Category: Literature

Literature broadly is any collection of written work, but it is also used more narrowly for writings specifically considered to be an art form, especially prose fiction, drama, and poetry. In recent centuries, the definition has expanded to include oral literature, much of which has been transcribed.

THE DETECTIVE NOVELS

The Detective novel is one in which the story and plot are woven around an initial crime or murder the secret of which is solved by an investigator or detective. He does it by logical assembling and evidence as known as clues.

The Major themes of the Detective novels are:

  • The plot will always begin with a murder or a mysterious case.
  • The case will be superior and unfamiliar to the police
  • So that, they seek the knowledge of detectives to solve the mystery behind the case.
  • The detective will be curious and different from the rest of the characters portrayed in the novel
  • The wrongly accused suspect at whom circumstantial evidence points
  • The villain will be the mysterious element of the novel
  • The startling and unexpected denouement

It was Edgar Allen Poe who launched this literary form with his story “The Murder in the Rue Morgue” in 1841. In the later 19th century, in England, Wilkie Collins preferred the art of the Detective novel with the publication of his “Moonstone” the first full-length detective novel in English. The first full-length detective novel in America was Anna Katherine Green’s “The Leavenworth Case” published in 1878.

In 1887 Sherlock Holmes series by Conan Doyle began to appear and continued up to 1927. His creation of Sherlock Holmes was, however, is the greatest achievement.
The exploits of this sharp sleuth and his companion in adventure and chronicler, Dr. Watson, soon catapulted Doyle to international status. A prolific writer, he has written 4 novels and 56 short stories. Sherlock Holmes series ruled detective novels from all over the world. And which is still cherished by the readers, movie lovers. Many authors adapted the Sherlock Holmes series and created some different versions taken this as a root base.

Detective novels in different ages:

After 1920 a series of novels known for their haunting suspense and artistic structure by Agatha Christie appeared. Hercule Poirot is the detective in her Novels. Agatha Christie is known throughout the world as the queen of crime. She is the author of 80 crime novels and short story collections, 19 plays, and 6 novels written under the name of Mary Westmacott.

Initial causes of it’s wide spread:

The spread of paperbacks and the establishment of book clubs helped the growth and development of the detective novel after the fifties.

Why Detective Novels are so popular:

It satisfies the “puzzle-solving” element of traditional puzzles.
It allows us to invoke our imagination
Be gripped by the suspense of a who done it.
Making the puzzle even more fascinating and the desire to reach the “goal” stronger.

What we learn from them:

Mysteries Often Make Children Central Characters and they can relate to the characters better than they can with other stories. By choosing to read mystery books that are youth-focused, you are helping them become more engaged and interested in the story. Detective novels also help adults to look forward to the mysteries of life inside the books. The stories will be mind-blowing and adults and elder people also will fall into them.

Detective fiction will continue to attract the readers as long as man’s fascination for mystery and suspense does not disappear.

How Translation Studies is gaining its recognition in the field of Literature

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“The secrecy behind that pacifism among language is due to the beautiful alteration of those alphabets which allowed themselves to dwell into those anonymous letters and accepted those outlandish cultures!”

Yes, definitely!  It’s the mere alphabets that give consent to the translator who translates them into a different language and give them a new beginning as something which often becomes phenomenal.

It’s always not prominent that the one who thinks great and writes great texts and even the audience who extols it, will be the legendry texts of all time. Certain times, we as a reader forget that those minute things which make a text more fabricated are due to those editors, translators who make a text complete.

Profoundly the question which hikes up is: Do these translators get any recognition for their work? Do they have any popularity like the writers or they are just considered a person who steals a writer’s copyright?

If we talk why translating is a bad job? we will get a plethora of reasons behind not being a translator. But taking the example from the fictional world of literature, translating is somewhat recognized. One of the outs of context but yet one of my favorites is the translated book – After Dark by Haruki Murakami. One of the best Japanese books translated into English which does not make it less beautiful than the original one.

It’s just not only one translated text, but many texts like this play a major role that tackles the problems in language barriers.

Translation and Language in the world of Literature:

Merely when we focus on the job of translation:

            “A translator is an artist who paints those structure, language, and sentence in such a form that it decodes the message to the other sectors of society for whom language built a bridge”.

The notion of translation was encrypted by different critics and poets according to their ages, to which they belonged too. As looking into the 16th century, during the flourishing dazzling age of romanticism, where many poetries were paraphrased and translated. Translation of classics was the only matter of importance in the 18th century. But as in the 1970s, the main focus was on innovation and novelty.

The concept and theories applied in the romantic age were somewhat experimentative, as theories of translations given by John Dryden, Pope, and then by Alexander Fraser Tytler was so much popular in the literary world.

The main hitch that occurred in the field of translation was when it was surrounded by allegations of plagiarism and many writers made certain rules and boundaries or rather principles upon the translations. Translation theories were largely formed around Bible translations in the sixteenth century. Etienne Dolet is credited with the first formulation of a theory of translations.

Certain critics like Dryden, – one of the earliest English translation theorists, classifies translation into three types:

 1. Metaphrase – word for word, line for line rendering,

 2. Paraphrase – wherein translating sense is given more importance

 3. Imitation –   were sense matters in translation.

E.g.: Horace’s Ars Poetica tars by Ben Jonson – metaphrase

Virgil’s Aeneid tars by Waller – paraphrase

Pindar’s two odes by Abraham Cowley – imitation

In 1789, George Campbell suggests three criteria for good translation:

  1. There should be just a representation of the original.
  2. The spirit and manner of the original should be conveyed through consistency with the language of the translation.
  3. The translation should have the quality of original performance to appear natural and easy.

In 1790 Alexander Taylor in The Principles of Translation set up three different principles

  1. The translation should give a complete transcript of the idea of the original work
  2. The style and manner of writing should be of the same character as that of the original.
  3. The translation should have all the cases of the original composition.

