HOW TO CHOOSE MOST APPROPRIATE ANTIBACTERIAL CHEMOTHERAPY?

Choosing an antibacterial drug therapy can depend on various factors which are mentioned below:

BACTERIOSTATIC V/S BACTERICIDAL
Antibacterial chemotherapeutic agents can be categorized as bacteriostatic and bactericidal on the basis of their interaction with the targeted bacterial pathogens.
Bacteriostatic drugs work by inhibiting the growth of specific bacteria. Static drugs work by reversibly inhibiting the growth i.e. if the agent (drug) is removed or if its effect if over, the microorganism will get recovered and will grow again causing the same infection again.
Bactericidal drugs work by directly killing the target bacteria from the location. Cidal drugs may act as static drugs at low concenteration.

Use of any drug also depends on the immune system of the host because static drug does not completely eliminate the target bacteria. For patients with strong immune system, either static or cidal drugs can be used for curing infection while in case of immunocompromised individual, only cidal drugs are essentially required for complete removal of the bacterial infections.

SPECTRUM OF ACTIVITY
On the basis of their range or spectrum of activity, the chemotherapeutic agents can be broadly categorized into 5 different categories:

Narrow spectrum antibiotics are only active against less no. of microorganisms. They target only a specific strains of bacterial pathogens, especially gram positive bacteria.
Moderate spectrum antibiotics target most of the gram positive bacterial pathogens as well as most systemic, enteric and urinary tract gram negative bacterial pathogens.
Narrow and moderate spectrum antibiotics are known to cover all the β-lactam antibiotics which can effectively work against gram positive and negative bacteria. Some members of this classification are only effective against gram negative while others can also kill gram positive bacteria.
Broad spectrum antibiotics, as the name suggests targets a broad range of bacterial pathogens which includes almost all the prokaryotic organisms except mycobacteria and pseudomonas. They are also effective against polymicrobic infections (mixed infections caused by multiple bacterial species). It is used when other spectrum antibiotics fail to treat infections due to drug resistance. There is a risk of superinfection while using broad spectrum antibiotics.
Anti-mycobacterial antibiotics are only effective against mycobacterial strains of pathogenic bacteria.

DOSAGE AND ROUTE OF ADMINISTRATION
• Dosage –
The minimum or maximum amount of drug that a patient is given is the dosage of the drug. The dosage of the particular drug needs to be determined carefully to ensure that the optimum level of that particular drug is achieved at the site of infection for the elimination of the infection without causing any toxic side effects. Therefore, the selection and standardization of dosage of a particular drug is done so that it has the minimum side effect.
• Route of administration –
It can be defined as the method by which a drug is introduced in the patient’s body. There are different ways of administration of a drug. The most preferred drugs are the one that can be administered orally because it is easier for the patients to take them even at their home without visiting the health care professionals again and again. However, it is observed that not all drugs can be absorbed from the gastro intestinal tract. E.g. Bacitracin, Polymyxin and many antifungals. These drugs may be available to the patients in the form of topical preparations so that they can be applied for the treatment of superficial skin infections.
The another condition arises when a patient is unable to take oral drug initially due to some illness like vomiting. In that condition, the drug is preferably administered through parenteral route i.e. intramuscular or intravenous injections. In general, for most of the drugs, the drug levels in plasma introduced via intravenous is higher than that of oral or intramuscular route.

POTENTIAL FOR SIDE EFFECTS
The adverse effects which are seen in the patient’s body after administration of any drug can be classified into 3 main types:

PHARMACOLOGICAL SIDE EFFECTS
These are the toxic side effects which the drug shows by damaging the infected or even healthy cells by the production of some toxic chemicals on cell surface or their interior.
ALLERGIC SIDE EFFECTS
Some drugs show the allergic reactions in the patient’s body which is due to the antigen-antibody reaction which in turn effects other cells and show some allergy.
BIOLOGICAL TYPE SIDE EFFECTS
This type of side effect is worst and it involves interference of the drug with the normal microflora of the body which is followed by either local chemical damage or superinfection.

POTENTIAL INTERACTION BETWEEN DRUGS
Most of the time, antibiotics are administered in the patient’s body as a single agent but many time it becomes necessary to take two or more drugs at a time. So, different drugs administered at a single time show some interaction among them.
The interaction may be positive or negative.
Sometimes, a synergistic or positive interaction is shown by two antibiotics when they are administered together. Some drugs show bactiostatic effect when used as a single agent but are able to show bactericidal effect when combined with other antibiotic.
On the other hand, some drugs when used together show negative effect or antagonistic effect. Antagonism can occur between two antimicrobial or between one antimicrobial and one non-antimicrobial. The antagonistic interactions thus cause toxic side effects, loss of drug activity, decreased effect of drug at the site of infection. For e.g. Penicillin and bacteriostatic drugs are antagonists of each other.

Argentina ex-president Macri charged with espionage on 400 journalists

Argentina’s Federal Intelligence Agency (AFI) has called for an investigation into former president Mauricio Macri that he has spied on more than 400 journalists, and officials have released a document they say is evidence of the claim.

Dozens of foreign journalists, including several representing AFP, appeared on a list of people to be investigated in relation to the G20 and World Trade Organization (WTO) summits held in Buenos Aires in recent years.The complaint was lodged on Friday and the evidences were expected to be presented on Monday.

