Global Warming

Worldwide Warming could be a term nearly everybody is recognizable with. But, its meaning is still not clear to most of us. So, Global warming alludes to the continuous rise within the by and large temperature of the air of the Soil. There are different exercises taking put which have been expanding the temperature slowly. Worldwide warming is softening our ice ice sheets quickly. Usually greatly harmful to the earth as well as people. It is very challenging to control worldwide warming; in any case, it isn’t unmanageable. The primary step in fathoming any issue is distinguishing the cause of the issue. Hence, we ought to to begin with get it the causes of worldwide warming that will offer assistance us continue advance in tackling it. In this paper on Worldwide Warming, we are going see the causes and arrangements of Worldwide Warming.

Worldwide warming has gotten to be a grave issue which needs unified consideration. It isn’t happening since of a single cause but a few causes. These causes are both normal as well as artificial. The common causes incorporate the discharge of nurseries gasses which are not able to elude from soil, causing the temperature to increase. Further, volcanic ejections are moreover dependable for global warming. That’s to say, these ejections discharge tons of carbon dioxide which contributes to worldwide warming. So also, methane is additionally one enormous issue capable for worldwide warming.

Around the world warming has gotten to be a grave issue which needs bound together thought. It isn’t happening since of a single cause but a couple of causes. These causes are both ordinary as well as manufactured. The common causes consolidate the release of nurseries gasses which are not able to elude from soil, causing the temperature to extend. Advance, volcanic launches are in addition reliable for worldwide warming. That’s to say, these discharges release tons of carbon dioxide which contributes to around the world warming. So moreover, methane in addition one gigantic issue competent for around the world warming.

As expressed prior, it may well be challenging but it isn’t completely incomprehensible. Worldwide warming can be ceased when combined efforts are put in. For that, people and governments, both need to take steps towards accomplishing it. We must start with the diminishment of nursery gas. Furthermore, they have to be screen the utilization of gasoline. Switch to a half breed car and diminish the discharge of carbon dioxide. Additionally, citizens can select open transport or carpool together. Along these lines, reusing must moreover be energized.

For occurrence, once you go shopping, carry your own cloth bag. Another step you’ll be able take is to constrain the utilize of power which is able anticipate the discharge of carbon dioxide. On the government’s portion, they must control mechanical squander and boycott them from emanating destructive gasses within the discuss. Deforestation must be ceased instantly and planting of trees must be energized.

In brief, all of us must realize the reality that our soil isn’t well. It has to treatment and able to offer assistance it mend. The show era must take up the obligation of ceasing worldwide warming in arrange to anticipate the enduring of future eras. In this manner, each small step, no matter how little carries a part of weight and is very critical in halting worldwide warming.

SOUMYA SWAMINATHAN!!!

In this highly competitive world, everyone is trying to prove themselves in their areas of interest. Like men, now women are also pursuing their dream wilfully. They are the most competitive persons when compared to men. This doesn’t mean that men are incapable. Just that women are firm and strong enough to prove themselves. You may have a thought why am I talking about women too much? There is definitely a reason. Yeah! Today, I am going to share with you about an Indian Woman who marked her identity in WHO. I think you may have guesses or you should have found who she is? I think, your guess is correct. It’s our Soumya Swaminathan.

Everyone know about the “Father of Green Revolution of India”, Dr. M.S. Swaminathan, right? Soumya Swaminathan was the daughter of Dr. M.S. Swaminathan. She was born on 2nd May 1959 at Kumbakonam, Chennai, Tamil Nadu. Her full name is Soumya Swaminathan Yadav. Her mother, Mina Swaminathan, was an Indian Educationalist. Soumya has two siblings namely Madhura Swaminathan and Nithya Swaminathan. She was married to Ajit Yadav who was an orthopedic surgeon.

Dr. Soumya Swaminathan with her parents and two siblings

Now, let’s see about Dr. Soumya Swaminathan’s educational qualifications and her academic achievements.

She received her M.B.B.S degree from the Armed Forces Medical College, Pune.
She completed her M.D. in AIIMS, New Delhi.
She got her Diplomate of National Board from National Board of Examinations.
She completed her Ph.D., in neonatalogy and pediatric pulmonology.

Let’s see about her Career achievements.

In 1989, she was a Research Scholar in the Department of Pediatric Respiratory Diseases in United Kingdom till,1991.
She also worked as a Senior Research Registar, at Cardiopulmonary Medicine Unit in New Jersey.
In 1992, she joined National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, as a coordinator and later she became it’s Director.
From 2009 to 2011, She worked as the Coordinator of WHO/UNICEF/UNDP, for a research and training on Tropical diseases in Geneva.
She was the Director of ICMR and Secretory of the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, in India from August 2015 to November 2017.
From 2017 to March 2019, Dr. Soumya Swaminathan was the Deputy Director-General of WHO.
In 2019, she has become the Chief Scientist of WHO in research about the SARAS CoV-2 and worked hard in this pandemic getting detailed reports from all the countries. And she conducted interview once in two week to make us know the exact situation of the covid.

Gross inequity in vaccine access hurting; China way ahead, says WHO's Dr Soumya Swaminathan - The Financial Express

Let me tell you some of the awards won by her. In 2008, She received Kshanika Oration Award from ICMR. In 2011, she was given an Lifetime Achievement award by the Indian Association of Applied Microbiologists. In 2016, She received Research Endowment Award from NIPER and ASTRAZENECA.

I am inspired so much by Dr. Soumya Swaminathan. Yes, now I have the spark to achieve something big in my career and want to reach heights like her. What about you? I hope you too have your own dreams. Give your full effort and just do it. She had proven herself and made her Father proud. Let’s be like her and make our parents proud. Her achievements show us, how capable women are!! How strong!! Okay, Come on! Women, have confidence in yourself that you can do anything and everything! If you can’t, who can!! Let’s make our India proud.

