Digital Banking

Digital Banking has completely changed the way we bank in today’s times. With Digital Banking, you can transact with higher speed, ease and convenience.

What is Digital Banking?

In simple terms, Digital Banking means availability of all banking activities online. Here, you have the luxury to freely access and perform all traditional banking activities 24*7 without having to personally go to a bank branch to get your work done. Some of the major online banking activities include-

(1) Money Deposits, Withdrawals, and Transfer
(2) Checking/Savings Account Management
(3) Applying for Financial Products
(4) Loan Management
(5) Bill Payment
(6) Account Services

Many banks also offer other integrated services like investing in Mutual Funds and other investment options online. Thus, making Digital Banking a widely used concept.

Digital Banking in India

Digital Technology has drastically changed the way banks interact with us. Similarly, it has completely changed the way we transact and interact with the bank. This is especially true in the case of a booming technological and financial economy like India, where more and more people are being connected to Digital Banking Platforms with each passing day.

With Digital Banking you can perform every transaction, from start to end in a seamless, secure manner. You can withdraw money, deposit money, apply for loans, invest in Mutual Funds- all at a click of a button.

With the introduction of mobile banking you can perform transactions on the go. Mobile banking is a convenient and easy way to finish your transactions. For example, you can do over 125 transactions through HDFC Bank’s mobile banking app.

The latest addition to mobile banking feature is the Mobile Banking LITE app.The HDFC Mobile Banking app can work without an internet connection, italso doesn’t take up too much space and is quick to install over slow connections. It’s a safe and secure way of making transactions on the go.

Digital Banking services are offered by all major retail banks in the country today and have, in fact, become an integral part of their services. So, one can now bank from the ease of one’s home, with the convenience of smartphone screens.

(1) Indian Financial System Code (IFSC)
The Indian Financial System Code (IFSC) is an 11-character code in alphanumeric format to uniquely identify all bank branches within the NEFT, RTGS, and the Immediate Payment Service (IMPS) network within India. This code is printed on every cheque leaf in your personal or company chequebook. To transfer funds to an account electronically, the receiver must share his IFSC code as it identifies the receiver bank and branch.Magnetic Ink Character Recognition (MICR)
Magnetic Ink Character Recognition (MICR) is a technology used to verify the legitimacy or originality of paper documents, especially cheques. A special ink sensitive to magnetic fields is used in the printing of certain characters. Every bank branch has a unique MICR code, which helps the RBI speed up the cheque clearing process, with MICR readers.

(2)Magnetic Ink Character Recognition (MICR)
Magnetic Ink Character Recognition (MICR) is a technology used to verify the legitimacy or originality of paper documents, especially cheques. A special ink sensitive to magnetic fields is used in the printing of certain characters. Every bank branch has a unique MICR code, which helps the RBI speed up the cheque clearing process, with MICR readers.

(3) Electronic Clearing Service (ECS)
Electronic Clearing Service (ECS) is another method of transferring funds from one bank account to another. It is most often used to pay regular bills (telephone, mobile, credit card, electricity, etc, to make EMI payments (Personal, Car, Home Loan), and SIP investments. This is done by invoking the auto debit facility. ECS is also used by entities for payment of salaries, pensions, distribution of dividend interest etc.

(4) Immediate Payment Service (IMPS)
Since NEFT may not be available for use on weekends and bank holidays, you could try using IMPS or Immediate Payment Service. The service is available 24X7. The minimum transfer value is Rs 1 and the maximum value is Rs 2 lakh.
But to use this service, you will need to register via your bank and provide the mobile number and MMID of the beneficiary as IMPS transfer can also be done through mobile phones. Mobile Money Identifier (MMID) is a seven-digit unique number issued by the bank.

(5) National Electronic Funds Transfer (NEFT)
The National Electronic Funds Transfer (NEFT) system allows individuals, companies, and other entities to transfer funds electronically from one bank to another within India. Normally, funds from the remitting bank will be sent to the RBI within three hours of the transaction. However, the time taken to credit the beneficiary bank’s branch account depends on how long it takes the bank to process the transaction. It should be noted that NEFT operates only during business hours on weekdays. NEFT transactions cannot be done on Sundays, bank holidays, and second and fourth Saturdays of the month. The minimum transfer value is Rs 1 and there is no upper limit.

(6)Real Time Gross Settlement (RTGS)
Another method for transferring money electronically, from bank to bank, within the Indian banking system is Real Time Gross Settlement (RTGS) scheme, where the minimum amount for each transaction is Rs 2 lakh and there is no upper limit. The beneficiary account receives the money immediately.
The RTGS system is primarily meant for large value transactions.With effect from 00:30 hours on December 14, 2020, RTGS facility is available round the clock on all days i.e. 24 hrs. India one of the few countries to operate the system 24×7. This comes within a year of the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) operationalising NEFT 24×7. NEFT is the popular mode for small-value transactions. RTGS, which started on March 26, 2004 with a soft launch involving four banks, presently handles 6.35 lakh transactions daily for a value of Rs 4.17 lakh crore across 237 participant banks. The average ticket size for RTGS in November 2020 was Rs 57.96 lakh, making it a truly large-value payment system. RTGS uses ISO 20022 format which is the best-in-class messaging standard for financial transactions. The feature of positive confirmation for credit to beneficiary accounts is also available in RTGS.
Earlier, the RBI had decided not to levy charges on transactions through NEFT and RTGS in order to promote digital transactions, and had asked banks to pass on the benefits to customers. The RBI used to levy minimum charges on banks for transactions routed through RTGS and NEFT. Banks, in turn, levied charges on their customers. RTGS is meant for large-value instantaneous fund transfers, while NEFT is used for fund transfers of up to Rs 2 lakh.
It should be noted that NEFT, RTGS and IMPS impose transaction fees in slab rates.