Around 100 academics, business people and prominent figures from civil society also appeared on the list.Ten of those listed were staffers or freelancers who worked for The Associated Press. Also listed were journalists for international media such as Reuters, Bloomberg, AFP and CNN.
The documents relating to the case were found in three dossiers named “2017”, “G20 Journalists” and “Miscellaneous”, in a safe in the office of the AFI’s former director of counterintelligence. Buenos Aires hosted the 11th WTO Ministerial Conference in 2017 and the 13th G20 Summit a year later.

“The investigation into the journalists was straightforward. They dug up information from social media and that way built an ideological and political profile,” said the source.

The complaint was lodged by Cristina Caamano, who has been tasked by center-left President Alberto Fernandez to carry out an audit of AFI as part of a reorganization process.

According to the complaint, the profile information included “political preferences, social media posts, sympathy for feminist groups, or political and/or cultural content among others.” The comments included whether or not “they were critical of the current government” of Macri, who held office from 2015-2019.

Other comments referred to “showing affinity for Peronism,” Fernandez’s political movement that was in opposition at the time, “supporting the government,” “asking on Facebook for the liberation of Lula,” the jailed leftist former Brazilian president who has since been released, or if they “signed a petition for legalized abortion.”

Caamano has asked for an investigation to be opened against Gustavo Arribas, the former AFI director, and his deputy Silvina Majdalani, as well as Macri as the person “responsible for setting strategic guidelines and the objectives of national intelligence policy.”

The complaint states that the background checks on journalists were “neither ordered nor authorized by any magistrate.” The foreign correspondents association hit out at Macri for the “inadmissible” investigations, while two Argentine press unions also blasted the former administration.

The dossier relating to the WTO conference was more exhaustive and included information on business people, trade unionists and social leaders, listing personal details such as salaries and wealth.

It’s not the first time Macri has been investigated for alleged spying. He is currently under investigation for spying during his presidency on political allies and opponents, including former president Cristina Kirchner and Buenos Aires mayor Horacio Rodriguez Larreta. He was also prosecuted for spying while mayor of Buenos Aires, a post he held from 2007-2015, but that case was dismissed two weeks after he assumed the presidency.

Legal authorities have opened numerous investigations into alleged corruption involving former President Cristina Fernández, who is now vice president. Those have been stalled in part by difficulties in holding hearings under pandemic restrictions.

PLASTIC AND MARINE LIFE!

For the past few decades, plastic has been an integral part of our lifestyle, from furniture to polybags. The use is not limited till here, but plastic is also used in making equipment, vehicle parts, and much more. However, plastics are likely to harm and cause destruction, the use is limited as it has caused severe harm to the undersea biodiversity. According to estimates, people around the world throw away almost four million tons of garbage every day, of which 12.8% is plastic, contaminating land, air, and water. The studies reveal that around 12.7 million tonnes of plastic waste is washed into the ocean every year.

https://www.pinterest.ca/pin/327144360428505418

How plastic is a threat to marine life?
Thousands of turtles, sea birds, fishes, and other marine animals are killed every year. If the plastic pollution continues to grow, till 2050 there will be more plastic than fish beneath the water.

The phrase ‘Machli Jal ki Rani Hai’ will fade away if the plastic pollution continues resulting in the extinction of marine life. If plastic gets ingested by fishes, the toxins of plastic are entered into the food chain. Even if the fish don’t die after consuming plastic their presence on our plate is a sign of danger resulting in cancers, immune system problems, and many more health issues.
We love animals, that doesn’t mean just land animals! California, the first state to pass a statewide ban on plastic straws. In 2019, Assembly Bill 1884 was enacted by former California Gov. Jerry Brown; it prohibits sit-down eateries from automatically providing customers with plastic straws and can only be given upon request. Banning straws alone will not save our oceans as plastic straws consist of a very small percentage but at least that initiative was taken and is appreciable. Like every single drop can fill up the ocean, likewise, every small effort can bring a difference.

Face masks and safety equipment polluting seas!
“We’ve seen how glove and face mask litter in the ocean has increased considerably. Please, dispose of these items properly if you want the oceans to stay clean,” said Carmen Soto Barrera, a professional fisher in Spain’s Canary Islands, in a social media plea in late May. In the US, Maria Algarra in Miami noticed a growing number of gloves lining the street of her community. In a five-block walk around her house, she collected 52 gloves. To raise awareness about the problem, she created the #TheGloveChallenge on Instagram. Hundreds of people, from all corners of the globe, posted more than 1,000 snapshots of discarded gloves on the streets. https://www.aa.com.tr/en/environment/face-masks-latex-gloves-begin-to-trickle-into-seas/18682
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Throwing masks in the streets, the train water will make these flow towards the river. Again this issue will affect marine life. Here as nature is healing itself after lockdown, we humans are still ruining everything just by being at residence. Though there have been no studies on what a PPE kit can harm to the marine.

India pledges to win against plastic pollution by 2020!
https://www.thebetterindia.com/144223/news-india-pledge-beat-plastic-pollution-2020-5-steps-fast-tracking-process/
Clean up drives across various public places, and many such initiatives taken by our government.

Offices in Kerala switched to steel utensils reducing the use of plastics.
Fishermen not just find fish but remove stuck plastics in nets.
Sikkim banned packed drinking water in 2016.
Using plastics for road surfacing, by Professor Rajagopalan Vasudevan.
Recent proposal to introduce plastic currency to upcycling plastic waste by the
government.

RESPONSIBLE CITIZENS OF A RESPONSIBLE NATION!

Endless blues: World’s Ocean Day.

What is it About?

