Category: News

Comprehensive, up-to-date news coverage, aggregated from sources all over the world by EduindexNews.

Five COMMON things that ruin Friendship!!

Introduction:

You won’t deny that Friendship is a boon to every one of us, but losing up a friendship can be the worst thing that happens to us. No one loves the heartbreak of losing someone who was like family but still ends up losing them. There can be many things that spoil Friendship but below are five common factors discussed in short.

1.The jealousy factor:

Feeling jealous is a natural thing. But if you are a true friend, then getting jealous of your friend’s success can easily ruin the bonding. Being a true friend means you should know to celebrate your friend’s success.

2.Lack of transparency:

Of course, you talk for hours but are you guys transparent and honest enough to tell each other where you are wrong? Sugar-coating everything in a friendship shows that you are staying with each other for the benefit.

3.The trust issues:

Every relation is composed of trust, and so is Friendship. If you share something confidential with your friends and spill out it in front of someone, then it’s clear that they are not your friends. And once you realize that the relationship ends permanently.

4.Lies :

If your friends lie on everything to hide situations and show their good side, you won’t keep up the Friendship. And nobody wants a friend who lies on everything.

5.Spending too much time on each other:

Yes, this sounds a little unusual, but this too can be an important reason. Spending all your spare time with your friends reduces the spark in the bonding. It happens because with passing days you will start feeling suffocated when you won’t give time to your family and other important people in life.

Conclusion.

There are already many obstacles we face daily, and we can have hundreds of reasons to end a relationship, but finding just one reason to stay together is always a good idea. We can’t make friends too often because we all know that it takes months and years to find our true gems. If things are scattering, find ways to tackle them rather than easily let go of those special people.

Wireless Energy Transfer-Tesla’s Dream

WPT- Wireless Power Transmission
Wireless Power Transfer holds the promise of freeing us from the tyranny of power cords. This technology is being incorporated into all kinds of devices and systems.

Wireless Power Transfer holds the promise of freeing us from the tyranny of power cords. This technology is being incorporated into all kinds of devices and systems. Let’s take a look!
The Wired Way
The majority of today’s residences and commercial buildings are powered by alternating current (AC) from the power grid. Electrical stations generate AC electricity that is delivered to homes and businesses via high-voltage transmission lines and step-down transformers.
Electricity enters at the breaker box, and then electrical wiring delivers current to the AC equipment and devices that we use every day—lights, kitchen appliances, chargers, and so forth.
All components are standardized and in agreement with the electrical code. Any device rated for standard current and voltage will work in any of the millions of outlets throughout the country. While standards differ between countries and continents, within a given electrical system, any appropriately rated device will work.
Here a cord, there a cord. . . . Most of our electrical devices have AC power cords.
 

 
Wireless Power Technology
Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) makes it possible to supply power through an air gap, without the need for current-carrying wires. WPT can provide power from an AC source to compatible batteries or devices without physical connectors or wires. WPT can recharge mobile phones and tablets, drones, cars, even transportation equipment. It may even be possible to wirelessly transmit power gathered by solar-panel arrays in space.
WPT has been an exciting development in consumer electronics, replacing wired chargers. The 2017 Consumer Electronics Show will have many devices offering WPT.
The concept of transferring power without wires, however, has been around since the late 1890s. Nikola Tesla was able to light electric bulbs wirelessly at his Colorado Springs Lab using electrodynamic induction (aka resonant inductive coupling).
 

An image from Tesla’s patent for an “apparatus for transmitting electrical energy,” 1907.
 
Three light bulbs placed 60 feet (18m) from the power source were lit, and the demonstration was documented. Tesla had big plans and hoped that his Long Island-based Wardenclyffe Tower would transmit electrical energy wirelessly across the Atlantic Ocean. That never happened owing to various difficulties, including funding and timing.
WPT uses fields created by charged particles to carry energy between transmitters and receivers over an air gap. The air gap is bridged by converting the energy into a form that can travel through the air. The energy is converted to an oscillating field, transmitted over the air, and then converted into usable electrical current by a receiver. Depending on the power and distance, energy can be effectively transferred via an electric field, a magnetic field, or electromagnetic (EM) waves such as radio waves, microwaves, or even light.

