this limited sense is found in applications as diverse as medical diagnosis, computer search engines, and voice or handwriting recognition.

Guide To Understanding Artificial Intelligence - ReadWrite

Today, Artificial Intelligence is a very popular subject that is widely discussed in the technology and business circles. Many experts and industry analysts argue that AI or machine learning is the future – but if we look around, we are convinced that it’s not the future – it is the present.With the advancement in technology, we are already connected to AI in one way or the other – whether it is Siri, Watson or Alexa. Yes, the technology is in its initial phase and more and more companies are investing resources in machine learning, indicating a robust growth in AI products and apps in the near future.

The following statistics will give you an idea of growth!

– In 2014, more than $300 million was invested in AI startups, showing an increase of 300%, compared to the previous year (Bloomberg)

– By 2018, 6 billion connected devices will proactively ask for support. (Gartner)

– By the end of 2018, “customer digital assistants” will recognize customers by face and voice across channels and partners (Gartner)

–  Artificial intelligence will replace 16% of American jobs by the end of the decade (Forrester)

– 15% of Apple phone owners’ users use Siri’s voice recognition capabilities. (BGR)

Unlike general perception, artificial intelligence is not limited to just IT or technology industry; instead, it is being extensively used in other areas such as medical, business, education, law, and manufacturing.

In the following, we are listing down 9 very intelligent AI solutions that we are using today, marketing machine learning as a present thing – not the future.

  • Siri
  • Tesla
  • Cogito
  •  Netflix
  • Pandora
  •  Nest (Google)
  • Boxever
  • Flying Drones
  • Echo

1. Siri

Siri is one of the most popular personal assistant offered by Apple in iPhone and iPad. The friendly female voice-activated assistant interacts with the user on a daily routine. She assists us to find information, get directions, send messages, make voice calls, open applications and add events to the calendar.Siri uses machine-learning technology in order to get smarter and capable-to-understand natural language questions and requests. It is surely one of the most iconic examples of machine learning abilities of gadgets.

2. Tesla

Not only smartphones but automobiles are also shifting towards Artificial Intelligence. Tesla is something you are missing if you are a car geek. This is one of the best automobiles available until now. The car has not only been able to achieve many accolades but also features like self-driving, predictive capabilities, and absolute technological innovation.If you are a technology geek and dreamt of owning a car like shown in Hollywood movies, Tesla is one you need in your garage. The car is getting smarter day by day through over the air updates.

3. Cogito

Cogito originally co-founded by Dr. Sandy and Joshua is one of the best examples of the behavioral version to improve the intelligence of customer support representatives, currently on the market. The company is a synthesis of machine learning and behavioral science to enhance customer collaboration for phone professionals.Cogito is applicable on millions of voice calls that take place on a daily basis. The AI solution analyzes the human voice and provides real-time guidance to enhance behavior.

5. Pandora

Pandora is one of the most popular and highly demanded tech solutions that exist. It is also called the DNA of music. Depending on 400 musical characteristics, the team of expert musicians individually analyzes the song. The system is also good at recommending the track record for recommending songs that would never get noticed, despite people’s liking.

6. Nest (Google)

Nest was one of the most famous and successful artificial intelligence startups and it was acquired by Google in 2014 for $3.2 billion. The Nest Learning Thermostat uses behavioral algorithms to save energy based on your behavior and schedule.It employs a very intelligent machine learning process that learns the temperature you like and programs itself in about a week. Moreover, it will automatically turn off to save energy, if nobody is at home.In fact, it is a combination of both – artificial intelligence as well as Bluetooth low-energy because some components of this solution will use BLE services and solutions.

7. Boxever

Boxever is a company that heavily relies on machine learning to enhance the customer experience in the travel industry and conveys micro-moments or experiences that can please the customers.Boxover significantly improves customer engagement through machine learning and Artificial Intelligence to rule the playing field, helping customers to find new ways and make memorable journeys.

