A job is something you simply do for the money. Usually, jobs have a small impact on future resumes because they aren’t typically related to what your career is or will be. Also, jobs usually offer less networking opportunities because your coworkers often won’t be continuing on to the same field as you in your future career.
Most jobs consist of hourly wages, are more short-term, and focus on getting a task done.
What is a career ?
A career is all about building up skills through various employment opportunities, giving you the ability to move on to higher paying and more prestigious ones. Careers provide a foundation of experiences that help fuel your professional life for many years.
Careers are more long-term and are about learning, gaining experience, building connections, and putting yourself in the right position for promotions and raises. Also, careers tend to be more salary based, as opposed to hourly based like jobs, and often include benefits such as paid time off and healthcare.
While more education is often required for a career, you don’t need to spend the rest of your life in school just to get ahead. South College offers many associate degree programs that can be completed in just two years, getting you started on your new career before you know it.
If you’re interested in finding out what your future career should be or in getting the right education to put you there, contact us today!
That’s not to say that jobs aren’t valuable. Jobs show your work ethic, which is important to future employers, and money pays the bills! Jobs can help prepare you for a career by providing you with valuable skills like time management and communication.
DIFFERENCE
A job is more short-term oriented and tends to focus purely on earning money. On the other hand, a career is a series of related employment in one field that provides experience for your future and helps you earn a better paycheck and living status
7 Strategies to Build A Successful Career
Identify with Your Goals. Before even considering following a career route, you must get to know yourself. …
Hiliary Clinton has rightly said,”Women are the largest untapped reservoir of talent in the world.”
Today we see more and more women coming out of the four walls of their home and participating in public activities. They are doing the jobs which were earlier believed to be reserved for men. Now women are engineers,doctors, advocates, astronauts etc.
Recently they have been granted permanent commission in the Indian Army enabling them to be deployed at the borders and fight equally as their male counterparts.
In Spite of this there is still a long way to go ,women still face discrimination at workplace, they are sexually harassed and time and again forced to prove their worth and prove that they have got this job on their merit and not because they are women.
Forms of gender-based discrimination at workplace:
Direct forms- These direct forms of discrimination are the visible ones. They involve unequal pay where female employees are paid less than the male employees. Then there is the case of restrooms, women especially in the unorganised sector face sanitation problems making them work for long hours without relieving themselves. Women are stereotypically offered positions like HR, receptionists and very rarely they are given the position of a team lead. Most common of this the termination of the women when they speak up against or complain about the sexual harassment.
Indirect forms- These may not be visible but they takes place more than the direct forms of discrimination. We hear a lot of cases where sexist questions are asked from women in the interview. They are often questioned about how they would manage their personal and professional lives, if they are married and have children then they may not even be offered the job. These same questions are however asked from men in the interview. Women also become the victims of sexist jokes,comments on their dressing , obscene statements that show how their dressing affects their productivity.
Some reasons identified behind this discrimination is the patriarchal attitude of people that the only work a women can do is the taking care of her family.Also there is this attitude of seeing women as an object of male satisfaction rather than an equal participant in the economy.
Hence the need of the hour is to change the patriarchal mindset of people. The successful women leaders like Mrs.Indira Gandhi the 1st woman PM of India, Indira Nooyi CEO of Pepsico , Jacinda Arden PM of New Zealand among others have proved the spokespersons of patriarchy wrong.
Swami Vivekanand has rightly said,”it is impossible to think of the welfare of a nation , without improving the condition of its women.It is impossible for a bird to fly with one wing.”
Who would not relish reading a book with a cup of coffee / tea? If you are a person who is not fond of reading books then you might be missing a great part of life even. Some may find it boring and consider it as of no use or waste of energy. But the fact provided by reading books is just a contrast to your mindset. The love towards reading books can protect you even from hazardous diseases of life. But for many reading books in their spare time is like a great craving. Nevertheless it is not like the other leisure time activities that we do to pass time. We are benefitted by books beyond what we think. It benefits both the physical and mental health and the benefits are enduring, lasts lifelong. It increases our creative thinking, imagination and molds us into better person. It aids us to formulate a better roadmap for our career. Books exposes us to new things which we might have failed to notice in our past times, renders more information, and fosters us to handle strenuous situations and provides us innovative ways to solve them and thus gives us a great exploration. It leads us to the other part life which is peaceful and gets you tension free apart from your regular hectic work. Reading good books widens our mind and uplifts our way of thinking.
