Fiscal Deficit and its adverse implications-

What is fiscal deficit ? 

Fiscal deficit is the difference between Government’s total expenditure and non-debt capital reciepts. Revenue receipts, recoveries of loans and other receipts are all non-debt capital recipts. We subtract these from Total expenditure incurred by government to find out Fiscal deficit. 
 
When does Fiscal deficit arise ? 
Fiscal deficit arises when the government has expenditure higher than the revenue it generates. To bridge this expenditure – revenue deficit, the government resorts to borrowing, This borrowing is called Fiscal deficit. In short, Fiscal deficit is the total borrowing of the government to fund the allocations and expenditures listed in the Union Budget. 
 
What are the adverse consequences of high Fiscal deficit ? 
A high fiscal deficit is bad for state of the economy, trade balance and currency exchange rate. 
 
Rising Interest rates– A high fiscal deficit would mean the government’s borrowings are high. When the government borrows moeny from the general public, it creates demand for money. Lending to government carries zero risk, as the government does not default on repayment. However, greater government borrowing would mean less money would be available for lending to industrial and other sectors of the economy. This would push up the interest rates for the borrowers of the industry. 
 
Reduced business and economic activity- Higher interest rates would add to overall, cost of production, thereby increasing cost of operations. This in turn would render business activity like increased production and expanding operations, unviable. Hence, a lot of businesspersons would then opt out of such economic activity as they no longer find it profitable. 
 
Reduced income and employment generation- If due to higher interest rates businesspersons opt out of economic activity or close down plants, it would also lead to fall in employment. This would in turn mean that the unemployed don’t earn income and hence it would reduce their purchasing power. This implies fall in aggregate demand for goods and services. This would reduce investment and industrial activity, thereby depressing the overall economic scenario. 
 
Lowers exchange rate and increases trade deficit- Sometimes, government of India would borrow from foreign sources. When the government borrows foreign exchanges comes into the economy. This would increase the supply of foreign currency, which can in turn be exchanged for domestic currency. The rise in demand for Domestic currency would increase its value. The value of Indian rupee will increase. If exports go down and imports rise the trade deficit will also widen which in turn increases the current account deficit. High borrowing and increase in current account deficit would mean country’s financial position becomes precarious as it piles higher debt and greater interest burden on future generation.   
 
In short, a higher fiscal deficit is dangerous in every way possible for economic activities, trade balance, exchange rate and employment act.  

 

WANT TO TRANSFER PROPERTY TO AN UNBORN?

Transfer To Unborn Person : All you need to know - iPleaders

TRANSFER OF PROPERTY TO AN UNBORN PERSON

Unborn person means a person who has not come into existence.

As a general rule, a property can be transferred between the two living persons that means persons should be in existence at the time of the transfer of the property.

Section 5 of the Transfer of Property Act,1882 defines the Transfer of property as :

“Transfer of Property” means an act by which a living person conveys property, in present or in future, to one or more other living persons, or to himself, 1[or to himself] and one or more other living persons; and “to transfer property” is to perform such act.

But, Section 13 of the TRANSFER OF PROPERTY ACT provides for remedy by which a property can be transferred or an interest can be created in the property in favor of an unborn person. This is not an exception for the general rule, in fact it is an extension of the general rule which widens the scope to make the transfer of the property.

Where on a transfer of property, an interest therein is created for the benefit of a person not in existence at the date of the transfer, subject to a prior interest created by the same transfer, the interest created for the benefit of such person shall not take effect unless it extends to the remaining interest of the transferor in the property.

Transfer to ub

FOLLOWING ARE THE ELEMENTS KEPT TO BE IN  MIND WHILE CREATING AN INTEREST IN FAVOR OF AN UNBORN PERSON :

  1. Transfer for the unborn must be preceded by a life interest created in favor of a person in existence at the date of the transfer.
  2. Absolute interest must be transferred that is the whole remainder.
  3. The unborn person must come into existence.
  4. enjoyment of interest may be postponed.
  5. Transfer must not be in perpetuity.
  6. No direct transfer.

EXAMPLE : A transfers property of which is the owner to B, in trust for A and his intended wife successively for their lives and after the death tog the survivor, for the eldest son of the intended marriage for life, and after his death for A’s second son. The interest so created for the benefit of the eldest son does not take effect, because it does not extend to the whole of A’s remaining interest in the property.

A————–W————–S1————–S2

LEGAL CONSEQUENCES 

The transfer in favor of unborn person must be preceded by a life interest and that only absolute may be given to the unborn has following legal consequences :

  1. The intermediary person living at the date of the transfer is to be given only life interest. It means giving him only the right to enjoyment and possession. He has to preserve the property like a trustee during his life-time on behalf of the unborn.
  2. The unborn must come into existence before the death of the person holding property for life. If the unborn comes into existence say, after month after the death of the last living person, the property shall revert back to the transferor or his heirs.