Translation maintains the authenticity:

The translation is the right job to do and it maintains the authenticity of the author and it works and keeps the work original.

 As Aristotle rightly said that imitation is not a mere, it’s a photostat copy of life or the world, but it is a recreated ideal copy of the world. Similarly, a translation is also crafted in such a way that it does not take the cultural rights of the original work.

  Yes, as a reader we cannot deny the fact that a translator copies the whole idea of the author and displays the work, but one should always remember that translation is not an easy task as it needs huge determination to learn the mindset, structure, and form of the writer’s mind and have to work accordingly so that the readers don’t repulse upon the translator and it should not hurt the sentiments of the readers of the authors. As translation according to me breaks the bridge created by the prejudicated norms in favor of language.

Literature and Translation are counterparts of each other:

As we know a language has the power to bring war, riots, and bloodshed among the 2 communities, whereas literature is binding the difference and helping to bring harmony among the language in such a way that the translation will help them to cover the gap. By taking the foreseen principles of these writers a translation can portray us in a better way and be fruitful to our literature.

 “The best form of mourning a writer is to read their body of work” — and include the act of translation.

 As rightly said by, Fahmida Riaz that what my interpretation is about the translator is the one who goes through the soul of the author reads it, interprets it, notions all those ideas according to the writer, and then translates it.

“Translation is mere not a copy, rather a piece of art which beautifully presents the bio of the author, the story and the translator”!

Mother Teresa

A lady of great caliber who spends her whole life serving the poor and needy people. Although she was not an Indian still she came to India to help its people.


Mother Teresa was not his actual name but after becoming a nun she received this name from the church after the name of St. Teresa. By birth, she was a Christian and a great believer of God.

Early life
Her real name was  Agnes Gonxha Bojaxhiu on August 26th, 1910, at Skopje.
Her father, Kole, was a widely traveled businessman. Her mother, Drana, was a housewife.

How Mother Teresa helped the society?
Mother Teresa created many homes for the dying and the unwanted from Calcutta to New York to Albania. She was one of the first to establish homes for AIDS victims.

Mother Teresa joined a Roman Catholic religious order that sent her on a mission from her homeland in what is now Macedonia to far-off India. She went on to found the organization Missionaries of Charities.1962 Padma Shri Award for distinguished service.

Awards

1962 Padma Shri Award for distinguished service.
1971 Pope John XXIII Peace Prize
1971 Prize of the Good Samaritan, Boston
1971 Kennedy Prize
1972 Jawaharlal Nehru Award for International Understanding
1972 Koruna Dut, angel of charity from the President of India.
1973 Templeton Prize
1975 Albert Schweitzer International Prize
1977 Honorary PhD in Theology, University of Cambridge, England
1979 Nobel Peace Prize
1982 Honorary PhD from the Catholic University Brussels, Belgium
1985 Presidential Medal of Freedom
1996 Honorary U.S. citizenship (only the 4th person to receive this honor)
1997 Congressional Gold Medal

Dramatic Monologue – A Form of Poetry .

Monologue is made up of two Greek words ” μόνος mónos,” which means “alone, solitary” and λόγος lógos, “speech”



In general the term monologue means a speech presented by a single character, most often to express their thoughts aboud.

It is a speech given by a single character in a story. In drama, it is the vocalization of a character’s thoughts; in literature, the verbalization. It is traditionally a device used in theater—a speech to be given on stage.

There are different types of Monologue:

1. Dramatic monologue,
2. Soliloquy,
3. Interior monologue,

What is a dramatic monologue?

Dramatic monologue refers to a type of poetry. It is a type of poetry written in the form of a speech of an individual character.

These poems are dramatic in the sense that they have a theatrical quality; that is, the poem is meant to be read to an audience.
It is a literary form where the writer takes on the voice of a character and speaks through them.

Although dramatic monologues are found in theater and prose, the term most frequently refers to a poetic form where the poet creates a character who expresses a point of view or the main subject matter .


A dramatic monologue is also called a personal poem.
The character speaking in the poem is referred to as a “persona.”

Dramatic monologues can be told by a period , animals, objects, places, or abstract concepts like fate , love , etc.


M.H. Abrams notes the following three features of the dramatic monologue :-

• The single person, who is patently not the poet, utters the speech that makes up the whole of the poem, in a specific situation at a critical moment.

• This person addresses and interacts with one or more other people; but we know of the auditors’ presence, and what they say and do, only from clues in the discourse of the single speaker.

• The main principle controlling the poet’s choice and formulation of what the lyric speaker says is to reveal to the reader, in a way that enhances its interest, the speaker’s temperament and character.

Dramatic monologue was invented and practiced by Robert Browning followed by many famous poets like Alfred Tennyson , Dante , T. S Elliot and other Victorian poets .

The form remained popular in the 19 th and 20th century. The Victorian period represented the high point of the dramatic monologue in English poetry.

Robert Browning produced his most famous work in this form of dramatic monologue “My Last Duchess” which is quite famous till date .Browning’s poem “My Last Duchess” was one of the first dramatic monologues of the Victorian era.

Alfred, Lord Tennyson’s Ulysses, published in 1842, was a remarkable dramatic monologue in English literature during the Victorian era .

In the Modernist era, poets like T.. S. Eliot and Ezra Pound wrote persona poems
“The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock” by T.S Elliot being one the most famous works as a dramatic monologue.

With the prevailing trend of confessionalism in poetry, during 1950s and 1960s, great poet like Gwendolyn Brooks, John Berryman, and Sylvia Plath all made notable contributions by writing dramatic monologues that grappled with subjects like the African American urban experience, mental illness, addiction, and suicidal ideation.

___________________________________________

Types of Dramatic monologue

Dramatic monologues can be categorised in three ways :-

• Romantic monologues

Poems where a character speaks about a romantic relationship, either past, current, or desired is called a romantic monologue .

