Democracy is derived from the Greek language which means a government by the people. The citizens of the country are given a right to choose their respective representative. There are mainly two types of democracy – direct and representative and semi-democracy or hybrid. In a democratic country power is vested with the people and is exercised by them in indirectly or directly through a system of representation which usually involves free elections. In order to progress human development a democratic land is essential. This helps and enables citizens to have a free will and live freely in the society. Moreover, it allows people to have equal rights. This helps to enable that equality prevails all over country.

During the rule of the Britishers, the country did not have any democracy. They imposed structures of bureaucracy which maintained order through rule of the law rather than thought arbitrary authority. They controlled the country and refused to give any authority to the citizens on India and kept imposing laws and orders on them. In the small journey as an independent nation, democracy has been a cornerstone of the Indian success saga. From the time when doubts were cast on the ability of the country’s survival as a nation to a time where it holds the powers across the global look for our guidance, India has travelled miles. In the year 1947 when the rule of Britishers came to an end the constitution was adopted in 1950 which led to India being known to have the largest democracy in the world. The country declared itself to be democratic, sovereign and a republic state. The constitution of India gave power to its citizen to elect their representative and their own choice of government. India is known to be a quasi-federal parliamentary system of government which is known to be largely based on the UK model. 

Although India is largest democracy it still has a long way of progression. The country faces a lot of issues which does not let it efficiently function as a democracy. The caste system in country is still prevalent which does hampers with the socialist principle of democracy. Communalism is also on the rise and has led to many bad consequences in India. These factors interfere with the secular aspect of the country. All these differences need to be set aside to ensure happiness and prosperity of the citizens. Democracy in the country is still better than that in most of the countries. Still, there is a lot of room for improvement which we must pay attention on. The government must implement stringent laws to ensure that there is no discrimination that takes place. In addition, awareness must be made to make citizens aware of their rights and duties.

 The smooth transition of governments witnessed by India on the basis of power of ballots has been a testimony to the real functioning of the entire nation. While our neighbours have had their struggles with political instability and various other issues, The Indian democracy has paved its way through to become a role model at the global front. In spite of numerous numbers of problems like poverty, illiteracy, malnourishment and infrastructural deficit India has still managed to ensure that political masters still remain committed to the right cause. The establishment of universal adult franchise has been one of the strongest bases for our democratic success. With the reduction of voting age from 21 to 18, Indian has further strengthened its democracy as it recognized the role of youth in nation building process. Irrespective of any stratified society, people of all colour, caste, creed, language religion, region make up in a single line to express their choice on the Election Day. This integral approach has been the strength of Indian democracy which helped to empower the nation. Indian democracy has managed to go from strength to strength. With the passing of 73rd and 74th Amendment Acts, the democratic decentralization percolated to the Indian grassroots. Panchayati Raj and Municipality Institutions have brought governance closer to the people. They have managed to empowered the people by giving an elected forum to bring about local level and grassroot level development. Democracy in the country brought new vibrancy through local governance to enable rapid social-economic progress in the Indian villages.

Meetali soni

“My family is my life, and everything else comes second as far as what’s important to me.”

A family is a social group of people who stay together under the same roof in a society. It comprises two or more adults like parents and grandparents and young children who are bound in a relationship by birth or blood. They are collectively known as family members. Each family member is committed to each other in a mutual relationship. A family holds a special place in the life of an individual and the society in which he/she lives. Families are the most important part of one’s life. It does not matter if you have a small or big family, as long as you have one. A family serves as the first school to the child where one learns about various things. The basic knowledge about one’s culture and identity comes from their family. You are a reflection of your family. All the good habits and manners one has incorporated are from their family only. I feel very lucky to be born in a family which has made me a better person. In my opinion, families are an essential part of one’s being. Families are a blessing. Some people spend time away from the family in order to become independent. They do not realize the importance og family. Families are essential as they help in our growth. They develop us into becoming a complete person with an individual identity. Moreover, they give us a sense of security and a safe environment. In most societies, it is within families that children acquire socialization for life outside the family, and acts as the primary source of attachment, nurturing, and socialization for human. Additionally, as the basic unit for meeting the basic needs of its members, it provides a sense of boundaries for performing tasks in a safe environment, ideally builds a person into a functional adult, transmits culture, and ensures continuity of humankind with precedents of knowledge. A family consists of an adult and his or her offspring. Most commonly, it consists of two married adults, usually a man and a woman along with their offspring, usually living in a private and separate space. This type of unit, more specifically known as a nuclear family, is believed to be the oldest of the various types of families in existence. Sometimes the family includes not only the parents and their unmarried children living at home but also children that have married, their spouses, and their offspring, and possibly elderly dependents such an arrangement is called an extended family .My family has been always by my side in ups and downs. My family consists of four siblings and my parents. We also have a pet dog that is no less than our family. Within each family member, lies my strength. My mother is my strength as I can always count on her when I need a shoulder to cry on. She believes in me more than any other person. She is the backbone of our family. My father is someone who will always hide away his troubles for the sake of his family.Families are important because they nurture and develop us. They make us happy and give us the chance to become better human beings. Families enhance your confidence and make you believe in yourself.