Some Reference Links;

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soumya_Swaminathan

Are Serial Killers Genetically Fated to Kill?

Can we tend to use biology to observe the fate of a criminal? Are criminals not at fault for their actions? Does genetic science lead individuals to commit violent acts? What sequences are answerable for this or is it simply one gene?CDH13 or the “warrior gene” contains explicit variations within the X chromosome sequence that produces monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) enzyme. Cdh13 is concerned with the signaling between cells, but has additionally been
connected with hyper attention-deficit / upset disorder[ADHD], autism, schizophrenic psychosis, and emotional disorder.

This review covers projects and experiments conducted on its role related to violent behavior.
Recently a bunch of researchers from the Karolinska Institute in Sweden delineated the foremost recent look of MAOA-L published in the journal of Molecular Psychiatry. The study was led by Professor Jari Tiihonen who analyzed
the genes of 895 Finnish criminals which shows the criminals condemned of many violent crimes have the MAOA-L catalyst or the mutant version of it whereas the calm controls failed to.
Violent crime could be a major issue that affects the standard of life even in stable and plush societies. In industrial countries, the bulk of all violent crime is committed by a comparatively tiny cluster of delinquent recidivistic
offenders, and quite five hundredth of severe delinquent behavior is due to genetic factors.Cdh13 is additionally known as a possible risk sequence for syndrome spectrum disorder, violent behavior, substance abuse, depression.
Twenty years ago, it was ascertained that a rare mutation resulting in a whole deficiency of MAO-A (MAOA) was related to impulsive and aggressive behavior in a very Dutch kindred. Thus far, solely 2 studies have rumored
associate degree association between a selected sequence and criminal violent
offending. In the study, 12 % of the boys had a mix of the low-activity MAOA
promoter genotype and childhood ill-treatment, which accounted for 44% of the
violent convictions in their cohort. Although this finding has not been
replicated, and therefore the majority of violent convictions during this
cohort weren’t severe, like killing or tried killing, this MAOA variant has
become widely known as a ‘warrior gene’. Recently, it was rumored that this
finding has begun to influence the attitudes on court sentences within the
North American country. A meta-analysis that enclosed 11,000 people showed a
big interaction between the low-activity MAOA genotype and childhood
adversities on a subsequent delinquent outcome. However, the biggest study on
this issue, with quite 4000 people, couldn’t make sure the hypothesis that this
MAOA genotype moderates the link between childhood ill-treatment and delinquent
behavior, however, found statistically non-significant proof for the main
result of MAOA genotype on having a disposition toward violence. Thus, the
problem of a ‘warrior gene’ has remained moot.
To my information, this can be the primary study to research the genetic
background of severe aggressive behavior. The low-activity MAOA genotype also affects the metabolism of serotonin and serotonin signaling within the
corticolimbic circuitry, leading to increased impulsive aggression.
The high proportion of intoxicated offenders in our cohort is well in line with
a comprehensive review on the pharmacological medicine of bloody offenders in
developed countries, that complete that the bulk of offenders are intoxicated
by a mind-altering drug at the time of the killing, with alcohol being the
foremost usually rumored substance. The results indicate that concerning 9% of
severe violent crime in Finland is due to the low-activity MAOA genotype, which
is extremely near to the results of Caspi et al., who calculated that
concerning 11% of any violent crime within the New Zealand cohort was due to
this low-activity genotype and childhood ill-treatment. However, it’s essential
to emphasize that the sensitivity and specificity of the genotype findings are
too low for any screening functions, either for the primary or secondary bar of
violent offending. It is equally vital to appreciate that, in line with the
fundamental principles of rhetorical medical specialty, solely the particular
mental capability (phenotype) of the wrongdoer matters once social control or
obligation is taken into account, and therefore the purported risk factors as
such (such as genotype) don’t have any legal role within the ensuing judgment.
Regarding the secondary bar of violent crime generally, it’s obvious that the
utilization of alcohol, drug abuse, and alternative substances that induce a
transient monoamine neurotransmitter burst, and subsequent aggressive behavior,
ought to be reduced when unleashing from jail. This might be meted out by
implementing obligatory supervised treatment with a medicinal drug or long
narcotic antagonist as a part of a probation police investigation.
According to my knowledge, no previous studies have controlled the result of
co-existing abuse and delinquent psychological disorder once learning the
genetic background of severe violent behavior. Results from the
population-based sample showed a redoubled risk for alcoholism particularly due
to those that had severe issues in childhood. However, the results from this
study indicate that CDH13 and low-activity MAOA are quite specific to violent
crime because the ORs of the SNPs for offenders having committed solely
non-violent crimes (predominantly delinquent people with substance abuse),
indicating solely a small association with abuse and a criminal tendency as
such. The results indicate each low amine metabolism and somatic cell membrane
dysfunction as plausible factors within the etiology of utmost criminal violent
behavior, and a conservative estimate implies that 5–10% of all severe violent
crime in European nations is due to specific MAOA and CDH13 genotypes.
The role of active genetic proof in excusing and mitigating criminal behavior
is unclear. Analysis has recommended that the genotype of the catalyst enzyme
(MAOA-L) could increase the chance for aggressive and delinquent behavior. By
examining criminal proceedings during which MAOA-L genotype proof was
introduced, the rhetorical uses were explored. Westlaw and LexisNexis legal
databases were electronically probed for cases from 1995 to 2016 to spot court
documents from cases involving the MAOA-L genotype. Proof of the MAOA-L
genotype was enclosed in records from eleven criminal cases (9 U.S. and a pair
of Italian). Within the guilt part, genotype proof was dominated admissible in
one among 2 cases and should have contributed to a conviction on a lesser charge. Within the sentencing part, genotype proof was admissible in four of 5
cases, one among that concluded with a lesser sentence. Even once charges or
sentences are reduced it’s tough to determine the impact of proof of the MAOA-L
genotype. Genotype proof could lack a persuasive impact as a result of the
impact of the allelomorph on a specific suspect is tough to ascertain.
We tend to find that the warrior gene is specifically expressed in Golgi cells
within the cerebral cortex and is essential for repressive operate of Golgi
cells with deletion of Cdh13 in non‐executive centers of the brain, like the
neural structure, could contribute to psychological feature and social activity
deficits coupled to neurologic disorders.
So as an answer we can use genetic editing to tweak the genes playing a role in
the gene regulation and modulate the enzyme to stay the disorders in restraint.