(7) Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication (SWIFT)
SWIFT is an acronym for Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication. It is an internationally recognised identification code forbanks worldwide, and is usually used for international wire transfers. Only those banks that are SWIFT-enabled can take part in this system. In EU nations SWIFT is also known as BIC or Bank Identification Code. When dealing with international transfers also be aware of IBAN or International Bank Account Number. IBAN (International Bank Account Number) appears in bank statements and the bank’s online systems. IBAN and BIC (Bank Identification Code ) contain your bank account number and sort code written in an internationally recognised format. All these numbers can make your wire transfers happen quickly and securely.

Internet and Mobile Association of India v. Reserve Bank of India

Statement of Facts

On 5th April,2018 Reserve Bank of India issued a press release raising the concern about the consumer protection from trade of virtual currencies. They were of the view that trading in virtual currency also referred as crypto currency are prone to hacking and therefore would lead to money laundering, terrorist activities, etc. In this view RBI asked the banks to not to deal with the transactions related to the trading of virtual currency.
The services which RBI directed the bank not to deal with were – maintaining the accounts, registering, trading, settling, clearing, giving loans against virtual currencies, accepting virtual currency as collateral, opening accounts of exchanges dealing with them and transfer of sale/purchase of virtual currencies.
The matter was challenged by Internet and Mobile Association of India. The Supreme Court of India allowed the petition on the ground of proportionality. Earlier in 2013 the Reserve Bank of India do issued a public caution to the traders and holders of virtual currency in context with the legal and security related risks associated with it.

Issues Raised

Whether the Reserve Bank of India had the jurisdiction to disallow the trade of virtual currency?
Whether the Respondent had the powers to regulate virtual currency as they were not equivalent to money or legal tender?
Whether the circular which was issued by the RBI was proportional?

Critical Analysis of the Case

A step in the right direction was taken by the Supreme Court of India, in the judgment of Internet and Mobile Association v. RBI. The court quashed the circular of the RBI that directed financial agencies to disocciate themselves from entities involved in virtual trading or transactions relating to VC’s. Some of the concerns that led to the issuance of circular include the anonymity of the transactions and the protection of investors when dealing in cryptocurrency. The major apprehension of the RBI was the inherent difficulty in tracking the source of money which has led to an increase in the number of cryptocurrency scams in the country. Still a very volatile technology, we have not had enough discussion around its shortcomings, leading to an adverse preference of this technology in the monetary circuit.

The Petitioner relied on the case of MS Gill v. Chief Election Commissioner, which led that there was an express prohibition of any authority to do anything which may improve its case. The contention of the petitioners rested on the premise that denial of banking services to those activities of trade recognized by law, would be extremely disproportionate, leading to the violation of extremely disproportionate, leading to a violation of Article 19(1)(g) of the Constitution. Therefore, an understanding of whether there was an infringement of this constitutional right was necessary and to this end, the court relied on the case of Md. Yasin v. Town Area Committee, which makes it amply clear that the right under article 19(1)(g) would be affecyted “In effect and in substance” when there is a complete stoppage of a particular business activity, owing to a certain measure that was undertaken. In Keshavlal Khemchand and Sons Pvt. Ltd. v. Union of India, the court pointed out that “Reserve Bank of India is an expert body to which the responsibility of monitoring the economic system of the contry is entrusted, under various enactments like the RBI Act, 1934, the Banking Regulation Act, 1949.”

The judgement of the court has started an effective discussion on lines that were never traversed before, and while that is indeed commendable, we need to look ahead and anticipate the potential risks on the economy. With that in mind, VC’s promise a more feasible future, especially in this era where people are connected through technology in ways previously unimaginable. Various stakeholders have posted many suggestions, particularly with regarding to creating a model that can monitor and regulate crypto currency, without bringing a blanket ban of the same, which ought to be considered by the government in the light of pending bill. What we need to do is find a balance and not discourage startups from adopting this technology, and if this is ignored, India could be handicapped from exploring opportunities that crypto currencies have to offer. Instead of shying away from addressing these concerns, we need to be proactive and have a structured policy in pace to assuage any potential concerns in the future.

Globalisation

Introduction

Globalisation is the process of international integration arising from the interchange of world views, products, ideas and other aspects of life. The vital element of globalisation is ‘worldwide interconnectedness’ that is created and sustained as a consequence of these constant flows. Globalisation is a multi-dimensional concept. It has political, economic and cultural manifestations and these must be adequately distinguished. The impact of globalisation is vastly uneven- it affects some societies more than others and some parts of some societies more than others and it is important to avoid drawing general conclusions about the impact of globalisation without paying sufficient attention to specific contexts.