POSTPONEMENT OF ENJOYMENT

The enjoyment of the property transferred for an unborn person can be postponed for some future date. Section 14 of the Transfer Of Property act,1882 makes rule against perpetuity which means the postponement cannot be for unlimited period.

INTEREST AT THE TIME OF BIRTH

Section 20 of the Transfer of Property Act, where on a transfer of property, an interest therein is created for the benefit of unborn person not then living, he acquires upon his birth, unless a contrary intention appears from the terms of the transfer, a vested interest, although he may not be entitled to the enjoyment thereof immediately on his birth.

 

CONCLUSION

A property can not be directly transferred to an unborn person but if prior life interest has been created and the absolute interest has been made that is the whole of the remainder to unborn, then a property can be transferred in favor of an unborn person.

SAY NO TO TOBACCO

Tobacco which was known for its medicinal properties has now become deadliest substance in the world. WHO declared May 31st as world No Tobacco Day. Every year 6 million people die as a victim under the attack of tobacco and more than 6 lakh people die just standing next to the smokers. If you are a tobacco smoker, your chances of developing multiple blockages and long-term result following any intervention on the heart is much higher.

Why is tobacco harmful?

With each inhalation, smoke brings its more than 5,000 chemical substances in contact with the body’s tissue. From the beginning, tar, a black, resinous material begins to colour the teeth and gums, gradually led to the decay of the same which also damages nerves endings in the nose effects on the system of smell. Inside the airways and the lungs, smoke increases the likelihood of infections as well as chronic diseases like bronchitis and emphysema. The smoke fills the alveoli, tiny air sacs that enable the exchange of Oxygen and carbon dioxide between the lungs and blood. A toxic gas called carbon monoxide crosses that membrane into the blood binding the hemoglobin and displacing the oxygen, transported around the body. That is why smoking leads to oxygen deprivation and shortness of breath. Nicotine and other chemicals from the cigarette enter into the blood vessels and damage their delicate endothelial lining restricting blood flow which lead to heart attacks and strokes.It’s also damages eyesight, weakened bones and makes it hard for women to get pregnant and in men can cause erectile dysfunction.

Significance in the era of covid-19

Dr Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, WHO Director-General said, “Smokers have up to a 50% higher risk of developing severe disease and death from Covid-19, so quitting is best thing smokers can do to lower their risk from this corona virus, as well as the risk of developing cancers, heart disease and respiratory illnesses and We urge all countries to play their part by joining the WHO campaign and creating tobacco-free environments that give people the information, support and tools they need to quit, and quit for good.”As habit of smoking will damage the lungs already,there is a higher incidence of severe lung complications following Covid in smokers as compared to non-smokers.Elaborating on weakening of the immune system and increased risk of Covid-19 transmission by smokers, Tobacco smoke contains toxic chemicals which cause damages to the linings of the airways and the lungs. The chemicals in tobacco smoke suppress the activity of different types of immune cells leading to weakening of immunity and thus impairing one’s ability to fight the Covid infection. The act of smoking will increase the chances of covid -19,as the fingers and possibly contaminated cigarettes coming in contact with the lips and thus increasing the risk of transmission of virus from hand to mouth.
The happiness from the intoxication is just like the life of a bubble.It is powerful enough to conquer us through its temporary happiness.But we have to understand the fact that this short happiness will throw us into the hell of sufferings.”say no to tobacco, switch on the real happiness”.

Importance of 31 May: One International and One National (India)

In this article, the importance of 31 May is presented by highlighting two events- One International and one National (India). One is ‘World No Tobacco Day’ and another is from our country (India) completion of Dakshineswar Kali Temple (31 May 1855) situated near the bank of the Hooghly River, West Bengal.

1)      World No Tobacco Day: Tobacco is not good for health as it contains Nicotine. According to the World Health Organisation (WHO), every year, more than 8 million people die because of tobacco consumption. Also according to WHO, most tobacco-related deaths take place in low- and middle-income countries.  It is unfortunate to mention here that those who stay nearby smokers are also affected. In this regard, WHO may be quoted, “Tobacco can also be deadly for non-smokers. Second-hand smoke exposure has also been implicated in adverse health outcomes, causing 1.2 million deaths annually. Nearly half of all children breathe air polluted by tobacco smoke and 65 000 children die each year due to illnesses related to second-hand smoke. Smoking while pregnant can lead to several life-long health conditions for babies”. It is pertinent to mention that, “The Member States of the World Health Organization created World No Tobacco Day in 1987 to draw global attention to the tobacco epidemic and the preventable death and disease it causes. In 1987, the World Health Assembly passed Resolution WHA40.38, calling for 7 April 1988 to be “a world no-smoking day.” In 1988, Resolution WHA 42.19 was passed, calling for the celebration of World No Tobacco Day, every year on 31 May”, (who.int/campaigns/world-no-tobacco-day). The campaign theme of World No Tobacco Day 2021 is “Commit to Quit” and in this regard WHO desires that pledge should be taken by signing in the campa. Although in 1988 resolution has been passed as “a world no- smoking day” but in the Sikhism, tobacco is totally banned that is, in general Sikh people should not smoke as religious practice.