Books can be referred to as the man’s best companion which is the power house of information and ingenuity. Even in the early times, writing system was invented and people used stones, clays, tree and different things that can be carved as a writing material. Fortunately today we have newspapers, magazines and books. We would have come across several books over the years. In our childhood we were fond of story books which would be flooded with pictures to fascinate little children and for the better understanding of the younger ones. And then as we grow up we would be interested in different genre of books like history, literature, science fiction, crime, fantasy, inspirational, adventure, horror, comics, detective, biographies and so on. All books are either nonfiction or fiction. Nonfiction books contain biographies, history books and contain factual information . Fiction books contain a story which is framed by the author. Technical books gives you technical insight, novels distracts you from the monotonous world and stimulates your imagination level. Comics is meant for enjoyment and relaxes you from your repetitive work. As writing is an art, so is reading and it an excellent habit. It should be inculcated in all from an early stage. The cognitive abilities of kids who read books regularly seem to be improved. It helps us on a larger scale to improve the vocabulary , communication skills, writing skills. As we read books we come know about the various fields engaged around us and it boosts the confidence & self esteem and helps us to become highly efficient and excel in various activities. It increases our concentration level and makes it elastic to grasp things quickly and easily.
With the gradual advancement in technology people are getting fascinated by the idea of e-books. E-books – It is the digital representation of a book publication on platforms like computers, smartphones etc. and provides an easy access to the readers. They are more flexible than paper books. It has many perks like we can enlarge the font size to make the reading more pleasurable and it is easy on the eyes. They are portable and handy making it easy to carry around. E books can be purchased through internet and also some are available for free of cost. E-books have a large scope for further developments and universal acceptability.
Paper and electronic books , both provide an effective way of reading . Paper books allow more precise reading and e books are quicker and more convenient. Books are like fellow mates with no demands and no anticipations, rather we could anticipate many stuffs from books. It gives us a kind of inner happiness and gives us an optimistic feel which enhances our knowledge and wisdom.
Writing has helped me to become better at thinking, speaking, and making decisions. And I’ve used books about writing to improve myself.
I firmly believe that anything worthwhile in your career should start with writing.
From creating resumes to business plans. If you don’t start with writing, you often lack clarity in your messaging.
And that was also the story of my life. In fact, it still is. Most people never think about it, but it’s damned hard to express yourself. Do you have a clear answer to questions like:
What’s the number one priority in your career?
Why did you apply for this job?
What does your business exactly do?
Often, we just come up with the first thing that pops up in our mind.
And after a barrage of meaningless words, we think, “what on earth did I just say?”
I’ve made a list of the best books I’ve read on writing. I must say that I don’t consider myself a writer first. Above everything else, I’m an entrepreneur. I like to share stories.
That’s why this list is more geared towards people who want to write better blogs, non-fiction, emails, cover letters, about pages, etc. Not people who want to write the next The Great Gatsby. I hope you find a book that’s relevant to you.
Stephen King is one hell of a thinker and writer. And the man churns out books like it’s nothing. Only that fact makes you want to read more about how his mind works.
If you write, and you haven’t read On Writing, it’s time to stop everything you do and get that book. My favorite Stephen King quote?
Probably this:
“The scariest moment is always just before you start. After that, things can only get better.”
If you want to do something, don’t be such a weasel. Just start already.
A solid book with solid advice about writing non-fiction. When you start reading this book, you immediately can tell the man knows his business. And he knows it well.
Zinsser, a respected writer, and teacher, talks about the principles and methods of writing in this book. But he also shares tips about different writing forms such as memoirs, sports, business, and humor.
This is a valuable book for all people who want to improve their writing and messaging.
I like the simplicity of this book. It’s short, simple, and to the point. This is more of a technical book with style suggestions about the English language.
In this little book, Strunk and White do a great job of demonstrating the most common style errors.
Style is such a complicated thing that I try to refer to this book often. One of my favorite pieces of advice from this book is this:
Pressfield is one of my favorite writers. The War Of Art is a classic.
In this book, he talks about why no one cares about your shit. If you’re trying to write and no one’s reading it, read this book.
Pressfield has a background in advertising. And you can tell. He knows how to sell his shit without being annoying.
We live in a world where everyone is trying to sell us all kinds of things. And it’s annoying. This book is essential if you want to stand out in an information-flooded world.
The Writers Journey is the most in-depth book on this list. It’s also the most comprehensive book I’ve read on storytelling. It’s also a very practical book.
It’s more like a textbook that you want to take notes on. Vogler, a story consultant for major Hollywood film companies, talks about the relationship between mythology and storytelling in this book.
It’s a classic for screenwriters and playwrights. After reading this book, you’ll truly understand the art of storytelling.
However, putting this stuff into practice is another story. That takes a lot of practice.
In life, everything is business. And so is writing. If you don’t know how to sell your writing, no one will ever read it.
And one of the best books you can read about copywriting, selling, and advertising is Confessions Of An Advertising Man. Ogilvy doesn’t need an introduction.
The man is a legend. And this book is definitely worth your time.
Studying vs. Doing
I hope you pick up one of these books and read them, or maybe reread them. However, never read too much about writing.
Because writing is not something you study, it’s something you do.
The world is full of paradoxes. One of the biggest is the tradeoff between having high and low expectations. It’s a prerequisite to becoming your best self.