World Oceans Day is a worldwide initiative by the United Nations to spread knowledge and awareness about the vast expanse of oceans on Earth. It is based on the idea of preserving the infinite number of life forms and coral reefs that are a part of the ocean and being aware of how human actions can harm their natural habitat. The principal focus of this initiative is to bring the oceans at the forefront of global environmental discussions, and plan and execute a sustainable method to save our oceans and the planet at large.

When is World Oceans Day?

We celebrate World Oceans Day on June 8, and a lot of activities at global, national and community levels are organised worldwide to observe this event.

What is the History of World Ocean Day?

World Oceans Day was first proposed by Canada’s International Centre for Ocean Development and the Ocean Institute of Canada in 1992, at the Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro. Since 2002, the World Ocean Network has been instrumental in garnering support and organising worldwide activities on June 8. A huge network of more than 2000 organisations worldwide are invested in making sure that the ocean is protected from any damage due to technology or other human actions.

Why is World Oceans Day Important?

The composition, temperature, currents and life in the oceans drive every natural system that makes Earth habitable for humankind. Even the balance of oxygen that we breathe is primarily dependent on the ocean. The health of our oceans has become a matter of grave concern, due to the damage they have endured.

Dedicating a particular day to this cause not only helps in spreading awareness among people, but also in mobilising conscientious civic and political efforts towards addressing this global problem. Though spending just one day celebrating the oceans is not enough to bring about the changes required to conserve marine ecology, it works wonders as a starting point for people, especially young minds, to come together to take action against any damage done to ocean.

Other Important Facts About World Oceans Day

Knowing about World Oceans Day is not enough for your children to be able to grasp the whole concept of how important the ocean is for human survival. To encourage your children to celebrate our oceans and strive to make a difference, you could share some fun facts on World Oceans Day and how important the oceans are:

• 97% of Earth’s water is in the oceans, which is home to more than 200, 000 known species and millions of unidentified organisms.

• The oceans purify the air we breathe by absorbing 30% of the carbon dioxide in the air, which also helps in reducing the effects of global warming and climate change.

• Oceans are the world’s largest source of protein, and more than 2.6 billion people depend on the oceans as their primary source of protein.

• 40% of the oceans of the world are today affected by human actions causing pollution, depletion of fisheries, loss of coral reefs and endangerment of marine species. Seven out of the 13 great whale species are endangered today.

•13, 000, 000 tonnes of plastic leak into the ocean water each year. It has been predicted that there will be more plastic than fish in the ocean by 2050. Over 100, 000 marine wildlife animals are killed each year due to plastic contamination of the oceans.

• Each year a new theme is assigned to this day to cover different aspects of marine life and human dependency on oceans. In 2020, the celebratory theme on World Oceans Day is “Gender and The Ocean”, which emphasises the harm that gender disparity can bring to our oceans.

• The President of UN General Assembly has launched a global campaign “Play It Out”, against the use of plastic.

• Marine Protected Areas have been chalked out as an initiative to protect the oceans from illegal fishing.

• Jellyfish as a species is older than dinosaurs and has been on this earth for more than 650, 000 years.

• 75% of the world’s volcanoes are located under the Pacific Ocean around Ring of Fire, the largest zone of active volcanoes.

World Ocean Days Activities for Kids

It doesn’t matter how small their hands are, children can drive this movement and even inspire adults to participate. Here are a few activities that your kids can organise on World Oceans Day:

Clean-up Drive

Invite all the children in the neighbourhood to the beach or any water body close by to clean the area. This will help them to understand how much litter ends up in the oceans through different waterways polluting the habitat of marine life.

Ocean Themed Programme

An ocean theme-based arts and crafts competition can attract a lot of attention from children of all ages. You can engage kids in a drawing competition and then display their creative works. You can even inspire a few young writers to submit stories and poems based on marine life.

Ocean Hunt

Treasure hunts are an intriguing way to engage children. Keeping the spirit of World Oceans Day, you can organise an ocean hunt by creating puzzles around facts from the oceanic world, leading to prizes like ornaments made out of sea-shells, passes to any nearby aquarium, books with interesting facts about the ocean, etc.

Storytelling Competition

It is safe to say that all kids love stories, especially when they get to be the judge of who is the best storyteller. Engage the adults around and encourage them to bring in their theatrical talents to entice the kids with amazing storytelling skills. You can always use the sounds of the waves or wild animals from the ocean to enhance your performance.

5.Let the Kids Instruct

No child will say no to an opportunity to give some sound advice to his/her parents. Ask the children to make a list of human actions that harm our oceans and come up with instructional ideas to preserve them. Organise a session with all the adults, where the kids present their points of view on how to keep our oceans and planet safe.

History behind World brain Tumor day:June 8

June 8 2020 is also observed as World Brain Tumor Day apart from World Ocean Day which was intiated by a non profit organization in Germany called Deutsche Hirntumorhilfe in German.

They are providing facilities for scientists and health professionals to develop efficient treatment of Brain tumor. They also provide support to the Brain tumor patients and their families.

Apart from the tribute given, This day is also observed as international day to provide awareness about the disorder and spread information on it.

A Tumor is basically the abnormal growth of cells. This can be broadly decided into two Benign (non-cancerous) and Malignant (cancerous). Malignant tumor can be again divided into primary originating from Brain Or spine where as secondary are those cancer that spread from elsewhere in the body to the Brain. This secondary is more common than primary.

Causes and major risk factors:

The exact cause of brain cancer is unknown. However, factors that can increase your risk of brain cancer include exposure to high doses of ionizing radiation and a family history of brain cancer.