2)      Dakshineswar Kali Temple:  The temple situated near the bank of Hooghly River was constructed on 31 May 1855 by Rani Rashmoni, a philanthropist and a devotee of Kali (Hindu Goddess). At the tender age of 11, Rashmoni was married to Babu Rajchandra Das of JanBazar of Calcutta. Babu Rajchandra was non Brahmin,  a member of a wealthy zamindar family (zamindar means colossal landlord). It is observed from various publications that in the year 1847, Rani Rashmoni prepared to go on a long pilgrimage to visit Kashi  ( presently known as Varanasi). Rani was supposed to travel in 24 boats, carrying relatives, helpers and essential goods. It is believed that the night before the pilgrimage, she had a dream and in the dream the Divine Mother Goddess Kali reportedly said, “There is no need to go to Banaras. Install my statue in a temple on the banks of the Ganges River and arrange my worship there”.  And thus on 31 May 1855 the Temple was completed. She patronized Shri Ramkrishna Paramhangsha as the priest of the Dakkhineshwar temple. Her other development  works  inter alia were the construction of a road from Subarnarekha River to Puri for the pilgrims, Babughat (also known as Babu Rajchandra Das Ghat), Ahiritola Ghat and Nimtala ghat for the everyday bathing at the Ganges by the common people. She also offered considerable charity to the Imperial Library (now the National Library of India), the Hindu College etc. For her outstanding, development, social and spiritual works, people called her Rani i.e. the Queen.

The following websites have been consulted while writing the article: 

  1. https://www.who.int/campaigns/world-no-tobacco-day
  2. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prohibitions_in_Sikhism#
  3. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dakshineswar_Kali_Temple
  4. http://www.dakshineswarkalitemple.org/rashmoni.html
  5. http://www.dakshineswarkalitemple.org/rashmoni.html

NUCLEAR DISARMAMENT: IS IT NECESSARY FOR WORLD PEACE?

“Somehow we must transform the dynamics of the world power struggle from the negative nuclear arms race which no one can win to a positive contest to harness man’s creative genius for the purpose of making peace and prosperity a reality for all of the nations of the world”.
-Martin Luther King, Jr.

One fathomless longing of the human is for security, peace, and stability. And the possession of a nuclear weapon or other weapons of mass destruction is the greatest menace for humanity.

Nuclear weapons are the most lethal and indiscriminately inhumane weapons ever existed. It’s the only thing present on this planet to be capable of wiping out life.

We have already seen the catastrophic damage it brought upon Japan in 1945. And as time passed by we humans have found out other more deadly and fatal weapons.
Since the Japan bombings, we have not seen any other full-magnitude international war situations not just because there are no serious diplomatic tensions but because many of the nations possess nuclear weapons.

Nuclear disarmament and non-proliferation is not just a global security issue but one in a class of its own, having profound urgency.
The only other weighing global issue being climate change.

The gravest danger today is the existing stockpile of nuclear weaponry. There are at least 23,000 existing nuclear warheads with a combined destructive capability of around 150000 Hiroshima or Nagasaki-sized bombs.

YES, NUCLEAR DISARMAMENT IS NECESSARY


Experts have been urging continuously for complete disarmament, which is completely justified.

In 1963, Saint John XXIII urged the prohibition of an atomic weapon and stated that authentic and lasting international peace cannot rest on a balance of military power, but only upon mutual trust.

Experts say that when a nuclear bomb will explode the surface will become hotter than the sun causing mass destruction, thus bringing annihilation.
The Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists advanced the symbolic Doomsday Clock by 30 seconds in February, which indicates how the world leaders are failing in maintaining peace.

Countries like the USA and Russia have High-alert nuclear weapon(s) whose launch can be ordered (through the National Command Authority) and executed (via a nuclear command and control system) within 15 minutes or less. The USA has 6450 nuclear bombs in hand while Russia holds 6850 of them. With so high a degree of hazard in existence, the threat seems to be present above our head like a dangling sword.

Apart from this, Nuclear Terrorism is undeniable insecurity. Many terrorist organizations are trying hard to obtain nuclear weapons and THE BLACK MARKETING OF NUCLEAR WEAPON MATERIAL IS A GLOBAL THREAT. And if in unfortunate times they got hold of it, the holocaust it would create is beyond imagination.
Even if according to some experts the probability of terrorists having hold of a nuclear weapon is very small due to the weapon’s high security, we should not underestimate their capability as they have tried before and will try again in the future.

The Japanese terror cult Aum Shinrikyo, which used sarin gas in the 1995 Tokyo Metro attack, has also tried to acquire nuclear weapons.
In July 2014, after the fall of Mosul(a city in Iraq)
, ISIS militants captured nuclear materials from Mosul University. Later nuclear experts confirmed the material to be of “low grade”.
Till now terrorists are unsuccessful in acquiring nuclear materials but that does not mean they will not in the future.