Causes of Globalisation

There are many causes of it but technology affects it more than anything else. Invention of printing, integrated chip(IC), telephone, internet has revolutionized communication between people in different parts of the world.
Due to faster communication and transportation, ideas, commodities, capital move more easily to any part of the globe than ever. As people got the technology of better communication and transportation they recognise these mediums to connect rest of the world.
The Ebola virus is not confined to only African continent but it affects other nations too.
It has mainly 3 types of consequences:-
1. Political : Globalisation results in discomfort in functionality and working of government. The increased role of MNC all over the world leads to reduction in the capacity of govt. to take decisions on their own. But at the same time globalisation does not always reduce state capacity. The importance of state continues to be unchallenged basis of political community. Indeed in some manner state capacity has recieved a boost as a consequence of globalisation. Due to advancement in technology available in state, it can collect information about its citizens. With this information, the state is better governed. State becomes powerful than earlier due to emergence of new technology.
2. Economic : The economic globalisation involves greater economic flows or exchange of commodities among different countries of the world. The mention of economic globalisation draws our attention to the role of international institutions like IMF and WTO in determining economic policies across world. The restrictions imposed by different countries on capital across countries and allowing imports of other countries have been reduced. Capital across countries means that investors in prosperous countries can invest in other countries including developing countries where they might get good returns. There is less movement of people across the globe because developed countries have carefully guarded their borders with visa policies to ensure that citizens of other countries cannot take away the jobs of their own citizens.
3. Cultural : It refers to impact of globalisation in what we eat, wear, drink, watch and think. The cultural effect of globalisation poses a threat to different cultures in the world other than western culture. There is a cultural homegenisation which means rise of uniform culture, as we notice the popularity of American things like McDonald’s, Pizza, KFC, GOOGLE, blue jeans and hollywood movies has spreaded across the globe. This is dangerous not only for the poor countries but for the whole of humanity because it leads to the shrinkage or extinction of the rich cultural heritage of the entire globe. But cultural consequences of globalisation is not always negative as sometimes external culture influences simply enlarge our choices and sometimes they modify our culture without overwhelming the tradition. The Maggi is no substitute for noodles, therefore, does not pose any real challenge. Globalisation leads to each culture becoming more distinctive and different. This phenomenon is called Cultural Hetergenisation. Those who are concerned about social justice are worried about the extent of state withdrawal caused by process of economic globalisation. They point out that it is likely to benefit only a small section of population while impovershing those who were dependent on govt. for jobs and welfare. They have emphasised the need to ensure institutional safeguards to minimise the negative effects of globalisation on those who are economically weak. Many movements all over the world feel that safety nets are insufficient or unworkable. They have called for a stopping to forced economic globalisation, for its results would lead to economic ruin for the weaker countries, especially for the poor within these countries. Some economists have described economic globalisation as re-colonisation of the world. Advocates of economic globalisation argue that it generates greater economic growth and well-being for larger sections of population when there is de-regulation. Greater trade among countries allows each economy to do what it does best. This would benefit the whole world. They also argue that economic globalisation is inevitable.

India and Globalisation

From the colonial period, India became an exporter of primary goods and raw materials and a consumer of finished goods. After independence, because of the experience with British, we decided to make things ourselves rather than depending on others. We also decided not to allow others to export to us so that our own producers could learn to make things. This step generated its own problem. India had a fairly sluggish rate of economic growth (due to ignoring other sectors such as health, housing, etc.). In 1991, responding to a financial crisis and to the desire for higher rates of economic growth, India began programme of economic reforms that opened doors for trade and FDI.

India and Resistance to Globalisation

Resistance to globalisation in India has come from political parties as well as through forums like the Indian Social Forum. Trade Unions of industrial workforce as well as those representing farmers interests have organised protests against the entry of multinationals. The patenting of certain plants like Neem by American and European firms has also generated considerable opposition.

Billionaire Investor Rakesh Jhunjhunwala Plans Ultra-Low Cost Airline

Billionaire investor Rakesh Jhunjhunwala is planning on having 70 aircraft within four years for a new airline he wants to set up in India on optimism more people will travel by air.

Mr Jhunjhunwala, who is considering investing $35 million and would own 40% of the carrier, expects to get a no-objection certificate from India’s aviation ministry in the next 15 days, he said in a Bloomberg Television interview Wednesday.

The ultra-low cost airline will be called Akasa Air and the team, which includes a former senior executive of Delta Air Lines Inc., is looking at planes that can carry 180 passengers, he said.

It’s a bold bet by Mr Jhunjhunwala, who’s known locally as India’s Warren Buffett, in a market that has seen some airlines collapse in the face of intense fare wars and high costs. Still, what was once the world’s fastest-growing aviation market holds an allure and Jhunjhunwala is looking at opportunities to woo flyers with a brand new carrier offering low fares.

“For the culture of a company to be frugal you’ve to start off fresh,” Mr Jhunjhunwala said. “I’m very, very bullish on India’s aviation sector in terms of demand.”

Even before the pandemic, airlines in India were struggling. Kingfisher Airlines Ltd., once the country’s second-largest domestic carrier, ended operations in 2012, and Jet Airways India Ltd., which was recently approved to fly again, collapsed in 2019.

While demand for air travel has been hit globally, India’s aviation industry is at greater risk of delayed recovery as the threat of a third wave of infections looms. Airlines are feeling the impact.

Vistara, which Singapore Airlines Ltd. jointly owns with conglomerate Tata Group, is in discussions with Boeing Co. and Airbus SE to delay aircraft deliveries and make changes to the payment timetables. IndiGo, India’s largest airline, reported a wider-than-anticipated loss as Covid disruption crimped its revenue.

That’s not deterring Mr Jhunjhunwala, who according to Forbes has an estimated net worth of about $4.6 billion.

“I think some of the increment players may not recover,” he said. “I’ve got some of the best airline people in the world as my partners.”

Twitter will pay hackers to discover biases in its automated picture cropping after being accused of doing so.

Twitter is running a competition in the hopes of finding biases in its picture cropping algorithm, and the best teams will get cash awards (via Engadget). Twitter hopes that by allowing teams access to its code and picture cropping model, they will be able to identify ways in which the algorithm might be detrimental (for example, cropping in a way that stereotypes or erases the image’s topic).

Those that compete must submit a summary of their results as well as a dataset that can be put through the algorithm to show the problem. Twitter will then give points depending on the kind of damages discovered, the potential impact on people, and other factors.

The winner team will get $3,500, with $1,000 awards granted for the most creative and generalizable results. On Twitter, that figure has sparked some debate, with some people arguing that it should include an extra zero. For example, if you discovered a bug that allowed you to execute activities for someone else (such retweeting a tweet or picture) via cross-site scripting, Twitter’s standard bug bounty programme would pay you $2,940. You’d make $7,700 if you could find an OAuth flaw that allowed you to take over someone’s Twitter account.

Twitter had already conducted its own study into its image-cropping algorithm, publishing a paper in May that looked at how the system was biassed in the wake of claims that its preview crops were racist. Since then, Twitter has mainly abandoned algorithmically trimming previews, but it is still utilised on desktop, and a good cropping algorithm is a useful tool for a firm like Twitter.