A General Awareness on the pandemic!!!

RECENT UPDATES ON THE CURRENT SITUATION OF COVID PANDEMIC

What do you call the disease caused by the novel coronavirus? Covid-19

The second wave of Covid is making people suffer from its worst effects as the newly affected on a daily basis have reduced to less than 40,000 from 4 lakh of affected within ten days as per the latest reports of WHO organization released recently. The deaths are nearly more than 4 lakh of population and the government of various states are managing to control the spread of this virus. The doses of vaccines are prepared in a full stream as 34 lakhs of vaccines are distributed to several states and countries from the Serum Institute since it was approached by WHO company to prepare these doses. The third wave of Covid have already started in Australia that has affected nearly 20,000 people so far with even more advanced side effects of this virus. Accompanied by the death rate of these fungus as 5 out of 10 people prove fatality with negligence of side effects. As relaxations are made every country government works to control the spread and remove this deadly virus all over the globe.

Fully vaccinated people don't need Covid boosters, U.S. health agencies say

MEANING OF LEARNING

Why Learning Experience Matters | Litmos Blog

Generally people think that learning through practice is to make someone better than what he/she was earlier . To think so is not complete appropriate . However, it cannot be denied that there is an improvement as a result of learning . But it can lead towards unwanted or undesired changes . A child who plays football, may also learn wrong technique . Indeed , learning has a detailed explanation . The process of learning begins from the birth and continues throughout life. That is why it is said that learning takes place from womb to tomb. Learning means to adjust or adapt oneself according to the situation . There is a change in the behaviour of an individual after learning and he changes himself according to situations . The various psychologists have defined learning in different ways. However, they reach approximately at the same point . There are following definitions of learning by some eminent psychologists.

According to Guilford, ”We may define the term very broadly in saying that learning is any change in behaviour resulting from behaviour.”
According to R.S. Woodworth and D.G. Marquis, ”Learning consists in doing something new provided, this something new to be retained by the individual and reappears in his later activities.’‘
According to G. Murphy , ‘‘From this point of view it would be legitimate to regard learning as modification both of behaviour and of the way of perceiving.”
According to Whitkar, ”Learning may be defined as the process by which behaviour originates or is altered through training or experience.”

On the basis of the above-mentioned definitions, the following conclusions can be drawn :

Learning is adaptation and adjustment .
Learning is a continuous process.
Learning is universal.
Learning is a change in behaviour.
Learning is improvement and development .
Learning is a new organisation of experiences.
Learning is purposive and goal directed.

5 Best Colleges from All Over the World

When it comes to higher study everyone wants to attend the best colleges. If you are a student you also have the same dream. It is also same for an engineering student. I am listing Some best colleges below, which are eventually the dream college for not only engineering student but for every student from every other education field.

MIT or Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA: It is one of the renowned colleges in the world, which is situated in Massachusetts of USA. It was established in 10th April of 1861.It accepted 7% students from all over the world. Their moto is “Mind and Hand”. Here UG, PG, master and PhD courses are available .MIT holds the greatest number of Nobel winners, the notable alumni of these college are Kofi Annan, Richard Feynman, Raghuram Ranjan, Jairam Ramesh Katie Bowman and others. Subjects: language, law, Technology, general science, business ,art social & every other subjects . One can admitted here by GRE, GMAT, CAT etc. international examination.

2.Stanford University: It is one of prestigious college for student. It was established in 1891 in the world by Leland Stanford and Jane Stanford. Their Moto is “the wind of freedom blows”. It situated in Stanford in California in USA. Here UG, PG, master and PhD courses are available .The subjects which are taught here are language, law, Technology, general science, business and everything. It accepts 4.3% students from all over the world, it has some Nobel winner students and professors. Notable alumni of this college are Larry Page, Reed Hastings, Mukesh Ambani, Jennifer Connelly, Elon Musk, Stephen Brayer and others. One can admitted here by GRE, GMAT, CAT etc. internal examination.

3.University of Cambridge: Their motto is “from this place, we gain enlighten and precious knowledge”. It was first established in 1209 AC .It is one of the oldest and prestigious college in the world. Here UG, PG, master and PhD courses are available . It is situated in Cambridge in UK. It accepted 21% students from all over the world. Subjects taught here are language, law, Technology, general science, business and everything. It also has noble winner students and professor. Notable alumni are Stephen Hawking, Charles Darwin, John Milton, Emma Thompson. Rajiv Gandhi. One can admitted here by GRE, GMAT, CAT etc. internal examination.

Nanyang Technical University (NTU):It is situated in Singapore. It is one of the oldest University. It was established on 1st August 1981. It has continuously ranked with 100 from all over the world. 36% students from all over the world are accepted in the University. GATE score is acknowledged here for the admission of Indian student. Subjects which are available — language, law, Technology, general science, business and everything. Here UG, PG, master and PhD courses are available .Notable alumni are Melvin Yong, Cheryl Chan, Darryl David, General Tito Karnavian, Inderjit Singh, Shirley Meng and others.