 
Qi Charging, an Open Standard for Wireless Charging
While some of the companies promising WPT are still working to deliver products, Qi (pronounced “chee”) charging is standardized, and devices are currently available. The Wireless Power Consortium (WPC), established in 2008, developed the Qi standard for battery charging. The standard supports both inductive and resonant charging technologies.
Inductive charging has the energy passing between a transmitter and receiver coil at close range. Inductive systems require the coils to be in close proximity and in alignment with each other; usually the devices are in direct contact with the charging pad. Resonant charging does not require careful alignment, and chargers can detect and charge a device at distances up to 45mm; thus, resonant chargers can be embedded in furniture or mounted in shelving.
 

The Qi logo displayed on the Qimini wireless charging plate. Image courtesy of Tektos.
 
The presence of a Qi logo means the device is registered and certified by the Wireless Power Consortium.
When first introduced, Qi charging was low power, about 5W. The first smartphones using Qi charging were introduced in 2011. In 2015, Qi was expanded to include 15W, which allows for quick charging.
Only devices listed in the Qi Registration Database are guaranteed to provide Qi compatibility. There are currently over 700 products listed. It is important to recognize that products with the Qi logo have been tested and certified; the magnetic fields they use will not cause problems for sensitive devices such as mobile phones or electronic passports. Registered devices are guaranteed to work with all registered chargers.  
For more information on Qi wireless charging, check out this article, and for an introduction to and technical evaluation of Qi-compatible transmitter/receiver WPT evaluation boards, click here and here.
 
The Physics of WPT
WPT for consumer devices is an emerging technology, but the underlying principles and components are not new. Maxwell’s Equations still rule wherever electricity and magnetism are involved, and transmitters send energy to receivers just as in other forms of wireless communication. WPT is different, though, in that the primary goal is transferring the energy itself, rather than information encoded in the energy.
 
 
    
WPT transmitter/receiver block diagram.
The electromagnetic fields involved in WPT can be quite strong, and human safety has to be taken into account. Exposure to electromagnetic radiation can be a concern, and there is also the possibility that the fields generated by WPT transmitters could interfere with wearable or implanted medical devices.
The transmitters and receivers are embedded within WPT devices, as are the batteries to be charged. The actual conversion circuitry will depend on the technology used. In addition to the actual transfer of energy, the WPT system must allow the transmitter and receiver to communicate. This ensures that a receiver can notify the charging device when a battery is fully charged. Communication also allows a transmitter to detect and identify a receiver, to adjust the amount of power transmitted to the load, and to monitor conditions such as battery temperature.
The concept of near-field vs. far-field radiation is relevant to WPT. Transmission techniques, the amount of power that can be transferred, and proximity requirements are influenced by whether the system is utilizing near-field or far-field radiation.
Locations for which the distance from the antenna is much less than one wavelength are in the near field. The energy in the near field is nonradiative, and the oscillating magnetic and electric fields are independent of each other. Capacitive (electric) and inductive (magnetic) coupling can be used to transfer power to a receiver located in the transmitter’s near field.
Locations for which the distance from the antenna is greater than approximately two wavelengths are in the far field. (A transition region exists between the near field and far field.) Energy in the far field is in the form of typical electromagnetic radiation. Far-field power transfer is also referred to as power beaming. Examples of far-field transfer are systems that use high-power lasers or microwave radiation to transfer energy over long distances.
 
Where WPT Works
All WPT technologies are currently under active research, much of it focused on maximizing power transfer efficiency (PDF) and investigating techniques for magnetic resonant coupling (PDF). In addition to the idea of walking into a room equipped for WPT and having your devices charge automatically, much more ambitious projects are in place.
Across the globe, electric buses are becoming the norm; London’s iconic double-decker buses are planning for wireless charging, as are bus systems in South Korea, Utah, and Germany.
Using WiTricity, invented by MIT scientists, electric cars can be charged wirelessly, and those cars can wirelessly charge your mobiles! (Using Qi charging, of course!) This wireless technology is convenient, to be sure, but it may also charge cars faster than plug-in charging can.
 

Graphic of a wireless parking charge setup built into a parking space. Image courtesy of Toyota.
 
An experimental system for wirelessly powering drones has already been demonstrated. And as mentioned above, ongoing research and development is focused on the prospect of supplying some of Earth’s energy needs using WPT in conjunction with space-based solar panels.
WPT works everywhere!
 
