Category: News

Comprehensive, up-to-date news coverage, aggregated from sources all over the world by EduindexNews.

GLOBAL WARMING

“Global warming is a term that refers to a steady rise in the average temperature of the Earth’s atmosphere and oceans, a phenomenon that is thought to be irreversibly altering the Earth’s climate.”
The increase in the average global temperature of the Earth is used to measure global warming. Some sections of the Earth may become colder as our average global temperature rises, while others may become warmer—hence the concept of average global temperature. Atmospheric heating and agitation induced by greenhouse gases increase the unpredictability of weather and climate, as well as the severity, scale, and frequency of storms, droughts, wildfires, and severe temperatures. The gases in the atmosphere that absorb and release heat radiation include water vapour, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and ozone. Increasing or lowering the amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere causes the sun’s heat to be trapped or released more.

Causes of global warming:

Fossil fuel combustion: CO2 pollution is released into the atmosphere when fossil fuels such as coal and gas are burned to generate energy or power our cars. Burning coal, oil, and gas produces carbon dioxide, the most major greenhouse gas in the atmosphere, as well as nitrous oxide, which is certainly the initial source of global warming.

Deforestation: Forest exploitation is a significant contributor to global warming. By absorbing CO2 from the atmosphere, trees aid in climate regulation. When trees are cut down, the carbon contained in them is released into the atmosphere, negating the positive effect. Forests and wilderness serve as carbon sinks, helping to keep global warming below 1.5 degrees Celsius. Humans, on the other hand, clear enormous swaths of land for farming, urban and infrastructural development, and the sale of tree products like lumber and palm oil all over the world. When vegetation is cut down or burned, the stored carbon is released as CO2, contributing to global warming.

Farming & Agriculture: Methane is a greenhouse gas produced by livestock, such as sheep and cattle. The amount of methane created by livestock grazing on a vast scale, such as in Australia, contributes significantly to global warming. Intensive farming, which includes not just ever-increasing livestock but also plant protection products and fertilizers, is another contributor to global warming. When cattle and sheep digest their food, they produce enormous volumes of methane, whereas fertilizers emit nitrous oxide.

Mining: The mining and metallurgical industries are vital to modern living. Metals and minerals are the raw materials that are used to create, transport, and manufacture items. This market accounts for 5% of all greenhouse gas emissions from extraction to distribution. Decarbonization initiatives across industries may result in significant shifts in commodity demand for the mining industry. Governments, investors, and society will put pressure on the mining sector, which is responsible for 4 to 7% of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, to reduce emissions.

Eruption of a Volcano: When volcanoes erupt, they release large amounts of carbon dioxide. Volcanoes have a minor impact on global warming, and eruptions result in short-term global cooling because ash in the air reflects more solar energy. Volcanic eruptions release gases and dust particles into the atmosphere, which have an impact on the climate. The majority of the particles ejected by volcanoes cool the earth by shielding it from the sun’s rays. Depending on the features of the eruption, the cooling impact can continue anywhere from months to years.

Cyber Bullying

What is Cyber Bullying?

When a young person uses the Internet or technology to harass, threaten, embarrass, or target another person, this person is called a cyberbullying. Typically, cyberbullying involves tweens and teens; but it’s not uncommon for adults to experience cyberbullying and public shaming as well. Even if someone deletes a mean post, chances are it’s still available in some form such as in a screenshot or a shared text message. Worse yet, those targeted by cyberbullies often don’t know who is bullying them, so they often have no way to bring it to an end.

Impact of Cyberbullying

If your child is being targeted by cyberbullying, it’s important that you work with them to report the cyberbullying and do everything you can to get the victimization to stop. Additionally, you should talk to their pediatrician or a mental health professional about what your child is experiencing. Expecting your child to cope with the cyberbullying on their own is not realistic. Cyberbullying also can lead to increasing levels of anxiety and depression. One study found that as many as 93% of kids victimized by cyberbullies reported feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and powerlessness.

Coping with Cyberbullying

  • Encourage your child to reclaim control. Cyberbullying can make teens feel like their lives are out of control. For this reason, you want to give them opportunities where they feel like they have some control. One way to do this is to encourage your child to use what they have experienced and turn it into something good like helping others going through the same thing.
  • Focus on learning from the experience. Whether your child needs a boost to their self-esteem or they need to learn to think positively, help your child identify what they can learn from this experience. You also can help them reframe their experience and focus on the good that has come from it rather than the pain that it caused.

Why People Are So Much Into BlAcK!

silhouette of forest during nighttime

Authoritative and powerful, the colour black can evoke strong emotions and an excessive amount of black are often overwhelming. Black is related to power, fear, mystery, strength, authority, elegance, formality, death, evil, and aggression, authority, rebellion, and class .
Black is everything combined into one. All of these colors, blue, red, yellow, green, etc. They’re combined to be black.
people who choose black as their favorite color are often artistic and sensitive. they are doing not share their life details easily with others. Sometimes people hide their kidish-self behind black colour. It gives them a way of security and authority within themselves.

Possibly,Chimpanzees have black hair on their body (both male and female), and if any animal is healthy, it’ll have many shiny hair. Since we evolved from chimpanzees, we subconsciously think that the opposite person (wearing the black clothes) is healthy, so when an lady gender wears it, we like it . Because who won’t sort of a healthy partner.

Black is taken into account as a sober and stubborn color. people that follow blackfashion are the people that know what they need in life and their life goal is extremely clear to them. The people hardly stray and that they wish to be observed by others this manner .
Black gives a mature but younger look. It helps to cover wearer’s body flaws. It also helps to cover garments flaws as black color always looks clean. If even, unfortunately, you bought a mark on your favorite piece of black clothing, still it’ll look clean.