5.Harvard University: It is situated Cambridge, USA. The motto of the University is “truth”. It was established in 1636. It is one of the oldest and most prestigious University. Here UG, PG, master and PhD courses are available. It accepts only 4% students from all over the world .The subject taught here are — language, law, Technology, general science, business and everything. Notable alumni are John Adams, Theodore Roosevelt, John F. Kennedy, Benazir Bhutto, Bill Gates, Michael Obama, Barack Obama. There are so many Nobel Prize winner is from this university. One can admitted here by GRE, GMAT, CAT etc. international examination.

Mental Health

We human beings often tend to pay less attention to our mental health than our physical one, but we all should understand its heavy importance and admit the fact that they can be equally or even more dangerous than the physical issues so one should take immediate help of doctor or councilor in case some abnormalities or issues arises.

Importance of mental health :

Mental and physical health are equally important components of overall health. Mental illness, especially depression, increases the risk for many types of physical health problems, particularly long lasting conditions like stroke, type 2 diabetes and heart disease. Similarly, the presence of chronic conditions can increase the risk for mental illness.

Some mental illnesses :

Mental illnesses are among the most common health conditions in the united states.

* More than 50% will be diagnosed with a mental illness or disorder at some point in their lifetime.

* 1 in 5 children,either currently or at some point during their life, have had a seriously debilitating mental illness.

Causes of mental illness :

There is no single cause for mental illness. A number of factors can contribute to risk for mental illness, such as

* Early adverse life experiences such as trauma or a history of abuse.

* Experiences related to other ongoing medical condition, such as cancer or diabetes

* Biological factors, such as genes or chemical imbalances in the brain.

* use of alcohol or recreational drugs.

Types of mental illness :

People can experience different types of mental illnesses or disorder and they can often occur at the same time.Mental illness can occur over a short period of time or be episodic. This means that the mental illness comes and goes with discrete beginnings and ends. Mental illness can also ongoing or long term.

There are more than 200 classified types of mental illness. Some of the main types of mental illness and disorders are listed below; however; this list is not exhaustive.

Anxiety Disorders :

People with anxiety disorders respond to certain objects or situations with fear and dread or terror. Anxiety disorders include generalized anxiety disorder, social anxiety, panic disorders and phobias.

Hyperactivity Disorder :

It is one of the most common childhood mental disorders. It can continue through adolescence and adulthood. People diagnosed with ADHD may have trouble paying attention, controlling impulsive behaviors or be overly active.

Disruptive Behavioral Disorders :

It involves a pattern of disruptive behaviors in children that last for atleast 6 months can cause problems in school, at home and in social sitauations.Behavioral symptoms can also continue into adulthood.

Depression and other mood disorders :

While bad moods are common and usually pass in a short period, people suffering from mood disorders live with more constant and severe symptoms. People living with this mental illness find that their mood impacts both mental and psychological well- being, nearly evry day and often for much of the day.

Eating Disorders :

Eating disorders involve obsessive and sometimes distressing thoughts and behaviors including

* Reduction of food intake

* overeating

* Feelings of depression or distress

* concern about weight, body shape, poor self image

Personality Disorders :

People with personality disorders have extreme and inflexible personality traits that cause problems in work, school or social realtionships. Personality disorders include antisocial personality disorder and borederline personality disorder

Substance use Disorders :

Substance use disorders occur when frequent or repeated use of alochol and or drugs causes significant impairment, such as health problems, disability, and failure to meet major responsibilities at work, school, or home. Substance use problems can be fatal to the user or others. Exsmples include drunk driving fatalities and drug overdoses.

In this busy world our brain gets a lot stressed and its very important that we should take due care of it, some of the practices which will help us to do better with our mental health are:

Yoga plays a great role in keeping our mind calm and also helps us to focus and concentrate on things. It also helps us deal with tough situations and gives us the strength to stay away from negativity.
Exercising regularly is a key to healthy body and we all know that a healthy body and a healthy mind goes hand in hand, so we must ensure that we exercise daily to keep ourselves fit.
The environment that we stay in also the company with which we spend time also plays a major role we should be extremely aware while selecting our company and in case we are not able to adjust we should walk away.
Food is the fuel and is of immense importance we should ensure that we are not nutrient deficient also we should ensure that we intake enough amount of water daily.

Self – confidence

Self- confidence is a feelung of trust in one’s abilities, qualities, and judgment.children with a healthy sennsr of self-confidence are able to feel good about themselves and knoe that they deserve respect from others.
Confidence can be a tough thing to build up. We’ve put together some handy tips to help you put.

TIPS FOR BUILDING SELF – CONFIDENCE :

There are number of things you can do to build your confidence. Some of them arejust small changes to your frame of mind; others you’ ll have to work on fora big longer to make them familiar habits.

1.LOOK AT WHAT YOU’VE ALEADY ACHIEVED:

It is easy to lose confidence if you believe you haven’t achieved anythkng. Make a list of all the things you’ re proud of in your life, whegger it’s getting a good mark on an exam or learning to surf. Keep the list close by and add to it whenever you do something you’ re proud of. When you’re low in confidence,pull out the list a use it to remind yourself if all the awesome stuff you’ ve done.

2.SET SOME GOALS :

Set some goals and set out the steps you need to take to achieve them. They don’t have to be big goals; they can even be things like baking a cake or planning a nighy out with friends. Just aim for some achievements that you can tick off a list to hrlp you again confidence in your ability to get stuff done.