Cancer in other part of the body is also a risk factor. Major cancers that spread to Brain are:

Lung cancer
Breast cancer
Kidney cancer
Bladder cancer
Melanoma

Other factors are:

increased age
long-term smoking
exposure to pesticides, herbicides, and fertilizer
working with elements that can cause cancer, such as lead, plastic, rubber, petroleum, and some textiles
having an Epstein-Barr virus infection, or mononucleosis

Symptoms

Symptoms that arises due to increased pressure inside the skull. They are:

Severe head ache associated with nausea and vomiting, blurring or dimmed vision, excessive sleepiness, loss of memory, seizures.

Symptoms that are arise due to location of tumor. They are:

Weakiness of one side of body, hearing loss, visual blindness, facial deviation, slurring of speech.

Diagnosis method

CT scan or MRI scanning of the brain. Further diagnosis can be done by PET scan or angiography.

Treatment

Surgery is the main treatment. Modern micro surgical methods and aids such as neuro navigation and intra op imaging have made surgery safe and effective.

Other modalities such as Gamma knife/stereotaxis radiosurgery, radiation therapy and chemotherapy may be used alone or in combination

Prognosis

Brain tumor is considered as incurable disease but if given proper treatment it gives good outcome and patients are able to go to their normal lives.

Conclusion

Brain tumor can give good outcome when diagnosed and treated early. It may lead to severe mental, physical and financial burden to the patient and family. One should consult the best doctor and get adequate treatment. More public awareness need to be given to reduce panic.

Why are cats the best pets in the world?

To start off the appearance of cats are much attractive than any other pets, they are less likely to cause trouble and they are less expensive as Compared to the other pets and also require less maintenance. If you have kids the best option to have a pet would be a cat as they show love and affection towards the People and also sleep alot. They are also very joyful and always in a playful mood. Also to keep in mind the life expectancy of pets, humans tend to get attached to their pets and in the case of cats when one gets attached they hope that the pet lives on to the very next level with them and the life expectancy of cats tends to be 15 years. Also keeping in mind that it is easy to Control cats as Compared to any other pets. Cats also tend to develop the same emotional relationship with the owner as the owner has with the per according to a recent study. It is also said that if you set your cat on a loose somewhere far those pets still return to us this shows their love, affection, attachment and loyalty of cats. It is easy to travel with a pet cat and or move anywhere in the neighborhood as they are non violent, easy to handle and supportive. They tend to adopt to the environment and are less likely to misbehave. It has been proven that playing with a cat on a regular basis reduces the threat of heart stroke and reduces depression and anxiety among kids. They also sleep for 12 to 16 hours a day,which means when they are awake they are absolutely active and playful. Cats are the best of the option to choose when starting a family or when you have children around the corner.

All you need to know about Cyberbullying ( and how to prevent it)

Cyberbullying, also known as cyberharassment, which happens using electronic means. It is also known as online bullying. It has become increasingly prevalent nowadays, especially among adolescents, as technology had advanced and the digital sphere has broadened. Cyber bullying occur on platforms like social media, chat rooms, and gaming sites where people can see and participate in sharing of content.

Cyber bullying is said to be happen, when someone bullies or harasses others on the internet and other digital spaces, usually on social media sites.

Cyber bullying behaviour involves posting threats, rumors, hateful comments on online platforms/apps, or via SMS or messaging in order to cause humiliation to other users. It includes posting, sending or sharing negative, Unpleasant or false information about an individual for causing humiliation and character assassination. It also involves posting threats, a victim’s personal information, hate speech or sexual remarks to someone on the internet.

Types of Cyber Bullying

An awareness of the different types of Cyberbullying is important. This helps parents and young adults to report cyber bullying and adopt various measures for the same. Following are some of the common types of cyber harassment:

• Trolling has become increasingly prevalent in these days and is the most common form of bullying that happens in an online community. This is done to evoke a reaction or disruption, or sometimes, even for personal amusement.

• Cyberstalking is another type of bullying or harassment which involves electronic communications to stalk a victim; this may tend to be threatening to the victim.

• posting an embarrassing or unpleasant photo/video.

• faking identity online

• issuing online threats to hurt or provoke someone.

• posting hate comments or content triggering religious, racial, ethnic or political malice.

• Also Doxing, it is a practice common on the internet where personal information about an individual is reasearched and published. One finds out information from the person’s social media and other online platforms. It is then used for online defamation, harassment or other forms of cyber bullying.

Cyber Bullying in India

Cyber bullying in India had increased prominently since availability of affordable data services and social media presence has increased. According to a research by Symantec, almost 8 out of 10 individuals are exposed to different types of internet bullying in India. Most of the victims are generally women and teenagers.

The same study categorises India as the country facing the highest cyber bullying in the Asia Pacific region, more than Australia and Japan.

Special Concerns

with the widespread presence of digital forums, social media websites, posts, comments, content shared by individual can be seen by strangers as well as acquaintances. Whatever content the individual shares online, be it personal or public, creates a kind of public record of their activities, views and behaviour. this can basically represents their personality, which may be accessible to schools, employers, college, clubs, and other institutions who may be researching an individual now or in the future. Cyberbullying can tamper the reputation of everyone involved, not just the the person being bullied but also those who are participating in the bullying.

What can you do?

Ask for help: if you are experiencing any distress related to online bullying, reach out to someone for help. It maybe your friend, relative, colleague or someone you trust.

Use the technology to cut off the Bully: almost every social media site allows you to report or block someone. They also enable you to report inappropriate content or behaviour.

Protect your Accounts: passwords are your private information. never share your passwords with anyone no matter who the person might be. Password protect your phone so that no one can use it for impersonation.