For example,
Dilemma” by Anthony Hecht is a romantic monologue.

• Conversational Monologue

Conversational monologues are poems where the dramatic monologue is presented by the speaker as if it is part of a conversation.
Samuel Taylor Coleridge’s “The Eolian Harp” is one example.
.
• Philosophical Monologue

Philosophical monologues are poems where the character explicates their personal philosophy or theories about the world.

“Lines Written a Few Miles above Tintern Abbey” by William Wordsworth is one example of a philosophical monologue.

___________________________________________

The dramatic monologue was written in the voice of a fictional character, the form sometimes makes use of a character who is already well-known so the poet can explore larger themes.
Use of dramatic monologues made the poet write about situations and subject matter that is not taken from their own lives.

Dramatic monologues are a way of expressing the view of a character and offering the audience greater insight into the character’s feelings .
Dramatic monologue was a famous form to write poetry because of its powerful way to create narrative tension as the speaker reveals crucial information to the reader in a way that allows the reader to feel the real emotions . ___________________________________________

Referral link :-How to write dramatic monologue (tips)

World Nature Conservation Day

Conservation is the care and protection of  resources so that they can persist for future generations.

Conservation seeks the sustainable use of nature by humans along with preservation.

Preservation means protecting nature.

World Nature Conservation Day is celebrated on 28 July annually.

It is celebrated to generate awareness of the nature and its conservation.

Nature conservation means conserving habitat of different living organism, preventing deforestation, halting species extinction, reducing overfishing and mitigating climate change.

There is increasing interest in extending the responsibility for human well-being to include the Welfare of sentient animals.

Government play a major role in conserving our natural resources and various living organism.

There are various natural conservation is the laws implemented by government.

There are various threat to biodiversity:-

  • Habitat loss and fragmentation
  • Introduction of alien invasive species
  • Disturbance
  • Harvesting and over exploitation
  • Soil, water and atmospheric pollution
  • Intensive agriculture and forestry
  • Climate change

Habitat loss and fragmentation

  • Forests and grasslands turned into deserts.
  • Mangroves get cleared for fuel wood and prawn farming leads to Habitat loss of marine fish.
  • Waste land is increasing.
  • Human activities likely to eliminate approx 10 Millions species by the year of 2050.
  • Rate of disappearance of tropical forest in India is 0.6 % per year.

Thus, there is a need for conservation of living organism as well as natural resources.

Project Tiger – 268 in 1972 in 9 tiger reserve which increases to 1500 in 1997 in 23 Tiger Reserves.

Extinction of Dodo in Madagascar

Alien species

  • Introduction of Exotic breeds and disappearance of native species through biotic interaction.
  • Invasive species is a threat for Island ecosystem due to lack of competitors and Predator that control the population of native ecosystem.
  • E.g.-
    • Amazon sailfin catfish responsible for destruction of the population of Switzerland of Kolkata
    • Water hyacinth
    • Lantana bushes

Disturbance

  • Natural disturbance are very much differ from man made disturbance.
  • Natural disturbance like forest fire, cyclone, draught, Tsunami, etc. They disturb ecosystem very different way.
  • Human disturbances like synthetic compound, pesticides, massive release of radiation or spillover of oil in soil also affect our environment.
  • Biomagnification.
  • Eutrophication i.e, nutrient enrichment
  • Effect of anti-inflammatory drugs, diclofenac on vultures.

Harvesting and over exploitation

  • Exploitation includes hunting, fisheries, the impact of trade in Species and species parts.
  • Due to exploitation many species are getting treated at Global label such as births 30%, mammals 33%, amphibian 6%, marine fishes and reptiles.
  • Fishing often takes large incident catches of non-targeted species and crawling can destroy whole Marine community that live on sea floor.
  • Illegal poaching of animal for large economic benefit.
    • Skin and bones of Tiger, Ivory of elephant, horns of Rhinos, perfume of the Musk deer.

Climate change

  • Climate change is a major threat for all the species present on the globe.
  • Due to climate change the Global temperature is rising (0.74 degrees celsius in global mean surface temperature relative to pre- industrial levels), more extreme weather events, changing pattern of rainfall and drought can expected to have significant impact on biodiversity.

These factors affect directly and indirectly to the species in the form of:-

  • Loss of Polar habitat
  • Loss of coral reef
  • Ocean acidification
  • Shifting of weather
  • Effect on food chain

IUCN  Red List category

Red list is a catalogue of taxa that are facing the risk of extinction.

  • At present it is known as International Union for the conservation of nature and natural resources
  • IUCN has recognised 9 Red List categories of species:-
    1. Extinct
    2. Extinct in the wild
    3. Critically endangered
    4. Endangered
    5. vulnerable
    6. Near threatened
    7. Least concern
    8. Data deficient
    9. Not evaluated

The protected areas of India are :- National Park, Wildlife sanctuaries, conservation Reserves, community Reserves, biosphere reserve, Marine protected areas.

Nature conservation

Measures should be taken to conserve nature:-

  • Reduce reuse and recycle
  • Choose sustainable development
  • Choose long lasting light bulbs
  • Try to use renewable resources more than non-renewable resources.
  • Save water
  • Volunteer for clean up our environment
  • Volunteer for clean up our environment
  • Use public transport system
  • Plant more trees
  • Try to avoid plastic
  • Try to minimise pollution at individual level
  • Use reusable shopping bags
  • Educate others about anthropogenic activities or impact of anthropogenic actions on our environment and what can we do to prevent its bad effects.

ANIMAL LOVERS

“Animals are a window to your soul and a doorway to your spiritual destiny. If you let them into your life and allow them to teach you, you will be better for it.”― Kim Shotola, The Soul Watchers: Animals’ Quest to Awaken Humanity

God’s creations

“Wherever there are wild animals in the world, there is always an opportunity for caring, compassion and kindness.”― Paul Oxton

Animals are the creations of God. They are as much important in the scheme of things as men. Animals, nature and man constitute the ecology. Harm to any of these means the disturbance of the ecological balance. Moreover, as God’s best creation, man has the responsibility to look after the welfare of the animals, which undoubtedly look forward to man for protection and survival. If man fails to do this duty it would be a moral crime on his part.