In short, I cannot imagine my life without them. They are my first teachers and my first friends.They are responsible for creating a safe and secure environment for me at home. I can share everything with my family as they never judge one another. We believe in the power of love above everything and that drives us to help each other to become better human beings.

Thanks for reading…..

“Life cannot be changed in a minute. But a decision made in a minute can change everything”

If you think a minute of your time is nothing, try challenging your physical limits(Exercise), try challenging you mind to stopped for 1 minute. You will be amazed.. In the blink of an eye everything can change, so forgive often and spread love with all your heart.

You may not have that chance. Always stay positive, keep your surroundings positive, Be positive, Think positive, “you can change everything with in a minute”. Try to help the needed, the happiness from the faces of needed vl make ur day. If you are positive and loved by others, u can change everything, Love has more power than money, By acquiring love and spreading love u can be the leader for your Co’s and next generation. The art of decision making is the key for everyone. It will project to the entire system. So be confident and stay positive, Life will be beautiful and loved by all☺️..

Respiration is the process of obtaining and using oxygen, while eliminating carbon dioxide. It is the process by which human beings take in oxygen from their environment and give out carbon dioxide that is produced as a result of some chemical changes within the cells. The requirement of oxygen is indispensable for the human body. If the intake of oxygen is completely suspended for more than four minutes, the person usually dies. So, our body needs a continuous supply of oxygen . Some chemical changes take place in tissue cells. The main product of these chemical changes is CO2 . A continuous elimination of CO2 is essential. In fact, respiration is a twofold process. One is called internal respiration and the other is external respiration . The inhalation of oxygen is followed by some chemical changes in which , waste products are formed . Then exhalation of waste products takes place. The process of inhalation of O2 and exhalation of CO2+ H2O is called respiratory process . There are various organs of respiratory system , which play a vital role in respiration . These are mentioned below.

• Nose
• Pharynx
• Larynx
• Trachea
• Bronchi
• Diaphragm
• Lungs

BHIM SINGH V. STATE OF JAMMU AND KASHMIR

INTRODUCTION
An arrest made without reasonable suspicion and the individual arrested is concerned in a cognizable offence, can give rise to a claim
for damages for false or wrongful imprisonment. Considering the needs of the day where  illegal arrest is made without any rhyme or
reason and with total abuse of the power, Courts are not lagging behind in awarding a suitable compensation and exemplary cost to the
ultimate sufferer in such a scenario . In such situations, Courts are not supposed to remain silent spectators. For the wrongful arrest of
the group of persons under section 151of Criminal Procedure Code, the police had been directed to pay Rs.10000 as a compensation
to every individual that was arrested. Where it is shown that an arrested individual ,with mischievous and malicious intent , the Court
shall have the power to compensate the sufferer by granting suitable monetary compensation and exemplary cost. The Constitutional
safeguard for the protection of arrested persons is in general violated by police officials and sometimes, Magistrate may also neglect to
act in accordance with the law and such a situation arose in Bhim Singh vs. State.

FACTS OF THE CASE
Mr. Bhim Singh, an MLA of Jammu and Kashmir was arrested and was detained in police custody and was deliberately prevented
from attending sessions of the legislative assembly that were held on 11th September, 1985. He was arrested on an intervening night
between 9th and 10th September 1985 by the Quiz kunda police station’s officer , on an allegation that a case under section 153A of
Ranbir Penal Code has been registered against him for delivering an inflammatory speech at the public gathering held near parade
ground, Jammu on 8th September 1985. He was not produced before the Magistrate till 13th September. As his whereabouts were not
known, a writ of habeas corpus was filed in the supreme court by his wife. On inquiry of the Supreme Court, it was found that Mr.
Bhim Singh was illegally detained by the police, aided by collusion and by a casual attitude with the Magistrate, who ordered for
remand without production of the arrested person before him. The Court pointed out that the Magistrate acted without proper sense of
responsibility for personal liberty and the police arrested the imprisoned with malicious intent and it certainly was a gross violation of
the constitutional right of the accused person under article 21 and 22(2).