Report Cyber Bullying: The Ministry of Women and Child Development launched a helpline to report cyber bullying/harassment, cyber defamation, especially for women and children as they are subject to cyberbullying the most. most institutions also have special faculty of development whom you may report to, about the bullying.

Helpline – complaint-mwcd@gov.in

Wake up, your child is going to do suicide

“If my parents understood my dreams than today I won’t be stealthy sitting on roof and writing this blog.”

So, you are a parent, if not than at one stage of life you’ll be ( but for now just read and share it with a parent). Every parent has great GREAT expectations from their offspring and sometimes that desire becomes so pressurizing that it takes the toll of the life of that little angel.

How many of you asked your child what he or she wants to become well many of you haven’t and in a rare case if you have, I am sorry to say that you didn’t took that seriously.

A child of 21st century is none less than the most busiest person on Earth, schooling, coaching, homework and much more trouble some tasks are a part of their life and after all that when they get the night time to rest, they wander in the land of dreams; the world that’s their own, they make ambitions and set goals for their life.

But do you even know the amount of grief and misery that your child feels when you say a crisp clear NO to them when they beg you to let them achieve what they want ?

Let me talk in statistics. Globally Around 65000 kids committed suicide in 2019 just because their parents didn’t allowed them to study in the field of their choice.

Just imagine the condition of a student who passed school working hard so that he could take admission in his dream college. But guess what, his CARING parents deny him that because the college is in another city . WTF, like seriously, we kids work our ass whole childhood to satisfy your marks hungry taste buds and what we get in return, a big rejection on our dreams.

As a parent your worries and thinking of well being of ur kid is justified. But you have to understand that the dreams and choice of your child also matters, afterall it’s them who would be studying and if they want to pursue a field of their choice then why deny it to them and become the reason of them going into depression or at worse, commuting suicide.

Parents, you have to understand this, your child knows his interests more than you or anyone else. Please, you just can’t put an end on their life by making them give up on their dreams.

Just go and talk to them, understand what ur child wants. Otherwise the day is not far when your child will cry silently in night and will fear to meet eye with people and will curse his very existence like I do. Please parents, wake up .

World’s food safety day

It is necessary to assure that food remains safe at every stage from production to harvest, processing, storage, distribution, preparation, and consumption. That’s why World Food Safety Day is celebrated on 7 June to highlight the health consequences of contaminated food and water. The World food safety day was observed by the United Nations from 2019. This year’s world is celebrating second world food safety day. Unsafe food is a threat to human health and economies, and marginalized people, especially women and children.

World Food Safety Day Theme: Food-Safety Everyone’s Business

This year’s theme for world food safety day is food safety everyone’s business. This campaign will promote global food safety awareness and will call upon countries, the private sector, civil society, UN organizations, and the general public to take action. The theme Food-safety everyone’s business depicts that whether we grow, transport, process, distribute, store, sell, prepare, or consume food, everyone has a role to play in making consumed food safe and uncontaminated for people. Through World Food Safety Day, the World Health Organization pursues its efforts to mainstream food safety in the public agenda and reduce the burden of foodborne diseases globally.

Food Safety Tips

* It is important to keep foods safe to maintain healthy eating. We all can reduce contaminants in food and keep food safe by following food safety tips:

* Wash your hands properly with soap and water before going to the kitchen.

* Before eating, cooking, and cutting fruits and vegetables rinse them properly under running water.

* Clean inside and outside of appliances and buttons and handles of appliances.

* Daily sanitize kitchen surfaces with hot and soapy water or use disinfectant.

* While doing food shopping keep raw seafood, poultry, and meat in a separate bag and fresh fruits and vegetables ina separate bag.

* Clean your refrigerator once a week, discard cooked leftovers in 4 days and raw poultry and ground meats in 1 to 2 days.

MS DHONI – a man with a dream

“If the plan doesn’t work, change the plan but never the goal.”

Born in small town of Ranchi,Jharkhand coming from a lower middle class family to becoming a legend in the field of cricket and staying in hearts of billions of people carving his own path of success with gaining the title of captain cool. His journey inspires a lot of people and I am one of them . starting with an accidental adventure in field of cricket ,he has faced all the failures but one thing that remained constant was his determination and the never give up attitude that led him to what he is today. An everyday man who went on to be popularly known as the ‘Captain Cool’ is none other than our very own former Indian Men’s (ODI & T20Is) Cricket Team Captain, Mahendra Singh Dhoni or simply known as Dhoni.

His cricket journey started when he was in his school in his football team and his coach asked to do wicket keeping that’s where he impressed everyone with his wicket keeping skills and secured his position in commando cricket club for 3 years and selected for Vinoo Mankad Trophy under 16 during 1997-1998. Well his journey to be a part of Indian cricket team wasn’t that easy for him, after playing cricket at district and state level, he worked as a train ticket examiner at Khargpur railway station in West Bengal to financially support his family. But the young man always had a bigger vision and wanted to achieve more , he saw a dream, which many feared to see.

He made his debut in Ranji Trophy for Bihar in year 1999-2000 and played for three years. Seeing his excellent performance in Ranji Trophy, TRDO officer Prakash Poddar was attracted towards his performance and later sent a report to national cricket academy regarding his performance. Finally his struggle and hardwork payed off and he was selected for India A squad for a tour of Zimbabwe and scored back to back centuries.

ODI CARRER

After delivering good performance in India A team he was selected in ODI squad for Bangladesh tour in 2004-2005 and was also picked for Pakistan series. Though his initial matches were not a great success.