Opening a competition allows Twitter to receive input from a much wider group of people. For example, the Twitter team had a meeting to discuss the competition, during which a team member stated that they were getting queries about caste-based biases in the algorithm, something that software developers in California may not be aware of.
Twitter is also searching for more than simply unintentional algorithmic bias. Both deliberate and unintended damages have point values on the scale. Unintentional harms are cropping behaviours that may be abused by someone publishing maliciously created photos, according to Twitter. Intentional harms are cropping behaviours that could be exploited by someone posting maliciously intended images.

The competition, according to Twitter’s announcement blog, is distinct from its bug bounty programme; if you submit a complaint regarding algorithmic biases to Twitter outside of the competition, your report will be closed and tagged as not applicable, the company warns. If you’re interested in participating, visit the competition’s HackerOne page to learn more about the rules, qualifications, and other details. Submissions are open until August 6th at 11:59 p.m. PT, and the challenge winners will be revealed on August 9th at the Def Con AI Village.

TYPES OF 3D PRINTING

3D PRINTING

3D printing is the process of producing a 3D object by the successive addition of layers one above the other. It is also called additive manufacturing. To know more about 3D printing, check out my article on 3D printing. There are seven different types and technologies involved in 3D printing.

TYPES OF 3D PRINTING

Sintering

Sintering is a technology where the material to be used for 3D printing is heated but not to the melting point. Metal powders are used for selective laser sintering whereas thermoplastic powders are used for direct laser metal sintering. Laser is used for fusing the layers of the final object. Each layer is formed and the laser traces the parts formed and fuses the next layer on the top until the complete object is made.

2. Melting Methods

The melting methods include

Power bed fusion – Uses a thermal source such as laser to melt the materials. The layers are fused and consolidated to form the object. It combines sintering and melting processes.

Electron beam melting – Uses a high-power electron beam that can generate heat to melt the material in the vacuum. It ensures no residue and a clean environment.

Direct energy deposition – Uses electric arcs or beams to melt the substrate material. It is used to add parts to the existing object.

3. Binder Jetting

Binder jetting is a method where the powdered material is deposited on the bed and adhesive is added to bind the particles to form one layer of the object. Sand, metals, and ceramics are the most commonly used materials. The process is repeated until the complete object is formed.

4. Fused Deposition Modeling

In this, the thermoplastic filament is heated to its melting point and shaped layer-by-layer to form a solid object. It is a cost-effective method where the material softens and sets in the shape and then becomes ready to add the next layer. It is also called material extrusion.

5. Material Jetting

It is similar to inkjet printing where the liquid material is jetted from the nozzle and a layer of the object is formed. After the layer solidifies, the next layer is added on the top. The layers are cured using UV rays for a smooth finish. It is the most expensive method in 3D printing.

6. Sheet Lamination

This process is made by superimposing the layers one above the other and then joining them using ultrasound for metals or adhesive for cardboards and plastic. Once the layers are combined, it is cut and refined to get the desired shape. This method is not widely used as the other methods. Ultrasonic Additive Manufacturing (UAM) and Laminated Object Manufacturing (LOM) are the two sub-types in this method.

7. VAT polymerization

It uses the method of photopolymerization where liquids are turned into solids by exposing UV light to them. It is one of the most commonly used 3D printing methods that include

Stereolithography – Stereolithography uses photopolymerization technique where a single point laser or UV beam is used to cure and solidify the object.

Digital light processing – It also creates objects from liquids like resin where the image of each layer is flashed onto the surface.

MALWAREBYTE APP

Malwarebytes, let’s start with the most important thing, security malwarebytes definitely has a lot of features to help you stay and safe. Malwarebytes has three types of scans.

HYPER SCAN

Which quickly looks through critical locations for various threats like, the system memory startup object thing like that.

THREAT SCAN

Which looks for unauthorized registry edits worms, trojan thing. By tested the threat scan with several viruses and malware bytes found all of them expect for one now that might sound bad but, it’s not that actually really good most antivirus don’t have perfect detection rates.

REAL TIME PROTECTION

The real time protection this offer four levels of simultaneous protection ransomware protection web protection exploit malware protection on real time protection. By tested the real time protection with a couple phising URLS and the web protection blocked all of them without the need for a browser extension.

When malwarebyte detect a threat it send a pop-up notification and tells you about the issue it also give you step to take to deal with the problem. Malwarebytes user interface is great.

Simple tactics for your homely gadgets to boost up

WAYS BY WHICH YOU CAN MAKE YOUR PC RELIABLE AND MULTI-FUNCTIONING ESPECIALLY YOUR LATEST VERSION OF WINDOWS 10

Laptops and computers are the favorable gadgets for remote places to work, entertain, play games and much more. Note a point that nearly 9 out of 10 people in every society and neighborhood own their piece of this tech all over the world. It helps you in many ways of business, entertainment, virtual meeting and much more utilities.

It can be a boon or bane depending on the purposes it is used and in this hectic world without a computer it is not an easy task to spend even a single minute as the life cycle has started running on this online and technology platform already. This may suit any professional or beginner working at home with your school or office projects.

As your every schedule is online from school till extra-curricular activities like dance, drawing etc. Imagine a situation in this pandemic without a PC on your own. You will have to hang out on mobiles but not all the work can be done simultaneously at once like a PC anyway. As it may lead to mental depression and frustration of delay in your task assigned that has to be completed beforehand.

Situations are similar like I’ve described above as at those occasions you have to wander for help to complete your work with someone else’s property.

It has become a necessity that as the system of life and roles of every position/job changes you have to cope up and adopt these items even if you are reluctant about it.

So, after working for long hours like humans, computers also slow down its speed of processing things. Generally in advance we encounter them often for our simultaneous tasks done at the same time. Hence there are some simple ways where you can make them active or energize them to regain their performance speed and generate outputs fer your inputs.