Little Ice Age

Little Ice Age (LIA), climate interval that occurred from the early 14th century through the mid-19th century, when mountain glaciers expanded at several locations, including the European Alps, New Zealand, Alaska, and the southern Andes, and mean annual temperatures across the Northern Hemisphere declined by 0.6 °C (1.1 °F) relative to the average temperature between 1000 and 2000 CE. The term Little Ice Age was introduced to the scientific literature by Dutch-born American geologist F.E. Matthes in 1939. Originally the phrase was used to refer to Earth’s most recent 4,000-year period of mountain-glacier expansion and retreat. Today some scientists use it to distinguish only the period 1500–1850, when mountain glaciers expanded to their greatest extent, but the phrase is more commonly applied to the broader period 1300–1850. The Little Ice Age followed the Medieval Warming Period (roughly 900–1300 CE) and preceded the present period of warming that began in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

Geographic extent

Information obtained from “proxy records” (indirect records of ancient climatic conditions, such as ice cores, cores of lake sediment and coral, and annual growth rings in trees) as well as historical documents dating to the Little Ice Age period indicate that cooler conditions appeared in some regions, but, at the same time, warmer or stable conditions occurred in others. For instance, proxy records collected from western Greenland, Scandinavia, the British Isles, and western North America point to several cool episodes, lasting several decades each, when temperatures dropped 1 to 2 °C (1.8 to 3.6 °F) below the thousand-year averages for those areas. However, these regional temperature declines rarely occurred at the same time. Cooler episodes also materialized in the Southern Hemisphere, initiating the advance of glaciers in Patagonia and New Zealand, but these episodes did not coincide with those occurring in the Northern Hemisphere. Meanwhile, temperatures of other regions of the world, such as eastern China and the Andes, remained relatively stable during the Little Ice Age.

Still other regions experienced extended periods of drought, increased precipitation, or extreme swings in moisture. Many areas of northern Europe, for instance, were subjected to several years of long winters and short, wet summers, whereas parts of southern Europe endured droughts and season-long periods of heavy rainfall. Evidence also exists of multiyear droughts in equatorial Africa and Central and South Asia during the Little Ice Age.

Effects on civilization

The Little Ice Age is best known for its effects in Europe and the North Atlantic region. Alpine glaciers advanced far below their previous (and present) limits, obliterating farms, churches, and villages in Switzerland, France, and elsewhere. Frequent cold winters and cool, wet summers led to crop failures and famines over much of northern and central Europe. In addition, the North Atlantic cod fisheries declined as ocean temperatures fell in the 17th century.

During the early 15th century, as pack ice and storminess increased in the North Atlantic, Norse colonies in Greenland were cut off from the rest of Norse civilization; the western colony of Greenland collapsed through starvation, and the eastern colony was abandoned. Iceland became increasingly isolated from Scandinavia when the southern limit of sea ice expanded to encapsulate the island and locked it in ice for longer and longer periods during the year. Sea ice grew from zero average coverage before the year 1200 to eight weeks in the 13th century and 40 weeks in the 19th century.

In North America between 1250 and 1500, the Native American cultures of the upper Mississippi valley and the western prairies began a general decline as drier conditions set in, accompanied by a transfer from agriculture to hunting. Over the same period in Japan, glaciers advanced, the mean winter temperature dropped 3.5 °C (6.3 °F), and summers were marked by excessive rains and bad harvests.

Causes

The cause of the Little Ice Age is not known for certain; however, climatologists contend that reduced solar output, changes in atmospheric circulation, and explosive volcanism may have played roles in bringing about and extending the phenomenon.

Increased volcanism

Cool conditions in different regions during the Little Ice Age may have been influenced by explosive volcanic eruptions, such as the eruptions of Laki in Iceland in 1783 and Tambora on Sumbawa Island in 1815. Explosive eruptions propel gases and ash into the stratosphere, where they reflect incoming solar radiation. Consequently, they have been linked to conditions of lower average temperature around the world that may last a few years. Some scientists hypothesize that such volcanic activity may strengthen and extend the negative phase of the NAO, thus bringing on cooler conditions in northern Europe. Other scientists, however, argue that explosive eruptions may be linked to warmer winter conditions across northern Europe.

Impact of Covid-19 on environment

The activities human does has its impact directly on the environment which in turn affect humans in the long term . In the last two centuries the concern for the environment protection arose first during the Industrial Revolution in Europe which changed the entire dynamics of the world leading to revolutionary changes but the burning of coal to run the machines in the industries led to smoke pollution. With time as the number of industries increased globally so did the number of harmful pollutants released in the air causing high smog level, acid rain , respiratory diseases among many other things. It was not just the air but also the water where the waste from industries was directly released making water misfit for humans as well as posing threat to the animals in there. Everything on the surface of earth is interrelated , the cycle of destruction which once starts consumes everything within it fueled by the human greed. Extensive mining , improper waste disposal, excessive noise from honking of cars and other sources leads to different forms of air, soil and noise pollution . Over the years, different governments have come up with different plans to preserve and protect the natural resources and environment along with various methods to reduce the negative impact of globalization and industrialization on the environment.

The covid-19 pandemic which hit the world in early 2020 and has claimed almost a million lives till now had the countries going into the complete lockdown to prevent the further spread of the disease. Lockdown ceased the normal routines of the people as everyone was caged inside their houses with many loosing their jobs, many getting rest from the normally hectic lives, the conditions of the medical professionalists being worse as they had to deal with a foreign deadly disease which they had no idea about. The lockdown which closed all industries and workplaces brought down the world economy to a major level. Despite all these hardships, the only positive thing which happened was the clearance of the environment such as air and water which had been polluted beyond repair by the humans.

Everything has its own pros and cons. This blogs will tell you about the positive and negative impact of covid-19 on environment.

