Centre asks states to engage with pvt sector to increase healthcare infrastructure, provide critical care at reasonable rates

The Centre has asked states to engage with the private sector for augmenting health care infrastructure and provisioning of critical care at reasonable rates. The Health Ministry said, some states have already taken initiatives in this regard. They have reached an agreement with the private sector on reasonable rates and arrangements to provide critical care for in-patient admissions. The Ministry said, there have been several reports indicating an emerging shortage of health care infrastructure including hospitals with ICU beds, ventilators, oxygen supported beds for management of COVID-19 patients. There have also been reports of overcharging by health care providers for COVID-19 treatment. It said, Pradhanmantri Jan Aarogya Yojana and CGHS package rates are already available with the states.

The Ministry said, in order to ensure that patients receive prompt, good quality and care at reasonable rates, it has been suggested to have consultations with the local private health care providers and arrive at reasonable rates. It has been suggested that the rates, once fixed, must be widely publicized so that both the patients and service providers are fully aware and capacities are used optimally. States have also been asked to proactively engage with the private sector health providers and consider pooling in public and private health care facilities, as this will help in providing prompt, good quality and reasonable health care to COVID-19 patients.

PM Narendra Modi to interact with Chief Ministers of 21 States, UTs this afternoon

Prime Minister Narendra Modi will interact with the Chief Ministers of all States and Union territories today and tomorrow at 3 P.M. He will interact with them through video conferencing. The Prime Minister will interact with 21 States and Union Territories today. These include Punjab, Assam, Kerala, Uttrakhand, Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Tripura, Himachal, Chandigarh, Goa, Manipur, Nagaland, Ladakh, Puducherry, Arunachal, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman Diu, Sikkim and Lakshadweep.

Tomorrow, Mr Modi will interact with 15 States and Union Territories – Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Delhi, Gujarat, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, West Bengal, Karnataka, Bihar, Andhra Pradesh, Haryana, Jammu And Kashmir, Telangana and Odisha.

AIR correspondent reports that Mr Modi held a detailed meeting with senior Ministers and officials, including Home Minister and Health Minister on 13th of this month to review India’s response to Covid-19 pandemic.

The meeting assumes significance in the wake of the rising number of Coronavirus cases in the country. This will be the sixth meeting of the Prime Minister with the Chief Ministers since the announcement of nationwide lockdown in March.

Currently, the country is under the fifth phase of the lockdown which entails much more relaxations than the previous ones. Under Unlock 1.0, the Centre and State Governments have eased several restrictions for the convenience of public and businesses to ensure that economic activities gather momentum.

SC Takes Suo Motu Cognizance Of Worst Conditions Of Hospitals

Without wasting any time, the highest court of our country which is the Supreme Court very rightly, very commendably and very consciously took suo motu cognizance of the most degrading, most deplorable and most dehumanizing treatment of the Covid-19 patients and dead bodies in the hospitals etc after watching it live in India TV news channel as also other news channels especially of LNJP hospital in Delhi which has shaken the whole country beyond belief! Chief Justice of India Sharad Arvind Bobde took cognizance of this most serious issue and assigned it to a three-Judge Bench as stated below. Former Union Law Minister and senior and eminent advocate of the Supreme Court Dr Ashwani Kumar too had written to the CJI on June 8 highlighting the undesirable and horrifying manner in which patients and the bodies were being mishandled!

                                           No doubt, we all always consider hospitals to be the safest refuge when we are not well. But after seeing what has been shown in different news channels about how the Covid-19 patients are treated, how they are thrown like animals and how even dead bodies keep lying unattended in hospitals. It is high time that the hospitals and the respective State governments must wake up from their deep slumber, see the ground reality for themselves and from now onwards stop trusting hospitals blindly under any circumstances!