His turning point came with Sri Lanka bilateral ODI series in 2005 where India had to made 299 runs among which Dhoni made 183 runs finally winning the game for India. Due to his consistent performance in later ODI’s, Dhoni overtook Ricky Ponting and became number 1 in ICC ODI ranking for batsmen in 2006.

There are many inspiring lessons that the sportsman has taught us about life. He loved the sport and he wanted to chase his passion. He taught us to dream big and not get satisfied with small joys of life. He is a wonderful human, who was always up for absorbing new learning from his peers. He never hesitates to appreciate the outstanding work of others. He never lost hope and put in extra effort to fulfill his dream.

BECOMING A SENSATION AND HIS JOURNEY AS THE INDIAN CAPTAIN

Dhoni was not only known for his cricket but was also very popular for his lengthy wavy hair style. In fact, it had then become a trend in those days that every boy in the country now wanted to adorn the “Dhoni Hairstyle”.

In 2007, he led the team a whopping victory in ICC T-20 World Cup. He continues to inspire the younger generation with his brilliant captaincy, and out of the box thinking.

MS Dhoni is India’s only two-time World Cup winning captain, leading the team to victory on two occasions which involved two different format. He led a young Indian team to the first ever T20 World Cup victory in South Africa in 2007. Dhoni then led India to their second ODI World Cup victory in 2011.

He is arguably one of the best captains in the history of not just Indian cricket but also world cricket. The miracles he has done on the cricket field makes everyone wonder if he really is a human.

His cricket acumen is so accurate that people believe if Dhoni gives someone out on the field then his team starts celebrating without waiting for 3^rd umpire. People started referring the DRS not as Decision Review System but as Dhoni Review System. His lightning fast stumpings are viewers delight. He has taught us that no situation, however bad can be fought through and defeated. The only Indian captain with over 100 wins in ODI’s, the next best captain after Ricky Ponting with 11 consecutive wins in world cup matches.

He is a phenomenal cricketer and a legend, and because of him I became a cricket lover. I bet no Indian can ever forget the line – “INDIA LIVES THE WORLDCUP ONCE AGAIN AFTER 28 YEARS” right after his six. He served his nation for 15 years. Dhoni is the most successful captain of India who has won two ICC cricket world Cups for the country.

The person behind the stumps, the cricketer who held is calm and takes his team to victory in immense pressure – famous as captain cool. The man who went on to become one of the most agile wicket keeper in modern limited overs in international cricket , right handed batsman , a magnificent finisher , absolute fighter and the person who have billions of hearts attached

THE MSD NO.7 GAME.

Cleary, Dhoni got a special preference for the number as his India shirt also has number 7
M.S. Dhoni was born on July 7, 1981. The year 2007 is strikingly significant for such people. No wonder he was won the World T20 Championship that year.
The name ‘M.S.Dhoni’ carries 7 characters!
India won the final (World T20) when Dhoni was 26 years and 80 days old. The age adds up to 7! (26+80=106). NO.7 will always be in everyone’s heart .

MS Dhoni has been an asset in the Indian cricket team and he has a fan following across the world. When he is in a room full of people, his presence is felt and he is a humble man. He is the man, who never hesitates to improvise. He always improvised his game and never let a failure get to him. This is a true story and it has inspired many! If you have a dream or passion, you should go after it and achieve it. There will be obstacles but life is not easy. Once you go after your dreams, the universe will find a way for you to achieve it.

Worlds first “Internet controlled robot” By 23 year old Indian boy : Covid-19

A 23 year old Thane engineer has developed worlds first-of-its-kind internet controlled robot which can be used to treat covid patients in hospitals.

The robot delivers food, water, beverages, medicines and even some good advices to the patients without the help of any hospital nurses or staffs.

“This aCoro-bot’ eliminates the need of physical presence or contact of nurses or ward boys with the patient. It can deliver food, water, medicines and interact with the patients through a camera. Through a speaker, it can also advise patients on various precautions like sanitizing their hands before picking up anything from the robotic tray,” Says Pratik tirodkar the creator and designer of this robot.

This smart boy is also the founder of a start up ‘PNT solutions’. Whatsmore this young lad had developed other unique creations when he had barely stepped to college. This include world’s first ‘Humanoid’ with 47 body (axis) movements, a robotic bird ornithopter for various outdoor applicationsapplications, a mini packaging robot and several others.

This genius has even given over a 100 guest lectures to the brain students of IITs and NITs in the country.

This robot can be operated from any part of the world through internet. The robot comes with 3 trays with a carrying capacity of 10-15 kg each, plus a 30-kg storage at the bottom, enabling it to serve the supplies to over a dozen patients at a time in the COVID-19 ward.

“There are separate dispensers for water, tea, coffee, besides sensors for sanitizers which flow out quickly when the patient holds his hand below it and cuts off the supply when the hand is removed. Thus there is minimum wastage,” Tirodkar explained.

“Not only the COVID-19 patients, Coro-bot can also take care of itself. It has three nozzles at the back to give itself a disinfectant bath regularly, it goes on spraying sanitisers on both sides of the path, plus disinfects the ground it moves on by using UV lights” Says the genius.

The Coro-bot also has LED lights illumination to make it convenient for night usage as well, timers for indicating lunch-dinner, emergency button, besides a small PC like screen on the top for basic computer work or entertainment, he said.

This is now successfully deployed at Holy Cross Hospital in kalyan. Impressed by this robot over a dozen of other hospitals have ordered coro-bot in Mumbai.