On the one hand, we need to expect to win at life, otherwise; what’s the point of even trying? But on the other hand, we can’t be discouraged when we lose.
The two different concepts are perfectly explained by the following two quotes.
“You were born to win, but to be a winner, you must plan to win, prepare to win, and expect to win.” — Zig Ziglar
“Blessed is he who expects nothing, for he shall never be disappointed.”― Alexander Pope
The first quote says we should expect to win, the second one says we shouldn’t expect to win. So which attitude do you pick?
This is a hard concept to wrap your head around. It took me years to find a balance that worked for me.
There’s no point in “trying.” When you do something, you must do it well, and expect to win. I think that’s the attitude many winners share.
But you and I both know that your attitude is only one part of the equation. Without putting in the work, you must realize that you will not win. You can have all the talent in the world, if you don’t put it to work, you will never reach your full potential.
Winning, becoming good at your job, getting recognition — it all requires a lot of work. To reach our full potential, we must prioritize learning over pleasure.
That means we can’t become great and go out every weekend, watch movies every night, play video games, go shopping, and just hang out on the couch.
The Danger Of Low Expectations
But expecting to win can also be harmful if you’re not mentally strong. I’ve always been an optimistic person. That attitude has helped me a lot in life.
However, in my early twenties, I almost got discouraged to reach for my goals. Time and time again, I was disappointed by failure. Especially when I got out of college, I tried to start many different businesses. And everything failed except for the business I started with my dad.
Naturally, I felt like I couldn’t do it on my own. Look back, it was too early for me. But those high expectations almost made me give up. I’m glad I kept going and stayed positive.
The problem is not whether you fail or not. It’s about this: What do you want to do about it?
Cry and moan and say, “Why does this happen!!” We all know that’s not helpful. Instead, we must be indifferent to outcomes.
But still, I do think we must expect to win at everything in life: Your career, relationships, and money. Aim high and do everything in your control to become your best self. That’s the most useful way to spend your time.
Compare Yourself To Who You Were Yesterday
I like this idea from Jordan Peterson, who talks about comparing yourself to who you were yesterday, in his book 12 Rules For Life.
When you focus on yourself, there’s no disappointment about external factors.
You do everything you can, and if you lose, you will do better next time. Nothing can destroy you.
And if you fail? So what? Being sad or disappointed when things don’t turn out the way you expected is completely normal. I still don’t like to fail. But what’s not normal is blaming others or yourself.
Here’s the thing: Don’t take yourself nor life too seriously. We all know that blaming others is what fools do. You only create resentment and hatred by blaming other people for your losses in life.
But sadly, many honest, self-aware, and positive people blame themselves. And that’s also wrong.
Expect The Best From Yourself — Not From “The World”
In short, this is what I’ve learned about high and low expectations:
Have high expectations from yourself. Put in the work. Aim for becoming your best self.
Geneva Gear Mechanism The main component of this machine will be the Geneva mechanism (or Maltese Cross). The Geneva drive or Maltese cross is a gear mechanism that translates a continuous rotation into an intermittent rotary motion. Geneva mechanism, also called Geneva Stop, is one of the most commonly used devices for producing intermittent rotary motion, characterized by alternate periods of motion and rest with no reversal in direction. Geneva Mechanisms are widely used in motion picture film projectors to intermittently advance film through a film gate having a projection aperture.
Geneva wheels having the form of the driven wheel were also used in mechanical watches , but not in a drive, rather to limit the tension of the spring , such that it would operate only in the range where its elastic force is nearly linear. If one of the slots of the driven wheel is occluded, the number of rotations the drive wheel can make is limited. In watches, the “drive” wheel is the one that winds up the spring, and the Geneva wheel with four or five spokes and one closed slot prevents overwinding (and also complete unwinding) of the spring. This so-called Geneva stop or “Geneva stop work” was the invention of 17th or 18th century watchmakers.
Other applications of the Geneva drive include the pen change mechanism in plotters , automated sampling devices, banknote counting machines, and many forms of indexable equipment used in manufacturing (such as the tool changers in CNC machines; the turrets of turret lathes , screw machines , and turret drills; some kinds of indexing heads and rotary tables ; and so on). The Iron Ring Clock uses a Geneva mechanism to provide intermittent motion to one of its rings.
India has one of the largest road networks in the world, aggregating to about 54.7 lakh km. The growing importance of road transport over rail transport is mentioned below:
The construction cost of roads is much lower than that of railway lines.
Roads can cover more geographically harder locations that cannot be done by the railways.
Roads can negotiate higher gradients of slopes and can be easily built-in traverse mountains such as the Himalayas.
Road transport is economical.
It also provides door-to-door service
Road transport provides links between railway stations, air and seaports.
In India, roads are classified in the following six classes according to their capacity.