Positive impacts

  • There was a phenomenal reduction observed in the emission of green house gases such as carbon dioxide , methane and nitrous oxides due to closed industries and shut down of transportation which led to cleaner air. According to a study, China which had an average of 2,00,000 metric tones of carbon dioxide emission saw the emission being reduced by 25% which according to the Earth system scientists saved the lives of over 77000 people in two months. The decrease in air pollution brought with it 50% reduction of nitrogen dioxide and oxides of carbons levels which also decreased the rain in that particular time period being acidic. Acid rain which had led to many diseases and corrosion of metals and monuments such as our mighty Taj Mahal is caused by the combination of nitrogen dioxide with oxygen and water vapor present in the atmosphere which leads to the production of the harmful nitric acid along with water.
  • India, where the AQI(Air Quality Index) had worsen in the last decade, saw a drastic improvement in the air quality. The AQI obtained by the Central Pollution Control Board(CPCB) was assessed by comparing the level of pollutants degrading the air quality( PM10, PM2.5, Carbon monoxide and sulphur dioxide) in the unlock (pre covid-19) phase to that in the four lockdowns which the country experienced. It was observed that there was a gradual to rapid reduction in the level of these harmful pollutants and increment in ozone concentration due to the reduction in Nitrogen dioxide concentration by almost 80%.
  • Water Pollution which is a major problem in India and Bangladesh with industries releasing their waste water without its proper treatment in the water bodies causing the decrease in oxygen level in the water affecting the aquatic life present there and also making it unfit for human use. According to various reports, the Ganga and Yamuna rivers of the country which were one of the highly polluted rivers due to the dumping of garbage and industrial releases pre covid showed the signs of rejunevation during the lockdown. No discharge of harmful affluent in these water bodies led to the decline in nitrite concentration in water increasing the dissolved oxygen level. Further, it was reported that the districts in Ganga river basins experienced 60% more rainfall than what it normally experiences which led to the increased discharge of water in river further contributing towards the dilution of remaining pollutants.
  • Also, the animals which were rarely found in open such as the sea turtles finally retreated to their original natural habitant with many sea turtle and rare species of fishes being spotted in the open and on the beaches which were deserted in the lockdown.

Negative Impacts

  • People were advised to use masks and gloves as a precaution against covid-19. The inappropriate disposal of masks and gloves along with other bio medical waste which was used to treat the covid-19 patients will lead to more harm in the long term. Governments advised people against the open disposal of the bio medical wastes but lack of proper knowledge led people to do the otherwise contributing in the water and soil pollution.
  • Also, the flora and fauna which was protected by human guards against the illegal human activities was also at risk. As with lockdown, decrease in man power guarding the reserved forests and sanctuaries decreased which led to the increase in illegal deforestation, wildlife hunting among other things.

Covid-19 can be seen as the nature’s warning to humans to stop interfering in the natural things and to mend its relation with the environment , else the consequences will be terrible.

The Jagannath Rath Yatra

The Jagannath Rath Yatra is an annual Hindu festival associated with Lord Jagannath celebrated in Puri at the state of Odisha. It is celebrated on the Ashadha Shukla Paksha Dwitiya which is the third month according to the traditional Oriya calendar. A 9-day long event, it is celebrated as the return journey of Lord Krishna- who is known as Lord Jagannath, his brother Balabhadra- also known as Balaram and his sister Devi Subhadra to Vrindavana . On their way back from the Shri Gundicha Temple, the three stop near Mausi Maa’s Temple (their aunt’s abode) where Poda Pitha is offered to them.

The rath yatra begins at the Jagannaath Temple in Puri. The Jagannath Temple is believed to have been constructed by the king of Ganga Dynasty- Ananta Varman Chodaganga Deva in the 12th century(source-wikipedia). The image of Sri Krishna (Lord Jagannath) in the temple of Puri is made of wood and is replaced every 12 or 19 years by an exact replica. This temple is part of the Char Dham( that comprises of the temples of Badrinath, Dwaraka, Puri and Rameswaram).

Every year, the rath of all three deities is newly constructed by a specialized team of carpenters from the wood of a particular type of neem tree and takes about 2 months to construct. They are given hereditary rights for the very same. A week prior to the Rath Yatra, the Jagannath temple’s doors are shut as the lord is believed to have caught a high fever during his annual bath. After the end of the 7-day rest period, the doors are opened and the 3 km Rath Yatra begins, where thousands of devotees from all over the world participate in pulling the raths of the 3 deities to Shri Gundicha Temple. It is a popular belief that anyone who participates in the Rath Yatra is blessed with a good fortune. During the festival, the king dressed as a sweeper, sweeps the area around all the 3 chariots with a golden broom and sprinkles sandalwood water and powder as a part of the Chera Paahara ritual held on two separate days that marks the beginning as well as the end of the Rath Yatra. This day of the beginning of Rath Yatra also marks the beginning of agricultural season and farmers start ploughing their fields. It also marks the beginning of a three weeks long Chandan Yatra.

This year, however, in response to the covid-19 pandemic that is spread across the country, the government said that the Rath Yatra will take place with only 5 vehicles including 3 chariots and no devotees. The Supreme Court also said that the Rath Yatra will take place in limited areas of Puri. It began on the 12th of July,2021.

To whom the world belongs?

Biggest Landowner

Owning a piece of land in the world is a dream for many people. People having their own place for settlement is the daily struggle. Many Country politics are revolving around settlements, refugees and Wars for acquiring other colonies are daily news.
But do you know who own not only a piece of land but multiple countries?