8. Flying Drones

The flying drones are already shipping products to customers home – though on a test mode. They indicate a powerful machine learning system that can translate the environment into a 3D model through sensors and video cameras.The sensors and cameras are able to notice the position of the drones in the room by attaching them to the ceiling. Trajectory generation algorithm guides the drone on how and where to move. Using a Wi-Fi system, we can control the drones and use them for specific purposes – product delivery, video-making, or news reporting.

9. Echo

Echo was launched by Amazon, which is getting smarter and adding new features. It is a revolutionary product that can help you to search the web for information, schedule appointments, shop, control lights, switches, thermostats, answers questions, reads audiobooks, reports traffic and weather, gives info on local businesses, provides sports scores and schedules, and more using the Alexa Voice Service

Conclusion

Artificial Intelligence is gaining popularity at a quicker pace; influencing the way we live, interact, and improve customer experience. There is much more to come in the coming years with more improvements, development, and governance.

Difference Between Artificial Intelligence and Human Intelligence

Artificial Intelligence: Artificial Intelligence is based on the human insights that can be decided in a way that can machine can effortlessly actualize the tasks, from the basic to those that are indeed more complex. The reason for manufactured insights is learning, problem-solving, reasoning, and perception.
This term may be connected to any machines which show related to a human intellect such as examination and decision-making and increments the efficiency.
AI covers assignments like robotics, control systems, face recognition, scheduling, data mining, and numerous others.

Human Intelligence: Human intelligence or the behaviour of the human being has come to past experiences and the doings based upon situation, environment. And it is completely based upon the ability to change his/her own surroundings through knowledge which we gained.
It gives diverse sorts of information. It can provide data on things related to the particular aptitude and knowledge, which can be another human subject, or, within the case of locators and spies, diplomatic data to which they had to get to. So, after concluding all it can give data on interpersonal connections and arrange of interest.

Below is a table of differences between Artificial intelligence and Human intelligence:

FeatureArtificial IntelligenceHuman Intelligence
EmergenceAI is an advancement made by human insights; its early improvement is credited to Norbert Weiner who theorized on criticism mechanisms.On the other hand, human creatures are made with the intrinsic capacity to think, reason, review, etc.
Pace/Rate of AI and humanAs compared to people, computers can handle more data at a speedier rate. For occurrence, in the event that the human intellect can solve a math problem in 5 minutes, AI can solve 10 problems in a minute.In terms of speed human cannot beat the speed of AI, or, machines.
Decision MakingAI is profoundly objective in choice making because it analyzes based on absolutely accumulated data.Human’s choices may be affected by subjective components which are not based on figures alone.
PerfectionAI frequently produces precise comes about because it capacities based on a set of modified rules.For human insights, there’s more often than not a room for “human error” as certain subtle elements may be missed at one point or the other.
Energy ConsumptionModern computer generally uses 2 watts energy.On the other hand, human brains uses about 25 watts
Modification of AI and HumanAI takes much more time to adjust to unused changes.Human insights can be adaptable in reaction to the changes to its environment. This makes individuals able to memorize and ace different skills.
VersatilityAI can as it were perform less assignments at the same time as a framework can as it were learn duties one at a time.The human judgment skills underpins multitasking as prove by differing and concurrent roles.
Social NetworkingAI has not aced the capacity to choose up on related social and enthusiastic cues.On the other hand, as social creatures, people are much way better at social interaction since they can prepare theoretical data, have self-awareness, and are delicate to others’ feelings.

Reference Links:-

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3181994/

https://www.iqvis.com/blog/9-powerful-examples-of-artificial-intelligence-in-use-today/

https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/difference-between-artificial-intelligence-and-human-intelligence/

Conversation skills that you need

communication plays a very important role in human life. It helps in the exchange of information and knowledge, it helps in developing relationships, the bonding on which the human life dwells itself. Conversations are key to language development. Ideas and thoughts also find a way to enhance through conversations. They make learning easier when combined with perfect facial and body expressions.

how do you define conversation skills?