3.THINK OF THINGS YOU’RE GOOD AT :

Everyone has strengths and talents. What are yours? Recoginising what you’re good at,and trying to build on those things,will help you to build confidence in your own abilities.

4.TALK YOURSELF UP :

You’re never going to feel confident if you have negative commentary running through your mind telling you that you’re no good. Think about your self- talk and how that might be affecting your self- confidence. Treat yourself like would your bestfriend and cheer yourself on.

5.GET A HOBBY :

Try to find something that you’re really passionate about. It could be photography, sport, knitting or anything else! When you’ve workef out your passion, commit yourself to giving it a go.chances are, if you’re intetested or passionate about a certain activity, you’re more likely to be motivated and you’ll build skills more quickly.

Confidence helps us feel ready for life’s experiences. When we’re confident, we’re more likely to move forward with people and opportunities no back away from them. And if things don’t work out at fisrt , confidence helps us try again. It is the opposite when confidence is low.

Self- confidence is a feeling of trust in one’s abilities, qualities, and judgement. Some of the many causes of low self- esteem may include. Unhappy childhood where parents were extremly critical. Poor academic performance in school resulting in a lack of confidence.

Biomass Power Generation

Biomass is waste material from plants or animals that is not used for food or feed; it can be waste from farming (like wheat stalks) or horticulture (yard waste), food processing (like corn cobs), animal farming (manure), or human waste from sewage plants.

Power Generation

In a direct combustion system, biomass is burned in a combustor or furnace to generate hot gas, which is fed into a boiler to generate steam, which is expanded through a steam turbine or steam engine to produce mechanical or electrical energy. Biomass is the boiler fuel that produces steam to operate a steam turbine and generator to make electricity. Several components required like furnace , boiler , pumps , fans , steams , turbines , generator, condenser, cooling tower .

Scope

India produces a huge quantity of biomass material in its agricultural, agro-industrial, and forestry operations. Over 500 million tonnes of agricultural and agro-industrial residue alone is generated every year. This quantity, in terms of heat content, is equivalent to about 175 million tonnes of oil. This quantity of biomass is sufficient to generate 15 000–25 000 MW of electrical power. Electricity can also be generated from biomass grown on wastelands, road and rail track side plantations, etc. The total electricity generation potential from biomass could reach a figure of about 100 000 MW.

Advantages

Renewable
Carbon Neutrality : Biomass reduces this because the fuel is a natural part of the carbon cycle, unlike oil and other fossil fuels. The only carbon that is released into the atmosphere from biomass fuels is what was absorbed by the plants during their lifecycles.
Less Dependency on Fossil Fuels
Low Cost in Comparison To Fossil Fuels
It Reduces Waste
Availability : Much like with the sun and water, they can be found practically anywhere on the planet.

Disadvantages

It’s Not Completely Clean
High Costs In Comparison To Other Alternatives
Large space required
It Requires Water
It Has Inefficiencies

PLANET EARTH

Earth, our home planet, is a world unlike any other. The third planet from the sun, Earth is the only place in the known universe confirmed to host life.

With a radius of 3,959 miles, Earth is the fifth largest planet in our solar system, and it’s the only one known for sure to have liquid water on its surface. Earth is also unique in terms of monikers. Every other solar system planet was named for a Greek or Roman deity, but for at least a thousand years, some cultures have described our world using the Germanic word “earth,” which means simply “the ground.”

Our dance around the sun

Earth orbits the sun once every 365.25 days. Since our calendar years have only 365 days, we add an extra leap day every four years to account for the difference.

Though we can’t feel it, Earth zooms through its orbit at an average velocity of 18.5 miles a second. During this circuit, our planet is an average of 93 million miles away from the sun, a distance that takes light about eight minutes to traverse. Astronomers define this distance as one astronomical unit (AU), a measure that serves as a handy cosmic yardstick.

Earth rotates on its axis every 23.9 hours, defining day and night for surface dwellers. This axis of rotation is tilted 23.4 degrees away from the plane of Earth’s orbit around the sun, giving us seasons. Whichever hemisphere is tilted closer to the sun experiences summer, while the hemisphere tilted away gets winter. In the spring and fall, each hemisphere receives similar amounts of light. On two specific dates each year called the equinoxes both hemispheres get illuminated equally.

Many layers, many features

About 4.5 billion years ago, gravity coaxed Earth to form from the gaseous, dusty disk that surrounded our young sun. Over time, Earth’s interior which is made mostly of silicate rocks and metals differentiated into four layers.

At the planet’s heart lies the inner core, a solid sphere of iron and nickel that’s 759 miles wide and as hot as 9,800 degrees Fahrenheit. The inner core is surrounded by the outer core, a 1,400-mile-thick band of iron and nickel fluids. Beyond the outer core lies the mantle, a 1,800-mile-thick layer of viscous molten rock on which Earth’s outermost layer, the crust, rests. On land, the continental crust is an average of 19 miles thick, but the oceanic crust that forms the seafloor is thinner about three miles thick and denser.

To Grow Mentally and physically

Growing mentally and growing physically are two completely different things. Growing mentally refers to a person’s psychological growth the way we think and deal with different situations, and by what methods we develop and disseminate information. Growing up physically refers to a person’s physical growth like increased height, strength, and health. It can also refer to the development of your brain.
” The key to success is to keep growing in all areas of life mental emotional, spiritual as well as physical.” A healthy body can help your mind stay strong.when your body isn’t fit, it’s tougher to make challenging decisions.
Some of the tips will help you to improve both simultaneously.

ENRICH YOUR MIND :

keep challenging yourself to learn new things. By doing this, will gain more knowledge about things around you, and you will learn how to utilize things in a better way. Don’t let yourself get stuck in one place, either mentally or physically. Be proactive, curious, conscious and informed about the world.