Conclusion
While Tesla’s dream of having power delivered wirelessly for everyone’s use is still far from feasible, many devices and systems are using some form of wireless power transfer right now. From toothbrushes to mobile phones, from cars to public transportation, there are many applications for wireless power transfer.

Lockdown:- Boon or a bane


We all are well aware of massive widespread of Covid 19 infection. Keeping that in mind, experts suggested for a complete lockdown again. Also, American Government’s head Health Advisor Dr.Antony Fauci suggested for complete lockdown and rejuvenate health services during that period. Now, Supreme Court also propounded the idea to Central Government, considering the vulnerable conditions of weaker sections of the society. Labours, daily wage workers, sections below poverty line should be given adequate facilities first.

Lockdown is an efficient way to control this pandemic, but our experience from last year’s lockdown was horrible, that’s why government is hesitating to impose complete lockdown again. As we all know that last year many poor people faced problems like lack of food and money, many labours and daily wage workers were migrating from cities to their hometown and many poors died of starvation or lack of access to health services. Our nation’s economy also faced huge fall of GDP. Our country were unstable because of lockdown. Many labours were stucked in cities that increased the number of corona positive patients. After first unlock, these workers rushed to their villages that resulted in huge blast of corona in rural areas that made situation more vulnerable. Many states have imposed lockdown in various ways but of no use. People are not taking it seriously like before. It would be better if state government impose short term lockdown after checking out the condition of the natives.

Supreme court has decided to provide proper facilities to poors before imposing lockdown. If central government take initiative to do so from now, there will be less problems and we’ll overcome this pandemic together. 

A ray of hope for same sex couples

The division bench of Delhi High court consisting of Cheif justice DN Patel and Justice Jyoti singh issued notice on recognising same sex marriages,marriages of queer people under Foreign Marriage act,1969 and Special Marriage act,1954.

The notice was issued to Ministry of Home Affairs, Consulate General of India, New york, Ministry of External affairs and posted the matter on 27th august.

Facts of the case, i.e “Joydeep Sengupta and others VS Ministry of home affairs”

A plea was filed by a same sex couple, Mr. Joydeep Sengupta and Mr. Russell Blaine Stephens in the Delhi High court to make the special marriage act, 1954 and the foreign marriage act,1969 applicable to all couples seeking to get married regardless of their gender and sexual orientation.

Mr. Joydeep Sengupta is an Oversees Citizen of India[OCI] and Mr. Russell Blaine Stephens is an U.S citizen. Mr. Sungupta is an Canadian citizen now and since 2011. The couple got married legally in New york on 6th august 2012, and are recognised legally as a couple in France, Canada, US.

The couple said that they were preparing to be parents and expecting their first child in july 2021. The petition sought a direction from the court refraining the Consulate General of India, New York from declaring the spouse of an OCI [Mr. Stephens] ineligible for becoming an OCI on the mere grounds of their sexual orientation.

Past actions of the centre

The centre in many instances had showed its opposition in recognising same sex marriages legal by making changes to existing marriage laws. It said that making changes would create a havoc in balance of personal laws of the country.

The Centre argued that the idea of same sex marriages was different from the idea of an ideal Indian family consisting of a man, woman, and children. It said “Living together as partners and having sexual relationship by same-sex individuals is not comparable with the Indian family unit concept of a husband, a wife and children which necessarily presuppose a biological man as a ‘husband’, a biological woman as a ‘wife’ and the children born out of the union between the two”.

The Centre said that the declaration of decriminalising homosexuality and striking down section 377 of the IPC by the Supreme Court had made only a limited declaration to decriminalise human behaviour which was illegal under section 377, and that declaration could not be used to argue to legalise same sex marriages.

Case proceedings

The case was listed on 27th august with similar please. This is the 4th plea which was filed to legalise same sex marriages.

LGBT rights In India

The Indian society has always considered and still consider homosexuality or non hetrosexuality as unnatural.

In 2018, the landmark decision of “Navtej singh Johar VS Union of India”, the Supreme Court of India decriminalised consensual homosexual intercourse by striking down section 377 of the IPC.

Despite the landmark judgement, homophobia is present in abundance in the Indian population. The judgement just just changed the legal status of homosexuality, but what needs to change is the idealogy of the society.

