Demonetization refers to the act of stripping a currency as legal tender. In demonetization, the current form of money is removed from circulation and retired. Furthermore, the replacement of this form of money occurs with new notes or coins. Sometimes, a nation completely introduces a new currency in place of old currency. Most noteworthy, demonetization is a move in which a government bans the notes or coins of a certain denomination.

More than 300,000 acres are burning across six states across the west coast of United States on Sunday. This event was triggered by a record-breaking heat wave in the region.

Communities have been told to evacuate while firefighters battle the wildfire in the extreme conditions. Firefighters from several wildfires in the region said, the air is so dry that most of the water dropped by aircraft to extinguish the flames evaporates even before it reaches the ground. On Saturday, two firefighters in Arizona died when their aircraft crashed while trying to extinguish the roaring flames. In California, residents were urged to cut power consumption after interstate power lines were caught on fire. In the north of Nevada, near the border with California, wildfires were triggered by lightning strikes in the Sierra Nevada Forest region. Reports have said that a fire, which doubled in size between Friday and Saturday, sent up a giant cloud of smoke and ash, combining with the dry heat to generate its own lightning.

Experts say that climate change is expected to increase the frequency of extreme weather events, such as heatwaves. Las Vegas had its all-time high temperature of 47.2 Celsius. The west coast experienced it’s hottest June ever, this year. It comes just weeks after another dangerous heatwave hit North America, in which hundreds of sudden deaths were recorded.

This event is not new. Every year thousands of acres of land and wildlife is burned by wildfires in California and the neighboring west coast states. They have been growing in size and intensity, and have been particularly devastating in the last three to five years. California’s population has doubled since 1970, from 20 million to almost 40 million. Also during this period, climate change has extended the fire season by at least 75 days since the 1970s, putting millions more lives in danger.

For the past few years, wildfires have been an annual, or even monthly event, not only in the US, but many parts of the world. As the need of serious action against climate change is being more and more urgent, there must be steps taken to fight and control wildfires. More funds should be given for research. Properly funded research could study the best ways to predict high-risk areas for wildfire and to better understand how climate change is shifting how wildfires behave. Strict environmental laws need to be passed by the government and enough wildfire disaster relief funds must be used effectively and efficiently to prevent spread of wildfires and protect the people living close to potential threat from wildfires.

The concept of web design and development has been around for about as long as websites have existed. It used to have a much simpler definition because website creation used to be a much simpler process. When you compare the first website, which came out in 1991, to modern websites, you can really see how much websites have evolved. Today creating and maintaining a website is more complex, and involves an entire ecosystem of roles and skill sets. For designers, it can be difficult to know exactly where you fit into this ecosystem. This article outlines the major aspects of the website creation process, offering a clear picture of your role, the role of others, and the skill sets involved.

ELEMENTS ODF WEB DESIGN:

LAYOUT: The layout is the arrangement of the websites header, navigation menu, footer, content and graphics. The layout depends on the website’s purpose and how a web designer wants the user to interact with the website. For example a photography website would prioritize big beautiful images, while an editorial site would prioritize text and letter spacing.

VISUAL HIERARCHY: A user should be able to access the information they need by glancing at a website. This is where visual hierarchy comes in. Visual hierarchy is the process of determining which aesthetic aspects of the website should stand out using size, color, spacing and more.

COLOR: Color gives a website personality, makes it stand out, and shows the user how to take action. The color palate might be determines by a brand’s existing identity. A consistent color palate helps give order to a website.

ACCESIBILITY: Who can or cannot use a website is dependent on the website accessibility. Making accessibility a priority ensures that all users are able to access and use a website and its functions equally.

GRAPHICS: Graphics are the logos, icons, and images that live on the website. They should compliment the color palate and layout and content.

SPEED: A user’s first impression relies on how long it takes for a website to load. If it takes too long chances are the user won’t stick around.

NAVIGATION: Navigation helps a user get from point A to point B using navigation tools like sight, architecture, menus, and search bars. Simple effective navigation helps users find the information they are looking for quick and easily.

Weathering is the breaking, disintegration and decomposition of materials of the earth’s crust by their exposure to atmosphere.

There are three types of weathering
✓Physical weathering
✓Chemical weathering
✓Biological weathering

Physical weathering

It is the breakdown of rocks without changing their chemical composition, through the action of physical forces. The constant freezing and thawing of rocks during the night and day leads to the expansion and contraction of rocks. Cracks are formed and disintegration occurs eventually. Exfoliation, block disintegration, granular disintegration are the major types of physical weathering.

Exfoliation

The alternate heating and cooling on rounded rock surfaces leads to the peeling of rocks, layer by layer like an onion. This is called exfoliation. Sheeting and shattering are the other forms of exfoliation.

Granular Disintegration

Granular disintegration takes place in crystalline rocks where the grains of the rocks become loose and fall out. This is due to the action of temperature.

Block Disintegration

Repeated expansion and contraction of rocks during day and night respectively causes stress on the joints of the rocks which results in block disintegration.

Chemical Weathering

Disintegration and decomposition of rocks due to chemical reactions is called Chemical Weathering. This is predominantly high in the hot and humid regions such as the equatorial, tropical and sub tropical zones. Chemical weathering takes place through the processes of oxidation, carbonation, solution and hydration. The agents of Chemical weathering are Oxygen, Carbon-dioxide, Hydrogen and water.