“The Coro-bot costs between Rs 1.60-Rs.3.80 lakhs, depending on various specifications like the load-carrying capacity, etc, and the Ornithopter is around Rs 30,000. I have a small manufacturing unit at Dombivali, but if I can get a good investor, I can get into mass production,” he said.

Pratik tirodkar is currently doing his Btech in instrumentation engineering from Bharati Vidyapeeth College of Engineering, Navi Mumbai.

World food safety day.

we all know that food is important to live life, and it is also a basic need of the human cycle. from the last two years from around the world, people celebrate the world food safety day on 7th Jun, this day was declared by The United Nation Organisation’s Food and Agriculture Association introduce it on 16th October in 1945. the moto to create world food safety day is to create awareness about the existing problems of obesity and malnutrition due to hunger. at an early age, in these only 150 members they have to organized activities and events in an effort to end hunger and promote a healthy lifestyle. When they get the proper results in their organization, they get help from businesses, governments, the media, NGOs and the general public to help those who cannot afford even one meal a day.

In recent 10 to 20 years, all around the globe government established food safety organizations to spread the awareness regarding the crisis of food and hunger, in India Food Safety and Standards Authority of India, established under the Food Safety and Standards Act, 2006, is the regulating body related to food safety and laying down of standards of food in India. this organization collects food from parties and wadding to provide slum people, who can not afford the food for a single time.

However, they not only provide food to poor people but also provide information regarding how to manufacture any product in factories, how Genetically modified foods works, Food additives, and many other services regarding food.

Food processing is the transformation of agricultural products into food, or of one form of food into other forms. Food processing includes many forms of processing foods, from grinding grain to make raw flour to home cooking to complex industrial methods used to make convenience foods. Primary food processing is necessary to make most foods edible, and secondary food processing turns the ingredients into familiar foods, such as bread. on many T.V. channels also telecasted many shows which are authorized by well-known food manufactories for farmers to grow healthy and good crops. from many times food processing has been criticized for promoting overnutrition and obesity, containing too much sugar and salt, too little fiber, and otherwise being unhealthful in the dietary needs of humans and farm animals. With the help of a food safety organization, the ration is going down slowly.

nowadays genetically modified food is also famous all around the world many countries scientist do research on how to grow genetically modified food and china get success in it and they made first-ever modified corn and they also do research on food which provide high vitamins and other essential things for the body.

they also run classes where they teach us how to read the label, Know your produce, Know your seller/market, Clean your food, Store right, Cook properly, and Eat raw but eat right.

The United Nation Organisation also run a campaign regarding the obesity, which we can see in present world in small and adult children, more than 603 million adults and 107 million children out of a global population of around 7.5 billion are obese. spreading the right information regarding it is very important and help full for the future a single child, otherwise, a child has to face problem regarding asthma, heart disease.

So, we have to support this organization and do not disobey the instructions which are provided.

thank you to read this post.

ANTIBACTERIAL CHEMOTHERAPY-INTRODUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT

Antibacterial Chemotherapy refers to the use of any chemical or drug for the treatment of bacterial diseases. It is the part of antimicrobial chemotherapy.
Antimicrobial chemotherapy can be divided into several branches on the basis of type of pathogen, for e.g.
For bacterial pathogen – Antibacterial Chemotherapy
For viral pathogen – Antiviral Chemotherapy
For fungal pathogen – Antifungal Chemotherapy, etc

ANTIMICROBIAL CHEMOTHERAPY –
Chemotherapy may either mean involvement of any drug that fight against any cancerous cell or it may involve the use of any antimicrobial drug to cure diseases caused by infectious microorganisms or pathogens.
Antimicrobial drugs work by different mechanisms for different type of organisms. The overall mechanism by which any antimicrobial drug functions is by interfering with the structure and/or function of microorganisms. They either directly kill microbial cell or function by inhibiting their growth.

DEVELOPMENT OF ANTIMICROBIAL CHEMOTHERAPY
The development of chemotherapy has been known to begin with the successful research of a German physician, Paul Ehrlich (1854-1915).
Ehrlich was always fascinated to learn more about the dyes that bind to and stain the microbial cells. He was sure and stated that one of the dyes could be used as a chemical that would selectively destroy or kill the infectious pathogen inside the human body without making any harm to human cell and he named it “Magic Bullet”. Working more on this, he was able to find that the dye, trypsan red was active against the trypanosome that causes African Sleeping Sickness. Later, Ehrlich with his assistant Sahachiro Hata tested a variety of arsenic-based chemicals on Syphilis-infected rabbits and was successful in finding that Arsphenamine (an arsenic based chemical compound) was active against the Syphilis spirochete which was then made available in the market.
The other German scientist, Domagk in 1927 found the another Magic Bullet to treat diseases. He observed the antimicrobial activity of a synthetic dye, Prontosil Red which was able to cure Streptococcal and Staphylococcal infections with very limited toxicity. Sulfanilamide (one of the active breakdown products of prontosil in body) was the first synthetic antimicrobial drug.

A Synthetic Antimicrobial is a drug that is developed from any type of a chemical compound that is not found in nature.