Respect to Almighty

“love about any animal or bird is pure because in that love u dont expect anything from them”― Kedar dhepe

Love of animals is the love of God. It is wrong to do harm to the animals, to beat them and kill them. Animals are generally good. They do not harm anybody unless they are harmed. They kill others for necessity and sport. Even ferocious animals like tigers and snakes do not injure or kill anybody unless they are attacked. Love of animals is an essential part of human nature. The domestic animals like cows, dogs, cats serve us faithfully. Small animals are dumb and meek. They depend on us. So, it is wrong to oppress and kill them. It is our moral duty to love them and keep them in their own places If we love them, they will love us and thus a natural bond will be established.

Love to nature

“The way you treat the animals around you will be the nature of the animal within you”
― Sir P.S. Jagadeesh Kumar

Animals like tigers, lions, deer end many others are part and parcel of Nature. They provide beauty and harmony to Nature. Reckless destruction of these animals is as bad as rash demolition of forests. Preservation of wild animals is a duty for all. They maintain the balance in nature. Moreover, they are a big attraction to the children, men and foreigners. We like to see the variety of God’s creations. It is also our duty to preserve them.

WHERE TO GET FREE E BOOKS

Not everything is free in this world. Which means “something must be free.” Like that no books are free but some e-books can. You can read a lot of books from some legit websites and apps.

PDFDRIVE.COM

Pdfdrive.com is a worldwide legit website. There are more than millions of books on that website. Pdfdrive.com has every kind of book like, fiction, non-fiction, self-help, Drama, romance, science-fiction, fantasy, and much more. You can find books there from Shakespeare’s dramas to Paulo Coelho’s recent best-selling novel, The Archer. You can even search in your own native language like Tamizh, English, French, German most of the famous books will be available there.

So, how to download them? Simple all files will be available in PDF modes. So, you just have to search the book on that website if it appears you have to click that book column and then the PDF column. The file will be downloaded. All you have to do is having a PDF reader apps on your device. And start reading. Voila.

Google

We all know google is a multi-purpose search engine. We can watch videos, fill up forms, search for something that we want to know, download music, movies, songs, and images. And most of us never know we can download E-books too in our Google. Google has a lot of books available within it. Especially, in PDF forms. All you have to do is just type the “name of the book” and the “author” then type “book pdf download” or you can type as “book name” and “author name” then “. Pdf file” or “Book name” and the “author’s name” then “.pdf”

For example:

  • The Secret by Rhonda Byrne book Pdf Download
  • The Girl on the Train by Paula Hawkins.pdf
  • Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen.pdf

If you search in these types, if it’s available, you will get some pdf results on the front page itself.

Playstore:

Playstore is well known for its Apps. And it has a lot of Ebook apps more than 100’s of them. You can just simply type and search the application and download it to use if you feel comfortable with it.

For Example:

  • “Free Ebooks apps”
  • “Free Ebooks reading apps”

You can simply type like this and you will get a lot of results. But, the main thing is these apps don’t have every book we would like to read. Mostly there will be books that are published before the twentieth century. So, you can have a good classic reading hour and some other famous books like detective novels and classic romances.

Amazon.in

Amazon.in is an app and a legit online shopping website. Which is successfully operating all over the world. Yes, you can download some free Ebooks on Amazon too… The well-known famous app for readers is Kindle. This app is linked with Amazon, if you want to purchase any books from kindle it will direct you to an amazon app that’s where you can place the order and can read in kindle.

Sometimes some new authors fix their books on amazon for free download. Thus, people will try to read it. We can use that opportunity for ourselves. Just type free ebooks at amazon you will get to know what are ebooks are available as of that moment. And definitely, there will be a lot of classics for no cost on amazon.

If you are an avid reader kindly make use of it. If you are an amateur, take this as an opportunity to develop your reading habit.

MOM – THE DIVINE SOUL!!!

Have anyone seen God in person? I think many of us would answer, No. But the right thing is everyone is seeing God daily in face of our mother. Yes, she is a unique gift, God had given to us. Am I right, now? In precise, she is the world’s precious gift which God have given to us. The feeling which we get when we are with our mother is the true divine feel that can be felt when we pray to God. None of us might say, I don’t like my mother, right? I can answer this myself. No one would say, I don’t like my mother. Though we don’t say anything to her, should would find what happened to us. And ask us what had happened. This is the divine feel of motherhood. Have you ever thought how things are hard to your mother?

The happiest feeling in this world is that a girl is carrying an another life in her. Yes, that feel cannot be bought buy money. Do you know how happy a mother would be when she is carrying her child in her uterus? Eventhough, she doesn’t know whether you are a boy or a girl, she had began to love you already. The only soul who loved you since the day you began to grow in her belly, is definitely your mother. She cannot eat the food she likes, or to lead her normal life. She lives in a dream world while she is carrying you. A survey says that the pain of childbirth is equal to jumping from the highest palce and even it is equal to the crushing of all the bones in your body. The pain we say that I was cheated by someone, hurt by someone, etc., can we say this pain is equal to the pain your mother endured during your birth? No. This labor pain cannot be expressed in words. A mother risk her life to give birth to her child and let him/her see this beautiful world. Everyone in the world can be selfish, greedy and picky but not our mom. She has never been greedy or selfish because she had you. After birth, she gives her blood as milk that’s been the food to us. No matter whatever heights we reach and whatever we do, this life and body is given by her. A mother would do anything to make her child feel happy and secure.

