The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is a global organization that promotes financial stability, economic growth and international trade. It also aims to reduce poverty around the world. The IMF describes its mission as “to foster global monetary cooperation, secure financial stability, facilitate international trade, promote high employment and sustainable economic growth, and reduce poverty around the world.”

The IMF was originally founded in 1945 to support expansion of trade and economic growth, discouraging policies that hampered international relations and promoting international monetary cooperation. From the 1970s the IMF has promoted floating exchange rates, meaning that market forces determine the currency value relative to one another. It is based in Washington, D.C and started with just 40 member countries. Today, it has 189 member countries. Each of the member countries have a representation proportional to its financial power on the IMF’s executive board. Quotas of member countries are a key determinant of the voting power in IMF decisions. They are based on something called special drawing right (SDR). SDRs are an international type of monetary reserve currency created by the IMF as a supplement to the existing money reserves of member countries. Votes comprise one vote per 100,000 special drawing right (SDR) of quota plus basic votes.

The IMF carries out 3 main operations to attain their goals. These are:

Surveillance- Large amounts of data are collected on a country’s international trade, state of global economy and provides regular economic forecasts. They also advise on how the current fiscal, monetary and trade polices will affect the country’s financial stability and its foreign relations.

Lending- The IMF often gives out loans to countries that are in serious debt or in some other economic predicament. This is so that they don’t fall into a financial crisis. Member countries pool in funds to form the loan. In 2019, the total loan amount the IMF had was $11.4 billion. However, these loans are not unsecured. It is almost always conditional on the country making some serious financial reforms to increase their potential for growth.

Capacity development- Member countries are given training, advice on policy decisions through capacity development programs. These programs include training in data collection and its analysis, which feed into the IMF’s role of monitoring national and global economies.

The IMF is accountable to its member country governments. At the top of the organization structure is the Board of Governors, consisting of one governor and one alternate governor from each member country, usually the top officials from the central bank or finance ministry. The Board of Governors meets once a year at the World Bank Annual Meetings. The executive board has 24 members and they oversee the day to day operations. The total staff in the IMF amounts to over 2,700 and they come from more than 150 different countries.

By the time you have about 100 jumps you have probably decided what it is about skydiving that attracts you. This may change over the years (being able to follow new interests is one of the things that keeps people in skydiving) but for some jumpers the idea that you can work to gain different qualifications that may let you work as a professional skydiver/rigger is a real attraction.

Many jumpers start by earning qualifications that will let you pack a student’s parachute (Packer “B”), or even reserve parachutes (Packer “A”), or fly with a camera/video to record student’s jumps.

You can start a long career as a parachute instructor or tandem master by building up the qualifications you need and learning the depth of sport knowledge necessary. Remember, all those jumpers you see running around every week organising everything did a first jump once. Everybody started as a student.

If this attracts you, start by talking to the jumpers doing it at your DZ – you will find a lot of support. Talk to instructors and your Chief Instructor, these are the people who can help you most. They will probably warn you that it is a lot of work, but it is worth it.

Study as much available information as you can.

GET YOUR LICENSE .

Skydivers must first earn their A license. The minimum jump requirement to achieving a skydiving license is 25 jumps. This can be via either a TDS (tandem direct supervision) or an AFF (accelerated free fall course).

Skydiving certification courses involve a day of ground school. You then progress through a series of instructed jumps, known as levels, skydiving solo but accompanied by an instructor in free fall.

After your levels, you continue skydiving solo to accumulate 25 jumps for your A licence. During these jumps, you prove a range of skydiving safety skills to complete you A licence proficiency card. An instructor or coach teaches you these skills.

• 1 Skydive: Get Your Skydiving License. …
• 25 Skydives: You’ve Got Your Skydiving License, Build Your Skills. …
• 100 Skydives: Get Your Coach Rating. …
• 200 Skydives: Become a Skydiving Photographer. …
• 500 Skydives: Get Your AFF Instructor Rating. …
• 500 Skydives: Get Your Tandem Instructor Rating.

Fresh water management

On a human time scale,the amount of water on the earth is fixed,for all practical purposes.There is little we can do to make more water.However,there are several ways to increase local supplies.

⭐ Seeding clouds

Seeding clouds with dry ice or Potassium iodide particles sometimes can initiate rain,if water laden clouds and conditions that favour precipitation are present.

⭐ Desalination

Desalination of ocean water is a technology that have a great potential for increasing fresh water.The common methods of desalination are distillation or reverse osmosis.Although desalination is still three or four times more expensive than most other sources of fresh water,it provides a welcome water supply in such places like Dubai,Oman and Bahrain where there is no other access to fresh water.