Owner of 16 Countries

The world’s biggest Landowner is Queen Elizabeth II, who legally owns about 16.6% of the Earth’s land surface. She is the only person on the earth who owns multiple countries.
Queen Elizabeth II serves as the Head of State of United Kingdom, Barbados, Antigua and Barbuda, Australia, Bahamas, Belize, Canada, Grenada, Jamaica, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Solomon Islands and Tuvalu.
These nations are termed as “Commonwealth Realms”. These nations were former British colonies. The British sovereign retains the position she holds in the United kingdom that of the Head of State. As in Britain, this is largely a ceremonial role from day to day.

Many nations have withdrawn from the Queen’s rule before as like that from these 16 current nations, Barbados has announced that it will remove Queen Elizabeth II as the country’s head of state and become Republic by November 2021.
After which Queen Elizabeth II will own 14 Countries in addition to the home country United Kingdom. 

Sex Education

Indian wisdom holds Kama, love or desire of sensual enjoyment as one of the four ends of life. These are religion(dharma), wealth(artha), sex(kama) and liberation(moksha). India has dealt with the matter of sex most objectively and scientifically which is why there are temples of Khajuraho, Konark and Puri and a treatise like Vatsyayana’s Kamasutra. And yet sex has become a taboo now. Many parents, teachers and others find it embarrassing to talk of sex before children and students. In these days of much scientific, technological and industrial development, there still persist many superstitions, myths and much ignorance about sex in India. Because of this lack of scientific understanding of the procreation and it’s physical aspects, the adolescents and children suffer the most. Consequently, they are not able to develop healthy attitude towards sex and suffer from many sex related misconceptions. In the absence of right knowledge and healthy attitude towards sex they often become victims of sex abuses and suffer the ills mutely. In these days Web series, Western movies and liberal morals, the Indian children feel sexually excited and stimulated but cannot properly cope with the situation for want of sex education and start suffering from various sex related complexes. As such they commit many mistakes which often put them on wrong tracks and ruin their life.

The rapid increase in the cases of AIDS, HIV positive etc. are the direct result of this total ignorance about sex and the reproductive process. There is an urgent need to remove misconceptions about it by introduction of sex education on a wide scale in schools and colleges on scientific lines. It has become all the more important as coeducation is becoming more popular arid there is free and liberal coming together of the opposite sexes at schools, colleges, universities and social levels. Children are scolded or discouraged when found discussing sex. Then they try to obtain knowledge about sex from doubtful, ill informed sources, friends and books. This gives rise to obscene books, pornographic literature, blue films and such other trash material. Even many married couple suffer from sex guilt and think love making as something asocial, obscene and undesirable to be indulged into the darkness of their bedrooms at night. This unscientific and unhealthy attitude towards sex has been largely responsible for such evils as gender bias, sex abuse, prostitution, rape, homosexuality, unnatural sex and undesired pregnancy.

If the children are taught sex scientifically, naturally and as one of the school subjects many of the evils and complexes related with sex can be removed. Many of the diseases like syphilis, AIDS, STD etc can be prevented if sex education is imparted to the children by their teachers and parents with the help of models, charts, illustrations, slides etc. When properly informed, they would be better armed to guard against sex abuses and exploitations. Many young men and women become victims of evil sensual designs because of poor or unscientific sex knowledge. Consequently, there are many cases of unwanted mothers, children and pregnancies. No doubt, it is a very sensitive subject and needs to be handled very carefully and cautiously or else it may create another type of serious problems as is happening in many western countries where free love and sex prevails.

The content, quality and method of sex education should be proven standard. The men and women entrusted with giving sex education to children should be really well qualified mentally, psychologically and educationally. There cannot be any ad hoc or half baked things. Sex education should be suggestive, imaginative but of practical value based on scientific studies and attitudes. Such an explosive subject cannot be taken lightly nor can it be ignored. Children cannot be any longer brought up in ignorance of facts which so intimately concern them. Their questions, curiosity and doubts about the subject should be fully answered and removed. They should be encouraged to know more about it like any other subject. In the formative years of childhood and adolescence, it is very essential that they are well informed about sex. A lack of sex education or faulty education at this stage may result in various forms of sexual deviations and abnormalities later in adulthood.

The UNTITLED by Zuhair

It has been two hours that I have been sitting in a coffee shop thinking for a plot  for my dream story and drinking cups of coffee. But the idea is simply  not coming . It is tough to be an writer .

Since I have decided to be an writer  and make fame and money it is a compulsory thing to be creative. Finding a plot is a big task. I have been trying to find a plot for my debut movie but in spite of 3 months of breaking my mind, I am yet to make up  an original plot.

Suddenly my mobile rings, the caller is my  wife.

“Where are you?’’ she asks.

“I am just  relaxing out at a coffee zone in ECR. I’ll be here for  some time.”

“Don’t take much time. Please be in time for lunch at 1 p.m.” she abruptly ends the call.

I work as a  bank agent in SBI. Since the thought of becoming an writer has entered my head I have been looking to find the perfect plot. The coffee shop is half empty.  It is 11 a.m. on a  Sunday morning . I glance around at the people while having  my coffee. A young couple is sitting in a corner table. An old man in his sixties is reading a newspaper alone in a table. A family of three is sitting in a centre table. The child is crying. His mother is trying to stop the boy crying.

Half an hour passes. The cafe is almost full now. Suddenly a young woman enters the cafe. She is wearing grey trousers and black top with a blue scarf wrapped around her head. She looks around for any empty table.  There is none.  She looks at my table. The opposite chair in my table is empty. She comes straight towards my table.

“May I join you?’’ she asks.

I am amazed,  I realize that this is the only table that is half vacant. I just allowed her.

I notice she had a black bag hanging on her shoulders. She keeps the bag away from her.

She looks at me and says “Thanks for the seat. I hope I am not disturbing you.”