Penicillin was the first naturally synthesized antibiotic which was initially discovered by a 21 years old French medical student. No one remembered his work until Alexander Fleming in September 1928 accidently rediscovered the antibiotic. The petri plate of Staphylococcus which was inoculated by Fleming was found to develop certain molds which made the clear zone of inhibition of staph-bacterial species around them. It was meant that the mold infected the petri plates even before the bacteria were inoculated. Fleming suggested that the mold (probably the strain of Penicillium notatum) produced a substance which inhibited the bacterial growth surrounding it and hence had an antibacterial property.
Further experiment results concluded that Penicillin was active against streptococci, meningococci and Corynebacterium diphtheriae, which is the causative agent of diphtheria.
The isolation, mass production and purification of penicillin were accomplished by Howard Florey and Ernst Chain for which they got the nobel prize. They found that the penicillin once pured was effectively able to show antimicrobial properties against streptococcal infection in mice.
Later, Dorothy Hodgkin observed and analyzed the structure of various naturally synthesized products using X-rays. Because of her observation on the chemical structure of naturally synthesized penicillin, it was easier for many scientists to produce a variety of semi synthetic penicillin.

A semisynthetic antimicrobial is defined as the chemically modified product of a natural antibiotic.

After the discovery of penicillin, other scientists got the determination for the discovery of more antibiotics by natural or chemical synthesis.
Selman Waksman developed a new antibiotic, Streptomycin which was produced by the actinomycete, Streptomyces griseus. This antibiotic was discovered by the soil microorganisms, particularly bacteria and fungi. It was the first discovery of antibiotic- producing soil microorganism. It was found that streptomycin was successful in treating tuberculosis.
Other microorganisms producing chloramphenicol, neomycin, terramycin and tetracycline were also isolated later.

TECHNO-UTOPIANISM

Technology has been both a boon and a bane for us, we completely rely on technology and the machinery for almost everything be it cooking, cleaning or even passing some free time (leisure).

We have become quite dependent on it and look forward for further technological advancements in the near future. Most of us have started criticising technology for the leisure seeking beings it has made us into, specifically mobiles and laptops, we do enjoy each and every component of technology but somewhere or the other are uncomfortable with the drastic changes it has made in our life.

Techno-utopianism or technological-utopianism is a theory which states that technological advancement will lead to a world of perfection which is free from any kind of flaws or will lead to a world where mankind will find all or any one of the prefect pleasures which life has to offer.

In a techno utopian society which is free from human suffering, humans would be exposed to the best features be it excellent governance for the people or a life which is human friendly, a world free from the pangs of human pain and all the favourable and pleasure seeking components.

Technology is viewed as a saviour and as the life changing development, technology will give the people of the new world a positive outlook and it will be the final game changer and a hope towards a hassle free future. Technology would be worshipped and will be given a positive outlook, be it new developments in various fields like economic development or developments catering to the societal wants or even technological development which makes life much easier to live. The development would be seen in all spectrum that is social ,economic or philosophical areas.

Currently in the twenty first century we are still developing and currently in a stage where we have a long way to go to become completely technologically dependent, we are currently exposed to the least amount of technological resources and we live in the age where a technological revolution is taking place and we can partially say that we are living in a techno-utopian society in the twenty first century.

Technology will be seen as a benediction which would foster growth, fulfil peoples’ wants and will cater to better communication and will strengthen community ties. Due to the technological advancement one will be able to free themselves form the squabbles, the commotion and the tumult which the daily life offers. It will strengthen societal ties and increase the relation between humans (communities).Technology has brought people closer, we have been able to connect with people overseas via video calls and phone calls and other applications.

The one point which is super advantageous is that it will reduce financial inequalities amongst people and will also aid in access to better skills and knowledge, people will be free to express their thoughts and views without any inconveniences. Techno utopianism will eventually change mind sets, we will become open minded human beings and we will also become practical decision makers.Already our lives have become more easier with devices that do our works with just a few clicks be it mobiles, laptops or even the smart T.Vs.

But many critics feel that we will never be able to reach a stage where each idea is fulfilled to call ourselves a techno-utopian world. As to achieve techno-utopianism in a society which is still developing or underdeveloped it’s an impenetrable and inflexible task. As firstly all the countries don’t have the same requirements, some still hardly have any technological advancements and even if they are exposed to the advancements it would take time for them to adapt themselves in such a techno-savy society.

Further as new technological inventions are taking place we are looking forward to drastic changes which would just turn the tables and we would be living a smart life with the smart use of super technological devices and advancements.

Abdhi Upadhyay

Corona Vaccine Update!!!

The situation in the world are very worse and so our hope for vaccine also. Scienticts are trying hard and hard to discover the vaccine. Scientist and pharma industry from all over the world are in danger in terms of health and wealth.

Here are some updates related to corona virus vaccine;

Moderna Therapeutics‘ invented mRNA-1273 vaccine prototypes which is heading towards success with high speed. The vaccine, is currently in its second phase of testing is more likely to be tested ahead on its third phase of clinical testing, Moderna therapeutics plans to involve about 30,000 participants between the ages of 18-55 and those who are at high risk of corona virus. If the trials are successful than it would be much relief for the people all around the world, by the time, Moderna promised to manufacture 100 million doses of the vaccine. The third phase of the testing is most likely to start in July.

Oxford University & AstraZeneca of Brazil which is worst affected country due to COVID-19 are jointly working to develop the corona virus vaccine. Once they tried to develop the vaccine but it failed in testing, now after much of research and time they again got hope and now they are soon ready to begin the trails on humans. To speed up the development of vaccine and minimizing the clinical trial time they are conducting both phase I and phase II trials at the same time.

Serum Institute of India (SII) India is also leading in development of vaccine it has already tested for 18-55 age but side effects were observed and is again under development and testing. If India is able to development the vaccine first than India will become super nation as India will show to world that still India can do better in health sector and obvious youth is also at great potential so, ultimately it will attract many of the MNCs to India.

Photo by cottonbro on Pexels.com

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