Concludingly,

“A world of peace, free from nuclear weapons, is the aspiration of millions of men and women everywhere. To make this ideal a reality calls for involvement on the part of all: individuals, religious communities and civil society, countries that possess nuclear weapons and those that do not, the military and private sectors, and international organizations” says Pope Francis in memory of the victims of the Hiroshima atomic bomb during his visit to the Peace Memorial Park on November 24, 2019.

Females in jobs(critical analysis)

How often do we see a woman on top official post? Women judges at the country courts?Women leaders of their countries?Female leads in movies?

You answer may be 1,10 or may be 100.

This proves exemptions cannot be treated as generalist examples.

Sustainable Goal by UN (goal-5)focuses   to Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls..193 countries including India endorsed the goal.Still we witness a divide.

According to World Bank data (WB) women contributed 38.833% to the labor force in 2019.Less than 50%,not enough right? The same data shows that male labour force participation rate is 74.334%.

(As per ILO,Labour force participation rate is defined as the section of working population in the age group of 16-64 in the economy currently employed or seeking employment)

Where and why?

1.Judiciary

       Since Independence there have been only 8 female judges in the Supreme Court of India.While ,no Female CJI yet. High courts witness the same fate with 82 females as judges.In federal court of America,about 73% judges are male.UAE had their first female judge in 2019.Kenya recently appointed its first female Chief Justice

2. Films

There is a huge gender pay gal witnessed in film industry be it hollywood,bollywood.Many actors like Oscar winner Jennifer Lawrence,Emma watson have been vocal.National Award winner Priyanka Chopra said ,”Gender pay gap is a global problem”.

3. Private sector 

     Private sector particularly Service sector provides ample opportunity for women.Although they face problems as the employers want to avoid giving maternity benefits and leaves ,flexibility of night shifts ,transfers due to marriage etc.Women have proved their mettle by engaging in most challenging jobs in the modern times and broke the above myths.

4.Politics

 A 33% reservation for women in and legislative assembly and legislative council bill is still pending before the legislature. According to UN women Women serve as Heads of State or Government in only 22 countries, and 119 countries have never had a woman leader .

5.Education              

The literacy rate for females in India is 53.7% whereas in America it is 77%.No prizes for guessing,male literacy rate is higher in both the developing and developed country.

According to UIS data provided by UNESCO,only 30% women researchers in science.Still they have managed to fare well and won most noble prizes in physics,chemistry and medicine.

They are faced with societal,matrimonial,family pressure.Child marriage,trafficking undoubtedly illegal on paper but are still  practiced by villages.

6. Police

 According to data from Bureau of Police Research and Development (BPR&D) ,women constitute only 8.3% to the police personnel in India.It wasn’t until recently that women were allowed in territorial army.They are still not allowed in major combat roles.

Way forward:-

  1. Postive role of social media to spread awareness.
  2. Laying impetus on education,providing better research opportunities,creating more infrastructure in rural areas etc
  3. Employment generation for women,to make them better contributers in Country’s GDP.
  4. Support women entrepreneurs ,Shgs,make them aware about existing schemes and benefits.
  5. Increasing reservation of women wherever underrepresented,provision of training for required skills therein.
  6. Making workplace amicable by taking prompt action on their complaints.
  7. Creating avenues for her to explore,learn ,grow in any sector she desires.
  8. Ensuring no girl child suffers from child marriage,school drop outs,become victims of violence .
  9. Efforts to remove the taboo of menstrual cycle.

Dr.Ambedkar had once quoted,I measure the progress of any society by the condition of women in it.

Indeed ! Any country cannot flourish to it pinnacle by leaving the one gender behind.

VISUALISATION-1 SKILL FOR DREAMS

VISUALISATION-1 SKILL FOR DREAMS, the vehicle to the future and the most powerful means of achieving personal goals. Visualizing is the act of seeing, feeling , sensing and most importantly experiencing something in your mind exactly as you would in your real life. Visualization is the way you willfully form mental images to affect the reality using the imagination which forms images in your subconscious mind which further uses the images as the patterns to work on.

“WHEN YOU CAN VISUALIZE IT YOU CAN CREATE IT.”

It is the creative visualization which is a spiritual exercise which uses your thoughts and the imagination to change your life in a positive way. It is the natural power of imagination to change your life and basic creative energy of the universe with which one can constantly use to bring their dreams into reality. Imagination beautifully paints a charming view of the future conveniently adapted to the demands of our current emotion.

VISUALISATION-1 SKILL FOR DREAMS : A HIDDEN TOOL

Visualization is the way that triggers the same process in the brain as a real life experience would be by transmitting the same energetic frequency and vibration all around you such that you can create whatever you want to happen in your life , this is the hidden tool to your dreams. It lets one to concentrate on all the positive aspects of your life(do checkout my previous article on YOGA AND MEDITATION: 2 PILLARS OF HEALTHY LIFE). It is a positive outcome which allow you to grow in confidence of all the situations one undergoing with.