“No it is okay. I am sitting alone; it is nice to have a company.” I reply.

She orders for a apple shake . Then she gets busy looking at her messages in her mobile.

I am thinking of starting a conversation with the lady.

“This place is good. I often visit this cafe.”  I start to talk with her.

She does not reply.

“I am an  bank agent”.  I wanted to  continue the conversation.

“What about you?” I continue.

“My name is Priyanka “.I organize events. “she replies. She looks disturbed.

“You look troubled,is everything okay?” I asked. ” Just flush out your thoughts”, I continued.

“She remains quite for a minute then she answers  ” Yes I am a bit disturbed. But I do not want to trouble you. You are a stranger.”

“You can believe  me” I try to be charming.
She had a immediate reply ” How do I”.
“The reason is that coz I have heard Beleiver a lot of times.

She laughs at me as if I had cracked a joke. I was serious about it. I never spoke of it as she started a conversation.
“Well I have a friend who wants to kill her husband. She wants me to be a part of her plan.” She replies.

” Want to crack a joke.” I reply.

“It is not a joke. “ She replies.

I may get some interesting plot for my story from this situation I think. I want to know her story.

“You can share with me if you want.”

“My friend that I mentioned is my best friend, we studied in the same school in Kolkata. Her husband is rude, she wants to get rid of him and has plans to kill him. I have tried to stop her but she is not willing to listen.”

“Why cannot your friend leave her husband and run away. “  I asked.

“She has tried a few times but he chases her and finds her always and brings her home. This time she wants to get rid of him fully so that he cannot find her again.”

How can I help her in this situation?  But a plot for my story  is coming to my mind. So I am interested to know what happens after? How does her friend attempt to kill her husband?  Does she kill?

I want to hear the full story. My phone is ringing again. My wife called. I will have to leave now as it is getting late.

“I am guilty that I cannot help you in this matter. But please let me know what happens next if ever we meet again.” I get up from the table.

“Oh I forgot to ask you your name.” she asks. I do not know why I shared my thoughts with you.”

I should not say my original name to her, I think, I do not want to get into any trouble   “Well my name is…forget it,that does not matters a lot. I will have to leave.  Bye”

I ask for the bill and pay and get into my car. Driving home to Palavakkam from Adayar.  I am thinking what if the lady is speaking the truth. What happens next?  Anyway it is too late now. I will have to reach home now. I have promised to take my wife out for dinner tonight. It has been a long time that we had gone out together.

But anyways I have got the plot of my story, I think.  My story will say of how a woman kills her husband. The suspense and the drama will make it a huge success, I think.

I reach home within half an hour. I drive my car in the parking lot of my area. Reaching my house I rang the calling bell. My wife opens the door.

“You are late.” She complains. “I have cooked your favourite dish for lunch today.”

It is fried rice and chicken gravy for lunch. That is my favourite dish and my wife cooks them really well.

“Thanks, I will be ready.” I said.

After freshening I came to the dining table.

“So have you got your plot?” she asks.

“Well, I have got an idea, it will be a thriller. I will let you know once I finish it.” I am scared from sharing the conversation with the lady in the coffee shop.

After half an hour I am sitting on the dining table.  She brings the chicken and fried rice to the table. There is only one plate for me. Normally my wife has lunch with me.

“Where is your plate?” I asked.

“First taste some chicken and fried rice to check whether the salt is adequate and let me know how it is. Then I will join you”. She replies.

I take some fried rice and 2 pieces of chicken legs and tastes them. “Awesome.” I reply.

After two huge spoons of fried rice I continue my lunch.

“Today after you finish your lunch, I will start my lunch. “ My wife says.

I continue my lunch. I am thinking whether it is any fasting today. No, then why she is not having her lunch with me, I try to think.

When I have almost finished my lunch suddenly I start feeling dizziness in my head. My head is spinning as if I had came out of a coaster, I had to vomit, as if something is stuck in my throat. I drink a glass of water, but I start feeling more dizzy.

“I am not feeling okay, my head is rotating. I think may be I had a heart attack.

“Please call the doctor”

My wife is standing still without any movements. Suddenly a smile comes on her face.  I try to reach for my mobile but cannot find it.

“ Call a doctor pls. where is my mobile?”  I ask.

“Is the lunch tasty?  Have you enjoyed your lunch“ She asks still smiling.

What was in lunch today I try to think. Did the lunch have  something to do with my sudden condition?

“ What was about the lunch today? Why have you hidden my mobile?”  I asked her again.

“Because my dear you had poison in your lunch today in your chicken gravy. That is the only way to get rid of you”. She replies.

My wife has poisoned me. Suddenly I remember the lady in the cafe. The friend she was referring is my wife. She is also from Kolkata.  It is my wife  who wants to kill me. I wish that I should have heard details from her. May be I could have got some clues.

The whole story comes in front of my eyes. That my had shared her thoughts with her best friend. Her friend had accidentally met me in the coffee shop.  I had got a chance to get to know the plan. But I did not hear. My eyes begin to close; it is getting very difficult for me to keep my eyes open. I collapse and faint while my wife keeps looking. Slowly my breathing is stopping and I am getting unconscious. I realize I am dying.

While passing out flashbacks comes to my mind. I was looking for a plot, a perfect plot,  a master piece that would make me a author. I got the plot but I did not realize that the dying character of my story will be myself, that I will live the life of the character of my story.

–END-

TVF: A platform as a symbol of common man’s life.