Use your brain more often by doing brain exercises:

Exercising your brain means using it more. Generally the brain takes part in everything we do, but there are some types of activities which are specifically exercise our brains. Activities like doing puzzles, playing games like chess or scrabble, solving numerical problems, studying difficult topics and changing your dexterity, spatial reasoning and logic. Doing these mental exercises daily can sharpen your mind , and it can be an excellent way to strengthens neural links in your brain.

CONSUME NUTRIENTS THAT ARE GOOD FOR BRAIN:

Take in nutrients which are good for your brain. Foods that have antioxidants like vitamin c,e,b etc are good for the brain.consuming almonds and apple juice is also good for sharpening the brain.

THINK CRITICALLY :

when we hear, read or work on something, It is very important than we question everything and pay attention to details.such an approach can improve our thinking ability because it requires more brain work than mere observations.

DO PHYSICAL EXERCISES :

A healthy body means a healthy mind; regular exercise has a positive influence our brains function. The brain takes in nutrients from the blood, which makes the brain healthier. Physical exercise is essential for enhancing mental power .

EAT HEALTHY FOODS :

spend some time to examine which kinds of food bring you up and which foods bring down. Creating a diet plan can make you feel good, and gives you a sense of self-development. This will boost your sense of success.

GET BETTER SLEEP AND TAKE NAPS:

Get as much sleep as you need, around Seven or eight hours, every night. While sleeping well does not guarantee good health, it does help you to maintain many vital functions. Perhaps most importantly sleep helps you recover from the wear and tear of daily life. Major healing functions in the body such as tissue repair, music and mental growth occur almost exclusively during sleep.

SPEED TIME WITH PEOPLE :

Build a good support system with the people around you. Whether it’s your family, friends, or something else, find a group of people who are willing to support you in any circumstances. This increases flexibility and helps to provide perspective in the midst of stress and discomfort.

STAY AWAY FROM DRUGS AND ALCOHOL :
using cigarettes, alcohol, and illegal drugs damage your mental and physical health. Decreasing mental and physical stability produces” false” emotions.

FIND A GOOD LISTENER :

Find someone who is eager to listen to you, who you can talk to openly and freely. This can help you in relieving stress and anger and can heal you mentally, which ultimately has an impact on your physical health.

LAUGH MORE :

Laughter is the best medicine for human health. Human increases dopamine, and it improves memory and health.

GET RID OF BAD HABITS THAT HURT YOUR CONFIDENCE :

If you have a habit of smoking too much, drinking alcohol too much, spending too much time online, or a different habit that’s hurting your confidence, take steps to eradicate them. Study books, watch good films, play games, watch dances, and listen to songs; do the things that make you feel relaxed. Many studies suggest that watching TV and using a computer late at night is bad for your health.

STAR YOUR DAY BY THINKING ABOUT ONE GOOD THING YOU CAN DO :

Generally, it’s just a matter of deciding to do something good. Develop the habit of finding a good deed to do each day. Set aims and goals and follow through with them to attain them. By setting goals and gradually working to attain them , you will grow mentally.

Everything about Black Holes

A black hole is a region of spacetime where gravity is so strong that no particle, even light cannot escape from it. Einstein’s general theory of relativity predicts that a sufficient compact mass can create a black hole anywhere in spacetime. The point from which nothing can escape is called as event horizon. This gigantic space monster is formed from a dying star. The gravitational pull is so strong because everything is compressed into tiny space.

Formation of Black Holes

Scientists believe that the smallest black hole was formed when the universe was created. Stellar or huge black holes are formed when the core of a huge star falls upon itself or collapses. When this happens, it creates a supernova. Supernova is an exploding star which blasts its outer part into the space. When a star has exhausted the thermal nuclear fuel in its core, it becomes highly unstable and gravitationally collapses upon itself.

The crushing weight of matter falling upon the star from all sides compresses the star to a point of no volume and infinite density. This point is called as the singularity. Singularity is the center of the black hole which is hidden by its surface which is the event horizon. The event horizon is the farthest place a particle can go while travelling towards the black hole. After that, there is the point of no return. This is because the escape velocity, the velocity needed to escape from the gravitational pull of a cosmic object, of a black hole is more than the speed of light.

Discovery of Black Holes

The first black hole ever discovered was Cygnus X-1, located within the Milky Way in the constellation of Cygnus. Astronomers saw the first signs of the black hole in 1964 via the gas it sucked away from a closely orbiting blue supergiant star. As this gas spiraled into the black hole, it became so hot it emitted high-energy X-rays and gamma-rays that satellites could detect. This black hole is about 7,240 light years away from Earth

Scientists detected that there is a supermassive black hole in the center of our galaxy, Milky Way. The black hole, Sagittarius A* is a massive black hole whose mass is equivalent to 4 million suns. In 2017 it was detected that every galaxy consists a super massive black hole in its center. As black holes are invisible, it is detected using special telescopes to study the things happening around the black hole. The Event Horizon telescope is used designed specially to detect black holes around the universe.

First Images of a Black Hole

The first direct visual evidence of a black hole has been revealed on 10 April 2019 by astronomers working on the Event Horizon Telescope. The image is of the supermassive black hole that lies at the center of the huge Messier 87 galaxy, in the Virgo galaxy cluster. Located 55 million light-years from Earth, the black hole has been determined to have a mass 6.5 billion times that of the Sun.

Though black holes are not visible, scientists and researchers managed to capture the boundary – the event horizon of the black hole. The size of the image of the black hole is almost equal to the size of the selfies taken by 10,000 people in their life time. This is considered as a huge achievement as this is the first time an image as clear as this has been captured.

