Category: Health

Organic Farming in India: The Future of Sustainable Agriculture

Organic Farming Produce

Introduction

The term ‘organic’ was first coined by Northbourne, in 1940, in his book entitled ‘Look to the Land’. In recent years, organic farming as a cultivation process is gaining increasing popularity . Organically grown foods have become one of the best choices for both consumers and farmers. Organically grown foods are part of go green lifestyle.

Farmers showing their Organic Harvest

Why Being Preferred These Days: The Importance of Organic Farming

Food quality and safety are two vital factors that have attained constant attention in common people. Growing environmental awareness and several food hazards (e.g. dioxins, bovine spongiform encephalopathy, and bacterial contamination) have substantially decreased the consumer’s trust towards food quality in the last decades. Intensive conventional farming can add contamination to the food chain. For these reasons, consumers are quested for safer and better foods that are produced through more ecologically and authentically by local systems. Organically grown food and food products are believed to meet these demands.

Organic Farming Processes

Organic Farming Process

Organic farming and food processing practices are wide-ranging and necessitate the development of socially, ecologically, and economically sustainable food production system. The International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movements (IFOAM) has suggested the basic four principles of organic farming, i.e. the principle of health, ecology, fairness, and care . The main principles and practices of organic food production are to inspire and enhance biological cycles in the farming system, keep and enhance deep-rooted soil fertility, reduce all types of pollution, evade the application of pesticides and synthetic fertilizers, conserve genetic diversity in food, consider the vast socio-ecological impact of food production, and produce high-quality food in sufficient quantity.

Principles of Organic Farming  

According to the National Organic Programme implemented by USDA Organic Food Production Act (OFPA, 1990), agriculture needs specific prerequisites for both crop cultivation and animal husbandry. To be acceptable as organic, crops should be cultivated in lands without any synthetic pesticides, chemical fertilizers, and herbicides for 3 years before harvesting with enough buffer zone to lower contamination from the adjacent farms. Genetically engineered products, sewage sludge, and ionizing radiation are strictly prohibited. Fertility and nutrient content of soil are managed primarily by farming practices, with crop rotation, and using cover crops that are boosted with animal and plant waste manures. Pests, diseases, and weeds are mainly controlled with the adaptation of physical and biological control systems without using herbicides and synthetic pesticides. Organic livestock should be reared devoid of scheduled application of growth hormones or antibiotics and they should be provided with enough access to the outdoor. Preventive health practices such as routine vaccination, vitamins and minerals supplementation are also needed.

Principles of Organic Farming

Types of Organic Farming

Organic Farming are of two types. Here are the two types of Organic Farming being performed in India.

(a) Pure Organic Farming – pure organic farming, there is avoiding every unnatural chemical. In the process of pure farming, fertilizer and pesticides obtain from natural sources. It is called a pure form of organic farming. Pure organic farming is the best for high productivity. 

(b) Integrated Organic Farming – Integrated organic farming consists of integrated nutrients management and integrated pest management.

Organic Farming in India

Organic farming is in a nascent stage in India. About 2.78 million hectare of farmland was under organic cultivation as of March 2020, according to the Union Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers’ Welfare. This is two per cent of the 140.1 million net sown area in the country. A few states have taken the lead in improving organic farming coverage, as a major part of this area is concentrated only in a handful of states. Madhya Pradesh tops the list with 0.76 million of area under organic cultivation — that is over 27 per cent of India’s total organic cultivation area. The top three states — Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan and Maharashtra — account for about half the area under organic cultivation. The top 10 states account for about 80 per cent of the total area under organic cultivation. Sikkim is the only Indian state to have become fully organic so far. Even though India has very small organic area under cultivation, in terms of number of organic farmers it is being ranked first. India has over 1.9 million farmers as of March 2020, which is 1.3 per cent of 146 million agricultural landholders.

Advantages and Disadvantages of Organic Farming

Advantages of Organic Farming

Organic farming in India is very economical, it uses no expensive fertilizers, pesticides, HYV seeds for the plantation of crops. It has no expenses. 

With the use of cheaper and local inputs, a farmer can earn a good return on investment. This is one of the most important benefits of organic farming in India. 

There is a huge demand for organic products in India and worldwide and can earn more income through export.

Organic products are more nutritional, tasty, and good for health to chemical and fertilizer utilized products. 

Organic farming in India is very environment friendly, it does not use fertilizers and chemicals. 

Disadvantages of Organic Farming

Organic farming in India has fewer choices, and off-season crops are limited.

Organic agricultural products are low in the early years. Farmers find it difficult to accommodate mass production.

The main disadvantage of organic farming is the lack of marketing of the products and Inadequate infrastructure.

Organic Farming in India

Future of Organic Farming in India

India is an agriculture-based country with 67% of its population and 55% of manpower depending on farming and related activities. Agriculture fulfils the basic needs of India’s fastest-growing population accounted for 30% of total income. Organic farming has been found to be an indigenous practice of India that practised in countless rural and farming communities over the millennium. The arrival of modern techniques and increased burden of population led to a propensity towards conventional farming that involves the use of synthetic fertilizer, chemical pesticides, application of genetic modification techniques, etc.

Organic Farming leads to Sustainability and Holistic Growth

Even in developing countries like India, the demand for organically grown produce is more as people are more aware now about the safety and quality of food, and the organic process has a massive influence on soil health, which devoid of chemical pesticides. Organic cultivation has an immense prospect of income generation too. The soil in India is bestowed with various types of naturally available organic nutrient resources that aid in organic farming.

As per data collected from Government of India

Conclusion

India is a country with a concrete traditional farming system, ingenious farmers, extensive drylands, and nominal use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides. Moreover, adequate rainfall in north-east hilly regions of the country where few negligible chemicals are employed for a long period of time, come to fruition as naturally organic lands. Organic farming yields more nutritious and safe food. The popularity of organic food is growing dramatically as consumer seeks the organic foods that are thought to be healthier and safer. Thus, organic food perhaps ensures food safety from farm to plate. The organic farming process is more eco-friendly than conventional farming. Organic farming keeps soil healthy and maintains environment integrity thereby, promoting the health of consumers. Moreover, the organic produce market is now the fastest growing market all over the world including India. Organic agriculture promotes the health of consumers of a nation, the ecological health of a nation, and the economic growth of a nation by income generation holistically. India, at present, is the world’s largest organic producers and with this vision, we can conclude that encouraging organic farming in India can build a nutritionally, ecologically, and economically healthy nation in near future.

Mental Health in India

Over the last two years in India, some of the most significant changes in thought and opinion, both positive and negative, were seen on the issue of mental health. Mental health refers to a person’s psychological, emotional, and social well-being. As individuals, we tend to be more focused on our physical well-being. But it is important to maintain a healthy body and a healthy mind as well.

When the COVID-19 pandemic hit the world, there was fear, panic, and a lot of confusion. People’s mental health took a heavy toll. The situation in India was not different either. According to a study by Lancet in 2020, there was an increase of 35% in the number of anxiety and depression cases reported in the country. Covid-19 patients often suffer from depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress related to the disease. Front-line workers and people in the healthcare system also face issues of stress and insomnia and may face a lot of stigma from their communities. The situation has obviously relaxed these days, but the lockdown days were definitely a difficult period for everyone. The general population also suffered from issues such as stress, anxiety, depression, and loneliness. Spending time in isolation or quarantine led to increased concerns regarding suicidal thoughts and suicidal ideation, particularly among the youth. There was increased alcohol consumption and drug use, even as many cases of people suffering from severe withdrawal symptoms were reported due to the sudden unavailability of alcohol and other addictive substances during the lockdown.

While there has been a lot of distress, the lockdown has been beneficial for a fraction of people too. For some, it gave them the opportunity to spend previously unavailable time at home with their family, with work and studies going online.