Golden Quadrilateral Super Highways
Golden Quadrilateral is a network of Highways connecting India’s four top metropolitan cities, namely Delhi, Kolkata, Chennai, Mumbai. These highway projects are being implemented by the National Highway Authority of India (NHAI).
National Highways
The National highways are a network of trunk roads that are laid and maintained by the Central Public Works Department (CPWD). The historical Sher-Shah Suri Marg is called National Highway No.1, between Delhi and Amritsar.
State Highways
Roads linking a state capital with different district headquarters are known as State Highways. These roads are constructed and maintained by the State Public Works Department (PWD).
District Roads
These roads connect the district headquarters with other places of the district. These roads are maintained by the Zila Parishad.
Other Roads
Rural roads, which link rural areas and villages with towns, are classified under this category. These roads received special impetus under the Pradhan Mantri Grameen Sadak Yojana.
Border Roads
Border Roads Organisation constructs and maintains roads in the bordering areas of the country. This organisation was established in 1960 for the development of the roads of strategic importance in the northern and north-eastern border areas.
Roads can also be classified on the basis of the type of material used for their construction such as:
Metalled roads may be made of cement, concrete or even bitumen of coal. These are all-weather roads.
Unmetalled roads go out of use in the rainy season.
Iam going to write about bathukamma festival today.
This festival takes place in Telangana,and some parts of Andhra Pradesh.
Bathukamma is a floral festival celebrated every year.It is gloriously celebrated for nine days starting from bhadrapada pournami.
The 9-day festivities will wind up on “Saddula Bathukamma” or “Pedda Bathukamma” festival on Ashwayuja Navami, popularly known as Durgashtami which is two days before Dussehra.
Bathukamma festival is also called the festival of life ,celebrated to thank Goddess Parvati for her blessings for the crop harvest and income she helped generate this current year and again ask her blessing for the next year also.
Women dress up in sarees and girls dress up in lehanga,half saree .They wear various types of accessories and jewelry .
People of all ages come together and enjoy this festival merrily.They make various prashads(sweet)daily during this 9 day period and attain puja.
Flowers from each region are used in making the floral stack and the women gather around these stacks and sing songs and dance happily.
The folk songs sung here are very special and the graceful and cheerful dances uplifts the whole atmosphere and participating in this festival will always leave you with beautiful memories.
They enjoy this festival together with everyone which brings people closer to each other and brightens the mood and vibe of the whole place.
From telanganatourism.gov.in
Each day has a special and unique bathukamma which are listed below:
Day 1: Angili pula Bhathukamma
Day 2: Attukula Bhathukamma
Day 3: Muddappappu Bhathukamma
Day 4: Nanbiyyam Bhathukamma
Day 5: Atla Bhathukamma
Day 6: Aligina Bhathukamma (alaka Bhathukamma)
Day 7: Vepakayala Bhathukamma
Day 8: Venna muddala Bhathukamma
Day 9: Saddula Bhathukamma brothers bring flowers to mother and sisters to do bathukamma. – wikipedia
This festival depicts our culture and tradition.This festival reminds to us that we should never forget our roots ,our culture, our traditions and reminds us of the beauty of our culture.
“The only difference between success and failure is ability to take action.”….. Alexander Graham Bell
WHAT IS A FAILURE?
According to Wikipedia, “FAILURE is the state or condition of not meeting a desirable or intended objective, and may be viewed as opposite of success.”
In another definition of “ FAILURE is the act of falling short of a goal of a person, who hasn’t achieved what they set out to. It is a cessation of proper functioning or performance or rather a decline in strength or effectiveness.”
HOW IS IT DIFFER WITH SUCCESS?
Your action in your field of work, in your niche, in your desired goal of life, actually work like a decisive factor. If you feel harassed, defeated, exhausted, and give up pursuing, your efforts are bound to hang in the hands of destiny. These things leave you to procrastinate. Start moving away from the active zone and surrender to a gloomy laziness and here begins your downfall.
Now if you see this entire act in opposite train, you are able to penetrate and grip the reason of failure. You reschedule and reprogram your activity. You put more organised, alive and determined endeavour and keep faith within yourself, you are bound to hug success.
FAILURES ARE OUR BEST TEACHERS.
They are stepping stones to success, or to put it in other Words, they are the pillars of success. Since failures teach us to introspect or peep within, they make us think of our weaknesses and flaws and learn lessons from them and vow not to repeat these mistakes again in life. In this way they are a mirror to our real personality and provide scope for upgrading ourselves. Failures may discourage, depress, or demoralize. Most do shake a person’s confidence at least for some time but nor for ever. The real strength of a man comes out only when he faces the ups and downs of life with patience and perseverance.