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

Science and technology play a huge role in our society as well as in our lives. Nowadays we all are surrounded by technology and are dependent on it for everything we do. Especially after this pandemic everything is in virtual mode and is completely based on technology. We live in the technological era where gadgets are of outmost importance to us. A gadget is simply a human made device which is programmed to reduce human effort and does a piece of job easily without any hassle.

In this fast-growing world we human beings are always surrounded by machines and gadgets for every need of ours starting from the time we get up in the morning till we again go to bed we even use gadgets while we are asleep such as air conditioner, insect repellent and many more. Science is a boon for us, but in the other hand as everything has its own merits and demerits there are also people who do use science for a bad cause. Technology is good but it is advisable to keep this technology out of the reach of children as otherwise they will not tend to learn things and will prefer to take the help of science to solve a particular existing problem this may affect their growth.

IMPORTANCE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY :

Technology, science and knowledge are important in modern contemporary society. Essential questions include the following : How does science and technology produce new products, new ways of living and new nutritious? Why is new technology and knowledge so fundamental to us in the ways through which we imagine the future?

Technology, knowledge and science are fundamental in modern contemporary society. The understanding of how social, cultural and material elements influence the production of new practices, new ways of under of contemporary postmodern society. Studies of technology and science provides students with insight into how different processes of knowledge are initiated and progressed, and how innovative technological processes are developed employed and increase in importance.
In this manner, students will be provided with the academic basis for working with detailed analyses of different forms of technologies and process of knowledge within business life or industry and commerce, research work , political development, management of knowledge and innovation.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY :

Science , technology and innovation each represent a successively larger category of activities which are highly interdependent but distinct. Science contributes to technology in at least six ways.

New knowledge which serves as a direct source of ideas of new technological possibilities.
Source from tools and techniques for more efficient engineering design and a knowledge based for evaluation of feasibility of designs
Research instrumentation, laboratory techniques and analytical methods used in research that eventually find their way into design or industrial practices, often through intermediate disciplines.
Practice of research as a source for development and assimilation of new human skill and capabilities eventually useful for technology.
Creation of a knowledge base that becomes increasingly important in the assessment of technology in terms of its wider social and environmental impacts
Knowledge base that enables more efficient strategies of applied research, development, and refinement of new technologies.

THe ROLE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

Teaching technological literacy, critical thinking and problem- solving through science education gives students the skills and knowledge they need to succeed in school and beyond.

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY USED IN SOCIETY :

Science and technology have had a major impact on society, and their impact is growing. By making life easier, science has given an the chance to pursue societal concerns such as ethics, aesthetics, education and justice to create cultures, and to improve human conditions.

INSPIRATIONAL STORY OF J.K ROWLING

J.K Rowling’s story is one of the most famous insipirational failures to the success story of our time. She had failed in almost everything she attempted to do in her life and at one point she considers herself a major failure.

Most of the people only know her as a woman writer who created Harry Potter, but what people don’t know about the struggle she faces before reaching the stardom.

BIRTH AND CHILDHOOD :

Joanne Rowling was born on 31st July 1965 in yate, Gloucestershire, England to Peter James Rowling and Anne Rowling. Her father was a Rolls- Royce aircraft engineer and mother was a science technician
She had one little sister, Dianne, as a child Rowling loves to write fantasy stories and read them to her younger sister. When she was a teenager she got a chance to read Jessica Mitford ‘s autobiography, from then on Mitford become her heroine and after that, she read all her books.

BOOK INSPIRATION AND MOTHER ‘S DEATH :

After working for Amnesty International as a researcher and bilingual secretary in London, Rowling moved to Manchester with her then- boyfriend where she worked at chamber of commerce. In1990, Rowling first had the idea for Harry Potter, a story of a young boy who attends a school of wizards, while she was on a 4 hour delayed train trip from Manchester to London.
While travelling the idea fully formed in her mind and when she reached her flat she began writing furiously. However, in December 1990 her mother died after 10 years of complications from Mutiplr sclerosis Mother’s death heavily affects Rowling and leave her extremely distraught and upset. Later she channelled her own feelings of her loss by writing about Harry’s feelings in her first book.

MARRIAGE, DIVORCE AND SINGLE MOTHER:

After a few months of her mother’s death, she moved to Portugal to teach the English language. There she met a man, fall in love with him, got married and gave birth to her daughter. In 1993 her marriage ended in Divorce and she with her infant daughter moved to Edinburgh Scotland to be closer to her sister.
This is the most struggling time for Rowling and she saw herself as a complete failure. She was divorced, jobless, no money and a dependent child. Because of all this, she suffered bouts of depression and contemplated suicide. Eventually, she signed for Government-assisted welfare describing her economic status as poor. It was a really difficult time in her life but she kept going on and put all her energy on completing her novel.

HARRY POTTER :

In 1995 Rowling completes her manuscript for Harry Potter and the philosopher’s stone on an old manual type writer. She was so poor at that time she could not afford a computer or even the cost of photocopying the novel, so she manually typed each copy and submitted to twelve publishing house in London.
The manuscript was rejected almost dozens time until she was finally given chance with £1,500 advance by a small London publisher, Bloomsbury after the company’s CEO little 8 years old daughter fell in love with it after reading the first chapter of the book.

In July 1997 Bloomsbury published first 1000 copies of Harry Potter series out of which 500 copies were distributed to libraries. Just five months later the book won Nestlé smarties Book prize it’s first award . In early 1998 an auction was held in America for the printing rights to publish the novel.
Scholastic INC won the auction for USB 105, 000, later Rowling said in a interview that she nearly died when she heard the news of this amount for printing her novel. Today Harry Potter is a global brand worth an estimated 15 billion dollars.
The last four Harry Potter books have set the records for the fastest selling books in history. The Harry Potter series to talking 4, 195 pages have been translated either in whole or in part into 65 languages. The Harry Potter books series have also gained recognition for creating an interest in reading among the children’s at a time when they were more inclined towards the Internet, computers and television.