A perfect conversation is the one which “serves the intention” and “transfers the information” perfectly. People may define it differently, But for the most part, conversation skills include ability to initiate, sustain and end a conversation. You may have the best information, but how you share, matters a lot. And also Engagement- an attempt to perfectly involve others in the conversation, is important.

“Conversation skills refer to a collective set of skills needed to communicate effectively with another person”. Better skills allow to understand and comprehend better to every person in the conversation.

The pandemic which hit the world very badly is forcefully making people to isolate themselves, replacing in person conversations to Vedio calls. Obviously there is a difference when you talk to a person when he is in front of you and when you talk through a screen. But rise in social media popularity did this before pandemic. Conversations have been changed to texting. These all are taking important conversation skills away from people. Clearly avoiding screen is not a solution, but maintaining a balance is very important.

ways to improve conversation skills

LISTEN ACTIVELY: Listening shows that we are in the person and the topic of conversation. Listening is as vital as speaking since a conversation involves sharing which needs both giving and receiving end. Practice active listening by paying attention, Asking questions to clarify confusions and repeating the message or its summary back to the speaker.

LOOK FOR NONVERBAL CUES: Non verbal communication has importance exactly as the words person chooses to do conversation. For example, consider body language. Try to have a good eye contact with the person in front of you. By saying a good eye contact I mean, the eye contact shouldn’t be making the person uncomfortable. Nodding your head to show your agreement or disagreement also helps. Keeping yourself in a position that makes you hear them correctly will also help. And if you are the speaker, make sure the message you are sending is consistent both verbally and non verbally.

HAVE EMPATHY: When you are listening to other person, try to put yourself in his/her shoes. Try to understand their point of view. Use statements which shows that you are understanding. For example ” I can understand your situation”. This will help to build trust. Learn to “agree to disagree”. Respect them even if you disagree. Be polite throughout the conversation.

PAY ATTENTION TO THE DETAILS: A person with strong conversation skill will absorb more from the conversation than the average person just by noticing extra details. This will help you have more accuracy in the information. Noticing the accent and the motive in the conversation will help in long term.

OFFER INTRESTING INSIGHTS: People with good conversation skills frequently yell you things you didn’t know and find interesting. Increase your knowledge by reading books, magazines and listening to podcasts. Observe how they are choosing words or expressing them. Be Honest when you don’t know, that will not make you anything lesser.

TALK SLOWLY: A good conversationalist often act as they have abundance of time. Don’t hurry or cut others sentences. Take your time while speaking and be confident. Try to take a time before what you say to just reflect on it. be thoughtful.

USE RIGHT WORDS: A well ability to communicate has a lot to do with the words you choose. Bad choice of words will create misunderstandings. Constantly work on your vocabulary and practice communicating accurately.

A good communication skill will help you regardless of the field you are going to be in. Develop these skills as soon as possible and shine on!

HYMENOPTERA

Classification

Kingdom: Animalia 

  Phylum : Arthropoda 

    Class: Insecta (Endopterygota) 

      Sub-class : Pterygota 

         Order:Hymnoptera 

Hymenoptera

Hymenoptera means membrane wings. 

One of the largest insect order. 

Size range – 0.21nm(0.008inch)-5cm(2inch) in length. 

Usually 4 membranous wings

  • Forewing and hindwing are held together by small hook. 
  • Hind pair smaller than front pair

Complete metamorphosis (Holometabolous).

Mouthparts modified for chewing and sucking

In some form especially bees, certain Mouthparts (labium and maxillae) form a structure for sucking liquid food. 

Antennae usually with 10 or more segment. 

Larvae usually maggot like(i.e. Leg less) 

Large compound eyes, usually 3 simple eyes(ocelli) present. 

Females typically have a special ovipositor for inserting eggs into host or places that are otherwise inaccessible.

Most have constriction between the first 2 segment of the abdomen which is known as a wasp waist. 

Worldwide there are over 100,000 species included in the Hymenoptera. 

In Australia, there are about 1275 ant, 10,000 wasp, 2000 bee and 176 sawfly species.