VISUALISATION-1 SKILL FOR DREAMS : HOW TO USE IT?

Till now we are very clear that to achieve any thing in life faster we must first dream it of then visualize it. The key to effectively visualize is to create the most detailed, clear and vivid picture to focus on. The design usually starts with a fantasy with the ideas and the greatest value of a picture is when it forces us to notice what we never expected to . The best part is we need not require any special skills as its only demands one to develop the ability to believe in their goals.

do check out on how to visualize effectively https://www.successconsciousness.com/blog/creative-visualization/how-to-improve-visualization/#:~:text=%20How%20to%20Visualize%20%201%20Find%20a,and%20then%20repeat%20visualizing%20the%20object…%20More%20https://www.successconsciousness.com/blog/creative-visualization/how-to-improve-visualization/#:~:text=%20How%20to%20Visualize%20%201%20Find%20a,and%20then%20repeat%20visualizing%20the%20object…%20More%20

Visualization with positive feeling is mandatory(do check out my previous article on OPTIMISM- THE NEED OF THE HOUR)and the harder one works and visualizes something the easier they achieve. Visualize the thing you need, create a mental blue print and begin to build as mind works in images. The more clear and vivid picture you set in your mind, easier it is to tap into your subconscious mind as it lets the mind wander

VISUALISATION-1 SKILL FOR DREAMS: CHANGED THE LIVES OF MANY!

It is well said that the secret of the master mind is found wholly in the use of imagination. History has proven very efficiently that those who have dared to imagine the impossible are the ones who broke all the human limitations. In every field of human endeavor whether it is science, medicine or any other field the people who have imagined the impossible have engraved in our history.

Japan to extend virus emergency with safe Olympics at stake

Japan is set to extend a corona virus state of emergency in Tokyo and other areas with infections not yet slowing to levels it can safely host the Olympics opening in the next 50 days. The extension is needed as people are increasingly roaming in public, especially in Tokyo and Osaka, when they should be doing the opposite, and it’s feared that lifting the emergency would cause an instant rebound in infection. The Olympics are scheduled to start on July 23 after a one year postponement due to the pandemic, and worries about the new variants and Japan’s slow vaccination rollouts have triggered calls from the public and medical experts to cancel the games. Olympic organizers have to decide around that date whether to allow any fans at all, after overseas spectators were banned months ago. The international Olympic committee has also said the Olympics would go ahead even if the host city Tokyo is under emergency measures. Japan has reported about 7,30,000 cases of infection and more than 12,700 deaths.

Journaling and its benefits

Many of us might remember having a personal diary when we were teenagers. But with time, most of us also got over that habit, until recently when journaling has made a comeback and people are recognising the various physical and mental health benefits journaling has to offer. Journaling is simple, it has no set rules but is just a written record of our feelings and thoughts. It is how we track our everyday life and helps create a meaningful relationship with ourselves. Apart from just helping us de-stress, journaling every day does have numerous health benefits – both physical and mental. So if you keep wondering how exactly can maintaining a journal help you with your health – here’s a list of a few of the incredible things journaling can do for you!

  1. No more bottled-up emotions – We always long for a friend when we feel distressed, but admit it sometimes we might not always be comfortable and open to share. For these days, journaling does come to your rescue. It helps you vent out your feelings and thoughts, with no judgement coming your way. Writing your thoughts down helps you unwind and feel lighter. So the next time you’re very stressed or emotional, grab your diary and start journaling – it will help you feel a lot better.
  2. Managing anxiety – Journaling helps you take control of your emotions. When you are anxious, you are caught in the vicious cycle of overthinking. Journaling helps you break the cycle. You can write down your feelings, re-read them and look at situations from a different perspective. Maintaining a journal is highly recommended for stress management. Journaling also helps increase well-being.
  3. Helps you sleep better – Journaling can also include writing down a do-to list of the agenda for the next day, or even unfinished tasks. It then helps you feel asleep without worries and better. Writing about other positive events before bedtime also helps you sleep better as it redirects you from the negative thoughts and worries. Next time when you are tossing and turning while trying to fall asleep – consider journaling!
  4. Journaling improves memory – We all take notes while attending lectures because writing down makes it easier for us to remember stuff. Journaling also works similarly, it improves your ability to remember things. It is also great to remember certain important dates and events of your life. The physical act of writing brings information centerstage and lets your brain know it should pay close attention. The physical act of writing is a way to let the brain know to pay more attention to the information we’re giving it!
  5. Strengthens our immune system – Psychologist James Pennebaker says that journaling strengthens immune cells called T-lymphocytes. Writing gives structure to your feelings and helps you get past them, another researcher said. Though venting into a journal isn’t enough, new studies have shown that journaling does offer physical health benefits like increasing our immunity and also help people with serious health diseases cope up with their symptoms better.