Let me list down some basic ways that help you out in opting/selecting a appropriate way to enhance your CPU or processor it its utmost fastness

Keep a track on upgrades for your PC for software or drivers

You might notice that your version of any feature/tool inside our gadget gets outdated often, so downloading recent releases of it helps it to run faster thus avoiding the arena of entering troubleshoots. Especially for Windows 10 you need to update versions here and there so it won’t disable automatically.

Just get the Start button on your left corner then choose the settings option available in the menu where you get a main page so there you can find Update & Security choice under that you can look out for your esteemed Windows updates where it automatically checks whether your PC needs to be updated or not.

If you are up to date leave it or install the categories you require by selecting them.

Use only the required ones and restart often

It is important that you refresh before you start working on it as it randomly speeds up by refreshing. Work only on the plugins that you need instead of starting every API in your computer that will make your system get hung or struck off. If you feel like your PC is not up to that efficient earlier restart several times until it gets back to the previous speed it was earlier.

Don’t let more files run in your background as it affects the functionality of the RAM and processor speed eventually. Still, you don’t find your issue solved, enter Troubleshoot settings under the type troubleshoot where the program diagnoses your troubles and receives your opinion to sort it out.

Optimize and enhance your space on disk

Hence if you don’t get resolved under the above criteria try to view the empty space on your computers, if is low free some spaces by uninstalling some contents that haven’t been used for years. Also optimize and clean your CPU or in-built CPU with some apps that totally stops its working. These temporary files are the prompt trouble makers so literally remove them totally by deleting or disabling them.

So, these are my own simple steps to make your personal PC or laptops run faster and flexible up to your requirement. These will really help you out as I have tried them multiple times under my supervision that give better results/ came out perfect.

If you know any way to customize so to reduce the load on your PC’s definitely you can. All these ways can also be used under the latest, advanced version (Windows 10) as it gave me a fruitful result again and again obviously.

Online Examination

Since pandemic , we have the seen and experienced struggles and difficulties in all fields of life. one of the biggest problem was caused for our Education System . the Education system has suffered a lot during this pandemic in terms of both, resources and mode of education and due to this online exams and online education has become a new norm in our life.

As soon as pandemic arrived , the pandemic affected every age group but especially students in each and every country. They were forced to take online classes. students had no other option but gradually it became a success too, student could learn there respective subjects from home by just clicking one link and enter the class. After seeing good amount of success and response in online classes, Online examination was the next thing to come.

Online examination is a very simple ,easy and cost-effective way to give exams from home using a laptop, desktop or mobile. students do not need to go schools during pandemic they can easily give there test and pass there respective standard or degree. nowadays almost all schools and Universities are organizing exams online because that is the best and only way to conduct examinations .But every thing in this world has its advantages and disadvantages and Online Exams too have its advantages and disadvantages.

Advantages of Online exams:-

It saves paper: In most of the online exams ,we do not require pages due to which we can save a lots of papers.

It saves more time :A lot of time is saved in online classes the result is given instantly after the exam instead of offline where a teacher will check it and the result will be declared after a month. it saves a lot of time.

3. it saves money: we do not require stationary items and other stuffs during online exams.

4. It saves the student’s money : Students don’t have to travel to a particular location to conduct the exam. So even for students from remote area’s it’s possible to take the exam. without facing any difficulties.

5. flexible and secure: it is very flexible and very secure. student feels comfortable with it.

Disadvantages of online Exams:-

Some of the disadvantages of online examinations are mentioned below.

Connectivity issue:

As the exam is executed online, it needs a good internet connection. The connection is not constant in some places. Hence, if connectivity loses, then there is a high chances of getting low marks due to netwok. A good internet connection is a must for online exams and most of the students have a poor internet connection.

Comfortability:

Not everyone is comfortable with online exams. some face many technical issues during test, some do not have a good typing speed and many other things .a nd there are some subjects where typing the answer does not works.

Online exams are being adopted by every school and college. it has some disadvantages( including many advantages) but we have no other clue or a way to deal the situation.it is also a veery new expereience for students who have always given the offline exams.

IOT (INTERNET OF THINGS)

The Internet of things (IoT) describes the network of physical objects that are embedded with sensors, software, and other technologies that is used for the purpose of connecting and exchanging data with other devices and systems over the internet.

One such example is smart phone. Without even human intervention it is possible to access things through IOT. It can easily transfer data over a network through Internet Protocol (IP) address.

HOW IT WORKS?

IOT is a web-enabled smart devices that use embedded systems to collect, send and act on data they receive. They collect it through an IOT gateway. They can also communicate with other related devices. The device does not need human-to-human or human-to-computer interaction. It also uses artificial intelligence to collect data .

WHY IS IT IMPORTANT?

In such a hectic and busy world IOT helps people by simplifying their lives. It provides businesses with a real-time look and offers smart devices to automate homes. It helps individual to gain complete control of their lives.

BENEFITS OF IOT:

IOT provides multiple benefits in business and multiple industries. Some include

Helps make better business decisions.
Saves time and money.
Helps generate more revenue.
It cuts down on waste and improves service delivery.
Easy accessibility.

CONS OF IOT:

Every coin has 2 sides. Likewise, it also comes with its own disadvantages.

If there’s a bug in the system, the device gets corrupted.
When the number of connected devices increases then the potential that a hacker could steal information also increases.
It’s difficult for devices from different manufacturers to communicate with each other

In this weird world where humans have no time for themselves, IOT place an important role in millions of people’s life. A new era has now entered our lives where a man is a slave of technology which is ironically developed the for making human’s work simpler and that’s what IOT exactly does.

Some Myths about Solar Energy

The sun is the source of the solar power which converts into other form of power for utilization .Today’s Solar Energy is the most popular & most needed renewable energy .But with its popularity here comes some myths which create misbelieve among people & prevent the consumption of solar energy in great dimension .There are some of the myths about solar energy are discussed below .