BE OPTIMISTIC
Men of courage face each rejection courageously and come out unharmed and unblemished. Failures and sufferings bring out the best of human beings. They learn that life is not a bed of roses only; it is full of challenges, obstacles and obstructions which can be set aside with persistent hard work and repeated efforts. To achieve anything in life one has to be aggressive, as nothing is achieved by being passive or pessimistic. Fear of failure may be a hindrance for some people, but to any daring person, it is just an illusion. You may think something is standing in your way, but there is nothing there.
You have an opportunity to do your best and conquer success. If it turns out that your best was not good enough, you’ll just have to look back and say, maybe I was too afraid to try, it was not good enough. There is nothing wrong with that, but nevertheless, a great eye-opener.
HOW DOES IT WORK LIKE A PROPELLING FACTOR?
Failure always made me try harder the next time. Think positive. and find fuel in failure’ is a sound advice. Failure will surely get you closer to where you want to be. The greatest discoverers had to face hundreds of failures before the final answers were found. The inventors, researchers and pathfinders had to encounter manifold hardships and opposition. But were they deterred by failures? Many often could not taste success but left great legacy to be followed by others to seek inspiration and take up their half-finished work. The world would not have progressed and the march to civilization would have halted if failures could dampen the spirit of the people. It is, therefore, advisable not to be discouraged by failures but to develop positive attitude to life, that obstacles are bound to be there. Only commitment to your mission must be steadfast.
SO…..NEVER GIVE UP
Therefore, when failures appear awfully incontrollable and life appears miserable, one has to remember “The end part of every night is the darkest one and then comes the dawn.” Thus, when nothing appears to work out in the desired way and all roads seems to lead to failures, one has to just remember the advent of the dawn. Therefore, we shouldn’t drop hope but keep on trying till we achieve. No one knows, that the final round exertion may declare one a champion.
Jivaka Komarabhacca was a renowned legendary physician of ancient Indian and the personal physician of lord Buddha. Jivaka was lived in Rajagrha of the Magadha empire in 5th century BCE. He was the son of king Bimbisara and half brother of king Ajatasatru. Some sources say that jivaka was born for a courtesan who was called as amrapali but she discarded unwanted newborn baby in garbage dump outside the city of Ratnagiri in the kingdom of magadha. Fortunately, king bimbisara found the new born baby as live even in the harsh circumstences and named him as “JIVAKA” which means life.
Once as a teenager jivaka got to know about his birth secret and he felt ashamed of himself, later he decided to make money independently to repay for his adoptive father for his upbringing. The ayurveda medication forms has fascinated him a lot and he went to the greatest university of those times “TAKSASILA” to learn traditional medicine. He proved his excellence under the great guru of that time Atreya punarvasu. After completing his education jivaka became as a court physician to serve the king bimbisara of the magadha dynasty.
Jivaka was the most celebrated physician in India during the buddha time. Including king bimbisra himself sought for help from jivaka to cure his fistula problem and in some texts he is also depicted as a great surgeonist who performed many complex surgeries like brain surgery and surgery for volvulus etc… When buddha’s foot was injured because of the rock splinter, Jivaka helped him as a physician to cure the injury.
Later, he felt great pleasure to be as a physician to lord buddha and as he influenced by the teachings of buddha he showed interest in building monasteries for the monks. There is a saying that buddha did not accepted him as a monk but he accepted him as his lay disciple because buddha want him to remain free to help the sick people.
Even todays Thai massage therapy was also developed by Jivaka. His all medical techniques were stored in the form of jivaka sutras. Jivaka was an early physician than Bodhi dharma. His texts were even now stored in the chinese old buddhist libraries. Thailand people used to call him as father of doctors. He is also known as shivago kompara in Thailand.
CONCLUSION:
Jivaka is such a great Indian physician and a great surgeonist but he is not that much well known to our Indians when compared with Thailand people and chinese. Thailand citizens constructed a gaint statue of jivaka for his traditional medication techniques but we as Indians, we forgotted about our great ancient personalties and today we are in a situation to seek help from abroad countries for small problems also. Finally, Jivaka always believed that prevention is more important than directly going for treatment.
” THE MORE YOU LEARN FROM THE PAST THE BETTER YOU CAN PREPARE FOR THE FUTURE”
When prevention of climate change is uncertain, preparation is necessary .
CLIMATE CHANGE
Climate change continues to cause unusual and unpredictable weather around the world. Longer drought, flooding, major stroke, snowfall, temperature extreme will increase earth’s temp upto 3-4 ‘C.
Rising CO² level and warmer earth means plant will grow bigger (more surface area of leaves) and thus plant consume more water. Thus, we face water scarcity.
Smog contain Ozone particles and causes various problems – asthma, heart disease, skin cancer etc.
Plant sciences is the study of plants in all their forms and interactions using a scientific approach.
California’s Almond Orchard:-
In the past, for removing and disposing of the old trees we burn them in the field. But now Old trees are ground, chipped and turned back into soil before New almond tress are planted. It help almond orchard to be more sustainable and resilient to drought and also increasing carbon content in soil.