 

                POPULATION EXPLOSION

Meaning of Population Explosion

It refers to the rapid increase in the population of an area among human beings. Furthermore, it is a situation where the economy is not capable of coping with the increasing demand of its population.

It is a major issue for developing countries. Also, the government is not taking proper measures to control this problem. Besides, it generates many issues in the country that cause many problems for people.

Causes of Population Explosion

The cause of the population explosion includes many factors and reasons. These include:

Increase in the birth rate- Due to lack of control on delivery and unawareness of people the birth rate is increasing rapidly. In addition, the gap between death and birth has gone way wider than what we can think of. Furthermore, the birth rate has increased many folds in comparison to the death rate.

A decrease in infant mortality rate- Mortality rate refers to the number of death of infants below the age of 6 months. Due to science and technology, we are able to minimize this rate and now only a few cases of death are known per thousand deaths.

The life expectancy growth- Earlier the life expectancy of people was around 55-60 years. But due to better and improved medical facilities, we are now able to increase the life expectancy of people. Now the average age of a person increased to 70-75 years.

Besides, these better living conditions, good quality food, better nutrition, and better sanitation facilities also helped in increasing life expectancy.

 

Effects of Population Explosion

The population explosion affects natural resources and many sectors of the economy in many ways:

Unemployment- Due to the increase in the population the demand for jobs and employment also increases. But, due to a lack of resources and employment opportunities, there are millions of jobless people in India.

In addition, the condition of unemployment is growing day by day. To face this problem most the people is either migrating to other countries for better job opportunities.

Poverty- Due to the large population there a large number of people who belong to below the poverty line and they do not have adequate knowledge of the overpopulation of the country. Also, they are the major contributor to a high birth rate.

Prevention of population explosion

There are various methods by which we can prevent a population explosion. The government can take measures to aware of the population about the various methods that can help in controlling the population. Also, it should implement some strong campaign for family planning and birth control.

High level of illiteracy- The literacy level of women is one of the biggest problems of family planning. In India, people pay very little importance to women’s education and marry them at an early age. That’s why they do not have knowledge about birth control methods and the use of contraceptives.

To sum it up, the population explosion has caused huge pressure on the surface of the earth. Also, we can control many issues of the earth by controlling population growth. Besides, many problems like food insecurity, illiteracy, poverty, and unemployment can be minimized by controlling the population.

Covid

Covid- 19 or corona virus disease is an infectious disease caused by a new virus called coronavirus. Those who are affected by this virus will experience symptoms like cough, cold, headache, fever etc. The virus is mainly transmitted from a person to another through fluids generated when an infected person coughs, inhales or sneezes. The virus can get inside through breathing if we are within close proximity with anyone who is Covid positive or by touching contaminated places and then to your eyes, mouth and nose. To stay safe from these virus we must wear mask, maintain social distancing and must be well aware about the ongoing circumstances.

Covid-19 and it’s impact on small scale industries

The covid-19 pandemic has hit the world big time. This pandemic has already completed close to two years of it’s existence and has caused negative impacts on all types of industries, but it has hit hard on the small scale industries the most. India’s export business is largely based on the export of the Indian small scale industries products. About 80% of the small scale industries have been suffering from this pandemic and about 70% expect it to be recovered within a year and get back to pre pandemic levels. This pandemic has made these small scale industries rely on the government’s support in-order to kick-start from where they left or to even start off fresh.These small scale industries also have a big challenge ahead, to target customer audience, to expand and have market access, having accessibility to finance amongst others. This pandemic has also brought about new challenges with respect to credit granting facility, having the support of the market, ie customers and a need for technological advancements in-order to cope with the challenges. This pandemic has made the adaptibility getting postponed because of the various other health facility challenges as well as boosting the economy challenges faced by the government, it’s their priority right now.

There are certain ways in which the government and other private agencies can tackle these challenges and boost the trust of the small scale industries on the government and the economy. These are my views on how the government can tackle these:

  1. Focus on the financial system of these small scale industries and allocate enough funds in-order to boost these industries in creating products and services and delighting customers.
  2. Bridging the gap between customers and producers and considering all the value chain activities with the attempt of deleting the activities which have no value.
  3. Customers need to shop from all the wholesalers and retailers in-order to boost their sales and stock up in-order to increase the production of these goods and services and and balance the demand and supply chain.
  4. Government should focus on providing incentives to these small scale industries so that they do not fall into the category of sick units and stope their establishment. These incentives will also boost the economy and the small-scale industries owners in giving services to the society.
  5. Government as well as private industries can focus on providing technological advances in terms of distribution of products and services and creating a consumer forum for solving grievances of their customers, and also focus on creating marketing strategies to boost their sales.
  6. A lesser cost advertising strategy can be implemented by the small scale industry owners in-order to boost their sales and attract their customers and create a market for production and distribution of goods and services. It can also start off within their locality and their friend’s cum acquaintances. Word-of-mouth marketing can generate good sales and services and reviewing the products quality and servicing to the owner and different groups and peers will ensure that there is an expansion of the customers within the area.
  7. Delivery of goods and services can be done through applications like dunzo, swiggy,etc. due to the ongoing condition in the country and this will also generate good revenue to the delivery executives and adds advantage to it’s customers.