Habitat

Found in all terrestrial habitat throughout Australia. 

May occur in soil, leaf litter and range of vegetation types especially flowers. 

Life Cycle

Some female produce young one without mating, while other can store sperms and spread out their egg laying to coincide with available food. 

Most species lay their egg to the host plant or paralysed food sources they have gathered into specially constructed nest. 

The Larvae will moult several times before they pupate.

Development may range from a few weeks for some parasitoid to much longer in social species. 

Feeding Habit

Feed on a wide range of foods depending on the species. 

Adult wasp mostly feed on nectar and honeydew. 

Some species are predator or parasites and spend their time searching out invertebrate hosts to lay their eggs on. 

Some are predator, scavenger, omnivores, seedeaters, fungus feeders or honeydew feeders

Suborder of hymenoptera :

1)  Symphyta(sawflies and horntails) 

2)Apocrita(ants, bees and wasps) 

Symphyta :(sawflies)

Most primitive Hymenoptera 

Have a broad junction between thorax and abdomen. 

Body has no waist. 

Paraphyletic group 

Females have a saw-like egg laying device for cutting slits in plants into which eggs are laid. 

Larvae are caterpillar-like and feed on outside and inside of plant tissue.

There are one or two parasitic families

lack of constriction at the base of the abdomen

 fly-like appearance and more extensive wing venation. 

They are often confused with lepidopteron larvae but it include–six or more pair of abdominal prolegs(which lack chrochet ), one lateral ocellus on each side of head. 

Apocrita :(wasps,bees,ants)

The body has a distinct waist. 

The first segment of the abdomen is incorporated into the thorax. A narrow region called the petiole joins this to the rest of the abdomen, called the gaster.

Characterized by Larvae that feed on other Arthropods. 

The larvae are maggotlike.

Have narrow junction between thorax and abdomen. 

Contain largest no. of species. 

Node is usually present. 

Further divided into:- Terebrantia(parasitica) which use their ovipositor for egg laying and the Aculeata, which have the ovipositor modified as a sting. 

Reference

australian.museum

ento.csiro.au

Projects.ncsu.edu

tolweb.org

britannica.com 

Descriptive Writing

My Dreamhouse

Those big architectural windows blow me out with the air whenever I think about it. The sunshine touching the hair in the early morning descends to the feet as the day grows off. My dreamhouse is quite big and beautiful with a garden marking its boundaries. The adorable flowers at the entrance gate elate my visitors. The fragrance they shower off in that small place complements their colourful petals. Some trees are tall and thick while some are newly planted. The biggest of them all holds a small treehouse apt to keep my secret things. Moving on, there’s a pavement on the doorstep of the house with a welcome board.

The tour of the house now starts inside that door. Wooden furniture are the main highlight of my dreamhouse besides the open, airy windows. The hall bears a bouncy couch and table with a glass flower pot along with a dining set for six at the front of the kitchen. The kitchen has a well-settled chimney as a centre of attraction. There is always some extra space in the kitchen for new items. The walls are beautifully designed along with fascinating sculptures on the roof boundary.

Photo by Marta Dzedyshko on Pexels.com

Next comes the staircase which leads to the bedroom and guest room area. The stairs are covered with red carpets to make them look traditional and classy. The width is not much since they are attached at the corner of the hall. The hall is big but to keep it spacious and relaxing to look, everything is arranged at its minimum.

The staircase takes a turn to make us reach the first floor having a bedroom, a guest room and a servant quarter at the corner. The bedroom is the biggest, of-course. It is majorly pink coloured with beautiful prints representing nature. There’s a piano-set besides a bed and a wooden almirah in the room. The lamp aside the bed belongs to antique items. It is muddy yellow in colour and gives a pleasant look to the room at night. There’s a round carpet on the floor between the bed and the piano-set. There are a total of 3 windows among which one is the biggest and right beside the piano- set. It gives immense peace to play it there with open window. There is a study table too at the corner of the room- small and stuffed with books and magazines. The lamp at the study table is small and a modern type. The bathroom attached with the bedroom has also been kept modern style having blue walls with pictures of whales and ships.