In India, mental illness has long had a perceived sense of judgment attached to it. Mental disorders are usually not considered a real problem that requires proper medical care and treatment. There is a lot of stigma regarding it in our society. While timely diagnosis, professional help, and therapy can be very helpful for patients with mental illnesses, many are not usually ready to seek the required help. They feel a sense of shame and embarrassment in having to seek medical help. Lack of awareness and education also makes it difficult for people to properly express their emotional distress in such cases. Many are not aware of disorders like PTSD, behavioral and eating disorders. Mental health services may also not be easily available or affordable for everyone. There is a major portion of the population whose mental issues go untreated.

Regardless, the pandemic period has evidently brought a change in the mentality of people regarding this topic. With more people talking openly about their mental health struggles, the conversation around this topic has become more mainstream. Many now understand the importance of opening up and seeking help for their mental issues. They also understand the Importance of supporting those who require help. In a study conducted by LiveLoveLaugh in 2020, 92% of those surveyed said that they would seek treatment and support those who seek treatment for mental illness. This is a definite increase from the 54% who were of this opinion in the same survey conducted in 2018.

The central and state governments have also done work in increasing the general awareness about mental health and improving the country’s mental health services. The Government of India has initiated two major programs to tackle this problem. The National Mental Health Program (NMHP) was launched by the Government in 1982 with the following objectives:

  • To ensure the availability and accessibility of minimum mental healthcare for all in the foreseeable future, particularly to the most vulnerable and underprivileged sections of the population
  • To encourage the application of mental health knowledge in general healthcare and in social development
  • To promote community participation in the mental health service development and to stimulate efforts towards self-help in the community.

Under NMPH, the District Mental Health Program (DMHP) was launched in 1996 which also concentrated on improving public awareness, providing training to professionals, and ensuring early detection and treatment of mental illnesses.

During the lockdown period, the three central mental health institutions- National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro-Sciences (NIMHANS), Central Institute of Psychiatry (CIP), and Lokopriya Gopinath Bordoloi Regional Institute of Mental Health (LGBRIMH), under the direction of Central Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, started a national helpline with the aim of supporting people with mental health concerns that arose out of the COVID-19 pandemic.

It is essential that such efforts and meaningful conversations regarding the topic of mental health take place in our society. Everyone should be educated and made aware of such issues, including children. They need to accept that mental health issues are normal. The important thing is to take action and reach out for professional help. A person seeking help for their mental health issues is not inferior or weird, and they require all the support they can get.

Key to Happiness

What is happiness? It is something demanded by each and every being on this planet. People search for happiness in books, lectures, speaker sessions, etc, but where actually happiness lies? This articles discusses some key points of happiness and how to achieve them:

“Most folks are about as happy as they make up their minds to be.” – Abraham Lincoln

Happiness is the end of every action and is the ultimate goal of human being. As defined by Aristotle :

“Happiness is the meaning and the purpose of life , the whole aim and end of human existence.”

Panchakarma Therapy

What is Panchakarma Therapy?

In Ayurveda there are several ways to keep the body and mind fit. That is why, Panchakarma is important. To reduce the problems of body and mind with Panchakarma is helpful. Ayurveda says that the human body is made up of 5 elements (earth, water, fire, sky and air), the universe is also made of those same elements. When there is a disturbance in the ratio of these 5 elements in the body, then dosha i.e. problems occured. Ayurveda brings these elements back to normalize and thus cures diseases. Panchakarma is a special medical method of Ayurveda. is believed. It is used for purification and rejuvenation of the body. Through this method, all the 3 physical doshas: Vata, Pitta and Kapha are brought back to normal and they are removed from the body. Different types of procedures are used to remove different chemical and toxic substances from the body that contaminate the different organs and blood. 

WHO CAN AVAIL PANCHKARMA?

It has 3 categories

First category

In this category a person who want to relax and detox their body are come under this.

The body is purified during detoxification by eliminating toxins (harmful chemicals) from the body. Disease can also be healed in this manner. It is the process of purification of the body which is also beneficial for a healthy human lifestyle. 

Some of common problems in which one can take panchakarma:

  • Body relaxation
  • Headache
  • Stiffness in body
  • Tiredness due to hectic routine
  • For beauty purpose
  • For skin brightness and smoothness
  • to improve blood circulation

Therapies included:

  • Abhyanga (body massage)
  • Lepas
  • Sirodhara
  • Akshi tarpan
  • Fruit Mukha Lepam (Traditional Ayurvedic Fruit Facial)

Second category

Ayurveda is based on the principle of curing a patient’s condition and maintaining one’s health. As a result, Panchakarma is believed to be the ideal therapy for the treatment of both physical and mental disorders.

In second category severe patients with lifestyle disorders can have panchkarma.

Some of common problems in which one can take panchakarma:

  • Hypertension
  • Diabetes
  • Knee pain
  • Back pain 
  • Thyroid
  • Migraine
  • Obesity
  • Stomach ailments
  • insomnia 

Therapies include:

Herbs used according to doshas and diseases

  • Abhayanga
  • Patra Pinda Sweda (Leaf Bundle massage)
  • Shastik Shali Pinda Sweda (Medicated Rice massage)
  • Parishek (Medicated herbal water therapy)
  • Utsadan (Powder massage/ obesity massage)
  • Nabhi Vasti ( Umblical oil reservoir therapy)
  • Whole Body Lepam (Full Body Lapping)
  • Kati basti
  • Nasyam
  • Shirodhara
  • Janu basti
  • Dhoompan

Third category

This is primarily for chronic diseases. With the use of panchakarma, several major disorders that are persistent and untreatable in conventional ways can be treated.

Few common problems in which one can take panchakarma:

  • Arthritis,
  • Paralysis, 
  • Stomach related diseases,
  • Sinus
  • Cervical spondylitis, 
  • Sciatica, 
  • Sever Joint pain,
  • Eye and intestinal diseases 
  • Knee replacement
  • Depression
  • Neurological disorders
  • Varicose vein
  • Osteoporosis
  • Conjunctivitis
  • Psoriasis others..

Therapies includes:

Herbs are used according to doshas and diseases

  • Sarvangya Abhayanga (Traditional Ayurvedic massage)
  • Patra Pinda Sweda (Leaf Bundle massage)
  • Shastik Shali Pinda Sweda (Medicated Rice massage)
  • Parishek (Medicated herbal water therapy)
  • Utsadan (Powder massage/ obesity massage)
  • Nabhi Vasti ( Umblical oil reservoir therapy)
  • Whole Body Lepam (Full Body Lapping) 
  • Churna Pinda Sweda (Herbal powder massage
  • Udvartana (Dry powder massage
  • Anuvasna Vasti (Oil enema therapy)
  • Niruha Vasti (Herbal enema therapy)
  • Jaluka & Leech Therapy (Blood purifier therapy)
  • Kati basti
  • Nasyam

YOGAASANAS



I’ve seen many people say ‘fitness is my passion’ but have never tried doing yoga. Why? Did you know that yoga is one of the most relaxing and fun way to be fit? Every Asana, every movement builds up the strength in your muscles and relaxes your mind and body. Yoga helps build flexibility and strength. When you hold a pose for a long time, you realize that your balance has also improved which surely gives you the confidence to continue practicing yoga for a healthier life.
It is said that yoga is derived from the Sanskrit word “yuji” which means union. In simple terms, it’s the union of your body, mind and soul. Oh also, an Asana is a body posture which starts with simple poses but with time and experience, it can get more complex and interesting. In this article, I’ll mainly be talking about Surya Namaskar/ Sun Salutation.
Surya Namaskar is a powerful force in practicing yoga. It consists of 12 yoga poses. It has a very positive impact on the mind and body, it’s also a great cardiovascular workout. There are many benefits of practicing this workout, it mainly helps with stimulating the nervous system, helps in flexibility, is an amazing solution to weight loss and improves cognitive functioning.

1) Pranamasana / Prayer pose :
Stand at the edge of your mat while keeping your foot together. As you inhale, lift both of your arms from the sides and while exhaling, bring your palms together and form a praying position.