⭐Dams, reservoirs,canals and aqueducts

It is common to trap run off with dams and storage reservoirs and transfer water from areas of excess to areas of deficit using canals,tunnels and underground pipes.

⭐Watershed management

A series of small dams or tributary streams can hold back water before it comes a great flood.Ponds formed by these dams provide useful wildlife habitat and stock watering facilities.Small dams can be built with simple equipment and local labour, eliminating the need for massive construction projects and huge dams.

⭐Rain water harvesting

The activity of collecting rainwater directly or recharging it into ground to improve ground water storage in the aquifer is called rain water harvesting.By rainwater harvesting the ground water can be conserved,water table depletion can be reduced and also sea water intrusion in coastal areas can be arrested.To recharge the groundwater, rainwater that falls in the terrace of the buildings and in the open space around the buildings may be harvested.Roof top rain water can be diverted to the existing open/bore well.Rainwater available in the open spaces around the building may be recharged into the ground.

⭐ Better agricultural practices

Sound farming and foresting practices can reduce runoff.Retaining crop residues on fields reduces flooding.Minimizing ploughing and forest cutting on steep slopes protects watersheds.Wetlands conservation preserves natural water storage capacity and aquifer recharge zones.

⭐ Domestic conservation

We could save as much as half of the water we now use for domestic purposes without great sacrifice or serious changes in our lifestyles.The use of washing machines,dish washers and low volume shower heads can reduce water loss.

⭐ Industrial conservation

Nearly half of all industrial water use is for cooking of electric power plants and other industrial facilities.By installing dry cooling systems,this could be avoided.Cooling water can be recharged,some industrial wastewater may be treated,recycled and reused.

⭐ Individuals role to save water

⚫ Take shorter showers

⚫Don’t wash car and two wheelers often

⚫Don’t allow tap run unnecessarily while washing hands,dishes,food or brushing your teeth

⚫In your lawn consider planting native plants,a rock garden or some xerophytic landscaping

⚫Use water conserving appliances:low-flow showers and low- flush toilets

⚫Use recycled water for lawns,house plants and car washing

⚫Check taps for leaks

The Victoria Memorial is a large marble building in Kolkata, which was built between 1906 and 1921. It is dedicated to the memory of Empress Victoria, and is now a museum under the auspices of the Ministry of Culture. The memorial lies on the Maidan and is one of the famous monuments of Kolkata .The Victoria Memorial’s architect was William Emerson (1843–1924).The design is in the Indo-Saracenic revivalist style which uses a mixture of British and Mughal elements with Venetian, Egyptian, Deccani architectural influences .The building is 338 by 228 feet (103 by 69 m) and rises to a height of 184 feet (56 m). It is constructed of white Makrana marble.

he gardens of the Victoria Memorial were designed by Lord Redesdale and David Prain. Emerson’s assistant, Vincent Jerome Esch, designed the bridge of the north aspect and the garden gates. In 1902, Emerson engaged Esch to sketch his original design for the Victoria Memorial. Angel of Kolkata atop Victoria Memorial

Atop the central dome of the Victoria Memorial is the 16 ft (4.9 m) figure of the Angel of Victory. Surrounding the dome are allegorical sculptures including Art, Architecture, Justice, and Charity and above the North Porch are Motherhood, Prudence and Learning.

The Victoria Memorial is built of white Makrana marble. In design it echoes the Taj Mahal with its dome, four subsidiaries, octagonal-domed chattris, high portals, terrace, and domed corner towers.

Belur Math

The design of the temple was envisaged by Swami Vivekananda, and the responsibility of the architecture was laid in his hands. The architecture and design of the temple ‘celebrate the diversity of Indian Religions’. When seen from different angles, the monument resembles a temple, a church and a mosque. The incorporation of architectural styles from different religions conveys the universal faith in which the movement believes in.

The main entrance of the temple is heavily influenced by the Buddhist styles of the Sanchi Stupa and the entry of the Ajanta Caves. The windows and the balconies draw from the Rajput and Mughal styles of architectural designs, while the central dome is derived from European architecture. Also, the ground plan is in the shape of a Christian cross. Mainly built out of chunar stone, the 112.5 feet high temple has images of Lord Ganesha and Hanuman, who represent success and power respectively, carved above the pillars of the entrance doors.