The accompanying is the guest room, little smaller than the bedroom but remarkably spacious. It consists only a bed , an almirah, a sofa set and glass table. It too has a big window allowing abundant of sunlight to pass through in the morning. The speciality lies in the location of the house too, every window fetches the most of the sunlight to the house making it irrelevant to turn on lights during the day. The curtains need to be heavy since it becomes too hot in the summer. The servant quarter is comparatively small; approximately the size as of store room attached to the hall on the ground floor. It is however, convenient to stay there. It too includes a bed but relatively small, a table, a sofa, an almirah and attached with it is the washroom.

Next floor is build with terrace which is wide, and cold during winters. It is fenced at two edges with strong grills made of stones. The other two edges are joined via walls to other two houses in the neighbour. The view is wide and serene from the terrace. The designer table and chairs are specially placed to have a cup of tea under the beautiful sky whenever it feels like. The garden too is visible to an extent from the terrace. The chimney installed in the kitchen opens up at the top on the terrace.

The larger windows of the hall and the bedroom hold a wing chain each with different sounds knocking softly at the ears during a pleasant weather. It is therefore a good place for writers and poets to put up. The house in itself is a glory and has a lot to write about. This dreamhouse can be the best to reside in- neither too big nor too congested. Its beauty lies in how spacious and a mixture of traditional and modern architect it is!

GENDER AND SEXUAL EQUALITY

Gender refers to the widely shared set of expectations and norms linked to how women and men, and girls and boys, should behave. Unlike ‘sex’ which refers to the biological and physiological characteristics that define men and women, gender refers to the socially constructed roles, behaviours, activities, and attributes that are assigned to men and women in any given society. These expectations are are not fixed but are continually being constructed and reinforced through social relationships and economic and political power dynamics.

It is commonly assumed that your gender is determined by your biological sex. You are masculine because you are male, for example. The separation of gender and sex is most apparent in the experience of people who feel that their ascribed gender-identity is not aligned with their biological sex. Those people, who may identify as transgender, some will opt to change their biological sex while others may change their gender-identity but not their sex. The sexual orientation of those whose gender identity does not match their biological sex is not self-evident. Biological males who live as females may be attracted to males, females or other trans individuals. This is evident, for example, among travestis In Brazil, as Mountian observes in the policy audit conducted on the country’s ‘Brazil without Homophobia’ education policy, launched in 2004. Mountian found that travestis were discriminated against because they challenge the idea that gender identity is directly related to biological sex. Not all biological males feel themselves to have a masculine identity, and vice versa.

Gender equality is when people of all genders have equal rights, responsibilities and opportunities. Everyone is affected by gender inequality – women, men, trans and gender diverse people, children and families. … Societies that value women and men as equal are safer and healthier. Gender equality is a human right.

Gendered sexuality is the way in which gender and sexuality are often viewed as likened constructs, whereby the role of gender in an individual’s life is informed by and impacts others’ perceptions of their sexuality. For example, both the male and female genders are subject to assumptions of heterosexuality.

Sociology offers a unique perspective on gender and sexuality and their importance in our social world. A sociological perspective transcends biological notions of sex and emphasizes the social and cultural bases of gender. Sociological research points to the ubiquity of gender’s influence in both private and public spheres, and it identifies differences—and similarities—in how genders are treated socially and factors that change this treatment.

The sociological study of gender is often combined with the study of sexuality. Like gender, sexuality is not just biologically constructed, but is shaped by social and cultural factors. Empirical research on sexual identity and behavior reveals such great variation that sociologists refer to multiple sexualities rather than a single sexuality.

Gender equality is achieved when women, men, girls and boys have equal rights, conditions and opportunities, and the power to shape their own lives and contribute to the development of society. It is a matter of equitable distribution of power, influence and resources in society.