Spreading awareness

The only way to change and repeal idealogies is to spread awareness. Every year, in JUNE, pride month is celebrated to see how far the LGBT community has come. During this period, many pride events are held to recognize the impact LGBT people have had on the world

TIME DILATION-That makes you age faster

Dark energy explained by relativistic time dilation? – Astronomy Now

Time Dilation

It turns out that as an object moves with relativistic speeds a “strange” thing seems to happen to its time as observed by “us” the stationary observer (observer in an inertial reference frame). What we see happen is that the “clock” in motion slows down according to our clock, therefore we read two different times. Which time is correct??? well they both are because time is not absolute but is relative, it depends on the reference frame. Let’s look at the following classic example. There is a set of twins, one an astronaut, the other works for mission control of NASA. The astronaut leaves on a deep space trip traveling at 95% the speed of light. Upon returning the astronauts clock has measured ten years, so yhe astronaut has aged 10 years. However, when the astronaut reunites with his earth bound twin, the astronauthe sees that the twin has aged 32 years! This is explained due to the fact that the astronaut’s twin is traveling at relativistic speeds and therefore his “clock” is slowed down.

Let’s see how we can calculate the time “difference”. The equation for calculating time dilation is as follows:

t = t0/(1-v2/c2)1/2

where: t = time observed in the other reference frame

t0 = time in observers own frame of reference (rest time)

v = the speed of the moving object

c = the speed of light in a vacuum

so in our problem we will let v = .95c, t0 = 10 years and we will solve for t which is the time that the earth bound brother measures.

t = 10/(1- (.95c)2/c2)1/2

t = 10/(1- .952)1/2

t = 10/ .312

t = 32 years
(the time the earth bound brother measures)

Now let’s have a closer look at the equation and determine just what impact the speed of the object has on time dilation. We can see that is the velocity is small compared to the speed of light the quantity v2/c2 approaches 0 and the equation simplifies t0: t = t0/1 which is simply t. So at relatively slow speeds (our everyday speeds) time dilation is not a factor and Newton’s Laws are still applicable. Now let’s look at high speeds (close to the speed of light), from the equation that as velocity increases the quantity v2/c2 approaches 1 (but will never quit reach it), causing the quantity(1-v2/c2)1/2 t0 become smaller and smaller….therefore causing the time measured by the other observer t0 become greater thus making our time appear slower (refer back to the example). I know its so confusing!!! read it again, think about it, then study the graph below. As one can see in the graph time dilation starts t0 “show up” between .4c and .5c. Also notice that the closer one gets to the speed of light the greater impact speed has on time dilation (notice how steep the curve gets towards the end)..

Key points of the New Education Policy 2020

Indian Education System was always been on debate , whether it is good or bad .People always talk about it being full of flaws with nothing good but a ritual being carried on from past forcing us to follow the static rules of system which didn’t let us to think out of the box . All we end up doing is studying the same content , the same syllabus , in the same pattern (theoretical one) that was studies by our elders . The focus is mainly on the marks not on any other traits, our abilities were mostly being judged on the basis of percentage we got as a result we end up being running to stood first on the crazy race of marks and forgetting everything after the exams , which completely does not make any sense .

Some things seems to bring about a full is stop on this static system “The NEW EDUCATION POLICY ” which came in as an hope in 2020 for bringing about a major change in the pattern .Almost everybody knows about is by now , the policy says alot about changing the education system completely and making a new one leading to changing the entire system of education of the country. The policy has a very educational friendly approach as it mainly focuses on providing the standard education , which will include all the other aspects of it other than just being the theoretical learning. Every body have their own views regarding it , many had criticized it even which may or may not be the right thing to do ,as the policy is on paper not in existence its implication seems to take alot of time itself. So let just analyze few key points of it before making an opinion .

Starting with the changes it says , to be making at school level .The important swap is made by converting “10 +2” to “5+3+3+4” which is a great step , the concept is mainly to build the strong base from the very beigining i.e at the age of 3 , though even before the change this system is followed in may cities but was not mandatory .The other important addition that is made is “learning coding from 6th standard”, which many of us are still afraid to learn , seeing the requirement of coding in the digital world the government had taken this step . Along with coding the internship kind of vocational training program has also been introduced which which help the student in critical thinking leading to creative mindset. Moving on to the third significant point “the choices of subjects ” the pattern of dividing the students in three streams has demolished by the new one in which the students will be free to choose the subjects as per their interest that means the students will no longer be left with confusion after completing their school as the freedom to choose the subjects will help them to find their interest on and make better decision .