1. Manufacturing Energy of Solar Panels are Greater than Produced Energy by Solar Panels : It is a baseless conception about solar panels .National Renewable Energy Laboratory proved with their experiments that all types of solar panels pay back energy positively within 4 years .Retaliation Period for Mono- crystalline panels ,Poly-crystalline panels & Thin film panels are 2 years , 1-1.5 years & 1 year respectively .

2. Daily Maintenance is Necessary for Solar Panels : Solar panels loss only 5-10% efficiency without it’s cleaning maintenance .So it is not a necessary requirement .Only off grid solar panels need some maintenances in battery but not in majority .

3. Solar Panels will Wreck the Roof of House: The Roof-attached Solar panels are not attached to the roof directly .Solar panels are sited on a rack which is actually attached to the rooftop .So solar panels can’t harm a roof of the house.

4. Solar Power Systems are Costly : It is one of the popular misbelieve about solar energy .It was true at the innovation time of solar panels around 1970 but in recent days solar panels are not expensive compared to other technological innovation . For recent advanced technology ,solar system becomes reachable in cost .

5. Solar Panels are Invalid in Cloudy Days : It is the biggest wrong information about solar panels .People think that as solar panels use solar light & heat to generate current so rainy days are not suitable for absence of light & heat .In fact solar panels can generate current in cloudy days but in less amount than the sunny days for efficiency reduction . Minimum 10-25% of usual current can be produced in rainy days by panels .

6. Solar System Keeps Working Even at the Time of Power-cut : It is a misconception to think that solar systems are able to work if power goes out .For Grid-connected system ,it will be invalid to work & for Hybrid system ,they only able to work in daytime .Only when the solar battery storage are coupled with solar system ,it can work during outage

7. Warm Weather is Better for Solar Power Production : It is a conventional misapprehension among people that warm climate helps to generate much power .The actual fact is solar panel use sun light to produce power rather than heat .On the contrary ,high temperature reduced efficiency of solar system .

8. Solar Panels Don’t Work on Cold Climate : With advanced technology ,solar panels can induce energy in every types of climate even in snowy or cold days .In fact cold weather helps to increase efficiency of solar system .

9. Solar Panels , Which finished Their Life-time, are Environmentally Greave : It is a fallacy that time span finished solar panels is harmful for environment . The life time limitation for a solar panels are usually 25 years .The parts of solar systems can be recycled again for reuse after its lifetime .So in no way the parts of the solar system damage the nature .

10. Electric Bill will be Cheaper by the Installation of Solar System :

It is not actually true statement . The electric bill in fact depends on the way of using produced energy . Electric bill can be cheap by using produced excess energy or using electric appliances (which needed much electric) in less electricity using time (evening or night time).

There are more myths about solar energy other than these 10 — ~Heavy current loaded appliances are unable to run in Solar Energy . ~Solar panels are easily damageable by wind , birds . ~Installation of solar panel are complicated .

These are the usual myths .But one have to remember that these are all myths .These statements doesn’t hold the complete truth about solar energy .So we should search about the complete truth before believing these conceptions about solar power .

Google CEO Sundar Pichai’s view on former Amazon CEO Jeff Bezos flying into space

Google’s CEO Sundar Pichai admitted that he was “jealous” of the Blue Origin and Amazon founder Jeff Bezos for his July 20 space flight that would launch him, and his brother, Mark Bezos, into the edge of the space. Bezos is expected to fly approximately 100 kilometres or 328,000 feet to the Kármán Line on New Shepard on the day that marks NASA’s Apollo moon landing anniversary.

Speaking about Bezos’ 11-minute trip to space, Google’s CEO Pichai told BBC in a televised interview, “Well, I’m jealous, a bit,” adding that he would love to look at Earth from space. He then went on to describe his views on AI, saying that it is the most profound technology that humanity has developed.

the interview, Pichai talked about a varied range of things. When asked when was the last time he cried, he said: “Seeing the morgue trucks parked around the world during COVID. And seeing what’s happened in India over the past month.”

Meanwhile, British billionaire Richard Branson on last Sunday soared more than 50 miles above the New Mexico desert aboard his Virgin Galactic rocket plane and safely returned in the vehicle’s first fully crewed test flight to space, a symbolic milestone for a venture he started 17 years ago.

Founder of virgin group mr Richard Branson.

launch of the VSS Unity passenger rocket plane marked the company’s 22nd test flight of its SpaceShipTwo system, and its fourth crewed mission beyond Earth’s atmosphere. It was also the first to carry a full complement of space travelers – two pilots and four “mission specialists,” Branson among them.Heralding a new space tourism era, Branson reached space with three employees, including one of Indian-origin, leaving Jeff Bezos to follow his route on July 20. Bezos has been planning to fly aboard his own suborbital rocketship, the New Shepard, later this month.

5 plants of Biofuel Production

What Is Bio fuel : Bio fuel is a liquid type of fuel derived from plant ,grass ,crop & other biological ,agricultural waste product .

Production plants: There are some plants which is used to produce this bio fuel —- Bio ethanol from Corn ; Bio diesel from Canola ; Bio ethanol from sugarcane ;Palm oil (acting as bio diesel ) from Palm (Elaeis Guineensis) ; Bio diesel from Jetropha ; Soy Bio diesel from soybean (Glycine max), Bio diesel from cotton seed or sunflower seed ;Bio ethanol from wheat (Triticum aestivum) ;Bio ethanol from Switch grass (Panicum virgatum) ; Bio diesel (CNSL or Cashew Nut Shell Oil ) from Cashew shell (Anacardium occidentale) .