TVF (The viral fever) is an Indian over-the-top streaming service and YouTube channel. It is seen as the pioneer of web content in India. Their earlier shows like Permanent Roommates and Pitchers introduced the idea of serialised storytelling on YouTube to an average Indian consumer. The idea at TVF has always been to come up with original content that strikes a chord with the Indian audience. Whether it’s family, relationships or the difficulties of college life, the shows and videos have always been refreshing and yet relatable. When people hear the word TVF, they imagine the best storytellers in the country irrespective of the platform. There has to be something different about our shows.The Viral Fever was one of the early arrivals on the Indian digital entertainment segment with videos covering a range of topics on Indian politics, movies, lifestyle, and emerging social concepts.

The Viral Fever has etched its name in our hearts with some of the most relatable and quirky web series on the internet. Their relatable and rather hatke content has time and again won our hearts. Whether it’s something in drama or maybe a comedy, they have set the bar pretty high. Today, we’re here with a list of 5 tvf webseries that you must watch.

1.Panchayat

Panchayat, created by TVF for Amazon Prime Video, has been winning hearts since its premiere. Starring Jitendra Kumar, Raghubir Yadav, Neena Gupta, Panchayat follows a man who has been posted to a village as a part of his government job. The show follows his journey as he tries to make peace with his surroundings even though he feels like he is in an alien environment.A satire on the challenges he faces during his tenure in the office and the dry humour has won over countless people who have seen this show. A must-watch if you still haven’t seen this one. At the inaugural ceremony of Filmfare OTT Awards, the film won all the nominations under the Comedy Series category, except for Best Actress, which went to Mithila Palkar for Little Things. The series were also nominated for Best Original Story, Screenplay and Dialogues for Chandan Kumar, although it did not receive a win.

2.The pitchers

The plot of Pitchers follows the lives of 4 friends who’re pretty unhappy with their jobs. An inspirational story filled with some great comic scenes – it shows how these friends come together to start a company by quitting their day jobs. Portraying the struggle, hard work, sweat, tears and countless sacrifices that go into making a company successful – this show is a must-watch. The first season of the show was fairly successful but following the sexual harassment claims against creator-actor Arunabh Kumar, the show did not return for a second season.

3.kota factory

Kota Factory followed the coaching culture that’s prevalent in the city of Kota, Rajasthan. Starring Jitendra Kumar and Mayur More, Kota Factory struck a chord with the audience and was an instant hit on YouTube. The five episodes of the series have over 130 million views on YouTube collectively. It is hilarious, a little dark, bittersweet and very entertaining. Plus, the fact that it’s been shot in monochrome sets it apart from other web series.

4.Aspirants

This plot follows the lives of 3 friends – Abhilasha, Guri and SK living in Old Rajinder Nagar in Delhi. Showcasing the struggle and drama that goes on behind the making of an IAS or CSE, Aspirant brings forth this entire journey. Starring Naveen Kasturia, Sunny Hinduja, and others in significant roles, Aspirants follows candidates who are preparing for their UPSC exams in Delhi’s Old Rajinder Nagar.

5.Hostel daze

Hostel Daze is an Indian Hindi-language comedy-drama streaming television miniseries created Saurabh Khanna and Abhishek Yadav. Directed Raghav Subbu, it stars Adarsh Gourav, Luv, Shubham Gaur, Nikhil Vijay and Ahsaas Channa in lead roles. Hostel Daze premiered on Amazon Prime Video on 13 December 2019. Hostel Daze can be described as a laughter ride through the corridors of hostel life that celebrates the catastrophe escapade of four students played by Adarsh Gourav, Luv, Shubham Gaur, Nikhil Vijay, and wing-mates, brought together by fate and later followed by forced friendships, heartbreaks, and flumping grades.

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The case Ivory traders & manufacturers association VS Union of India

 THE CASE IVORY TRADERS & MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION VS UNION OF INDIA

INTRODUCTION

This case is based on the trading of ivory which is illegal. Basically the meaning of ivory is teeth of elephant. It is used for making the ornaments and other articles. And we know that it is banned because the trading of ivory is illegal. The animals get harm due to this. It is found tusks of the elephant. The case Ivory traders & manufacturers association VS Union of India, (AIR 1997 DEL 267) is based on the trading of the ivory.

  • According to article 48A of the Constitution of India: “protection and improvement and safeguarding of forests and wildlife.
  • The State shall endeavor to protect and improve the environment and to safeguard the forests and wildlife of the country.

NAMES OF JUDGES

The bench of:-

 The Hon’ble CJ Mr. M Jagannadha Rao

The Hon’ble Mr. Justice Anil Dev

 The Hon’ble Mr. Justice Manmohan Singh

FACTS OF THE CASE  

  • The petitioners are dealers and artisans in ivory carry on the and trade in ivory including the manufacture of articles which are derived from ivory lawfully imported in India prior to be ban.
  • They import the parts of his stock of mammoth ivory from Russia and parts of it from Hong Kong for the purposes of the business.
  • Ivory derived from mammoth, extinct species of wild animal and ivory derived from elephants. As the mammoth and elephants both are different from each other.
  • This case is totally based on environment and safeguarding of forests and wildlife. The State shall protect and improve the environment and to safeguard the forests and wildlife of the country.
  • Four countries are involved in this trading these are India, Russia, Hong Kong and china.
  • The court reasoned that the amendment act explicitly bans the use of ivory for commercial use: “no person can commence or carry on business as a dealer in ivory imported into India or articles made, there from, or as manufacturers of such articles”. The court puts special emphasis on the words ivory imported into India as being designed deliberately. The intention is to cover all descriptions of ivory, including from mammoth.
  • Therefore, they plead that they are persons affected by amendment act.
  • The cannot even retain the possession and control of the ivory lawfully imported by them and articles made or derived there from as the same has been made an offence U/S 51 of act read with section 49 c (2). They say that the ban is unreasonable, unfair and arbitrary.