Whole orchard recycling result compare to burned treatment : 1) Sequester 5 tons of carbon per hectare. 2) Increase water-use efficiency by 20 percent. 3) Increase crop yields by 19 percent.
scientists from the BBSRC managed to breed a new fast-growing broccoli that no longer relies on a period of cold weather to flower, and goes from seed to harvest in only 8-10 weeks. This discovery is especially relevant for broccoli, as it is flower buds that we eat.
Many terrestrial, freshwater, and marine species have shifted their geographic ranges, seasonal activities, migration patterns, abundances, and species interactions in response to ongoing climate change.
Increased carbon dioxide tends to suppress photo-respiration in plants.
C⁴ plant adapt better for high CO² Concentration and photorespiration.
It make 4 C sugar (OAA) thus fix more CO² and produce high amount of energy.
It suited for hot dry climate.
C4 plants include such low-latitude crops as maize, sorghum, sugar-cane, and millet, plus many pasture and forage grasses.
Better adapt for photo oxidation. Prevent photooxidation due to kranz anatomy.
THE CLIMATE CRISIS HAS ALREADY BEEN SOLVED. WE ALREADY HAVE A FACTS AND SOLUTIONS . ALL WE HAVE TO DO IS WAKE-UP AND CHANGE – Greta Thunburg
Land reforms refer to the efforts made by the government to reform the ownership and regulation of land. Land reforms play a great role in the rural agrarian economy. During the pre independence period, there were three types of land tenure systems in India.
The Zamindari System– This system was created by the East India Company as a result of the permanent settlement between Lord Cornwallis and landlords. In this system revenue was collected from farmers by the zamindars or the landlords.
The Mahalwari System– This system was introduced by William Bentinck in Oudh and Agra and was latter extended to Madhya Pradesh. In this system the revenue was collected by village headman on behalf of whole village and here whole village was treated as a unit.
The Ryotwari System– This system was introduced in Tamil Nadu and was extended to Maharashtra, East Punjab, Assam, Coorg and Baar. In this system the land revenue was collected was paid directly by the farmers to the state.
In all three systems, there was exploitation and deprivation. Zamindari system created a class of zamindars who did not work and took away surplus from the cultivators. The lives of tenants and sub tenants was miserable. In the post independent India, land reforms were introduced to stop the exploitation that had been prevailing in the land tenure systems. https://www.indiaagronet.com/indiaagronet/agri_economics/CONTENTS/Land%20Tenure.htm The first and foremost step in doing so was abolition of intermediaries. The main reason of exploitation was zamindars. The Zamindari Abolition Act took four and a half years to become a law. Official documents state that zamindari has been abolished now and zamindars are now the big landowners. This has lead to a decline in the exploitation of tenants and the feudal rural structure has crumbled down. Another step taken was the tenancy reforms. Under this, regulation of rent was done. Security of tenure was provided as well. This was done to protect tenants and grant them permanent rights in land. Ownership rights for tenants were also given. Reorganisation of Agriculture was another land reform. Here ceilings on agricultural holdings were provided. Ceiling refers to the legal limit on the amount of land which an individual can hold. However, in rural India, implementing ceiling laws is rather difficult because of the balance of power is weighted against the landless. Another land reform was the consolidation of holdings. This reform was done to solve the problem of fragmented land holdings. In this method one consolidated holding is provided equal to the total of scattered plots. The problem that arises in this reform is the fertility and location of the new land which is provided. Cooperative farming is another land reform which has been advocated to solve the problems created by subdivision of holdings. In this method, farmers who have small land holdings work together for cultivation. It has many advantages. Expensive implements can be bought by clubbing money together. Market surplus of food grain can be obtained more easily. It also encourage the spirit of cooperation. https://www.rauias.com/daily-current-affairs-for-upsc-ias/land-reforms-in-india-an-analysis-upsc/
Peoples in India can see the Himalayas with naked eyes for the first time in ‘decades
The unprecedented global disruption caused by the coronavirus pandemic is likely causing a sharp, brief drop in carbon emissions.
Due to global lockdown ‘s impact on transport, demand for oil has fallen at an unprecedented scale.
Gas demand falls less than oil or coal.
The country’s CO² emission fell down by 15% during March and fell 30%in April.
According to Daily data from the national grid. Coal – fired power generation fell 15% in March and 31% in April.
Renewable energy generation increased by 6.4% in March.
Due to reduced power generation, Industrial activity and transport volume. Thus, it has reduced fossil – related and cement – induced CO² emission.
China is the first country where the virus’s impact on carbon emissions became visible
Carbon dioxide emission in China
According to China Emissions Accounts and Datasets(CEADs) :
Reduction of 257.7 Mt. (11%) over Q1 2019
Secondary industry contributed 186.8Mt.(72.5%) CO² to the total reduction (largely due to lower coal consumption and cement production).