2) Hastauttanasana / Raised arms pose :
The main purpose of this pose is to stretch your entire body so to do that you must breathe in, lift your arms up and then take it back while keeping your biceps close to the ears.

3) Hastapadasana / Standing forward bend :
While breathing out, bend forward from gbe waist but remember to keep the spine intact. After exhaling completely, bring your hands down and place them next to your feet.

4) Ashwa Sanchalanasana / Equestrian pose :
Push your right leg back but make sure to push it as far as you can and bring the right knee to the floor and look up but also keep in mind that the left foot is in between your palms.

5) Chaturanga Dandasana / Stick pose :
in and take the left leg back and bring the whole body to make a straight line.

6) Ashtanga Namaskara / Salute with eight joints :
Exhale while bringing your knees down to the floor, take your hips slightly back and slide forward. Make sure your two hands, two feet, two knees, chest and chin are on the floor.

7) Bhujangasana / Cobra pose :
For this pose, slide forward and raise your chest up to form a cobra pose. It’s advisable to keep your elbows bent and keep your shoulders away from your ears and look up the ceiling.

8) Adho Mukha Svanasana / Downward facing dog pose :
The inverted ‘V’ pose. Breathe out and lift your hips and the tailbone to make an inverted ‘V’. If it’s possible, try keeping your heels on the ground.

9) Ashwa Sanchalanasana / Equestrian pose :
Push your right leg back but make sure to push it as far as you can and bring the right knee to the floor and look up but also keep in mind that the left foot is in between your palms.

10) Hastapadasana / Standing forward bend :
While breathing out, bend forward from the waist but remember to keep the spine intact. After exhaling completely, bring your hands down and place them next to your feet.

11) Hastauttanasana / Raised arms pose :
The main purpose of this pose is to stretch your entire body so to do that you must breathe in, lift your arms up and then take it back while keeping your biceps close to the ears.

12) Tadasana / Mountain pose :
While exhaling, straighten your body and bring your arms down. Observing the sensations taking place in your body is the key point to master this pose.

Therefore, this completes Set 1. While doing Surya Namaskar, make sure to do 2 sets. For the second set, start with the left leg and bring the right foot forward in step 10.
The main purpose of doing yoga is to make sure you relax and enjoy this form of exercise. Always give yourself and your body enough time to adapt to this method and never rush into anything.

Cycling for Health and Fitness

Physical activity is required to be fit and healthy. Obesity, heart disease, cancer, mental illness, diabetes, and arthritis are all diseases that can be prevented by regular physical activity. One of the most effective strategies to lower your risk of health problems related with a sedentary life is to ride your bicycle on a regular basis.

Cycling is a low-impact, healthy activity that may be enjoyed by people of all ages, from toddlers to seniors. It’s also enjoyable, inexpensive, and environmentally friendly.

Riding to work or the shops is one of the most time-efficient ways to combine regular exercise with your everyday routine. An estimated one billion people ride bicycles every day – for transport, recreation and sport. It only takes two to four hours a week to achieve a general improvement to your health.

Photo by Andrea Piacquadio on Pexels.com

Health benefits of regular cycling

Cycling is mostly an aerobic activity, which means that your heart, blood vessels and lungs all get a workout. You will breathe deeper, sweat more, and have a higher body temperature, all of which will improve your overall fitness.

The health benefits of regular cycling include:

  • increased cardiovascular fitness
  • increased muscle strength and flexibility
  • improved joint mobility
  • decreased stress levels
  • improved posture and coordination
  • strengthened bones
  • decreased body fat levels
  • prevention or management of disease
  • reduced anxiety and depression.

Cycling and specific health issues

Cycling can improve both physical and mental health, and can reduce the chances of experiencing many health problems.

1) Obesity and weight control

Cycling is a good way to control or reduce weight, as it raises your metabolic rate, builds muscle and burns body fat. If you’re trying to lose weight, cycling must be combined with a healthy eating plan. Cycling is a comfortable form of exercise and you can change the time and intensity – it can be built up slowly and varied to suit you.

2) Cardiovascular disease and cycling

Cardiovascular diseases include stroke, high blood pressure and heart attack. Regular cycling stimulates and improves your heart, lungs and circulation, reducing your risk of cardiovascular diseases. Cycling strengthens your heart muscles, lowers resting pulse and reduces blood fat levels.

3) Cancer and cycling

Many researchers have studied the relationship between exercise and cancer, especially colon and breast cancer. Research has shown that if you cycle, the chance of bowel cancer is reduced. Some evidence suggests that regular cycling reduces the risk of breast cancer.

4) Diabetes and cycling

The risk of developing type 2 diabetes is rising, posing a severe threat to public health. Physical inactivity is known to be a primary factor in the development of this condition. Large-scale research in Finland found that people who cycled for more than 30 minutes each day had a 40% decreased chance of acquiring diabetes.

5) Bone injuries, arthritis and cycling

Cycling improves strength, balance and coordination. It may also help to prevent falls and fractures. Riding a bike is an ideal form of exercise if you have osteoarthritis, because it is a low-impact exercise that places little stress on joints.

Cycling does not specifically help osteoporosis (bone-thinning disease) because it is not a weight-bearing exercise.

6) Mental illness and cycling

Regular bike riding can help with mental health issues like sadness, stress, and anxiety. This is due to the effects of the exercise itself and because of the enjoyment that riding a bike can bring.

7) Hand cycling and health

Hand cycles are similar to recumbent tricycles, but instead of using foot pedals, they use hand power. If necessary, Velcro straps can be used to hold the hands to the pedals.

This style of tricycle allows amputees, people with spinal injuries and those recovering from certain conditions such as stroke to cycle as a form of exercise and recreation. Hand cyclists get the same cardiovascular and aerobic benefits as normal bicycles.

Benefits of Surya Namaskar

In Surya Namaskar, Surya refers to “the sun,” and Namaskar means “bowing down in respect.” This has been the most popular yogic kriyas for many decades now, as it combines 12 yoga asanas in a yogic sequence. Practicing Surya Namaskar daily helps in balancing three constituents of your body, i.e., Kapha, Pitta, and Vata, which will help you lead your life in a greater way and influence your creativity and intuitive abilities. It’s simple yet powerful poses are what make it possible for people of all age groups and all sizes to perform it, anytime, anywhere.

Benefits of Surya Namaskar

1) Helps lose weight

Surya namaskar at a fast pace serves as an effective cardiovascular workout. It includes poses that stretch the abdominal region which is helpful in burning the extra fat layer around the belly. Hence, it is effective in losing weight.

2) Improves overall flexibility

Along with the spine, the entire body experiences deep stretches while performing Surya Namaskar. It expands and contracts most of the muscles and keeps the body flexible and agile.

3) Relieves gastrointestinal issues

Surya Namaskar stimulates the digestive tract due to alternate stretching and contraction of abdominal muscles and organs. It keeps the digestive and gastrointestinal issues at bay.

4) Cures insomnia

Surya Namaskar includes a set of 12 poses along with synchronized breath that calms the mind and ensures sound sleep.

5) Regulates and eases the menstrual cycle

Females experiencing irregularity in their menses or pain or discomfort before or during menstruation find Surya namaskar quite relieving.

6) Lowers blood sugar levels

Surya namaskar involves poses that stimulate heart muscles and act as a natural remedy for controlling blood pressure. It regulates the blood sugar level keeping the heart healthy.

7) Helps getting rid of anxiety, stress, and depression

The deep breathing involved in Surya namaskar poses draws oxygen to the brain which brings the state of calm. Along with the nervous system, it benefits the endocrine system, especially the thyroid gland which uplifts the mood and fights against anxiety and depression.

8) Increases the focus and concentration power

As already mentioned that the benefits of Surya Namaskar are not limited to physical health as it also relaxes the mind. Therefore, the physical postures along with breath regulation in Surya Namaskar are helpful in increasing awareness levels along with enhancing the concentration power of the brain.