IMPORTANT ARGUMENTS ON BEHALF OF PETITIONER

  • First of all the restriction is unreasonable unfair and arbitrary and violates the fundamental rights of the petitioner under article 14 and 19 (1) (g) of Constitution of India.
  • As per the amendment act extinguishes the title of the petitioners over the imported ivory lawfully required by them and articles made there from without making any provisions for compensation thereof.
  • The petitioners trade only in imported fossil ivory and articles manufactured there from.
  • The mammoth imported from abroad and actually the act does not deal with this kind of ivory at all.
  • The act only covers elephant ivory articles made there from. That the elephant ivory and mammoth ivory are of different types and can be distinguished from each other.

IMPORTANT ARGUMENTS ON BEHALF OF DEFENDANT

  • That the impugned legislation was enacted to provide protection to the wildlife and it must be viewed in that perspective.
  • That the necessity of population and conservation of wildlife is essential for the very existence of human life.
  • There is an illegal killing of the India elephants for the ivory.
  • Due to this wildlife of our country is also depleting. We have to control this depletion and we have to take strict steps to control all these things.
  • As I have discussed above about the depletion of wildlife this is all because of human activities. As the initiative is taken by the government. Is they constructed the wildlife sanctuaries and the national parks to only save the animals and our wildlife also.
  • The human beings are exploiting animals because of the rise of money in the products of wild animals. The trade of ivory was banned in 1986 in India. And the opportunity is left with traders to dispose of the stock.

JUDGEMENT

It needs to be noticed that the Amendment Act 44 of 1991 has been enacted to carry out the mandate of the directive principles as enshrined in Article 48-A. The State has the power to completely prohibit a trade or business which has an adverse impact on the preservation of species of wild life which are on the verge of extinction both because it is inherently dangerous practice to destroy such animals in terms of ecology and also because of the directive principles contained in Article 48A of the Constitution. When the Legislature prohibits a pernicious, noxious or a dangerous trade or business it is in recognition of society’s right of self protection. Act 44 of 1991 inserted Clause (I a) in Section 49-B (1) (a) in the principal Act. As per it- ‘No person can commence or carry on business as a dealer in ivory imported into India or articles made, there from, or as manufacturer of such articles.’ It is also noteworthy that Sub-clause (I a) uses the words ‘ivory imported into India’. These words have been designedly and deliberately used by the Legislature. The legislation intended to cover all descriptions of ivory imported into India including mammoth ivory to prevent Indian ivory from entering into the market under the pretext of mammoth ivory or African ivory. Once the mammoth ivory is shaped into an article or curio, it looks exactly like an article made from elephant ivory which was said on the basis of the articles shown in Court. The respondent in its affidavit has also expressed the same difficulty in distinguishing. Also when a buyer intends to buy a curio, he is not interested to know whether it was created from elephant ivory or mammoth ivory as an average buyer also does not have the expertise or the knowledge to distinguish between article made from mammoth ivory and Indian ivory and buys it purely on aesthetic considerations or as a statue symbol. To give permission to trade in Articles made from mammoth ivory would result in laundering of Indian ivory — a result which the legislation wants to prevent for the reasons already explained above.

CONCLUSION

No citizen has fundamental rights to trade in ivory or ivory articles. Article 14 of Constitution of India is violative unreasonable, unfairness and arbitrariness. The petitioners have no fundamental right to carry on a trade or business in exhibiting or traders of animals covered by the impugned notification is prevention of unnecessary pain and suffering to animals. We have to conserve our environments. The ivory trade in India and provide a safe and protected environment for the Indian elephant.

India’s first Covid patient again tested positive

She was a student from Kerala’s Thrissur enrolled at a medical college in China, who was the first Indian to test positive for Covid-19 in January 2020 after returning to India following the outbreak of the pandemic, has been infected again, a health official said on Tuesday.

Thrissur district medical officer K J Reena said” she has been she tested positive and under quarantine at her home. None of the family members have tested positive so far”.

The student was found to have been reinfected after she was retested as she planned to travel to Delhi. Her family said she is showing no visible symptoms and that she has also been administered the first Covid-19 vaccine dose.

The student, who has been unable to return to China as Beijing is yet to allow Indian students back into the country because of the pandemic, spent almost a month in hospital while undergoing treatment for Covid-19 in 2020. Her friends also tested positive who was travelled with her from Wuhan.

She spent 24 days at an isolated ward from January 27 to February 20, wearing personal protective equipment. She said her medical background helped her overcome the trauma.

Online education

Due to corona it has been full of online classes even for 1st standard children just to make parents pay the fees even though there is no use of those classes when i say no uses students logging into the classes and they are enjoying , sleeping , eating , so there is no point in having classes for students under 8th standard. But there are many professional courses which are more useful for students now lets see about effectiveness of online education

As with most teaching methods, online learning also has its own set of positives and negatives. Decoding and understanding these positives and negatives will help institutes in creating strategies for more efficient delivery of the lessons, ensuring an uninterrupted learning journey for the students.

Advantages

Online learning offers teachers an efficient way to deliver lessons to students. Online learning has a number of tools such as videos, PDFs, podcasts, and teachers can use all these tools as part of their lesson plans. It allows students to attend classes from any location of their choice. It also allows schools to reach out to a more extensive network of students, instead of being restricted by geographical boundaries. All the course or study materials are available online, thus creating a paperless learning environment which is more affordable, while also being beneficial to the environment. Since online classes can be taken from home or location of choice, there are fewer chances of students missing out on lessons. Every student has a different learning journey and a different learning style. Some students are visual learners, while some students prefer to learn through audio. Similarly, some students thrive in the classroom, and other students are solo learners who get distracted by large groups. The online learning system, with its range of options and resources, can be personalized in many ways. It is the best way to create a perfect learning environment suited to the needs of each student.