Over 82% of small businesses had a negative impact during …

https://www.livemint.com › companies › news › over-8…

https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/blogs/agyeya/covid-19-affect-on-micro-small-and-medium-enterprises-msmes/

Problems Of Jobs Pre-Post Pandemic In India.

Talking about jobs is always an important discussion in the developing and vast country like India. The need of the job can only  be understood when we see an unemployed person fighting to live during this period of pandemic without a job and also striking toward to get a job and not getting a single chance to get away through him to get a job. our government has also started various measures to develop the market as well as to help the needy like Make In India initiative, supporting startup programmes but it cannot do much to meet the need of the hour. This aspect of economy cannot be ignored if any of the country wants to develop  because if a country needs to develop the very first step is to strengthen the roots of the society that comes only when all people get jobs and only after that  there is some initial cash flow comes to the economy, which in turns help to boost the economy. The recent data according to CMIE shows that unemployment rate in DECEMBER 2020 rose to 9.1% which later in JANUARY reported to decrease to 6.5% positively which shows that there are signs of recovery, also according to Dr. Krishnamurti Subramanian our Chief Economic Advisor India’s economy shows the signs of V Shape recovery.

As we see employment and economy are the two sides of the same coin and economy of a country always suffer when the employment goes down in anyway. as this pandemic is turning out to be the greatest disaster of all times not only for India but for the world also . According to several reports  millions of people have lost their jobs in formal sector and informal (unorganized)sector does not have a count that is caused by novel corona-virus. However the pandemic could not be stated as the only reason for the ongoing job crisis. there are many aspects that can be responsible for the same. they are as follows:

  1. Overpopulation– the  ongoing and unstoppable exposure of population in India with no proper family planing leads to overpopulation and that ultimately results into the employment crisis which in turn relates to failure of government planning . for this the government had also introduced schemes to motivate citizens for the control of population with that the government has also started many educational programmes to educate parents to have not more than 2 children so that they can afford their family expenses and also would help in the upliftment of children .
  2. Dependence on agriculture – as major part of India lives in rural areas so the majority depends upon the agriculture for their livelihoods but agriculture being seasonal does not provide permanent employment to the vast population.for this the government should do some efforts for the development of the rural areas which would also help in control of migration of people from rural to urban areas.

Conclusion  as we know economy and unemployment are the two sides of the same coin they go hand in hand as the unemployment rate decreases economy will boost up and if unemployment rate would go up there will be a downfall in the economy. hence there comes the need for the proper planning and development for the growth of the economy and country as well

Shortage of medical drug(Remedesivir)