The Power of a Mother's Prayer | Guideposts

No matter how tired she is or how sick she is, the first word come from her mouth would be have you eaten? This shows that nothing matters more than you. Do you know how late she sleep and how early she wake up? Many don’t know, because they haven’t noted this! The next thing is giving the things that we want. If you want anything to eat, without any hesitation she make and give you, right? She doesn’t care whether she likes it or not!. She just want us to be happy and healthy. Sometimes, she used to eat the leftovers and sleep with a half-filled stomach. Mother is the one who teach us what is good and what is wrong in everything. She will correct the mistakes that we make.

After marriage, all the girls, you would be able to feel that motherhood is a gift to us. Yes, motherhood is the unique gift given by god to us. We feel sorry for the child without a mother and a mother without a child. Motherhood is same for everyone. Even the sterile women have the feeling of motherhood. So, stop judging women by their fertile or sterile nature. Let me ask you a quuestion. If your mother has gone out in the morning and haven’t been back to home for a day what would you do? Obivously, you would search for her right. This shows how you love your mother and how the bond between you two is! Think about a child without mother? Not having a mother is the only thing they would regret throughout their life. I hope you would have understood how mother is important in your life!

Mothers Day Quotes For Students And Children - Kids Portal For Parents

Don’t hurt or scold or argue with your mother for some silly things and don’t make her feel upset about it. Because there are children longing for mother’s love. Cherish this wonderful gift, God have given to you. Cherish your mom as high as you can. At last, Mom-the divine soul, this title suits this article right? God is in the face of your mother. Make you mother feel happy for you. Spare some time, talk to her. This would be the great gift that you give her.

Mother Quote | Quote Number 542279 | Picture Quotes

MAJOR LEANINGS FROM THE BOOK : THE 5 AM CLUB

1. The first hour of the day is the golden hour and thus in the first hour from 5 am to 6 am applying  the 20/20/20 formula can truly change your performance of the whole day.

2. It states that the first 20 minutes are for exercising, the next 20 minutes are for growing i.e. reading or listening podcast or audiobooks.

3. By performing these activities you awaken the 4 interior empires( mindset, heart set, soul set, and health set) because if you want to experience empires in your outer life you need to develop your inner ones first.

4. Waking up at 5 am can enhance peoples productivity and happiness and as a result people can achieve an epic height of success in their professional as well as personal life.

I recommend everyone reading this blog to please read this book once.

HAPPY READING ; )

Thank you!

Flower of Evil – A Perfect Thriller Drama to watch right now!

One of the most recent areas in the field of entertainment which almost worlds widely popular is South Korean dramas which are gaining huge recognition by providing amazing plot structure, captivating cinematography, and unique themes which are mind blending and are creating crazy fandoms among the 33% of the population from the whole world.

The Fandom over Dramas has been seen since some recent years where people are keenly interested in Korean culture and their beautiful language which keeps them intriguing to know their culture in depth.

The specialty of k – dramas is that it can be watched by any age category of people and is not restricted to any particular language. Though Language is a barrier, language is the reason why people are widely connected and making an emotional bond with these dramas which makes them feel swoon-worthy!

“Flower of Evil”  – A Crime thriller  Drama which is Cathartic too!

 In general, it is observed that Thriller Genres are often very intense and have a serious environment in their background. But taking this particular drama, Flower of evil has broken the wall of the thriller genre and added the essence of Melodrama in it. The perfect blend of Emotions, thrill, suspense, elements of relationships, love story and nostalgia, and a little action make this drama a perfect 10/10 to watch.

As we can see that the ratings are 5.0 with lots of positive feedback, as this drama has certainly gotten a  place in the heart of many drama lovers.

Amazing Plot structure:

Many times we see that though the storyline is fascinating the plot structure spoils the whole sequence of the story and makes the whole drama boring. Although this is not in the case of Flower of Evil, as the plot structure is incredible due to the excellent chemistry between Baek Hee Sung ( performed by Lee Joon Gi ) and Cha Ji won ( performed by Moon Chae Won ).

The plot becomes more interesting as it contains lots of twists and turns and make the viewers in a state of awe as every minute of the plot is important to watch or else one can miss the important key of the story.

Brief Synopsis of the Drama:  

The storyline is about a man who has an anti-social disorder and changes his identity and lived as  Mr. Baek Hee Sung who is the Husband of Ms. Cha Ji Won who is an Intelligent Detective. This lovely couple lived a beautiful life until Ms. Cha started to doubt his husband as the murder suspect of the sudden serial killings around their area.

Mr. Baek was a perfect father and Husband but lived a fake life by hiding his cruel past in which he lost his father ( Do Min – Seok) because of his father, Mr. Do was falsely known as the son of a serial killer.

But due to her wife, Ms. Cha, who cherished love in his life and made him a different person. She even investigated the 20-year-old case and brought justice to his husband by making him innocent in the case.

Flashback and Glimpse of Nostalgia  – A  Key Element

This drama always shows a series of Flashbacks at the beginning of every episode of the love story and the past life of the couple which is very touching. These Flashbacks make the audience aware of the background of the character development.

The characters are often living with the feeling of nostalgia as for some the nostalgia is sweet whereas for some it’s their dark past that is unforgettable.

These flashbacks also raise many queries in the minds of the audience who is the real killer? as all the characters are suspicious in their behavior which makes the audience blown out when they found out the real murderer!

Flower of Evil – An Alluring  Title

When the scriptwriter ( Yoo Jung Hee ) of this Drama was interviewed she mentioned the unique quality of the title which is mesmerizing and also the key center of the whole drama.

“Flower of Evil”, has been taken from Charles Baudelaire’s  “Book of poetry” called – “Les Fleurs du mal” ( The Flowers of Evil in English ). His poems were about the chaos and anxiety that arises when societal values, which should be clear-cut and black-and-white, become ambiguous and borderline.

Both couples are a symbol of the Flower of evil, as Baek Hee Sung is a character which cannot be considered good or evil rather he is like a flower of evil which is neither black nor red it is colorless, like the personality which the protagonist had.