Disadvantage

For many students, one of the biggest challenges of online learning is the struggle with focusing on the screen for long periods of time. With online learning, there is also a greater chance for students to be easily distracted by social media or other sites. Another key challenge of online classes is internet connectivity. While internet penetration has grown in leaps and bounds over the past few years, in smaller cities and towns, a consistent connection with decent speed is a problem. Without a consistent internet connection for students or teachers, there can be a lack of continuity in learning for the child. This is detrimental to the education process. Students can learn a lot from being in the company of their peers. However, in an online class, there are minimal physical interactions between students and teachers. This often results in a sense of isolation for the students. Online learning requires teachers to have a basic understanding of using digital forms of learning. However, this is not the case always. Very often, teachers have a very basic understanding of technology. Sometimes, they don’t even have the necessary resources and tools to conducts online classes. Many parents are concerned about the health hazards of having their children spend so many hours staring at a screen. This increase in screen time is one of the biggest concerns and disadvantages of online learning. Sometimes students also develop bad posture and other physical problems due to staying hunched in front of a screen. 

Crime against women on internet

Garima, is a 16 year old girl , brought new phone . She uploaded some of her pictures on social media . Now a guy started stocking her profile . He took some screenshots of her pictures , and morphed them all with nudes  . He sent those nudes to garima and started blackmailing her for sending money . Now what will she do next about this cyber extortion. There are thousands of garima over there who are suffering from same situations .

Acoording to national crime bureau , internet is being used by 71 cr people , among which , 25 cr are women. In this portion of population, 80% of people are being victimized to cyber crimes and 63% of people don’t know where to lodge complaints on cyber crimes.

Cybercrime, are known as computer crime, the use of a computer as an instrument to further illegal ends, such as committing fraud, trafficking in child pornography and intellectual property, stealing identities, or violating privacy. 

                     Manish Kathuria was stalking Ms. Ritu Kohli by illegally chatting on the web site, http://www.mirc.com using her name; and used obscene and vulgur language . He gave the details of her residence and telephone number . Also invited people to chat with her on the phone. As a result, Ms. Ritu Kohli was getting obscene calls from various states of India and abroad, and people were talking dirty with her. She logged FIR in police statio . The police registered her case under Section 509 of the Indian Penal Code, 1860 for outraging the modesty of Ritu Kohli. But Section 509 refers only to a word, a gesture or an act intended to insult modesty of a woman. So this was a 1st case of staking under information Technology act. 

In information technology act 2000 , some cyber  crimes against women , were described. Which are mentioned below

1. Harassment vie email           

2. Cyber Defamation

3.Morphing

4. Email Spoofing

5. Hacking

6. Cyber Pornography

7. Cyber Sexual Defamation

8. Cyber Flirting

9. Cyber bulling

  • Punishment for harassment vie email Harassment vie email is 3 years , acoording to section 354D ( criminal law amendment act 2013 )
  • Email Spooning ; Section 66 of the Information Technology Act 2000 mentioned the punishment for cheating by personation by suing a communication device or other electronic devices. It is an offence punishable with up to three years imprisonment and fine up to Rs one lakh ruppe under IT act .section 415 and Section 416 of the Indian Penal Code also deals with this. It’s a Cheating by personation entails cheating by pretending to be the some other person or representing himself to be a person that he is not. The law explains that cheating by personation is committed by those individual who personates himself as the real person.
  • For cyber defamation, Section 67 of the IT Act 2000 provides for punishment to whoever transmits or publishes or causes to be published or transmitted any material which is obscene in electronic form with imprisonment for a term which may extend to two years and with fine which may extend to 25k on first conviction .
  • In the case of morphing , an accused can be punished under section 67 A of IT ACT 2002 , as well as violator can be punished under section 441 of Indian Penal code for criminal trespass, under Section 290 for committing public nuisance and under Section 292 A for printing or publishing grossly indecent or scurrilous matter or matter intended to blackmail and under Section 501 of Indian Penal Code for defamation.
  • Cyber Pornography, law related to pornography has been mentioned under section 292 of the Indian Penal code. It deals with the offence of obscenity. In addition Section 354 A of the Indian Penal Code was inserted in the year 2013 dealing with the offence of sexual harassment and also includes a man showing pornographic material to a woman against her will. The punishment under the Information technology act is more stringent in which the offence is punishable with imprisonment up to five years and fine up to Rs ten lakh for subsequent conviction.

More frequently this tech is growing

Much severely cyber crimes are prevailing

This violation of cyber laws can be stopped only by spreading awareness angaisnt the wrong and deceitful use of technology, and by making the punishment more deterrent. Victim in this situation face more mental anguish . This incident can easily destroy the confidence of a woman for her whole life .Technically, web is for learning new ideas and for providing relevant information. This should be used accordingly.

BEST PROFESSION IN THIS WORLD

Profession is not only about salaries Or what amount of money we invest in it.  Yes the other professions are equally important.

But if you ask me, the best profession is that of a mother. It is a job which is extremely challenging and difficult to learn and master.

Although often this job is underrated and overlooked.

A mother is someone who binds all the corners of the house and it’s people. Mothers are entrusted, and are almost totally responsible for the health, care, training, morals, security, emotional strengths, attitudes, social understanding discipline, and success of their children.

Mothers are required to possess the knowledge, practice the skills, and perform the duties of so many different life functions. They are so many in number that it is impossible to even list them.

According to me, there is no school or college that trains you to become a successful mother. Other professions like attorneys, medical doctors, and dentists, must attend anywhere from six-to-ten years of additional education after high school to be qualified to begin their profession.

Mothers are far more qualified and far more valuable producers than they, or the business world realizes. Therefore every mother of this world should receive the love that she deserves. They should be highly respected and cared.

Honestly speaking, my world revolves around my mother.