Palma africana [African oil palm] (Elaeis guineensis) | Flickr — Palm (*Elaeis Guineensis)*

Panicum virgatum | Although cultivated as an ornamental, Pan… | Flickr — Switch grass *(Panicum virgatum)*

File:CSIRO ScienceImage 4689 Soya bean crop ColeamballyNSW.jpg - Wikimedia Commons — soybean *(Glycine max)*

Triticum aestivum | Cultivated wheat is most commonly grown … | Flickr — wheat (*Triticum* *aestivum*)

Significance: 1) Bio fuels contain very low amount of carbon .That’s why the production amount of Carbon dioxide & Carbon monoxide become low .The chances of environment harm reduces . 2) Bio fuels are very good replacement of fossil fuel ,crude oil ,natural gas as fossil fuels are in very demand & low in amount . 3) As bio fuel are a better replacement for carbon containing fossil fuels they helps to prevent the pollution. Sometime they are mixed with gasoline to act as an engine oil.

4) Bio fuel are renewable energy .So there are no threat for finishing up of these type of sources .

Scientists study ways to integrate biofuels and food crops… | Flickr — Environment friendly biofuels

Categories: There are 2 types of bio fuel . 1)Bio Alcohol — Ethanol, which is produced by the fomentation of the starch compound of yeast and bacteria. 2)Biodiesel — Produced from animal fats and plant oils.

Some of the bio fuel plants are discussed below ————

1.Jatropha: Scientific name : Jatropha curcas It is very poisonous tree. Cultivating jatropha is economically benefiting for rural farmers as it has the bio fuel producing value. Moreover jatropha can grow very quickly & live for 50 years long. They need less amount of water for cultivating. Jatropha seeds contain 40% Oil. India is the largest country for producing this plant. Bio fuel is extracted from seeds and the remaining part of these plants are used as a biomass fuel.

Jatropha raw & ripe fruit (Which is used for producing Biofuel)

2.Sugar cane: Scientific Name : Saccharum officinarum Bio ethanol are produced from sugar cane . In Brazil it is cheaper than gasoline and is produced in a lot of amount. The juice of Sugarcane plant has lots of sugar which gives lot of energy and the reduced part is a inflammable product used in cooking. Production cost of bio ethanol by reaction process is costly than production cost of bio ethanol from sugar cane.

3.Rapeseed or Canola: Scientific name : Brassica napus Canola is a type of rapeseed . From ancient time it is used as a cooking oil for containing low amount of erucid acid and is good for human body. In cold environments, biodiesels tend to convert in crystals because of saturated fat which is not good for combustion engines of vehicles. In this case canola has low saturated fat and is able to work in cold climates. Canola is high in oil contain and low in saturated fats. Produced bio diesel have very low amount of Carbon so the production of Carbon monoxide by burning is low .

4.Corn: Scientific name : Zea mays It is the major crops in the world, which produce ethanol. Produced ethanol is used in car engine along with gasoline. The kernels of corn are smashed into dust then it’s mixed with water to made a dough which is fermented by yeast to produce ethanol. Produced bio ethanol emits less carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxide and Sulphur after burning. The body part cannot be used in the production of biodiesel rather it is used as a cooking mass for containing cellulose. This bio ethanol helps to reduce the smog.

5.Sunflower: Scientific name : Helianthus annuus L. This flower name comes from facing the sun every time. The seeds of sunflower are edible, delicious and good for health. As you all know Edible cooking oil are produced from sunflower. The biodiesel is produced from seeds which have lots of oil & the remaining plant parts are used as a biomass to produce bio fuel. Its plantation of sunflower helps the farmer economically as it has food production value & bio fuel production value .

Happy Flowers | Pacific Biodiesel Technologies sunflower fie… | Flickr — sunflower plant

Sunflower | Another sunflower from last week. | Stig Nygaard | Flickr — Sunflower

Sunflower seed kernels and whole seeds with sunflower flow… | Flickr — sunflower seed

Sunflower oil is with the flowers of sunflower and grain o… | Flickr — sunflower oil

ENGAGING CONTENT WRITING TIPS ON AFFILIATE MARKETING

People who are flourishing as an industrialist thinks of a way to grow their business. The best way is to look for an alternate income. An alternate income doesn’t mean starting a new business but, a way of finding customers and supporters.

The best way to earn money is affiliate marketing. If you don’t have an idea on affiliate marketing, have one now. With affiliate marketing, the customer buys the product, the company gets a new customer and the affiliate also gets a commission. Marketing products is an effective way to increase product sales.

So, the content you provide must be engaging that the readers can read and get clarified with their doubts. Here are some tips to write engaging content for affiliate marketing.

10 TIPS TO WRITE ENGAGING CONTENT FOR AFFILIATE MARKETING:

1. UNDERSTAND THE CONCEPT:

Affiliate marketing is a marketing strategy that makes the product owner earn money by letting on third persons sell or promote their products. The third person is an affiliate. An affiliate promotes the products through blogs, articles, social media platforms, and other possible ways. An affiliate finds the product he likes, promoting it to others, and earns commission by selling it.

Here, this is the basic concept of affiliate marketing. Understanding the concept and using your own words to write the article. Understanding is the basic step in writing engaging content. Without understanding, you can’t write a reader-friendly article.

2. DO RESEARCH:

For writing an article, you should do research and make notes of the key points you searched. Use advanced search options and avoid the sites with mistakes. The information you gather through research should be reliable.

The quality of your content relies on the research make. You should do extensive research and follow the content path.

3. INVOLVE PUBLIC OPINION:

One should know people’s feedback on a product and need to know what they feel about the product. Keep yourself in their shoes and note the pros and cons of a product. An affiliate should gain trust by making people satisfied with the product. By doing so, the people will feel the product you recommend will be trustworthy.

A writer should include a public opinion on the product and write content based on those opinions. A reader should think the writer cleared all their doubts and queries about the product. The content you write should answer the questions which people search for.

4. ADD RELATED DATA:

Adding data to content makes readers interested in your article and will read it. Add data and statistics related to the product. Data can be attracted more by people than a word or sentence. Data and statistics have a sight of attraction towards the people. Try to add data related to the product and make the content engaging and reader-friendly.