Baek Hee Sung changed his personality from Do Hyun Soo to escape from the tragedy that happened to him in his past and to save her sister ( Do Hae Soo) who was the real culprit of the murder which happened 20 years ago in his life. Mr. Do had an Anti-social disorder due to which he didn’t feel any emotions, but due to her wife, he finally felt every emotion as he was accepted by her wife the way he was.

On the other hand, Ms. Cha Ji won is also considered as the Flower of Evil as she overcomes all the barriers which she had between herself and her husband and loved him eternally, transparently without judging his past life.

Symbol of the Metal shop – “Where the Rising Star stays”

The story behind the title of the  Metal shop is moving for the audience when they watch this drama. The Metal Shop was the place where Mr. Baek was the Metal crafter and named his shop “Where the Rising Star stays” as the title denotes the story of Greek and Roman mythology, where there was a god of a blacksmith named Hephaestus who had a terrible anger issue, he had a wife whom he cherished very much and was named “Venus” in English and was known as “Morning star” which was nicknamed as “Rising star”  which was relatable to the situation of Mr. Baek who cherished her wife very much.

Similar to Hephaestus, Mr. Baek had a personality that was not liked by anyone and that was the reason for him being anxious towards the judgmental society.

This drama kept the audience in a sense of emotional attachment as many incidents were sentimental. The ending is quite satisfying as all the characters were justified according to their will and their dreams.

To find your real  self: Major Element of the drama

This drama also provides a moral message of finding your true self which sometimes hides due to certain circumstances created by life and in the end, the person goes back to their real self and wins all the obstacles made in my life.

Mr. Baek is one of them who proved that he was not a psychopath with fewer emotions rather he had the grief of not meeting her mother and hiding her sister’s murder and running from his real self.

This drama is a perfect bunch of all emotions and makes the story worth watching by the drama freaks!

“When Everyone else was becoming a demon, Only Hyun – so remained a Human Being”

– The Flower of Evil, Drama.

Do Love always give pain?

Everyone says that love hurts. Indeed , this saying is true. Loneliness hurts, rejection is a pain and losing someone is truly depressing.
In reality though, love is the only thing that could cover up all these suffering and make us feel whole again, but you’re scared to love again because you think it is going to hurt as you associate love with pain.

Dickinson’s “Much Madness is divinest Sense” – New Critics Perspective

“Much Madness is divinest Sense” is a poem by the American poet Emily Dickinson. This article will analyse the poem under the theoretical framework of New Criticism. New Criticism is a school of thought that viewed the text as an autotelic entity “constituted by internal relations and independent of reference either to state of mind of the author or the actualities of the external world.”

The New Critics emphasised on Close reading. Which means that, they looked at the poem as an organic entity of its own instead of associating it to the external cultural and historical background. A close reading of this poem would hence exclude all external factors such as the time period or the socio-political background which the poem might refer to. Furthermore, Wimsatt and Beardsley coined the terms intentional and affective fallacies. According to them, reading the poem by trying to understand the ‘intent’ of the poet would fall under intentional fallacy. In this poem, reading it with reference to Emily Dickinson or her views and criticisms on religion and patriarchy must be avoided. Affective fallacy refers to reading the text in terms of the emotional effect that it has on a particular reader.

The poem presents several sets of opposing forces like sanity and insanity, rationality and irrationality, and consequences of either assenting or demurring. The poet persona offers two opposing choices. If one chooses to assent and follow the orders without questions, then they are considered sane. But if one chooses to voice out their opinion and demur against the orders, then they are instantly branded as dangerous and are subjected to punishment. The persona does not specify which is better. Although assenting seems like the easier option of the two, the individual has to go against their beliefs and give up their freedom of choice to be labelled safely as sane. Meanwhile, demurring results in the curbing of physical freedom or the loss of a social status, but the individual at least had the satisfaction of being true to themselves. Both the choices ultimately result in the loss of freedom in one way or the other. Thus, the poem achieves perfect balance or equilibrium and is rendered invulnerable to irony.

Ambiguity, paradox and metaphors have been used throughout the poem. The terms ‘much’, ‘madness’ and ‘sanity’ are not terms that are adequately quantifiable. They are ambiguous in the sense that each of these are perceived differently by different individuals. What ‘much madness’ is to one person might not be the same to another. Similarly, madness in itself is an ambiguous term as it can be defined only with reference to context. In the beginning line, madness is considered to be the divinest sense, and yet, due to the subjective nature of the perception of madness, it is also seen as something dangerous. This serves as a paradox within the poem.

In his essay “The Well-Wrought Urn”, Cleanth Brooks speaks of the ‘heresy of paraphrase’ wherein, the text cannot be subjected to summarisation without losing its meaning. Similarly, in this poem, culling out a line from within the poem would render it meaningless. The poem works as an organic unity wherein all the lines complement each other within the context to give it full meaning.

The New Critics considered the form of the poem to be equal or reflective of the content of the poem. Here, the random capitalisation of words and the abrupt pauses disrupts the flow and rhythm of the verse, hence reflecting the sense of madness mentioned in the poem. Similarly, words like ‘much’ and ‘madness’ are repeated to emphasise on the inherent theme of the poem. In the sixth line, we see that the lines are much shorter and simpler as the persona speaks about assent and its simple consequences. But in the seventh and eighth lines, the lines are much complex and stretched out as the persona speaks of demurring which is reflective of the dire consequences mentioned in the poem. Dashes are present throughout the poem linking each line to another which is representative of the ‘chain’ mentioned in the final line. The poem “Much Madness is divinest Sense” can be regarded as an ‘ideal poem’ according to the framework laid down by the New Critics. The poem presents two opposing forces of assenting and demurring which achieves equilibrium by proving that neither is better off than the other, hence rendering the poem invulnerable to irony. The poem also uses ambiguity as well as paradox to convey the theme better. The form of the poem is reflective of the content which maintains the organic structure of the text.  