Shifting to the Higher education , the significant point is the introduction of the MEME (Multiple entry Multiple exist ) system that will now definitely lead to the completion of higher education of all the students who finds it difficult to do it on continuation , as this system will give them the freedom to do the completion with gaps in between and also there will be an increment of one year in the three year bachelor program which will be optional , that means if you want to add this year you may otherwise their will be no pressure , the fresh year will be of the research which is an amazing point .The other point is the introduction of “Academic Bank of Credit system” under which all the credits earned by the students in the higher education will be stored on to basis of which Degrees will be awarded.

Along with these points few prime points are , all the bodies of education will now comes under one umbrella , that means now their will be only decision making body of higher education the “HEC (Higher Education Commission)”. Virtual labs will be builds so that the practical knowledge will be given to all the students .Report cards will also includes the marks of participation in extracurricular activities and marks of creativity apart from the subjects marks . Most important the investment in education has increases from 1.6% of GDP to 6%.

These are the few major points of the New Education Policy 2020, all the points seems so prime and will be so effective if will get follow up in the same way it was mention . Education do play a major role in the development of the country if all the changes will be made effectively than surely this will lead to the development of the country . Do comment down below what suggestion you have for the new policy and which beneficial change excites you the most .

India’s Poverty Challenge

The virus struck India at a time when the country was experiencing its worst economic development in over a decade. The weakening economy had adversely harmed rural areas, which house the bulk of the country’s citizens.

Even in the lack of official data, one might detect an increase in rural poverty. High unemployment, consumption expenditure was continually decreasing, and public development investment was stagnating. These three variables, taken combined, determine an economy’s health.

For more than a year, rural Indians — mainly an informal workforce and impoverished by any recognised measure — have been living with sporadic work. Anecdotal reports of risky survival are coming in. People are cutting back on food purchases; many have ceased eating staples such as lentils as food prices have risen.

The Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme is no longer sufficient to hold employment expectations. Most people are depleting their small savings. Mostly with the pandemic’s second wave wreaking havoc, it’s a desperate scenario. One may say that the economy for the poorest and the moderately well-off has come to an end.

A pre-Covid economic downturn, coupled with the pandemic’s economic shock, is believed to have reversed any poverty-reduction advances, resulting in a significant increase in poverty.

Using World Bank statistics, Pew Research Center projected that the number of poor in India (those with an earnings of $2 a day or below in purchasing power parity) has increased to 134 million from 60 million within only a year as a result of the pandemic-induced recession. It means that, after 45 years, India has once again become  a “country of widespread poverty.”

Since 2011, India has not counted the impoverished. However, the United Nations projected that 364 million people were impoverished in the nation in 2019, accounting for 28% of the population. This does not include the projected new impoverished as a result of the outbreak. According to estimates, millions of people in major cities have also fallen below the poverty line. According to the Pew Center, the middle class has decreased by one-third. Despite population and geographical divisions, millions of Indians have gotten worse, remained poor, or are on the verge of becoming impoverished.

For a huge population like India, where millions of lives are at stake, the need to create a system that maps the areas and homes that are in desperate need for some help from the government. Public services are seen as the most realistic means of lifting the most vulnerable people from poverty.

To bring about change in anti-poverty initiatives, the government should use scientific methods and analyses. Moreover, there is a need for a long-term plan to combat poverty, which may be accomplished by enabling the most disadvantaged section of society self-sufficient by providing them with some type of skill set.

Local authorities can play a significant role in this issue because they are more familiar with the underlying causes of the crises. Strengthening them via technical and technological support as well as an enhanced monitoring system will help to reduce poverty at the grass roots. It is critical to provide food assistance and enough cash to such families in order to keep them from falling further into impoverishment.

When compared to the time it was at its peak, the number of Covid 19 cases has decreased, but many individuals have been trapped in a vicious circle of exacerbating the situation, economic decline, and unemployment. There is still some hope that along with long-term solutions, we can not only overcome the crisis, but also use it to raise people out of poverty, which is feasible for a nation that has decreased poverty at the highest pace in history.