India on Sunday halted the export of anti-viral drug Remdesivir and its active pharmaceutical ingredients used in Covid-19 treatment, in the wake of a sudden spike in demand due to a steady rise in coronavirus disease cases across the country. In an official press release, the central government said it is expecting a “further increase in demand” for the drug in the coming days. The World Health Organization (WHO) last year in November found no evidence that the drug improved survival and other outcomes in Covid-19 patients.Several states in India have reported a shortage of the drug following a rise in its demand amid a record surge in Covid-19 infections across the country.Here’s a brief timeline, mapping the drug’s journey:Remdesivir, originally developed to treat hepatitis C and subsequently tested against Ebola, initially made the headlines during the early stages of research into the coronavirus disease treatment. It was WHO that first hit the brakes on Remdesivir’s prospects on November 20 last year, recommending that doctors avoid using the drug altogether.”There is currently no evidence that Remdesivir improves survival and other outcomes in these patients,” the WHO noted, citing detailed studies it sponsored. “The evidence suggested no important effect on mortality, need for mechanical ventilation, time to clinical improvement, and other patient-important outcomes.” Even so, Gilead Sciences Inc, the drug’s manufacturer, pushed back, saying it stood by Remdesivir and citing other studies supporting its efficacy.MORE FROM THIS SECTION Supreme Court in New Delhi.
Confident of vaccinating all above 18 by 2021 end: Govt tells Supreme Court Over the last two years, many studies have indicated that smoking and chewing tobacco can substantially increase the chance of adverse impact on the immune system of Covid-19 patients.World No Tobacco Day 2021: Why you should quit smoking now more than ever A file photo of fugitive diamantaire Mehul Choksi who was captured in Dominica. London legal eagles to protect Choksi from extradition to India Porters stand in a queue as an NGO distributes ration kit, medicine, sanitizer, oximeter, and thermometer at Moradabad Railway Station in Uttar Pradesh on May 29. (File photo)UP to ease Covid curfew in districts with less than 600 active cases Gilead, which manufactures the drug under the brand name ‘Vek lury’, issued a statement saying that it was “disappointed” in the WHO guidelines, which the company said ignored “robust evidence” from multiple randomised, controlled studies published in peer-reviewed journals that demonstrate its benefits. The company also listed key findings from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases’ (NI AD) A CTT-1 trials, which showed that the drug led to a “five-day faster recovery in hospitalized patients overall, and a seven-day faster recovery in people who required oxygen support at baseline, compared with placebo.” The findings from these trials were peer-reviewed and published in the New England Journal of Medicine, the company said, adding that the anti-viral drug’s inclusion has been supported in multiple treatment guidelines. The data has also supported regulatory approvals or temporary authorisations to treat Covid-19 in approximately 50 countries worldwide, it said.Speed is prized in the race to beat back Covid-19.
In December later that year, researchers from University of Cambridge in the United Kingdom, gave the drug to a patient with Covid-19 and a rare immune disorder and observed a dramatic improvement in his symptoms and the disappearance of the virus. The journal Nature Communications carried the new study, and soon several countries, including India, were reported to be using the drug, banking on the insight. Remdesivir, researchers suspected, was likely to be the most beneficial when administered early in infection, before the virus is able to trigger a potentially catastrophic immune response.As Covid-19 cases in India surged, so did the demand for Remdesivir and with it came indiscriminate usage, hoarding, and black marketers, causing artificial shortage to jack up prices. In a press conference this week, Maharashtra health minister Rajesh Tope said that the drug was being used indiscriminately without following appropriate official protocols. “The state is getting 50,000 doses every day and all of them are being consumed, leading to the shortage,” said Tope, adding, “Pharmacists and stockists might be doing black marketing and that needs to be checked.”The anti-viral dose was being used to treat Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) patients before it was directed for Covid-19 treatment last year. Currently, doctors and hospitals are prescribing the injection even for those suffering from the mild problem of breathlessness, Tope said, adding that it’s a violation of the protocol. The minister directed all district officials to ensure that every injection is used judiciously and cap the prices to check illegal hoarding.The owner of a medical store in Maharashtra’s Parbhani district was arrested last Thursday for selling a single vial of Remdesivir for ₹6000, a much higher price than the MRP of ₹4800. To overcome a panic over the shortage of Remdesivir and to prohibit the black marketing and stocking of the drug, hospitals in Pune have been asked to provide the injection to the patients as opposed to their family members or relatives buying the drug.The issue is not just limited to Maharashtra. As per a Reuters report, India’s drug regulator, the Central Drugs Standard Control Organisation (CDSCO), and several state governments in the recent days raised concerns over the hoarding and black marketing of Remdesivir, which in some instances is being sold at over 10 times the maximum retail price. Social media posts on Sunday showed large queues of people in the western state of Gujarat waiting to buy Remdesivir injections for Covid-19 patients.

Problems In Implementation Of Social legislation.

As we know problems in society are inevitable and because of these problems there arises the need for social work and social work is that field of knowledge that concerns with solving the problems of individual, community, and organisation, and to make their life happier and for this there are certain legislations or laws that are to be followed for the betterment of society. The role of social legislations is to mediate between the problems and solutions of the society but society is transforming at a rapid pace and social workers must do the same to provide the best support to their clients , but there are certain problems that has become hurdles for the implementation of social legislations in the required field.

Some of these problems that are hindering this process are :

  1. Health gap(limited access to health care )
  2. Social isolation
  3. Homelessness(migrant labourers)
  4. Extreme economic inequality
  5. Prejudice(negative perception)

1) health gap –health gap for example could be mental and physical and to bridge it government should take necessary steps in this direction be it (updating the medical facility and developement of mental fitness)

2) social isolation- social isolation generally means when a person feels or get isolated from the society and this could be possible through some reasons like failures ( professional)  or less socialisation in the society.

3)-homelessness- it is one of the biggest problems in the lives of strugglers who looks up to make their lives fruitful and start their carrier because  of lack of affordability people tend to live without shelters and eventually this leads to homelessness.

4) Extreme economic inequality-  it refers to the differences of individual’s income and wealth and it leads to obligations of certain legislation like sleeping and residing on footpaths has become a compulsion for beggars, poor people or migrants which is illegal by law but because of economic disparities and system failure this has become a bitter truth of our society.

5) Prejudice-when a person or society make up it’s mind about something and make generalizations about  before fully knowing about it. if we talk about the  pandemic vaccination derive most of the people have preassumed about the negative consequences of the dose without knowing and studying about the benefits of the same.

The above problems according to me are among the major problems that are faced by the social worker and the society as well, and to cope up with it a social worker needs to deep study in the areas of management and execution of social policy is an important element for the institutionalization of public policy which seeks to guarantee social rights therefore, the confrontation of the social challanges in this field become a fundamental question for the theoretical, ethical and technical legitimacy of the social work.

conclusion

Hence, in the conclusion we can say that sometimes natural practices or compulsions of a being are more vital with comparison to the implementation of social legislation. So in the pace of changing era government should study and figure out solutions regarding these hurdles by which the society would become a better place to live.