Conclusion

Various studies have shown how beneficial Surya Namaskar is for uplifting the overall health. Therefore, doing few rounds of Surya Namaskar before starting your hectic regular routine is a must if you want to live life to the fullest.

So, next time you wake up to start your day, consider how much productive you could be if you added Surya Namaskar to your daily routine.

The science of Sleep

Sleep is one of the most important part of our lives . We spend about one third of our life sleeping. It is as necessary as food and water. Sleep affects almost every type of tissue and system in the body.

Anatomy of sleep

Hypothalamus

It is a peanut- sized structure above the Pituitary gland deep in the brain. It acts as the control centre responsible for shutting down the brain’s arousal signals that affect sleep. The nerve cells of neurons in the hypothalamus are strongly activated during sleep. Within the hypothalamus is the Suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN)- groups of thousands of cells that receive data about light exposure directly from the eyes and controls the sleep rhythm.

Brain stem

The Pre-optic neurons and the brain stem produce a neurotransmitter called Gamma Amino Butyric Acid (GABA) which acts as an inhibitor as it blocks certain of signals and decreases activity in the nervous system.

Pons and Medulla

Pons, Medulla and mid brain send signals to relax or `paralyse’ muscles essential for body movement in the REM( rapid eye movement )sleep. This prevents The body to move the limbs in dreaming state and protects it from any damages by acting out.

Thalamus

It acts as a relay for information from the senses to the Cerebral Cortex. The cerebral cortex processes data from memory. In deep sleep stage, thalamus becomes quiet but during REM sleep or when we are dreaming, it becomes active sending out sounds,pictures or emotions that make our dreams.

Pineal gland

It is situated in the middle of the brain and is the major site for the production of hormone called Melatonin. This hormone helps put the body asleep when the lights go off. It helps with the timing of Circadian rhythm (internal biological clock) and with sleep.

Amygdala

An almond -shaped structure located deep within the temporal lobes of the brain. It is involved in the processing of emotions and memories. It becomes highly active during REM sleep.

Release of adenosine ,which is a chemical released by cells in the basal forebrain supports sleep drive. Taking caffeine blocks the action of this chemical.

Stages of sleep

Stage 1 Non REM sleep (NREM)

  • The brain slows down.
  • The heartbeat , eye movements and breathing slows.
  • Body relaxes and muscles may twitch.
  • Lasts 5-10 mins.

Stage 2 NREM sleep

  • The body becomes less aware of the surroundings.
  • Body temperature drops.
  • Eye movements stop.
  • Lasts about 20 minutes per cycle

The brain also produces rapid,rhythmic brain waves known as sleep spindles. This allows it to gather ,process and filter newly acquired memories.

Stage 3 NREM

  • Slow brain waves called Delta waves are produced.
  • It allows you to feel refreshed the next day.
  • This is the state of deepest sleep.
  • You are blood pressure drops and breathing slows.

REM sleep

  • Voluntary muscles become immobilised.
  • Rapid eye movement from side to side.
  • You are breathing becomes faster and irregular.
  • Heart rate and blood pressure increase.
  • You dream ( about 2 hours every night).
  • Begins about 90 minutes after falling asleep.
Brain wave activity

An average sleep cycle lasts about 90 minutes . Ideally, we need 5-6 cycles of sleep every 24 hours. Adults need 7 to 8 hours of sleep a night. Although scientists are still trying to learn exactly why we need sleep but studies show that sleep is necessary for survival. The amount of sleep affects our immune system ,nervous system, growth and memory. After all , it is a well know fact that:

Sleep is the best medicine.

Know your furry buddy

adorable-white-pomeranian-puppy-spitz-921029690-5c8be25d46e0fb000172effe.jpgDownload

Giggling and playing with your new puppy is so mesmerising. It is fun to look how your new doggy is gradually being comfortable with you. Be honest, you love it when your puppy snuggle into you unknowingly while taking little naps right. We all love that isn’t it. There comes a phase during his adulthood where your grown up doggy follows your every command, protects you, helps you stay away from toxicity and one thing is sure that your dog is a free therapy to your mental health. Your dog will become a part of your family just like that. But everything comes with a responsibility. Would you like if your dog suffers from food poisoning just because you didn’t knew what he ate last time was injurious to his health?  Ofcourse not,  you’ll do whatever it takes to make your furry friend healthy. Pepperoni is one of the most delicious items we know so far.

Almost everyone loves it. Ever wondered if it is good for your dog? Is it something your dog should enjoy or suffer after consuming?  So, in this series of Know your furry buddy, we’ll mainly focus on one question, Can dogs eat pepperoni?

It might seem harmless, after all, it is just meat. But can dogs eat pepperoni? In this guide you’ll learn all about this meat and how much of it is safe for dogs to eat.

For ultimate pet safety, I recommend consulting with your vet about all the questions you have about your dog eating pepperoni.

Dogs should not eat pepperoni. It contains too much sodium and fat for dogs. Some flavors and types of pepperoni might have seasonings in them that are unsafe for dogs.Dogs can safely eat one slice of pepperoni once in a long while – like a few times a year. More than that and they run the risk of experiencing digestive issues, salt poisoning, pancreatitis, or kidney damage.

This situation alone comes with several questions. We’ll try to deal with few of them

Can Dogs Eat Hot Pepperoni?

No, dogs can not eat hot pepperoni. Spicy foods will upset their stomach and give them digestive problems. Do not let your dog eat hot pepperoni.If your dog eats some hot pepperoni, give them plenty of water and watch for any signs of lethargy or dehydration. 

Can Dogs Eat Pepperoni Jerky?

Do not give your dog pepperoni jerky more than once every few months. Avoid any flavors that have garlic or onion powder since that is toxic for dogs.Don’t give your dog spicy jerky.

Can Dogs Eat Pepperoni Slices?

It is safe to give your dog one pepperoni slice every few months, but do not give them more than that. Too many pepperoni slices could cause your dog to consume too much salt and fat – both of which have bad health effects for dogs.

Can Dogs Eat Pepperoni Sticks?

Do not give your dog entire pepperoni sticks to munch on. That is far too much sodium and fat for your dog to eat all at once. Instead, give your dog a small part of a pepperoni stick.

Can Dogs Eat Turkey Pepperoni?

Dogs can safely eat small amounts of turkey pepperoni, just like traditional pepperoni. The type of meat doesn’t matter, it’s the amount of salt, fat, and the types of spices it has. If the turkey pepperoni is just as high in salt and fat, then only give them a little bit of it. If it has garlic or onion powder, don’t let them eat any of it.

Can Dogs Eat Pepperoni Pizza?

No, dogs should never eat pepperoni pizza. Pizza crust and sauce usually has garlic and onion powder – both are toxic for dogs.Pizza is also really high in sugars, fats, and sodium. It will give your dog an upset stomach and could lead to long-term health effects if they eat it regularly.

Is Pepperoni Bad For Dogs? Can pepperoni kill dogs?

A few slices of pepperonis won’t kill your dog, but eating too much could make them very sick.Too much pepperoni is bad for dogs. If your dog eats it frequently, then watch out for these symptoms.

Increased thirst

Increased urination

Vomiting

Diarrhea

Abdominal pain

If your dog shows any of the above symptoms, please call your vet.

How Often Can Dogs Eat Pepperoni?

Try to keep pepperoni away from your dog. Dogs should only eat a few thin slices of pepperoni once in a while. In other words, dogs can eat one slice of pepperoni every few months. They should not eat it regularly.

Dogs might love the smell of the seasoned chewy pepperoni, but keep it away from them. It is perfectly safe to allow your dog to eat one slice every few months as a special treat. Since it has so much sodium and fat in it, be careful with everything else they eat that day.As always, call your vet if you notice your dog reacting negatively after eating pepperoni.