Hubei contributed 40.6Mt. reduction (due to decrease of 48.2%in secondary industry).
Transportation significantly contributes 65.1Mt. With a change of – 22.3% in freight transport and – 59.1% in passenger transport compared with Q1 2019.
Globally :
Aviation decreased by 75%.
Surface Transport by 50%.
Power generation by 15%.
Industry – uncertain but~35%.
Small increase in residential buildings of 5%.
Fossil Fuel:
Drop 8% in 3 month and peak drop 17% unprecedented
Emissions in individual countries decreased by ~27%.
Emission from surface transport accounted for 43% of decrease, industry and power together accounted 43% and aviation.
Drop in CO² Emissions had no detectable impact on atmospheric CO² or Climate change
It is extremely small compared to the emission accumulated.
Carbon dioxide emissions in India
As lower power demand growth and competition from renewables weakened the demand for thermal power generation through the last 1 year.
CO² emission fell by an estimated 15% during March and 30% in April.
The fiscal year ending March, coal sales by main coal producer Coal India Ltd. Fell by 4.3%.
Coal import increased by3.2%
Total coal delivery fell by 2%
In March, coal output increased 6.5%.
Oil Demand :
Oil consumption slow down since early 2019.
During national lockdown, oil consumption fell 18% on March 2020.
Crude oil production in India decrease 5.9% compared to last financial year.
Thus, CO² emissions fell by 30mt.(1.4%) in fiscal year ending March.
Environmental health due to Carbon Emission during Global lockdown
The positive effect of lockdown is to decrease the CO2 emission by −17% (−11 to −25%) by 7th April 2020 with respect to the mean level of emission in 2019.
Air quality index (AQI) is the assessment of air quality. The lower the AQI value, the better is the air. The normal air quality index range is (100−200) and presently it is in the satisfactory range (50–100) category as reported by Gurfam being a scientist at SAFAR.
Zambrano-Monserrate et al. (2020) reported that the air quality index (AQI) has decreased by 44%, 33%, 29%, 15% and 32% in north, south, east, central and western India respectively.
The same study also shows that from March 16th to April 14th, 2020, 22 cities of India show the reduction of PM10 (Particulate matter), PM2.5, CO, NO2, by 43, 31, 10 and 18%. During the quarantine period in COVID-19, the amount of NO2 was decreased by 22.8 μg/m3 and 12.9 μg/m3 in Wuhan and China respectively.
In 367 cities, the PM2.5 fell by 18.9 μg/m3. As per the report of CAMS 2020 reduction of 20–30% of PM2.5 is observed in a wide area of China.
Mahato et al.investigated that after three weeks of lockdown period from 24th March 2020, pollution of the Delhi, India, has experienced a noticeable reduction of different air pollution causing materials in the following Table
Comparison between different pollutants present in air before and after lockdown.
Reduction in carbon emission also lead to Ozone layer recovery over Antarctica:
The ozone layer is found in the upper atmosphere called the stratosphere between 10 and 50 km from the earth.
The ozone layer acts as a natural sunscreen and plays a very important function by absorbing the harmful U—V rays from the sun.
Ozone-depleting substances (ODS) are gases such as chlorine and/or bromine which breaks the ozone layer in the stratosphere. Various ODS are present in the environment are chlorofluorocarbon (CFCs), hydrochlorofluorocarbon (HCFCs), Methyl chloride and various halones.
By the reaction with UV sunlight, these gases form chlorine and bromine and they are responsible for the depletion of the ozone layer.
The international community signed the Montreal Protocol on substances about the depletion of the ozone layer, 30 years ago.
According to the protocol, the consumption and production of ozone-depleting compounds should be regulated.
By banning chlorine-containing synthetic compounds the rate of depletion declined and scientists expect to recover back to the 1980 level up to 2070.
As per the scientific data of 2018, the stratosphere recovered at the rate of 1–3% per decade since 2000.
After the lockdown began on Jan 23, the particulate matter pollution decreased by an average of 35% and NO2 decreased by an average of 60%.
At the same period, scientists found the average surface ozone concentration increased by a factor of 1.5–2.
Emission of ozone-depleting substances is also natural or man-made.
All man-made emission is controlled because of lockdown during COVID-19.
Production and consumption of ODS are also reduced. The World meteorological Organization (WMO) states that economic activity has been limited during COVID-19 which results in a decline in CO2 emission.
In 2019, As per NASA and NOAA reported that the south pole region of Antarctica has warm temperature in the upper atmosphere which caused a small ozone hole since it was first seen in 1982 .
On 23rd April 2020 Copernicus, atmospheric monitoring services (CAMS) announced that the largest hole was ever seen in the ozone layer over the arctic has been closed.
Although lockdown is surely showing the prominent sign of nature, balance restoration of the ozone layer .