Game Of Thrones(GOT) season 1 Review

Game Of Thrones is an American television series created for HBO by David Benioff and D.B. Weiss released in 2011. This series is based on a novel ‘A Song of Ice and Fire’, a series of fantasy novels by George R.R. Martin. The show got popularity soon after it is released. This show is shot in UK, Canada, Croatia, Malta, Morocco and Spain. It was released as TV show but now available in online at HBO website. The show is full of fantasy, and best for viewers to imagine and feel the fantasy world.

There are total 10 episodes of approximately 55 minutes. HBO had ordered a television pilot  in November 2008; filming began the following year. However, it was deemed unsatisfactory and later reshot with some roles recast. In March 2010, HBO ordered the first season, which began filming in July 2010, primarily in Belfast, Northern Ireland, with additional filming in Malta.

There are total 10 episodes of approximately 55 minutes. HBO had ordered a television pilot  in November 2008; filming began the following year. However, it was deemed unsatisfactory and later reshot with some roles recast. In March 2010, HBO ordered the first season, which began filming in July 2010, primarily in Belfast, Northern Ireland, with additional filming in Malta.

The story is primarily upon continent Westeros, with one storyline occurring on another continent to the east, Essos. Like the novel, the story focuses on Nobleman Eddard Stark also called Ned, the Warden of North and ruler of Winterfell. He asked to be ‘Hand’ of the King of Seven Kingdoms Robert Baretheon, also he was his best friend. They won many battles together before Robert became King, and only one Robert trusts is Ned. Later on Ned seeks to find the mystery behind the murder of his predecessor Jon Arryn. He also finds out that the son of Robert is not actually his. He uncovers the dark secret of Lannister family, which includes Robert’s queen, Cersei, that his predecessor died trying to expose. Ned fooling tells this to Cersei(Robert’s wife), and this leads to the murder of Robert. But Robert before dying orders a letter to make Ned the king of Seven Kingdoms till his son(Robert’s) come to a proper age. Ned is killed at the order of Cersei’s tyrannical teenage son, King Joffrey Baratheon.

Meanwhile, in Essos, the exiled Viserys Targaryen, son of the former king, forces his sister Daenerys to marry a Dothraki warlord in exchange for an army to pursue his claim to the Iron Throne. The season ends with Viserys dead and Daenerys becoming the Mother of Dragons.

The story is not only this much, I have given a very very brief from all 10 episodes. There is more to find out by seeing this show. Game of Thrones features a large ensemble cast. Critics praised the show’s production values and cast.

The first season won two of the thirteen Emmy Awards for which it was nominated: Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series (Dinklage) and Outstanding Main Title Design. It was also nominated for Outstanding Drama Series. U.S. viewership rose by approximately 33% over the course of the season, from 2.2 million to over 3 million by the finale.

However this show is also criticized for its foul language, nudity, high violence and sexual violence. So this is show is highly recommended for adults and one who can see violence. Here violence is not only killing, but it is like to see a surgeon operation. These have showed organs after being cutted by swords, what a head will look if one cuts into half. So I recommend not to watch if you start screaming just seeing blood as there is lot more than just blood.

But this show is must watch. For its locations, natural beauty, fantasy beauty and more.

Game of Thrones: https://www.hbo.com/game-of-thrones

Various terms associated with measuring of National Income

🌟Gross National Product (GNP) :

🔹 Gross National Product is the total value of goods and services produced and income received in a year by domestic residents of a country.


🔹It includes profits earned from capital invested aboard
GNP = C+I+G+(X-M)+ NFIA

C= Consumption
I= Investment
G= Government Expenditure
X-M = Export – Import
NFIA = Net Factor Income from Abroad.

🌟Gross Domestic Product (GDP) :

Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is the total value of output of goods and services produced by the factors of production within the geographical boundaries of the country.