Conclusion

Your dog is your responsibility. Through this article, i’ve tried to answer almost all the questions related to the issue. It’s human nature to make mistakes, even if you mistakenly feed your dog with pepperoni, contact your vet immediately if your dog is showing negative symptoms. Be accountable for your dog’s poor health. Take good care of him afterwards and try not to let him eat pepperoni again.

That’s it for now, wish you and your Furry Buddy stays happy and healthy forever.

Know your furry buddy

adorable-white-pomeranian-puppy-spitz-921029690-5c8be25d46e0fb000172effe.jpgDownload

Giggling and playing with your new puppy is so mesmerising. It is fun to look how your new doggy is gradually being comfortable with you. Be honest, you love it when your puppy snuggle into you unknowingly while taking little naps right. We all love that isn’t it. There comes a phase during his adulthood where your grown up doggy follows your every command, protects you, helps you stay away from toxicity and one thing is sure that your dog is a free therapy to your mental health. Your dog will become a part of your family just like that. But everything comes with a responsibility. Would you like if your dog suffers from food poisoning just because you didn’t knew what he ate last time was injurious to his health?  Ofcourse not,  you’ll do whatever it takes to make your furry friend healthy. Pepperoni is one of the most delicious items we know so far.

Almost everyone loves it. Ever wondered if it is good for your dog? Is it something your dog should enjoy or suffer after consuming?  So, in this series of Know your furry buddy, we’ll mainly focus on one question, Can dogs eat pepperoni?

It might seem harmless, after all, it is just meat. But can dogs eat pepperoni? In this guide you’ll learn all about this meat and how much of it is safe for dogs to eat.

For ultimate pet safety, I recommend consulting with your vet about all the questions you have about your dog eating pepperoni.

Dogs should not eat pepperoni. It contains too much sodium and fat for dogs. Some flavors and types of pepperoni might have seasonings in them that are unsafe for dogs.Dogs can safely eat one slice of pepperoni once in a long while – like a few times a year. More than that and they run the risk of experiencing digestive issues, salt poisoning, pancreatitis, or kidney damage.

This situation alone comes with several questions. We’ll try to deal with few of them

Can Dogs Eat Hot Pepperoni?

No, dogs can not eat hot pepperoni. Spicy foods will upset their stomach and give them digestive problems. Do not let your dog eat hot pepperoni.If your dog eats some hot pepperoni, give them plenty of water and watch for any signs of lethargy or dehydration. 

Can Dogs Eat Pepperoni Jerky?

Do not give your dog pepperoni jerky more than once every few months. Avoid any flavors that have garlic or onion powder since that is toxic for dogs.Don’t give your dog spicy jerky.

Can Dogs Eat Pepperoni Slices?

It is safe to give your dog one pepperoni slice every few months, but do not give them more than that. Too many pepperoni slices could cause your dog to consume too much salt and fat – both of which have bad health effects for dogs.

Can Dogs Eat Pepperoni Sticks?

Do not give your dog entire pepperoni sticks to munch on. That is far too much sodium and fat for your dog to eat all at once. Instead, give your dog a small part of a pepperoni stick.

Can Dogs Eat Turkey Pepperoni?

Dogs can safely eat small amounts of turkey pepperoni, just like traditional pepperoni. The type of meat doesn’t matter, it’s the amount of salt, fat, and the types of spices it has. If the turkey pepperoni is just as high in salt and fat, then only give them a little bit of it. If it has garlic or onion powder, don’t let them eat any of it.

Can Dogs Eat Pepperoni Pizza?

No, dogs should never eat pepperoni pizza. Pizza crust and sauce usually has garlic and onion powder – both are toxic for dogs.Pizza is also really high in sugars, fats, and sodium. It will give your dog an upset stomach and could lead to long-term health effects if they eat it regularly.

Is Pepperoni Bad For Dogs? Can pepperoni kill dogs?

A few slices of pepperonis won’t kill your dog, but eating too much could make them very sick.Too much pepperoni is bad for dogs. If your dog eats it frequently, then watch out for these symptoms.

Increased thirst

Increased urination

Vomiting

Diarrhea

Abdominal pain

If your dog shows any of the above symptoms, please call your vet.

How Often Can Dogs Eat Pepperoni?

Try to keep pepperoni away from your dog. Dogs should only eat a few thin slices of pepperoni once in a while. In other words, dogs can eat one slice of pepperoni every few months. They should not eat it regularly.

Dogs might love the smell of the seasoned chewy pepperoni, but keep it away from them. It is perfectly safe to allow your dog to eat one slice every few months as a special treat. Since it has so much sodium and fat in it, be careful with everything else they eat that day.As always, call your vet if you notice your dog reacting negatively after eating pepperoni.

Conclusion

Your dog is your responsibility. Through this article, i’ve tried to answer almost all the questions related to the issue. It’s human nature to make mistakes, even if you mistakenly feed your dog with pepperoni, contact your vet immediately if your dog is showing negative symptoms. Be accountable for your dog’s poor health. Take good care of him afterwards and try not to let him eat pepperoni again.

That’s it for now, wish you and your Furry Buddy stays happy and healthy forever.

Impact Of Increasing Oil Prices On Indian Economy

The latter will come true as more than half of India’s remittances will go through the Gulf countries, which are likely to see better economic conditions with higher oil prices. In terms of numbers, a $10-a-barrel rise in crude oil prices would increase spending on commodity imports by about $20 billion, offset in part by a $6-billion increase in oil exports and dollars in workers’ remittances. The cost of imports will be halved if the price of crude oil continues to hover around $30 a barrel. In addition, every $10 increase in crude oil prices has a direct impact on a country’s current account (CAD) deficit.

Thus, when crude oil reaches $85 per barrel, the oil deficit will rise to $106.4 billion, or 3.61% of India’s GDP. According to a report by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI), every $10/barrel rise in crude oil prices would lead to an additional deficit of $12.5 billion, equivalent to 43 basis points of India’s GDP. According to an analysis by the Reserve Bank of India, every $10-a-barrel rise in crude oil prices would result in an additional $12.5 billion deficit. Higher prices affect the current account deficit, which means that the value of imported goods and services exceeds the value of exports.

Changes in commodity prices can affect the economic ecosystem at all levels, from family budgets to corporate income and national GDP. Rising oil prices have a negative impact on several factors such as the stock market, currency, inflation, transportation and manufacturing sectors, and government spending. Rising oil prices will drive up the cost of energy, which, combined with the oncoming winter and increased commercial activity as the pandemic eases, will have a major impact on the economies of most countries of the world. India, which relies on imports for more than 80% of its fuel consumption and already has fuel prices above Rs 100 for both petrol and diesel in most cities, will be no exception.

Rising crude oil prices have helped lift the price of gasoline and diesel in India to record highs. High crude oil prices are the result of less drilling by shale gas producers in the United States, disruptions to crude oil supplies due to hurricanes in the Gulf of Mexico, and runaway fuel demand as the global economy stabilizes. -19 pandemic, which significantly reduced economic activity. With the global economic recovery following COVID-19, global demand for crude oil increased in 2021, driving prices up sharply. Crude oil prices have risen steadily since early 2021, when Brent crude traded at around $52 a barrel, fueled both by hopes of improved demand thanks to regional economic recovery and reduced supply from major oil producing countries.

Crude oil prices hit a two-year high, with Brent oil rising above $71 a barrel on Wednesday, reaching its highest level since May 2019, when major oil-producing countries announced they were joining plans to gradually increase crude oil production. World crude oil prices rose to their highest level in 13 months, driven by strong demand prospects amid a global economic recovery and supply disruptions in the Middle East. In February and March 2020, crude oil prices accelerated their decline in response to the coronavirus pandemic and the expected sharp decline in oil demand. The fall in prices is associated with an increase in supply due to hydraulic fracturing.