JUDGEMENT BY THE COURT
After hearing the arguments of both the parties and taking into consideration the facts of the case , the honorable Supreme court has
observed that the law enforcement officials acted in the most arbitrary way and ruled “if the non-public liberty of a member of
the legislature is to be treated within such fashion ,one can only think of what may happen to lesser mortals”. Moving forward ,the
apex court reminded the duties of “police officials who are , the custodians of law and order within any state should have the
best respect for private liberty of citizens and will not float the laws by stopping to such absurd acts of lawlessness. Custodians of law
and order must not become the predators of civil liberties. Their duty is to safeguard .” Chinnappa Reddy J. and Khalid J. followed the
choice of Supreme Court in Rudul Shah and Sebastian Hongray cases and expressed their view that , when someone involves us with

the complaint that he has been arrested with mischievous and malicious intentions ,where  his Constitutional and legal rights were
invaded, the malice and invasion might not be washed away by his being unfettered. The petitioner for such gross violation of the
fundamental rights granted to him by the constitution of our country ,was awarded monetary compensation by way of exemplary
costs. Within the cases of ‘ Rudul Shah v. State of Bihar and Anr.’ and within the case of ‘ Sebastian Hongray v. UOI, it has been
 noticed that just in case of such a violation of the basic rights provided by the Constitution, it is necessary to compensate the victim
by way of exemplary costs. The respondent, the State of Jammu and Kashmir was ordered to pay to the petitioner Rs.5000 within 2
months starting from the date of the judgment. The number was to be deposited with the Registrar of the Court which might then be
paid to the petitioner
ANALYSIS
The tort of false imprisonment is one of the most severe kinds of human rights violations. The Indian socio-legal system is based on
non-violence, mutual respect and human dignity of an individual. Even prisoners have human rights because, the prison torture is not
the last drug in the Justice Pharmacopoeia but a confession of failure to do justice to a man alive . In fact, the same is recognized by
Article 21 of the Indian Constitution. Article 20 with its sub-clauses re-enforces this and seeks to protect convicts from being held
down due to ex post facto laws (Art. 20 (a)), double jeopardy (Art. 20 (b)) and self-incrimination (Art. 20 (c)).
The right of a person to personal liberty, freedom, and life with dignity has been guaranteed and safe guarded by the Constitution
under Articles 20 and 21 and cannot be abrogated even during an emergency, and false imprisonment is incongruous of the same
situation. The fact that a convict is imprisoned and has to serve a sentence, doesn’t give the jail authorities any right to trouble or
torment him unnecessarily. It is a false notion that the prisoner subject to intolerable hardships is remediless. The term of
imprisonment is a decisive and vital factor that is to be considered in order to compute and award damages. And while awarding
damages for false imprisonment physical or mental injury has to be kept in mind. The mere fact that the person has been imprisoned
raises the claim of nominal or compensatory damages, if no other harm was caused to the plaintiff. If the person is unlawfully

confined or tormented by any police officer or government officer, then he/she or any person on his behalf can file for the writ of
habeas corpus. The writ ensures the liberty of the person who has been confined. The person who is about to be falsely arrested or
imprisoned can also use reasonable force in order to prevent false arrest. He can use this force for self-defense but has to make sure
that the force used is reasonable based on the circumstances.

CONCLUSION
Social and economic justice is the signature tune of the Indian Constitution. It guarantees and protects fundamental rights that cannot
be ordinarily derogated from. To protect these rights, the Constitution has provided for writ remedies enforceable by the High Courts
and the Supreme Court of India . Often these rights are violated by the state, though in some cases private parties may also be
involved. An important dimension of these remedies is the award of compensation as part of the relief that can be granted to the
affected person. This arises from the fact that not only does the state have a legal duty in protecting the rights guaranteed, but also a
social duty to compensate the affected individuals or parties when the state violates any of these rights. Through various decisions of
the Courts in India, it may be stated that this dream of human rights enthusiasts is now an obligation of the state. The rights have been
interpreted to imply a contract between the State and the citizens, a breach of which might be regressive monetarily.