🌟Net National Product (NNP) :

🔹Net National Product (NNP) is arrived by making some adjustment with regard to depreciation.
🔹NNP = GNP – Depreciation

🌟Net Domestic Product (NDP) :

🔹Net Domestic Product (NDP) is a part of Gross Domestic Product.
🔹 It obtained from the Gross Domestic Product by deducting the Quantum of tear and wear expenses (depreciation).
🔹NDP = GDP – Depreciation

🌟Per Capita Income (PCI) :

🔹Per Capita Income or Output per person is an indicator to show the living standard of people in a country.
🔹It is obtained by dividing the National Income by the population of a country.
🔹Per capita Income = National Income / Population

🌟Personal Income (PI) :

🔹Personal income is the total money Income received by individuals and households of a country from all possible sources before direct taxes, therefore, Personal income can be expressed as follows.
🔹PI = NI corporate Income Taxes – Undistributed corporate profits – social security contribution + Transfer payment.

🌟Disposable Income(DI) :

🔹Disposable income means actual income which can be spent on consumption by individuals and families, thus,it can be expressed as
🔹DPI = PI – Direct Taxes
(From consumption approach DI = Consumption Expenditures + Savings)

survival

Can I survive this pain.

It is hurting so much.

I lost everybody I loved

What I did gain?

I did everything possible

As much as I could.

For those who were to close.

There I see myself so irritating.

Will I ever overcome this depression.

My eyes hide the pain.

They’ve become loyal nowadays.

Things have gone in gone in wrong direction.

Why did I care so much

Why did I believe

Why did I loved them more than I loved me.

Was it all my fault.

Did I opened the wrong vault

Should have I given it a hault.

Was it really my fault

                                                                                                                             pratishtha vats

ENTERTAINMENT

ENTERTAINMENT
It is the mark of an educated mind to be able to entertain a thought without accepting it.
Meetali soni
Today life is full of stress and anxiety. Everyone is busy with his life, no time for family and himself even. Every person is running behind his hectic schedule. Life become so fast but still no time to relax for 5 minute and release the stress .Entertainment can add salt in this discomfort and distasteful life. It is the way of entertainment which keeps the life going. Else life becomes very dull and boring. Entertainment gives the life its charm and energy. Entertainment is a form of activity that holds the attention and interest of an audience, or gives pleasure and delight. Although people’s attention is held by different things, because individuals have different preferences in entertainment. Storytelling, music, drama, dance, and different kinds of performance exist in all cultures.Entertainment can be of any type depending on one’s choice and likes. A tired person after coming back from office, if got a 15 minute time to watch its favorite show then that time is enough to relax his tiring mind. This small time period of entertainment can give a smile and a soothing effect to his mind.
In ancient times the modes entertainment is were only a local games .Besides these games people used to enjoy themselves by puppt show, ram lila , ras lila etc..But in modern times we have television , radio , music , cinema ,dramas , stories etc.. Most forms of entertainment have persisted over many centuries, evolving due to changes in culture, technology, and fashion for example with stage magic. Films and video games, for example, although they use newer media, continue to tell stories, present drama, and play music.Music is a great way to relive the day to day stress. Almost every person is interested in any kind of music. People of the older times love classical music whereas kids like rhymes and children music. Not only this, many are attracted to listen natural sounds such as chirping of birds, water falling from the mountains.When a person sits down with his eyes closed to listen his favorite music, the heart beat goes balanced and mind got relaxed. Music tunes the soul and renews the body.Other than music, reading is one of the good sources of entertainment. People who love reading can go for good source of stuff to read. It can help relieve stress and definitely reenergize the mind. Reading is a very good habit. It not only helps to gain knowledge but creates good vocabulary and helps to have a better look of the outside world. Going out for picnic, chatting with family members or friends, dancing, singing etc. can give pleasure to a tired and sick mind. These simple ways lift up the mood and can buzz the day and put the life at an ease.

SIX BENEFITS OF ENTERTAINMENT…..

  • It is a source of relaxation.
  • It is not limited.
  • It enhances your mental healt
  • It teaches you lots of things.
  • It keeps you updated.
  • It gives you an aspiration

In short, any sort of entertainment should be there in life to remove the boredom of life and to make the life dynamic and exciting .

confusion

I don’t want to face it

I don’t want to run away either

I don’t want you to come close

I don’t want to go away either

I don’t want to love you

I don’t want to hate you either

                                                                                                     Pratishtha vats

To Make a Difference in the World

Racism – Racist is a dark word; it is as dark as the night, it is as dark as the souls of disgusting people. But I would like to talk about racial discrimination – not only in distant places but also in the United States. In fact, I am hoping that everyone will talk about racial discrimination. Only by talking about it, we can overcome past and present unfairness. On the third day in South Africa, when I was walking along the street with a black girl friend, some workers called “Hello, you are white, she is colored”. When I was walking down the street, I let people bring their heads out of the window.