15 Best Affiliate Marketing Networks in India in 2021

5. USE SIMPLE KEYWORDS:

Always remember Search Engine Optimization (SEO) and keyword search play an important role in affiliate marketing. It is not enough just to publish your content on an affiliate website but should also increase web traffic.

You should know the basics of SEO and keyword search which help in increasing web traffic. One must know what keywords people would search for a related topic and use those keywords. Understand how the keyword you use intends the keyword search and analyze it.

For example, A person searches for “How to start a vlog” for content you want to create. A vlog means a video log or video blog where people post their short videos. What the person’s intent behind the search will induce the direction of your article. Whether the person wants to start an individual vlog? Or he wants to know the steps in the vlog? This will lead to a search accordingly.

One fine idea is to search for the keyword yourself in the search engine and get to know more about it. Use anchor phrases that are not wordy or spammy.

6. DRAFT QUALITY CONTENT:

As we know, content marketing is one of the best ways to advertise a product. Write more simply so that people can understand your thoughts easily. The quality of the content lies in its originality. Try to use your own words to draft it. The content you provide must answer the question “how to” because people search for the sample or product review before buying it. So, your content must clear all the doubts and queries of the reader.

Focus on the main theme of the content. The content you provide must be trustworthy and should be reader-friendly. Writing the content with good English and using simple keywords can make the content engaging. The content you draft must be unique that express your company’s personality.

7. ADD PROPER AFFILIATE LINK:

Affiliate links help in increasing the online performance of an industrialist. If you want to add some affiliate link, take some time and research it properly. Because affiliate marketing is based on the concept of sharing and publish online platforms.

The content you write must attract the target audience. Furnishing high-quality content will help you to attract the target audience which involves the adding of proper affiliate links. Provide some information about the affiliate link you provide.

For example. High ticket affiliate marketing will be the best one for a beginner affiliate. It is a program that provides commission per referral. This high ticket affiliate marketing will allow you to earn more without any effort from your side. Provide some information about the affiliate link you provide. Promoting high ticket affiliate products is one of the most profitable affiliate programs nowadays.

8. USE SIMPLE ENGLISH AND SHORT PARAGRAPH:

The content you draft must not be too wordy.

Use simple English to draft the content and make it reader-friendly.
Avoid the use of passive voice, use active voice instead.
Avoid overuse of prepositions.
Use contradictable words or sentences.
Use a shorter paragraph than a longer one. Because people will like it when it’s simple and understandable. Using longer paragraphs may irritate the readers to finish it.

9. BE SINCERE:

Be sincere while writing the content. Don’t make up a story that people will buy your product. When you are true, people will always buy the product you recommend. So, give your true research ideas and visual treat. If you find any fault in the product you recommend mention it in your article.

Give the positive as well as the negative feedback of the product. In this way, people will feel your article trustworthy. If the article only has positive views and no negative views, it will make people not trust your article. So, be true to the people and yourself.

10. PROOFREADING:

Proofreading is a way to correct the errors in the article you drafted. The article may have grammatical errors, punctuation errors, etc. So, take proofreading seriously while writing an article. Proofreading is important because, if the article you drafted is published online and contains some errors, it will influence your career.

Proofread your content with the help of some error-checking tools such as Grammarly etc. Check your content before publishing it. It is important to produce an article without any errors in it.

These are some tips to write engaging content for affiliate marketing. However, affiliate marketing is the best way to earn money without any effort. Just follow the tips and make your content engaging. Then what are you waiting for? Start writing your content soon. Affiliate marketing is a money-making side in which its price will rise to $16 billion in 2021.

10 Daily Items the Apple Air tag can track.

Keys

Everyone misplaces their keys from time to time. AirTags are the perfect tracking device for lost keys especially using the official keyring accessory that apple is selling in their store would be a great choice. Keyrings aren’t cheap, of course. An Apple leather key ring costs $35.

Gadget Cases

Whether you have a camera, a gaming console or a Kindle, you can insert an AirTag into any gadget’s case. If you have an Apple laptop, it’s already got Find My, so you can track that, but if the battery runs out, or if it’s shut off, an AirTag may help you find it. AirTag batteries last about a year.

Backpack

You can also put an Air Tag in a backpack’s inside pocket or a loop holder.

Luggage

If you travel often, you can simply place the AirTag along with your clothes in your luggage as well because lost luggage can be a real headache. However, bear in mind that you can only use 16 AirTags with a single Apple ID, so if you want to protect luggage for your entire family, plus keys, purses, etc., you may need to share the AirTags among the Apple IDs in your family.

An Umbrella

Afraid of losing your favourite Umbrella? An airtag can help you keep a track of it.

Wallet

Due to its small size, an AirTag can easily fit in your wallet. AirTag may be a bit thick as the thickness is around 8mm. To have an idea of what 8mm is, it’s about the thickness of an iPhone 11 or 12.

A remote

You can tape an AirTag to a remote that you lose often, but it would be a bit clunky; remember, it’s 8mm thick. It’s a shame that the new Siri remote, for the Apple TV, doesn’t use Find My. (Meanwhile, Apple’s rival Roku just released its Voice Remote Pro which has remote-finder functionality.

Musical instrument cases

Similar to luggage and other items you carry around, if you’re a musician, it’s a great idea to stick one in your instrument case. In most cases, you’ll be able to hide the AirTag, and if it goes missing, or anyone just stole it you’ll really be grateful to be able to track it down, especially if you have a gig about to start soon.

Your child’s favourite toy

Everyone with young children knows that kids have favourite toys, often stuffed animals, and it’s easy to misplace them or leave them behind when you’re out. Slip one inside the toy, stitch it up, and you might save some tears. It will be a good option to use these tags.

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HOW IT WORKS?

WHY IS IT IMPORTANT?

BENEFITS OF IOT:

CONS OF IOT:

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