Summertime Sadness from Lana Del Rey’s album Born to Die displays a rollercoaster of emotions the song writer might have gone through while writing the song. As the song begins we listen to a very high spirited singer, head over heels in love with her “summertime sadness”. They are separated by whatever reason that is not yet revealed to the auditors, but the singer craves for that one last touch of love, a kiss before she is swept away from her love and to reassure her beloved that he/she is the best. The buoyant singer is now dressed up in a red dress contrasting to the pale moon, which symbolises how she is trying to lift up her  spirits by dressing up, getting her hair done even while she is still surrounded by the pale moonlight, showing the sadness shes impersed in both internally and surrounding her externally. But even on this eerie night with a pale moon, she is trying to seek happiness and somehow relieve herself from the melancholy that’s surrounding her, she even takes off her heels, a simple act of pleasure for girls, yet she fails to achieve the state of complacency.

Right from the pre-chorus of the song, it’s slowly revealed how the singer is starting to feel low again, and that her rollercoaster of emotions is tipping low. She feels the unease slowly creeping into her, she feels it in the air, she feels even the telephone wires are being ominous, they are sizzling as if something bad is to happen to her; then we see her drowned in a new set of emotions where she feels strong. She believes that nothing can scare her anymore, as if things that she was terrified of had already happened to her. Even when she’s burnt with the feeling of loss, she is not ready to give up  nor is she complaining about her beloved, who has abandoned her. She is reassured that even after losing her loved one, living through that loss, even though the fires are fast burning around her, she is no longer scared, she will keep herself afloat. 

Throughout the song she sings about her summertime sadness. Contradicting the popular belief of having seasonal depression during winters, Lana has a summertime sadness, for her summer is the cruelest. It points to the possibility that she might have lost her beloved in a summer. It could also signify her getting reminded of the warmth of the summer time memories she created with her beloved, that is making her write these saddest lines and and through these summer days she is reliving her happy memories. The refrain of the lines

Kiss me hard before you

My summertime sadness 

I just wanted you to know 

That baby, your the best

Shows how the loss has scarred her deep. She is deeply affected, but never angry at her summertime sadness, for her he/she is still the best. She is still keen for a chance to see her summertime sadness again, to give a tight kiss one last time. Maybe she regrets a missed chance, maybe she craves to experience their last meeting again. 

From the second verse of the song, we get a glimpse of her summertime sadness. While she’s driving down at high speed, she feels an electric wave passing through her, she is not scared of her speed as she has her “baby by her heavenly side”. This is the first time it is revealed, her summertime sadness has passed on to the heavenly side. Which shows why she was never angry at her beloved, for leaving her. The last bridge of the song describes the feelings Lana has reserved for her beloved. She sings,

Think I’ll miss you forever

Like the stars miss the sun in the morning skies

Later’s better than never

Even if you’re gone I’m gonna drive, drive, drive

She is deeply mourning the death, she is driving her life forward only keeping in mind the destination where she could meet her beloved again.

While watching the accompanying video of the song, we get a clear image of her summertime sadness. The video is open ended and gives space for a lot more speculation. One of the conclusions that we can arrive at is the fact that her best friend/lover committed suicided, as we see a girl in white dress jumping off of a cliff. She is mourning the death and waits to pass on to the heavenly side and meet her again. She is in her red dress, driving down in about ‘99. Her suicidal tendencies or her anticipation for her death is clear from the countdown, “1..2..3..4..” resonating in the background. She wants to meet her bad baby on the heavenly side as fast as she could. This conclusion gains strength furthermore with the first words you hear when you listen to the song which says, “know that i love you forever, ok bye”. While correlating the lyrics with the music video, another possible explanation comes up. It can also be seen as a dead person’s message to her friend she’s leaving behind on the earthly side. It’s a message that reassures her summertime sadness, that she is happy and is not tense to take the leap. She is ready to take her own life. She is all dressed up, yet she takes her heels off, signifying how she is rectifying even the smallest discomfort she faces, she is no longer ready to suffer, she decides to move on to the painless world as she dawns her life with a countdown. She’s singing to her friend as she is leaving for the other world, the song signifies that last few moments of her life, as we see Lana’s happy memories playing on as if on a loop. 

It is an enigmatic song filled with the deep sense of loss for a loved one. The song could be about her personal journey of loss of a beloved or her a beautiful suicide note she is composing before she passes on to the other world.