Sustainable agriculture in India

Methodology:

  • Introduction
  • Sustainable agriculture in India
  • Need for sustainable agriculture
  • Methods for sustainable agriculture

INDRODUCTION –

Sustainable agriculture simply means doing agriculture efficiently with
the limited resources present without using the future generation
resources.

Sustainability shows the balanced use of resources. The excess usage
of the resources leads to the lack of the resources for the coming
generations. So, it is important to use all the resources in the right
and in the efficient way.

Sustainable agriculture in India

SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE IN INDIA –

Sustainable development is the management of the resources which
means the development of all with the help of the resources we have
and to use those in such a way that the resources used will be less but
the work done will be maximum which will save the resources for
future.

India ranks second worldwide in farm outputs. India is known for its
efficiency in agriculture from the Indus Valley Civilization.
Government of India is continuously working for the sustainable
development in the agriculture as most of the people’s occupation in India is farming.

Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana was launched in 2007 for the overall
state agriculture development in India which aimed for the better
coordination and to produce a good quantity of crops with lesser
resources. Krishi megh program was also introduced after the Rashtriya Krishi
Vikas Yojana its main aim was to inculcate the knowledge of doing the
agriculture in an efficient way.

Inculcating education to farmers can change the production quality as
well as the production quantity.

NEED FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT –

Sustainable or we say the correct use of the resource will not only
save the excess usage of the resources but will also protect us from
the ill effects of the over usage of the resources.

Let’s see how –

Water – So the excess usage of water in agriculture not only wastes
the water but also highly affects the fertility of the soil. Since due to
the over water in the soil the ground soil loses its grip and the fertile
soil flows away with the flowing water.

Sustainable agriculture management

Fertilizers – Fertilizers are used for the proper growth of the crops but
its excess usage destroys the crops.

For all this the right education is necessary. Sustainable agriculture helps in the good production of crops.

METHODS FOR SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE –

  • Proper usage of fertilizers.
  • Inculcate education of new technologies to farmers by
    organizing webinars.
  • Agroforestry
  • Contour Ploughing
    These are some of the efficient methods which are used and
    must be used for the sustainable agriculture.
  • Drop irrigation

References–

What is an Ode ?

John Keat , William Wordsworth , Thomas Gray , Alexander  Pope , Percy Bysshe Shelley etc are some renowned ode  poets of the past  centuries .

The word ode comes from two   Ancient Greek words ὁδός which means ” path or way ” and  word aeidein, which means to “sing or to chan“.

In English poetry ,

Ode is a poetic form that can be generalized as a formal address to someone or something.

M.H Abrams defined the ode as , ” a long poem that is serious in subject and treatment elevated in style and elaborate in its stanzaic structure .”

It is a structured poem praising or glorifying an event or individual, describing nature in lyric form  often  in ceremonial, and formal tone.

Originally  the Greek odes were pieces of poetry  performed with musical or without music  accompaniment , sung or recited . 

It is seen that an ode can be in the form of  sonnet or elegy. 

It is patterned in lyrical literary technique which is not very lengthy. The subject matter of the poem is highlighted in a serious but formal tone with elaborated patterns of stanzas.

 Besides addressing some animate or inanimate objects or abstract ideas , the ode is sometimes used to commemorate important public events.

 A salient feature of ode is its uniform metrical feet, but poets generally do not strictly follow this rule though use highly elevated themes.

Some examples of odes are 

Ode on Intimations of Immortality from Recollections of Early Childhood (By William Wordsworth),

Ode to the Confederate Dead (By Allen Tate),

The Progress of Poesy: A Pindaric Ode (By Thomas Gray,

Ode on a Grecian Urn (By John Keats), etc.

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 Structure of an Ode Poem 

An lyrical form poem , ode is traditionally divided into three stanzas:

• The strophe • the antistrophe • the epode 

Traditional odes are an example of lyric poetry, which means that they have a regular rhyme scheme, pertain to feelings or emotions and generally use only one speaker’s perspective. The characteristics of an ode vary depending on the time period and geographical location in which it was written. 

• The strophe. In a Greek ode, the strophe usually consists of two or more lines repeated as a unit. In modern usage, the term strophe can refer to any group of verses that form a distinct unit within a poem.

•The antistrophe. The second section of an ode is structured the same way as the strophe, but typically offers a thematic counterbalance.

•The epode. This section or stanza typically has a distinct meter and length from the strophe and antistrophe, and serves to summarize or conclude the ideas of the ode.

Types of ode 

Traditionally ode is of three types 

Pindaric, 

Horatian, and

 Irregular or English ode 

Pindaric ode :-

Pindaric odes were performed with a chorus and dancers, and often composed to celebrate athletic victories.

The Pindaric is named for the ancient Greek poet Pindar, who is credited with innovating this choral ode form.

The ode contains  formal opening,( strophe,) with a complex  metrical structure, followed by an antistrophe, which mirrors the opening, and an epode, the final closing section of a different length and composed with a different metrical structure.

Best example of Pindaric ode is  William Wordsworth ‘s  poem “Ode on Intimations of Immortality from Recollections of Early Childhood” 

     There was a time when meadow, grove, and stream,

     The earth, and every common sight

                                To me did seem

                        Apparelled in celestial light,

     The glory and the freshness of a dream.

     It is not now as it hath been of yore;—

                          Turn wheresoe’er I may,

                            By night or day,

     The things which I have seen I now can see no more.

The Horatian ode :-

The Horatian ode, named for the Roman poet Horace.

This type of ode contains two or four lines stanzas that share the same metric rhyme scheme and length.

It is generally more tranquil and contemplative than the Pindaric ode.

 Less formal, less ceremonious, and better suited to quiet reading than theatrical production.