This was followed by price increases again since 2004, and this upward trend in the cost of oil continues to this day. In addition, since 1996 there have been high fluctuations in oil prices. If we look at the evolution of crude oil prices since the 1950s (see attached chart), price spikes have mostly been accompanied by geopolitical tensions or other factors. leading to a supply shortage.

Due to the pandemic, these oil-producing countries continue to slowly increase production, which leads to higher oil and gas prices. According to the IEA, oil production in non-OPEC Plus countries will increase by 710,000 bpd in 2021. 5.4 million bpd in 2021 and another 3.1 million bpd in 2022.

Since none of the largest oil-producing countries in the world is likely to increase oil supplies, experts predict that by 2019 the price could even reach $100 per barrel. Despite a 430% jump in Brent oil prices since March 2020, oil seems cheap. long term vision. Goldman Sachs expects Brent oil prices to exceed $80 on average in the third quarter of this calendar year, with peaks above that price; JP Morgan expects crude oil to top $80 in the last quarter of 2021, and Bank of America expects Brent oil prices to hit $100 by next summer.

Any rise in global crude oil prices directly affects India as the country imports over 80% of its oil. India paid over $110 billion for oil imports in 2017. Thus, if oil prices double within a year, a country’s import spending will also double over the same period.

Since India imports most of its fuel, it needs more dollars to buy crude oil, which results in liquidity being squeezed. This is bad news for India, which depends on imports for 85% of its crude oil needs and is the third largest importer of fossil fuels in the world.

Given India’s dependence on oil imports and the current pressure on the country, New Delhi is pushing OPEC to increase oil production to contain prices. Analysts say a rise in production by major oil producers is probably India’s biggest hope for a short-term solution, as some economists warn of the risk that crude oil prices could approach $100 a barrel by the end of this year. At the same time, oil-producing countries will be careful enough to maintain a balance in production so that prices do not collapse.

There will also be a significant impact on the Consumer Price Index (CPI) and the CPI inflation rate could be 5% in FY23 due to higher oil prices. The report predicts that rising oil prices could also lead to WPI-based inflation rates of 12% and 6% in FY22 and FY23 respectively. % of crude oil will lead to an increase in India’s Wholesale Price Index (WPI). by almost 0.9%.

An increase in oil prices by 15-25% within one year will affect the Indian economy in different ways. As a general rule, a $10 per barrel increase in crude oil prices would have a negative impact on the current account deficit of $10-11 billion (or 0.4% of GDP). Therefore, rising crude oil prices could increase India’s spending, thereby negatively impacting India’s budget deficit, the difference between total government revenue and total spending.

Managing Different Ailments

Heart disease and cancer account for more than half of all deaths in New York State. About half of all American adults have at least one chronic disease, a long-term health problem that requires ongoing medical attention, such as diabetes, arthritis, depression, heart disease, or cancer. A diagnosis of cancer, heart disease, or another serious illness can be devastating. When someone you care about has experienced a serious illness or is facing a life-threatening illness, it can be hard to know what to say or do.

You must also take steps to manage your attitudes, emotions, and relationships. If you’ve been diagnosed with cancer, stress management can help you reduce anxiety, relieve fatigue and sleep disturbances, and improve your mood. By learning to manage stress, you can maintain a positive physical, emotional, and spiritual outlook on life. Following the recommended treatment plan can help control symptoms and stress.

Because the effective management of chronic conditions depends on the patient’s actions, all interactions with healthcare professionals should focus on the patient’s strengths and difficulties in managing the condition. Disease management plans should emphasize preventing exacerbations and complications, using evidence-based practice recommendations and patient empowerment strategies, while evaluating clinical, economic, and human outcomes to improve patients’ overall health and quality of life. Disease management programs are designed to slow the progression of chronic diseases by identifying and treating them more quickly and effectively, thereby improving the health of people with chronic diseases and reducing the costs associated with preventable complications.

Disease management is a system of coordinated medical interventions and communications for specific groups of patients with conditions in which self-care efforts can be implemented. Disease management is defined as “a system of coordinated medical interventions and communications for populations with conditions in which the patient’s self-management efforts are significant. For people who can access healthcare professionals or peer support, it (and often family/friends/guardians) share knowledge, responsibilities and care plans with healthcare professionals and/or colleagues.

It provides them with the medical care, information, skills and resources they need to effectively manage their disease on a daily basis. A long-term illness or chronic health condition is any condition that lasts six months or more, such as asthma, arthritis, cancer, obesity, diabetes, chronic pain, or heart disease. Chronic diseases have specific symptoms, but they can also cause invisible symptoms such as pain, fatigue, and mood disturbances. Stress can contribute to or exacerbate many different health problems, including cardiovascular disease, high blood pressure, gastrointestinal disorders, chronic pain, postoperative and wound healing, and some of the side effects of cancer and its treatments.

However, applying stress management techniques can help you deal with these health issues. Even after a heart attack or heart surgery, for example, stress management can help by enhancing the benefits of cardiac rehabilitation or by reducing the amount of medication needed to control blood pressure. Treatment for pain associated with a chronic disease may include pain medication, physical therapy (such as physical therapy), and other treatments such as cognitive behavioral therapy. Interventions to improve patient management can bring positive outcomes, including better monitoring, fewer symptoms, improved physical and psychosocial functioning, and reduced use of care.

Data describing the outcomes of complex and structured disease management interventions in hospitalized patients in clinical and community settings suggest that they may be usefully associated with several chronic diseases. A 2015 systematic review of randomized controlled trials examining the effects of chronic disease management programs on adults with asthma found that a coordinated planning approach involving more health care providers than usual can have positive health effects. Functional and perceived quality of life. In a 2008 study, of 15 care coordination (disease management) programs over a two-year period, “several programs improved patient behavior, health, or quality of care” and “no programs reduced overall costs. or net cost”. Despite the small number of studies, CIS interventions have shown benefits for both professionals and patients, especially in type 2 diabetes and hypertension.

This is inconsistent with the results of our 2006 review and may indicate the increasing complexity of CIS interventions with computerized feedback and reminder systems, physician feedback, and access to computerized DS tools [23]. The next most common element of ICC as a primary intervention associated with statistically significant improvement in outcomes was DSD, which benefited from physiological measures of disease control and health care worker behavior in patients with type 2 diabetes and hypertension, but had no effect on other conditions.

Objective A addresses the need to translate and replicate an important evidence base for chronic disease self-management programs. Health status of MCC patients. Examples include basic research aspects of the medical treatment of MCC patients; epidemiological studies of the impact of various types of comorbidities on disease trajectories; the effectiveness, efficiency, and comparative effectiveness of promising health promotion and self-management intervention trials; and Assess the impact of health management strategies. These issues include managing emotions (eg, depression, fear, and depression); medication use and side effects; adherence to diet and physical activity; and communication with healthcare professionals. 15 Several conceptual models have been developed in an attempt to move from case management to a broader approach to chronic disease management. In recent decades, the types of healthcare systems (66), the specific roles of clinicians, and the specific clinical skills needed to help patients cope with chronic conditions have been recognized (21).

In contrast, disease management programs focus on multiple aspects of patient care and maximize the health of certain patient groups. The concept of disease management is the prevention or minimization of the consequences of disease through comprehensive treatment, thereby reducing health care costs and improving the quality of life of people with chronic diseases. The continuum of care is an opportunity to strengthen the doctor-patient relationship, empower patients, and provide support during the most challenging stages of chronic disease. By identifying the subjective perceptions and symptoms of the disease, the attending physician formally acknowledges the validity of the patient’s experience.

Self-care — now commonly defined as a person’s actions to acquire or maintain a desired level of health regardless of interaction with a physician — is generally considered an inappropriate term for chronic disease management, given that most conditions require full participation. doctor and the use of accepted treatment regimens as part of the patient’s treatment regimen.

In most if not all major chronic diseases, the core of important concepts related to changes in patient behavior includes a knowledge base for management (38, 49).