FINANCIAL SUCCESS :

In 2001 J.K ROWLING purchased a 19th century killiechassie House, an estate house on the banks of the river tay in Perth. She also owns a £ 4.5 million Georgian house in West London. In 2004 , Forbes named Rowling as the first person to become a us dollar billionaire by only writing books.In 2017, according to Sunday times, Richard list Rowling net worth was approx. £ 650 million.

PERSONAL LIFE :

Rowling and her second husband Neil Murray were married on 26th December 2001. They live in Edinburgh with their 3 children. Rowling was a runner up in 2007. Time’s annual person of the year issue after Russia’s president Vladimir putin.

JK ROWLING’S RULES OF SUCCESS :

Failure helps you discovers yourself.
Take action on your ideas.
You will be criticised
Remember where you started
Truly Believe in yourself
learn from adversity.
*Visualise to achieve
Persevere
Dreams can happen.
use your creativity.

Depression

Depression and anxiety are very common problem these days starting from teenager to elderly adults anyone and everyone can face this at any point in life and they equally affect us as any physical disease does, many people don’t take mental health seriously but it is outmost necessary to do so. Here are a few simple daily habits which will help you to deal with depression:

Stay away from negative thoughts, and always try to focus on the filled part of the glass and try not to worry about the empty.
Practice meditation regularly it helps to calm one’s mind and helps in relaxing the brain.
Try to stay out from field where you feel irritated and also do try ignoring unnecessary mess.
Physical exercising is a must for a healthy mind as it keeps the body fit and also helps keeping negativity away.
The physical environment where one spends time and the company of people with which one spend time also plays a key role in determining the and dealing with depression issues.
One must also take care of the diet, consuming fresh fruits and vegetables are highly recommended and one must take care that proper diet is consumed.

Depression symptoms :

Depression can be more than a constant state of sadness or feeling ” blue”. Major depression cane cause a variety of symptoms. Some affect your mood, and others afect your body. Symptoms may also be onging or come and go. The symptoms of depression can be experienced differently among men, women and children differently.

Men may experience symptoms related to their:

* Mood, such as anger, aggressive, irritability, anxiousness, restlessness.

* Emotional well- being such as feeling empty, sad, hopeless.

* Behavior, such as loss of interest, no longer finding pleasure in favorite activites feeling tired easily , thiughts of suicide, drinking- execessively , using drugs, engaging in high- risk activities.

* sexual interest, such as reduced sexual desire, lack of sexual performance

* cognitive abilities , such as inability to concentrate, difficulty completeing tasks, delayed responses during- conversations.

* sleep patterns, such as insomina, restless slepp, excessive sleepiness, not sleeping through the night.

* physical well- being, such as fatigue, pains, headache, digestive problems.

Women may experience symptoms related to their:

* mood, such as irritability

* emotional well- being, such as feeling sad or empty, anxious or hopless.

* congnitive abilities,such asthinking or talking more slowly

* behavior, such as loss of interest in activities, withdrawing from social engagements, thoughts of suicide

* sleep patterns, such as difficultu sleeping through the night, waling early, sleeping too much.

* physical well- being, such as decreases energy, greater fatigue, changes in appetite, weight changes, aches,pain, headaches, increased cramps.

Children may dxperiences symptoms related to their :

* mood such as irritability, anger, mood swings, crying.

* emotional well- being, such as feelings of incompetence or despair, crying, intense sadness

* behavior, such as gettkng into trouble at school or refusing to go to school, avoiding friends or siblings thoughts of death or suicide.

* cognitive abilities, such as difficulty concentrating, decline in school performance, changes in grades.

* sleep patterns, such as difficulty sleeping or sleeping too much

*physical well- being, such as loss of energy digestive problems, changes in appetite, weight loss or gain.

Depression causes :

There are several possible causes of depression. They can range from biological to circumstantial.

Common causes include ;

* Family history :

You’re at a higher risk for developing depression if you hace a family history of depression or another mood disorder.

* Early childhood trauma :

Some events affect the way your body reacts to fear and stressful situations

* Brain structure :

There’s a greater risk for depression if her frontal lobe of your brain is less active.

* Medical conditions :

Certain conditions may put you at higher risk, such as chronic illness, insomia, chroinc pain or attention- deficit hyperactivity disorder

* Drug use :

A history of drug or alcohol misuse can affect your risk.

Many factors can influence feelings of depression, as well as who develops the condition . The causes of depression are often tied to other elements of your health. Depression can be linked with to other health problems, your healthcare provider may also conduct a physical examination and order blood work.

Types of depression :

Depression can be broken into categories depending on the severity of symptoms. Some people experience mild and temporary episodes, whike other experience severs and ongoing depressive episodes.

There are two main types. Major depressive disorder and persistent depressive disorder .

Major depressive disorder :

Major depressive disorder is the more severe form of depression. It’s characterized by persistant feelings of sadness, hoplessness and worthlessness that dont’t go away on their own.

Persistent depressive disorder :

Persistent depressive disorder ( pDD) used to be called dysthymia. It is a milder, but chronic, form of depression.

It’s common for people with PDD to

* lose interest in normal daily activites.

* feel hopless

* lack productivity

* haveclow self- esteem

Depression can be treated successfully, but it’s important to stick your treatment plan.

Treatment for depression :

Living with depression can be difficult, but treatment can help improve your quality of life. Talk to your health care provider about possible options. You may successfully manage symptoms with one form of treatment ,or may find that a combinations of treatment works best.

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Our dance around the sun

Many layers, many features

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