Best example of Horatio ode  is the Allen Tate poem “Ode to the Confederate Dead,” 

     Row after row with strict impunity

     The headstones yield their names to the element,

     The wind whirrs without recollection;

     In the riven troughs the splayed leaves

     Pile up, of nature the casual sacrament

     To the seasonal eternity of death;

     Then driven by the fierce scrutiny

     Of heaven to their election in the vast breath,

     They sought the rumour of mortality.

English  Ode ( Irregular Ode )

English ode is the type of ode which neither follows the Pindaric form nor the Horatian form .

It follows irregular versus structure and stanza pattern , hence also known as irregular ode . There is no formal rhyme scheme in this kind of ode .

 For example, 

“Ode on a Grecian Urn” by John Keats ,  Percy Bysshe Shelley’s “Ode to the West Wind,” Robert Creeley’s “America,” Bernadette Mayer’s “Ode on Periods,” and Robert Lowell’s “Quaker Graveyard in Nantucket ”  are some examples of irregular ode .

An ode usually expresses feelings in a dignified and sincere manner with a formal tone of imagination and discursive expounding of philosophical ideas .

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Significance of ode 

In the  history of literature, odes are seen to hold elevated positions . 

Romantic poets used odes to celebrate their strongest sentiments and deepest administrations . Ode was a famous form of poetry in both 18 th and 19th centuries. 

Odes are usually written in appreciation or reflection. They are almost always written about a significant event, or someone or something that the poet admires and hence has its significance in the history of literature.

___________________________________________

Mystery Fiction With Hercule Poirot!

“Mystery creates wonder and wonder is the basis of man’s desire to understand.”

  • Neil Armstrong

Today’s article introduces the wittiest fictional character Hercule Poirot who is a renowned detective in Agatha Christie’s novels.

Those of you who aren’t acquainted with Agatha Christie, she is a popular British author, known far and wide for her Mystery Novels. Agatha Christie makes use of amazing diction and accentuates the interesting British culture through her stories.

Getting back to the main topic, we interviewed M. Poirot, a French Detective who very calmly elaborated on writing Mystery Fiction. So, let us begin!

“Hello, M. Poirot! It’s So Nice To Meet You! We Are Glad To Have You Here With Us Today!”

“Bonjour! Enchante. Pareil Ici. I feel honoured to be here today! Merci for choosing me!”

“Please Don’t Mention It, M. Poirot! We Had Explained The Purpose Of This Interview On Call, That Is To….”

“Explain the Writing Process of Mystery Fiction. That’s right! Je Sais Cela! Shoot away your questions!”

“That’s Great, M. Poirot! So, My First Question For You Is That Does Writing Fascinate You?”

“Oui! It does. Writing as a whole is a fascinating process because it introduces you to an entirely new world of imagination which does or doesn’t exist. I enjoy reading more than watching videos or movies because reading doesn’t unravel the mystery of the characters easily since we are unable to view the facial expressions of the characters. And, I think, Je Pense, facial expressions reveal almost everything about the character and the suspense factor no longer remains. Thus, words are far better than actions! Anyway, Hercule Poirot loves mystery, il fait!

“That’s A Great Perspective! What Do You Think About Mystery Fiction?”

“Are you talking about Writing Mystery Fiction eh?”

“Yes, M. Poirot!”

“As far as Writing Mystery Fiction is concerned, one needs to have immense passion and love for the genre d’abord, because mystery needs correct framing of incidences that too in such a way, so as to not reveal or disrupt the suspense factor at any rate! You must have the talent of making the most unexpected person, the criminal at the end through twists and turns! Mystery Fiction is all about the efficiency of the writer in engaging and gluing the readers to their story! Alors, il faut y travailler!

“Interesting! So How Do You Think Can Mystery Be Written Effectively?”

“Comme je viens de le mentionner, firstly passion can make writing mystery interesting. Secondly, the most unexpected twists should make up the story. Then, one should make sure that the setting used is appropriate for a murder or any other sort of mystery you wish to cover. Also, one must show many suspicious characters throughout the story so as to confuse the readers and conceal the main culprit. The unveiling should be done at the end! Je voudrais suggerer murder mysteries when writing fiction, because they are way too mind boggling. However, writing them requires special talent as I stated above. The other thing is to create a character who would help in de masking the culprit just as I am, Le Sage Hercule Poirot who knows everything! This is what makes mystery difficult because there are many characters here and there are possibilities of getting bemused when writing such genres because of the large number of suspicious forms throughout the story. That is exactly what we call the talent. The talent of working with so many characters without messing up and weaving the story accurately with all the twists and turns expected!”

“That Is So Useful. So, If You Had To Recommend Writing A Genre To The Authors Out There, Which One Would Be Your Choice?

“It depends on whether the writer is a beginner or a professional. I would recommend the fantasy genre to beginners because getting into mystery requires some amount of expertise. The fantasy genre doesn’t demand much of the suspense factor thus, making its inclusion optional. Et Selon Hercule Poirot, Suspense is one of the most difficult compositions.

While professionals have the red carpet to trying all the possible genres. So, Oui this is my recommendation!”

“Thank You So Much M. Poirot For Giving Your Precious Time To This Interview. I Hope We Didn’t Disturb Your Schedule!”

“Non! Not at all! There isn’t any recent murder case up yet! But the Spanish Chest Murder Case has hit the newspapers and grabs my attention! Good old Miss Lemon is working on extracting some more information regarding that! My schedule is crystal clear now, so Ne T’inquiete Pas Cher, nothing is disturbed.”

“Glad To Know That M. Poirot! So, Would You Like To Give A Concluding Statement?”

“Certainement! I would like to conclude stating that everybody can write. You just need the will to begin and the passion to imagine. Write in a good state of mind and consider the requirements of the readers. Don’t set a time limit or deadline when resolving to write because that sets a limit to your imagination which is an infinite concept and can’t be subjected to a time interval. So, just remain calm and patient when writing. Begin writing and embrace the art!”

Thank You So Much M. Poirot!