Taking action early will help you understand and manage the many consequences of chronic disease. The most important step you can take is to seek help as soon as you feel you cannot handle the situation.

Covid-19: Biodiversity Conservation– Our Solutions Are In Nature

The social energy generated by the COVID-19 pandemic provides an opportunity to develop and implement many new ways to build sustainable and adaptable relationships between people and the rest of nature. The public can be prepared for a recovery that includes effective and sustainable biosecurity with elements of human health, biodiversity conservation, and climate change adaptation as a package based on sustainable development principles. A biosecurity approach that simultaneously tackles the COVID-19 pandemic, biodiversity loss, and climate change crises can leverage economic incentives for greener national economies.

Increase investment in the conservation, sustainable use, and restoration of biodiversity. Set biodiversity spending targets for COVID-19 stimulus measures and recovery plans. . For example, the German International Climate Initiative (IKI) is implementing a €68 million Crown response package that will, among other things, provide financial support for the conservation of nature reserves in IKI partner countries to address the immediate impacts of COVID-19 (Platform Redesign 2020, 2020 [101 ]). For example, the EU has introduced a new biodiversity strategy as part of its Green Deal, which proposes introducing new conservation and land-use planning targets, including a commitment to ensure that at least 30% of Europe’s land and seas are protected areas by 2030.

In other countries, the integrated protection of biodiversity has been recognized as a key component of a successful green recovery from COVID-19. While the overall environmental impact of the blockade and other pandemic policies has been mixed, COVID-19 has helped highlight the importance of protecting biodiversity. Because the COVID-19 pandemic is similar to the COVID-19 pandemic but is of greater global concern than recent past zoonotic pandemics such as SARS, the current pandemic provides additional opportunities to reframe conservation monitoring in favor of public health (Jones et al.., 2008; Morse et al. al., 2012; Zinsstag et al., 2011), as well as to understand the biodiversity changes associated with the global extent of human isolation and the long-term effects of sustaining the social and behavioral changes associated with the pandemic (Bates et al., 2020; Cheval et al. ., 2020; Soga et al., 2021; CS1, CS2, CS3, CS5, and CS6).

Understanding how the current epidemic will affect biodiversity conservation in the short and long term, and to what extent this impact will differ from past disturbances, is critical to achieving biodiversity conservation outcomes in an uncertain future. The global COVID-19 pandemic shows how changes in the scale, type, and extent of human activity can affect biological conservation. Conservation of natural habitats, in turn, requires profound changes in human food production and human encroachment on remaining natural habitats.

Decisions to prevent pandemics and protect nature must be permanently elevated to the highest levels of government. In the absence of this awareness, protecting the environment and biodiversity in a post-COVID-19 world may be pushed further down the national and international agenda. Conservation research is unlikely to be a government priority during the post-pandemic economic recovery, and conservation biologists need to communicate the many benefits that this research and biodiversity itself brings to society.

The diversion of funds for more urgent purposes, as well as travel restrictions, are likely to have a direct impact on research activities such as long-term monitoring programs, prioritizing conservation of species and ecosystems, social-ecological research involving humans, and poorly studied expeditions. places. Immediate impact Conservation and development projects that require human presence, such as monitoring protected areas, treating plant and wildlife diseases, and eradicating invasive alien species, may fall by the wayside. Concerns persist that the COVID-19 pandemic will trigger hasty government action that will harm conservation efforts or spark a social backlash against species considered to be vectors of zoonoses, with negative consequences for the local conservation of these species and their habitats (MacFarlane & Rocha, 2020). ). There are huge risks that when COVID-19 vaccines are available and memories of the crisis fade, so will the resolve to prevent pandemics while conserving biodiversity.

There is no doubt that our immediate priority in dealing with the pandemic must be to protect people and prevent its spread, but our long-term strategy must be to combat deforestation, biodiversity loss and the illegal wildlife trade. There are countless benefits to strategizing and investing in natural solutions for the planet’s holistic well-being. We need to understand the simple fact that nature does not need people, but people need nature.

Covid-19 has provided us with a great opportunity to re-examine our lost relationship with nature and to put nature at the center of our decision-making. COVID-19 is our opportunity to redefine our relationship with nature and rebuild a more environmentally responsible world. Combatting the current coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic and protecting against future global threats requires proper management of hazardous medical and chemical waste; robust integrated management of nature and biodiversity; A good recovery”, a clear commitment to creating “green” jobs and facilitating the transition to a carbon-neutral economy.

The current pandemic is a wake-up call for all of us to build a resilient economy together, conserve nature and biodiversity, to regain lost glories. Because the theme of the International Day for Biodiversity 2021 suggests that we are part of the solution for nature, and solutions are indeed nature’s. Other zoonoses and devastating global pandemics are inevitable unless we fundamentally rethink our relationship with nature.

The emergence of COVID-19 has highlighted the fact that by destroying biodiversity, we are destroying the system that sustains human life. The positive and negative impacts of Covid-19 on biodiversity resources are predictable as the current pandemic intensifies as population grows around the world. The Covid-19 pandemic has affected virtually every sector and sector of biodiversity conservation at the local, regional and global levels (Corlett et al., 2020).

Its impact on biodiversity conservation is numerous and can be both negative and positive, but the negative impact outweighs the positive (Muhumuza and Balkwill, 2013; Roe et al., 2015; Corlett et al., 2020). Like previous outbreaks, Covid-19 has resulted in the inability to manage protected areas and implement conservation programs due to a complete lockdown (Corlett et al., 2020). The consequences of Covid-19 are inevitable as anthropogenic pressure on the natural ecosystem is reduced due to the blockage of social and economic activities. Protecting biodiversity contributes to social and economic resilience4 Integrating biodiversity into the recovery from COVID-19 is important not only to prevent future pandemics; it is also vital to economic sustainability and human well-being.

Investing in nature has immediate and long-term benefits for economic development and social stability, health and well-being, and climate resilience and biodiversity conservation. Based on this experience, we must be part of the solution to create nature through reforestation, preserving existing forests and other landscapes that are home to biodiversity.

These civil society engagement efforts can become more effective tools for biodiversity conservation and awareness raising. Since the beginning of the pandemic, there have been numerous changes in national and international conservation policy and practice. Growing political interest in biodiversity conservation is fueled by the recognition that our economy is heavily dependent on nature and that proper protection and management of biodiversity ecosystems can help address other social challenges, including climate change.

Sociology & Psychology of Ashtanga Yoga

The modern age is known as age of competition. It includes not only academic field, sports field but also every sphere of life. In the field of sports we see that every player is trying to reach his maximum capacity. In international competition, take the example of running in which competitors are having the difference of fraction of seconds. Everyone wants to get medal. So competitors are acquired fraction of second with the help of psychology biomechanics nutrition, sports medicine and all other. All these science help us to develop maximum performance through the minimum expenditure of energy. Maximum sports performance are developedof the players through the yoga and pranayam.

The most of the people eat and drink(too much tea or coffee, which creates toxicity in his blood and brain) this chaotic life style makes him prone to disease both somatic and psychic such as acidity, asthma, headache, hypertension, common cold, diabetes, thyroid, postural defects and give stress etc. Which are not directly amenable to conventional (allopathic medicine). Now a days yoga and pranayam therapy have been mostly used for the treatment of both somatic and psychic diseases. Yoga and pranayam are one of the ancient Indian principles which are used in the mind-body connection.

Yoga refers to the types of exercises based on controlled the respiratory system, blood circulatory system, endocrine system, digestive system, nervous system, urinary system and muscular system etc.