Gender equality, also known as sexual equality or equality of the sexes, is the state of equal ease of access to resources and opportunities regardless of gender, including economic participation and decision-making; and the state of valuing different behaviors, aspirations and needs equally, regardless of gender.

What Is Creativity In Business?

“Your smile is your logo. Your personality is your business card. How you leave others feeling after an experience with you is your trademark.”

– Jay Danzie

Salut! Let us first discuss the evolution of a perfect company. It starts with the owner’s hard earned money (through different sources of course 😉 ) singlehandedly. With growth in sales, the owner feels the need to have assistants to help him out which encourages him to hire a few eligible ones. They are so eligible and proficient that the company keeps experiencing surplus which fetches high amount of customers until it becomes a reputed brand to generate regular customers. However, the owner realizes that apart from his regular customers, the new ones weren’t bothering to choose his brand. Then, he shapes his services in a way that distinguished his company from the competitors. What do you think did he do?

He used ‘Creativity’ which is so essential in business if you wish have an edge over the others. He creatively increased the convenience in his services thereby attracting larger audience.

KFC or Kentucky Fried Chicken for instance, originally dealt with the sale of chicken and now surprisingly includes burgers, softies, cold drinks, and other finger licking attractions. Why do you think did they need to evolve? KFC originally was started by Colonel Harland Sanders on a small scale but as his popularity increased, he transformed to a brand which is so high in demand today. Customers make a brand. However, to get a variety of customers apart from the regular chicken friendly ones, they decided to assign variations into their services which includes burgers, soft drinks, softies, mousses and what not!

Creativity in business demands cooking up interesting services from the existing ones. In short, coming up with variety from a single theme! For instance, the above example where an eatery for chicken evolved into multiple scrummylicious items!

Convenient services avail more benefits for customers. That is where creativity comes into the picture. How well can you craft convenience in your services without imitating your competitor? How well can you observe the convenience policy and services of your competitors and frame an entirely unique service which could fetch great surplus? Which services would have a greater demand and how will it be unique from the competition? If you master the above questions by coming up with a suitable answer, then your business is fully secured and benefits are awaiting you!

Why do you need to be unique though when people are more attracted to the common services? People normally think that common services send Express posts to customers thereby inviting them faster than usual but they fail to contemplate over the fact that they aren’t alone in the market and that their competitors are like sharks who won’t let them survive!

That’s exactly why, we yearn for creativity. Everybody wants to go for a unique idea that would have no competitors because attacking or imitating the services of your competitors will only damage relations and may make matters worse! In a fit of rage, your competitors may not allow customers to reach out to you and may act as hitchhikers in the way by showing your customers directions towards their company instead of yours! They may badmouth your services and show your weak side to the mob. The extent of enmity can’t be predicted because nobody likes a “Copy Cat”.

Thus, one can conclude stating that Creativity is all about understanding the changing desires of the mob or the market trends and to subtly begin including a variety in your services or fine tune the existing ones with amazing facilities that offer whole lot of conveniences!

Thank You For Reading!

DISABILITY ETIQUETTES

Disability Etiquette - United Spinal Association

Disability etiquette is a set of guidelines dealing specifically with how to approach persons with disabilities . Before knowing about disability etiquettes , it is essential to understand certain basic things such as if someone has a disability don’t assume he/she needs help . In fact , adults with disabilities wants to be treated as an independent persons , So offer help only if the person with disability seems to need it . Physical contact should be avoided . Always speak directly to the person with a disability , not to his/her friend . Persons with disabilities are the best judge of what they can or can’t do .