Oxidation

Oxygen in the atmosphere reacts with the iron found in rocks, thus leads to the formation of iron oxide. This process similar to the rusting of iron, pressure of air and water is known as oxidation, which results in the weakening of rocks.

Carbonation

Carbonation is the mixing of water with the atmospheric Carbon-dioxide, forming carbonic acid. Carbonation is important in the formation of caves, in limestone region. When the carbonic acid reacts with the carbonate rocks , the rocks get disintegrated.

Solution

The dissolution of rock substances in water result in the loosening of the rock particles. This inturn breaks down the rocks.

Hydration

Absorption of water into the mineral structure, certain chemicals in the rock enlarge in size in humid conditions. These minerals found in the rock swell and this results in the development of cracks and the rock wears down. This type of weathering is called hydration.

Biological Weathering

Biological weathering occurs due to the penetration and expansion of plant roots, earthworms, burrowing animals (rabbits, rats) and some human activities.

Agriculture is the practice of cultivating plants and livestock. Agriculture was the key development in the rise of sedentary human civilization, whereby farming of domesticated species created food surpluses that enabled people to live in cities. The history of agriculture began thousands of years ago. After gathering wild grains beginning atleast 105,000 years ago, nascent farmers began to plant them around 11,500 years ago. Pigs,sheep, and cattle were domesticated over 10,000 years ago.

• 

Modern acronomy, plant breeding,agrochemicals such as pesticides and fertilizers,and technological developments have sharply increased crop yields, while causing widespread ecological and environmental damage. Environmental issues include contributions to global warming, depletion of aquifers, deforestation, antibiotic resistance, and growth hormones in industrial meat production.

10 reasons why agriculture is important

* It’s the main source of raw materials

* It’s important to international trade

* It plays a big role in a nation’s revenue

* It provides employment

* It’s crucial to a country’s development

* It can help heal the environment

* It goes hand-in-hand with war

* It’s the source of our food supply

* It drives innovation in Technology

* The state of agriculture reflects our future

Agriculture provides most of the world’s food and fabrics. Cotton,wool,and leather are all agricultural products. Agriculture also provides wood for construction and paper products. These products, as well as the agricultural methods used, may vary from one part of the world to another.

Over the last fifty years tourism has grown to be one of the major industries in the world. playing an important role in the economies of many countries. it has also become a social phenomenon as a result of people’s increased leisure time, raising disposable income and the development of more has led to the point where marketing has become a complex and crucial tool in the competitive global marketplace of tourist destinations. when tourism is well planned it can generate benefits at the destination by increasing tourist receipts, government revenue and employment. for more sucessful tourism development, it is crucial to attract tourist s and to recommend the destination for others to revisit. recent tourism marketing researches focus mainly on competitiveness, attractiveness, tourist locality to a destination tourist satisfaction and perceived service quality, and destination image. the customer is the heart of effective service marketing. therefore, there is a need for consumer behaviour research within tourism. challenged to find ways to retain current visitors and attract new ones, marketers must understand tourist behaviour and decision making. according to Ryan and Williams and Buswell, tourist behaviour can be divided into four stages, including previsit, onsite, postvisit, and future decision making. in this study tourist behaviour can be regarded as an aggregrate construct comprising previsit determinants for destination choice on site experience, post visit evaluation and future behavioural intentions. combined these factors help to understand comprehensive destination visitor behaviour. identifying motivations of visitors and increasing the service quality of destinations are viable ways for destinations to remain competitive. in turn these could lead to better understanding of the needs of different destination consumer segments, more careful shaping and launching of new services, pruning of weak services, more effective methods of delivering services, more flexible pricing approaches, and higher levels of client satisfaction. in the past two decades the vacation decision making has become an important issue in tourism research but the emperical applications of the various proposed theories are still scarce.

scholars from variety of social science disciplines focus on how individuals go about making decisions. the utility of this work is evident in the field of marketing in which a substantial body of decision making literature builds from since the 1950’s. a systematic and in depth understanding of buying process in the main goal of pioneering models of consumer behaviour. in order to secure or expand egypt tourism market share, tourism marketers in egypt should pay close attention to travelers behaviour and their perceptions of Egypt as a tourism destination. Therefore in order to understand comprehensively customer behaviour in tourism, various models have been developed to describe and generalize consumer behaviour patterns. The models attempt to show the important role of different elements affecting the decision making process. How people consume travel and tourism products has become a focus of much tourism research. Understanding travel behaviour is imperative in today’s highly competitive business environment. Recently in the field of marketing and consumer research there has been a growing interest in studying market place phenomena from new cultural and postmodern perspective. Alternative approaches to theorizing and empirical research have been proposed and discussed in an attempt to improve both the social and practical patients of academic research. The gradual institutionalization of the interpretive and thus also the culture making and consumer research project that has come to be known as a consumer behaviour. To understand why consumers buy certain products instead of others, marketers study consumer behaviour the way in which external and internal forces shape people exchange activities. The study of consumer behaviour comprises external forces such as family and culture. Internal forces such as attitude and behaviour in the form of participation in exchange activities. If marketers understand why consumer behave in the way that they do, why they make the decisions in the way that they do and why they buy the products and the brands and the brands that they do, then marketers will need to look deeply into the whole manner of decision making. This will include such things as attitude, perception, motivation, and so on. This research aims to examine theoretical and empirical evidence on the casual relationships among tourist motivations, tourist perceptions, tourist satisfaction and destination loyalty.