The great saint Patanjali considered “Ashtanga yoga” i.e. eight fold of yoga. These are given below:

  1. Yama (forbearance)
  2. Niyama (religious observance)
  3. Asana (posture)
  4. Pranayama (suppression of the breath or breathing in a peculiar way)
  5. Pratyahara (restraint of the senses) 6. Dharana (steading of the mind)
  6. Dhyana (contemplation)
  7. Samadhi (trance

The first five make external yoga while other three are internal yoga. All of these elements have further sub divisions. According to Patanjali there are five yamas such as:

  • Ahinsa
  • Satya
  • Asteya
  • Aparigraha.
  • Brahamcharya

Niyam are also five in number such as

  • Shauch
  • Santosh
  • Tapas
  • Swadhyay
  • Ishavar paridhan
  1. Asanas are incalculable in number. For physical vigour mental poise are spiritual upliftment all these asanas, advisably done with pranayama and significantly important.
  2. Pranayam is in fact, a part of upasana or devotion. It has three phrases i.c. Purak. Rechak, Kumbhak. After the adoptation of the correct posture, one aims at synchronizing. inhalation, exhalation process to such an extent that there is natural and automatic suppression of the health. This state is called Pranayama.
  3. Pratyahar is restraining the senses which are gateways of knowledge. In fact, pratyahar simply means back from the sensual pleasures. When senses have been controlled through it is an attempt to steady one’s mind. To this yogis call ‘Dharana’ which means steadying and concentrating ones mind in particularly ‘nothing’. After the mind has been steadied, the real contemplation (Dhayan) starts. At this stage, there is smooth flow of deep thinking neither hampered nor distorted. The state of body and mind can be compared to the smooth flow of water in a stream which never disturbed. The state of mind which originates in dhayan, now culminated in “Samadhi” or profound meditation; the highest state of yoga where there is neither aught nor naught, neither dark nor light, neither pleasure nor pain etc. Dhayan, Dharana and Samadhi, all the three together make sanyam(restraint or control). We have see that yoga is not something an ordinary physical exercise or a way of worship. It is a means through which we enjoy the blessing of this life processing good health but also mitigates the pains and suffering of death.

BENEFITS OF YOGA ARE GIVEN BELLOW:

1) Yoga and pranayam are use for cure and a prevention of many diseases, such as acidity, asthma, arthritis, indigestion, diabetes, thyroid, hypertension etc.

2) Yoga is the simplest form of relaxation. It reduces obesity.

3) Yoga has a hygienic effect. Exercises like, Bhujangasana, Shalabhasana, Dhanurasana, sarvangasana, paschimotanasana and chakrasana etc. are meant for cleaning various internal and external vital organs of the body.

4) Yoga is most necessary for mental disorder of a people.

5) Yoga helps us to a great extent, which stimulates our brain.

6) Yoga helps in regularizing he breathing process(inhalation and exhalation).

7) It is the most economical activity.

Yoga is becoming popular everyday. Centers are being opened everywhere to attract people to the practice yoga. Yoga as a therapy is useful in every sphere of modern life whether it is social, professional or spiritual.

Exercise

For example, a light jog or walk after a run, or light stretching after strength training can also help prevent pain and injury. Exercise can also help the body stay flexible, which means muscles and joints can easily stretch and bend. You may also feel better about your appearance and yourself when you exercise regularly, which increases your self-confidence and boosts your self-esteem. The right amount of exercise can boost your energy levels and even help improve your mood.

To reap the benefits of exercise, simply become more active during the day—take the stairs instead of the elevator, or spice up your housework. Regular exercise is the best thing you can do for your health. It has many benefits, including improved overall health and fitness, and reduced risk of many chronic diseases.

It is performed for a variety of reasons to promote growth and strength, prevent aging, develop muscles and cardiovascular health, hone athletic skills, lose or maintain weight, improve health [2], and even for fun. Exercise can improve health and well-being, as well as strengthen community bonds and appreciate the beauty of nature. Exercise is important for maintaining fitness and can help maintain a healthy weight, regulate the digestive system, build and maintain healthy bone density, muscle strength, and joint mobility, promote physiological well-being, reduce surgical risks, and boost the immune system.

Exercise helps people lose weight and reduce the risk of certain diseases. Doctors know that regular exercise benefits most people, even people with disabilities or health problems like asthma.

If you have health or other concerns (such as being overweight or in poor shape), talk to your doctor before starting an exercise program. Be sure to check with your doctor before starting a new exercise program, especially if you’re worried about your fitness, haven’t exercised in a while, or have chronic health problems like heart disease, diabetes, or arthritis. For more information on the types of exercises you should include and how hard you should train, read The Best Exercises for Health and Weight Loss.

Make sure the type and intensity of your activity is appropriate for your fitness level. Strength training for all major muscle groups at least twice a week. Drills may also include training focused on accuracy, agility, strength, and speed. These include cycling, running, swimming, dancing, roller skating, tennis, cross country skiing, hiking and brisk walking.

Exercise, such as jumping, running, or brisk walking, can help keep your bones strong. Exercise can help prevent excess weight or help maintain weight loss. Exercise and physical activity are great ways to feel better, improve your health, and have fun. Just 10 minutes of cardio can go a long way in improving your sleep quality, especially if you do it regularly.

Exercise can also help stabilize the mood and relax the mind, “an important cognitive process in the natural transition to sleep,” says Gamaldo. But for some people, exercising too late during the day can interfere with their nighttime rest. However, we do know that moderate aerobic exercise increases the duration of non-REM sleep.

Despite these biological responses to exercise, other people find that the time of day they exercise doesn’t matter. Also, while a lot of the research is focused on aerobic activity and sleep, Gamaldo says choosing the exercises you enjoy will help you maintain them. It seems that your mood can improve with exercise, regardless of the intensity of the physical activity. We found that exercise substantially improved health outcomes largely independent of weight loss.

The health benefits of regular exercise and physical activity cannot be ignored. You don’t have to spend hours at the gym or engage in monotonous or painful activities you hate to experience the physical and emotional benefits of exercise. For most people, moderate-intensity exercise is enough to improve overall health. It’s best to start with simple exercise goals that you know you can achieve.

If you’re not the type to stick to a structured exercise program, try to see physical activity as a lifestyle choice instead of crossing it off your to-do list. Think about your favorite activities and how to incorporate them into your exercise program. Read health and fitness magazines or visit exercise websites and get inspired by photos of active people.

Even small things can count as exercise when you’re starting out, like taking a short bike ride, walking the dog, or raking leaves. Seasonal activities such as skiing or skating in the winter and hiking, swimming, or biking in the summer can create pleasant family memories and provide healthy exercise. Exercise is any physical activity that improves or maintains physical fitness, overall health, and well-being.

It can also help them become more aware of their mental state and practice distraction from their fears (1). While exercise can help people lose weight and maintain weight loss, fitness experts say people may overestimate the number of calories they burn during exercise, or they may simply not be doing enough to shift the scales. Too often, “it’s all about focusing on my own weight and thinking that, you know, if I don’t lose weight, the exercises didn’t work for me, and a lot of them use that as a reason to stop,” she said. .

Research has shown that people like McCollum, who are overweight but exercise regularly, can still reap many health benefits, Geser said. According to data published in January 2018 in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Association, research shows that even in adults at high risk of Alzheimer’s disease, physical activity, especially aerobic exercise, can help improve cognition Features. Exercise helps fight this inflammation and reduces the risk of various diseases.

Eliminating lactate from the circulation makes it easy to lower body temperature, which can also benefit the immune system since a person can be prone to mild illness if their body temperature drops too quickly after exercise. Balance exercises make it easier to walk on uneven surfaces and help prevent falls. He or she can start a program that suits you and your fitness level.

As president of the American College of Sports Medicine from 2007 to 2008, he launched the “Exercise is Medicine” movement, which encouraged physicians to educate and even “prescribe” patients about physical activity. He co-authored a paper published in iScience in October that looked at multiple studies and compared weight loss to exercise to prolong life and improve people’s overall health. During a visit to Bakersfield Fitness, Newsom emphasized the importance of exercise for physical and mental health to escape the stress of the pandemic and return to socializing. McCollum has been exercising her whole life, and she didn’t find an exercise that would help shed excess pounds.