The map of holes in the ozone layer over Antarctica (a) 23rd May, 2020 (b) September 08, 2019
Impact of COVID 19 on Energy resources
The breakout of the Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) toward the end of 2019 and its culminating transformation into a global pandemic sent shockwaves across the nations. Not only people lost their lives to it, but also numerous industries and governments as a whole succumbed to its impacts. To prevent the spread of the disease, many countries have resorted to observing country-wide lockdowns, damaging the normalcy of their economy. The world economy has seen new lows by trillions of dollars during this period, giving rise to times of constant anxiety about the future. The renewable energy sector, which has always been one of the leading areas to promote sustainability in terms of the environment, too is not spared from being affected by the pandemic. An amalgamation of the effects of the pandemic on the global economy and fluctuating oil prices resulting from country-wide lockdowns across the world further triggered its impact on the renewable energy industry. This work highlights the extensive impacts of COVID-19 on the renewable energy sector of India, a country that has proved itself to be proactive and progressive when it comes to solutions toward sustainable development. It showcases the present impacts of the pandemic on the sector and highlights future projections of the way it may continue to affect this sector as the world continues to struggle with the pandemic. The authors have brought up a set of their opined regulations that the administration and policymakers of the renewable energy sector of India can adopt to avert or reduce the extensivity of the impact of COVID-19 on their sector.
“WHOLE UNIVERSE BOWS TO LORD SHIVA, I BOWS TO LORD SHIVA”
BOOK 1: THE IMMORTALS OF MELUHA- One of the most fascinating book when it comes to read through mythological genre. The dream to see Shiva as a human comes into reality. A mixture of thriller, romance, action, and comedy. An complete package to know deeply the cultural roots of India. Exploring and defining the minute details to paint the most imaginative of landscapes, structures and people gives him the upper hand over the contemporary writings in India. he language used makes certain that the story could reach to the average Indian and besides a few instances, there is very little that you’ll have to concentrate hard on to understand. It proves to be the best starting of journey closer to Lord Shiva.
BOOK 2: THE SECRETS OF NAGAS- It reveals many mystries still some are left, the entry of Ganesh and Kali, the real faces of nagas are discovered. The journey of Kartik growing up, much secrets of pasts everything seems to fit as a perfect piece on the puzzle. The secrets of secrets is exposed! Many thrillers and suspense are beautifully presented. More curiosity had risen in minds of people. The book will definitely fulfill your expectations of the sequel book. It’s also the acceptance of the books, which nonetheless invades the privacy of religious monotone scriptures, but at the same time, shines a torch on it, proves the plot strength of our religious books and shows the readiness of people to help grow the literary scene of our country.
BOOK 3: THE OATH OF VAYUPUTRAS- Amish had done a great sum up of the story. The evil is exposed and many hidden secrets had come into light. Shiva takes it upon himself to fight against the fiercest of warriors, thereby leading the people away from what they believed to be good. And then, well, you can guess how it all ends! The journey is well depicted even at the end. Ending is not marked as great as one expect but it shows the real life destiny of one’s life. Indeed the book proved to be a nice conclusive one. It also brings to light certain key topics like loyalty, companionship and the battle to banish evil from our minds.
Obsessive compulsive disorder is a mental health disorder that affects people of all ages and walks of life . It occurs when an individual gets caught in a cycle of obsessions and compulsions . It can be said that person with OCD are plagued by constant thoughts of fears that cause them to perform rituals or routines . The disturbing thoughts are called obsessions and rituals are called compulsions .
In simple words , OCD is a type of mental of disorder that causes repeated unwanted thoughts . To get rid of the unwanted thoughts , he/she performs the same task/activity again and again . For example, a person may fear that everything he/she touches has germs on it . So , to get rid of that fear he/she washes his/her hands again and again . Persons suffering from OCD might understand that their obsessions are unreasonable , but trying to stop or ignore them causes anxiety and stress . There are some symptoms of OCD , which may range from mild to severe . Some of the obsession and compulsions are mentioned below.
Main obsessions
A fear of harm to yourself or loved one .
A fear of contamination by germs .
A forceful or driving need to perform things perfectly or correctly .
Having excessive doubt on any individual .
A fear of being embarrassed .
A fear of getting dirty .
A fear of making mistakes.
Main compulsions
Repeating things or always moving items to keep them in exact order .
Bathing or washing hands several times.
Checking things over and over again.
Repeating specific words.
Hoarding .
Constant praying.
Causes of OCD
The exact cause of obsessive compulsive disorder is still unknown . Research studies suggest that there may be a problem with the way one part of the brain sends information to another part . Serotonin is the chemical in the brain that sends messages from one part to another . Insufficiency of serotonin may help in causing OCD . Stress and anxiety do not cause OCD but they may worsen the symptoms of OCD.
Recent studies have indicated that there may be considerable genetic basis for OCD. Depression is also thought to be the cause of OCD but the experts’ opinion is split .
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