Fort William

The Fort is built of brick and mortar in the shape of an irregular octagon with an area of 5 km² (1.9 sq mi). Five of its sides face landward, and three towards the Hooghly River. The design is that of a star fort, suited to defence against cannon firing solid shot, and dates from before the advent of explosive shells. A dry moat 9 metres (30 ft) deep and 15 m (49 ft) broad surrounds the fort. The moat can be flooded but is designed as an area in which to use enfilade (or flanking) fire against any attackers reaching the walls. There are six gates: Chowringhee, Plassey, Calcutta, Water Gate, St Georges and the Treasury Gate. There are similar forts at places like Thalassery in Kerala.

Dakshineswar Kali Temple

Built in the navaratna or nine spires style of Bengal architecture, the three-storeyed south-facing temple has nine spires distributed in the upper two storeys, and stands on a high platform with a flight of stairs, overall it measures 46 feet (14 m) square and rises over 100 feet (30 m) high.

The garbha griha (sanctum sanctorum) houses an idol of goddess Kali, known as Bhavatarini, standing on the chest of a supine Shiva, and the two idols are placed on a thousand-petaled lotus throne made of silver.

Close to the main temple are the row of twelve identical Shiva temples built facing the east in the typical aat-chala Bengal architecture, they are built on either side of the ghat on the Hooghly river. To the North east of the Temple Complex is the Vishnu Temple or the Radha Kanta Temple. A flight of steps lead to the columned verandah and into the temple where a silver throne rests with a 21+¹⁄₂-inch (550 mm) idol of Lord Krishna and a 16-inch (410 mm) idol of Radha.

Motherhood : The stage where you start experiencing heaven on earth and I have started my journey to heaven ,”today”.

you are the first person on this earth whom I have started loving even without knowing whether you are girl or boy,dark or white, chubby or thin ,tall or short, no matter how you are, there is only one prettiest baby in this world and that’s mine.

I have experienced many relationships right from my birth like cute little daughter to my parents,the naughtiest sister for my brother,the most caring grand daughter to my grandparents and wonderful better half to my hubby but I have started experiencing something new called motherhood. It is you who made me experience this and I’m loving it.

you are my sun who raised to show me that life is not dark as I thought instead made me realize ,it is bright and beautiful. There is no bigger gift than growing a life inside me and it is you who presented that gift to me .”your life is growing inside me”.

People around me started taking care of me like a baby. They insist me on eating my food and waking me up early morning . They started saving the comfiest chair for me which makes me feel like a Queen.

Procrastination is that the habit of avoiding urgent tasks despite negative consequences. When people procrastinate, they often delay priorities and instead specialise in smaller , more enjoyable, simpler tasks instead.

Contrary to popular belief, procrastination is quite just laziness or poor time management. When it involves procrastination, telling someone to “just do it” doesn’t work. it might be like telling someone with depressive disorder to “cheer up.”
Although everyone can occasionally procrastinate, chronic procrastination may be a different problem. And consistent with research, as many as 20% of usa citizens could also be chronic procrastinators.

Some of the foremost common reasons for what causes procrastination include:

Perfectionism
Avoidance
Low self-esteem
Depression
Trouble focusing
ADHD
Waiting until the eleventh hour
Task aversion
Resisting challenges
Decision fatigue
Difficulty defining goals
A disconnect with the longer term self
Lack of energy
Procrastination prevents you from reaching your full potential—in your relationships, career, and beyond. It impedes teamwork, decreases self-esteem, and even results in depression and job loss. On top of that, people avoid important wellness habits like getting to the doctor or regular exercise.

Procrastination has its own blessings too-

Procrastination causes you to more creative. If you’ve got an enormous , important task before you, it’s natural to procrastinate because it is so daunting. What you would possibly not realize is that even when you are not actively performing on that task, your mind is subconsciously collecting ideas and processing things to organize you for it. meaning that once you actually sit right down to get thereto , you’ve got tons more ideas in your head on the way to set about it.

Procrastination helps you to form better decisions. Sometimes you procrastinate on a choice because you are not entirely sure which is that the right choice for you. Your rational mind and your intuition are saying opposite things, and you cannot quite find out which one to concentrate to—or who’s saying what! That’s when procrastination becomes your savior because you avoid jumping into something which may not be right for you. It buys you time to believe all the choices and their pros and cons. Once the deadline arrives, you’re able to make the choice as you’ve done your research.

Although,It’s a cruel irony that it seems to be the days that we’ve loads to try to to that we procrastinate the foremost . Often, this happens because we become so overwhelmed about having 10 bazillion things to try to to that we don’t know where to start out . So, we find yourself doing…well, nothing in the least . Most of the time, overwhelm happens because we’ve an overflowing to-do list, but no plan or structure around how we’re getting to actually tackle those tasks. Or, we’ve one mega task that feels so huge and unattainable that we quite just want to pretend it doesn’t exist.