General Disability Etiquettes

Disability Etiquette | OSU TOPS Program

The general disability etiquettes are stated below :

  • Always put the person first , i.e., say ‘person with disability ‘ rather than ‘disabled person’ . Always avoid the outdated words like handicapped , retarded , physically challenged or differently – abled . For example , refer to ‘person who are blind ‘ rather than ‘ blind person ‘.
  • In case of introduction to a person with a disability , it is appropriate to shake hands .
  • When you meet a person with a visual impairment , always identify yourself and others who may be with you .
  • Leaning or hanging on a person ‘s wheelchair should always be avoided because such act is generally considered annoying . In fact , the chair is the part of the personal body space of the person who uses it.
  • Always listen carefully as well as attentively when you are having conversations with a person who has difficulty in speaking . Have patience and wait for the person to finish rather than correcting or speaking for that person . Generally , ask short questions that require short time .
  • When talking with a person who is on a wheelchair or person who uses crutches , keep yourself at eye level in front of the person to facilitate the talk .
  • To get the attention of a person who is deaf or having hearing impairment , tap the person on the shoulder or wave your hand . You should look directly at the person and speak clearly .
  • Never patronize person who use wheelchairs by patting them on the head or shoulder .
  • Always introduce yourself to persons who are blind using your name .
  • Always avoid asking personal questions to an individual who is differently-abled .
  • Always give additional time to a person with any disability to do or to say something .
  • Always have conversation at a normal tone of voice . Don’t talk in high pitch to such individuals .
  • Don’t pretend to understand if you are facing problem in doing so .
  • If you need to leave a person who is blind , inform him that you are leaving and ask him if he needs anything before you leave .

Mental Health and Psychology

Mental health includes our emotional, psychological, and social well-being. It affects how we think, feel, and act. It also helps determine how we handle stress, relate to others, and make choices. Mental health is important at every stage of life, from childhood and adolescence through adulthood.

Mental health therapists in the past dealt mostly with psychological diseases and the health issues that came from it. Their focus was less on individual factors like motivation, positive thinking, happiness, and emotional resilience, and more on the manifested symptoms of mental illness.

George Vaillant, a pioneer in the field of positive psychology, said that old literary works on psychiatry and mental health have a myriad of discussions on anxiety, depression, stress, anger, and fear, and almost nothing about affection, compassion, and forgiveness (Vaillant, 2009). But this is all a matter of the past now.

With the advent of the science of happiness, or positive psychology, a significant shift in the focus of mental health research and practice has been noticed. Positive psychology has opened a new way of looking into problems. It recognizes happiness and well-being as an ‘essential human skill’ (Davidson).

As a composite of clinical psychology, positive science helps in understanding how we can work on enhancing our internal capabilities and make the best of our present. Rather than focusing on symptomatic therapy and treatment, positive psychology centers around emotional stability, expectation management, and fruitful thinking, which is why it is referred to as the ‘study of ordinary strengths and virtues’ (APA, 2001).

Positive psychology goes hand in hand with traditional mental health interventions. In this article, we will explore the semblance and the association between positive psychology and mental health and discuss how the combination of both is essential for the successful outcome of any psychiatric disorder.

Incorporating neuroscience in mental health had numerous benefits —

• Neuroscience made it easier for therapists and professionals to dig into the root causes of the disorder.

• It helped in promoting mental well-being, happiness, and quality of life.

• Neuroscience paved the way for early diagnosis and a brighter prognosis of any psychological treatment plan.

• It helped in understanding the relationship between the mind and the body with more accuracy.

• Neuroscientific research made way for extending the areas of research on mental health and happiness.

Ideology behind patriotism

A Patriotic person is always on his own country’s side or supports his leaders when they deserve it. They are committed to their nation, care about their security, hold their country’s interest at their goal, and will always want their stability, development, and growth. People have an emotional relationship with their country and so this attachment is often referred to as national sentiment and national pride.

Patriotism was firmly related to a collection of nationalist ideals and is often even used synonymously. But perhaps the key difference between these two concepts would be that the patriot felt proud of his heritage at what it does, and no matter what it does; the nationalist makes it feel proud of his nation. Therefore patriotism creates a feeling of duty while patriotism establishes a sense of arrogance and ignorance, which may even lead to chaos.Although several people think patriotism has to do with laying somebody’s life for their country, that’s more than that. It implies defending the country in every possible way, working for their battlement or willingness to protect their own lives whenever necessary.