If you do not affect the world around you, you will not spend the whole day. I believed that nothing will change in the world, but when I noticed that small actions had a major impact, I noticed that everyone had an impact on the surrounding people and the world, but we decided It must be. What are the differences? Never underestimate the power of simple good deeds. A sincere smile, praise or real “how are you?” Can produce bigger differences than you think. You may not know if this simple and meaningful gesture is the only good thing from someone else.

Everyone thinks that everyone can truly change the world, but something is bigger than all of us. You can definitely change the world around you – this is not a problem. Please watch as expected for the actual controllable impact. Privileges are realistic and can not be denied. You can not do one thing to change your hometown or the environment or situation yourself was born, but you can control where you go. You may have to work harder than others, it’s bad, but you should use something you might think weakness or damage, for you Work it out

Helping others and changing the world helps make the world a better place by improving people’s lives. You can make a difference, one at a time, one at a time, one project at a time, giving a sustainable impact to the world. As these quotes motivate you to help other people and work as hard to make positive changes.

HOW TO KNOW WHETHER YOU HAVE AN EATING DISORDER?

BY: VAIBHAVI MENON

“Eat good, feel good.” Food is an essential part of our survival and it can bring us both pleasure and harm. From the womb to the tomb, food is what gives us the nutrients and satisfaction we deserve. Yet food can have some fatal effects which varies from person to person. An eating disorder is a serious mental illness, characterized by eating, exercise and body weight or shape becoming an unhealthy preoccupation of someone’s life. Often people don’t even realize they could be suffering from a eating disorder and this where it becomes a issue.

Symptoms of an eating disorder vary from person to person because they could be suffering from different disorders. Some examples of eating disorders are anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. we can identify symptoms based on In general, behaviors and attitudes that indicate that weight loss, dieting, and control of food are becoming primary concerns Preoccupation with weight, food, calories, carbohydrates, fat grams, and dieting, Refusal to eat certain foods, progressing to restrictions against whole categories of food (e.g., no carbohydrates, etc.), Appears uncomfortable eating around others, Food rituals (e.g. eats only a particular food or food group [e.g. condiments], excessive chewing, doesn’t allow foods to touch), Skipping meals or taking small portions of food at regular meals, Any new practices with food or fad diets, including cutting out entire food groups (no sugar, no carbs, no dairy, vegetarianism/veganism), Withdrawal from usual friends and activities, Frequent dieting, Extreme concern with body size and shape,  Frequent checking in the mirror for perceived flaws in appearance and Extreme mood swings.Some physical symptoms could be Noticeable fluctuations in weight, both up and down, Stomach cramps, other non-specific gastrointestinal complaints (constipation, acid reflux, etc.), Menstrual irregularities — missing periods or only having a period while on hormonal contraceptives (this is not considered a “true” period), Difficulties concentrating, Abnormal laboratory findings (anemia, low thyroid and hormone levels, low potassium, low white and red blood cell counts), Dizziness, especially upon standing, Fainting/syncope, Feeling cold all the time, Sleep problems, Cuts and calluses across the top of finger joints (a result of inducing vomiting), Dental problems, such as enamel erosion, cavities, and tooth sensitivity, Dry skin and hair, and brittle nails, Swelling around area of salivary glands, Fine hair on body (lanugo), Cavities, or discoloration of teeth, from vomiting, Muscle weakness, Yellow skin (in context of eating large amounts of carrots), Cold, mottled hands and feet or swelling of feet, Poor wound healing, Impaired immune functioning Inspite of these signs most tend to ignore it as they are so obsessed with changing themselves that they dont notice the damage they are doing to their body. Therefore these insecurities can have really fatal effects on us without our knowledge. Usually the need to change their body comes through different sources such as family media and other institutions.

It’s important to know that you should know when you have reached your limit and not overwork yourself. if you see signs of an eating disorder its important to visit a doctor or talk to your loved ones for them to help you because in the end of all this your happiness is the priority.