                                            It goes without saying that hospitals too must be held accountable from now onwards just like other institutions. Those hospitals who don’t cater for their patients must be held accountable and punished most severely! There should be no mercy for them as they betray the very purpose for which hospitals are set up! Doctors and nurses who are found wanting also must be held fully accountable and penalized severely for it!  

                                           To start with, a 3 Judge Bench of Supreme Court comprising of Justice Ashok Bhushan, Justice Sanjay Kishan Kaul and Justice MR Shah in this crucial suo motu case registered as “In Re Proper Treatment of COVID-19 Patients And Dignified Handling Of Dead Bodies In The Hospitals, Etc. in Suo Motu Writ Petition (Civil) No(s). 7/2020  most crucially set the ball rolling by first and foremost observing that, “The cognizance of suo motu writ petition has been taken on the basis of media reports and programmes aired in several channels presenting horrific scenes from LNJP hospital, which is a Covid dedicated hospital. The India TV, in its programme on 10th June 2020, has shown certain videos which indicate the pathetic condition of the patients admitted in the hospital and the deplorable condition of the wards. The patients are in the wards and the dead bodies are also in the same wards. Dead bodies are seen also in the lobby and waiting area. The patients were not supplied with any oxygen support or any other support, no saline drips were shown with the beds and there was no one to attend the patients. Patients are crying and there is no one to attend them. This is the condition of the Government Hospital of Delhi which has capacity of 2000 beds. As per the Government App, only 870 beds were occupied in LNJP Hospital as on 11.06.2020. The Government App itself gives the details of beds occupied in the Government and Private hospitals in Delhi. In the Government hospitals, the number of beds is 5814, out of which 2620 are occupied.”

                             More damningly and more tellingly, it is then pointed out by the Apex Court Bench that, “The reports also indicate that the patients suffering from Covid-19 are running from pillar to post to get admission in the hospitals whereas large number of beds are lying vacant in Government hospitals. The large number of beds in Government Covid Hospital being vacant in a situation where patients suspected of Covid-19 are running from pillar to post to get admission in any hospital tells about the mismanagement and sorry state of Government hospitals in Delhi. The State is not only duty bound to increase the number of beds but also to provide appropriate infrastructure and staff for manning the Covid-19 patients. The pathetic condition of the patients and improper care and treatment of the patients shown by the media has pained this Court.”

                                  While rapping the State Government of NCT of Delhi and its officers on its knuckles, the Apex Court Bench then further minces no words to observe that, “The State on whom the duty lies to take care of health of its citizens cannot abdicate its responsibility of ensuring that all hospitals including Government hospitals take care of the Covid-19 patients. The duty of the State of NCT Delhi does not end in informing the people that it has arranged 5814 beds in Government hospitals and 9535 beds including private hospitals. The State and its officers are also duty bound to ensure that patients are taken care, attended, provided all medical facility, the hospitals have necessary infrastructure and staff.”

                 Going ahead, the Apex Court Bench then further observes that, “We have also noticed that the Government App of Delhi itself indicates that the number in testing of Covid-19 patients has gone down in the month of June, 2020 as compared to the month of May 2020. On 27th May 2020, the number of samples tested is 6018, on 9th June 2020, the number is 4670, on 11th June 2020, the total testing in Delhi is reported as 5077 whereas in the State of Maharashtra as 16,000 and in the State of Tamil Nadu as 17675. The media reports indicate that there is an increase in the number of patients affected by Covid-19 every day in the entire country especially in Delhi, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Chennai and Ahmedabad. The number of patients increasing day by day is 10,000 or more per day. We do not understand why the tests have gone down in State of NCT Delhi. Non-testing of the patients is not a solution to the problem rather increase in the testing facility is the duty of the State, so that people may come to know about their health status regarding Covid-19 and they may take appropriate care and treatment of Covid-19.”

                     While strongly recommending more testing, the Apex Court Bench then states that, “We impress upon the States to ensure that there should be steep increase in the testing both by Government hospitals and private labs and whosoever desires for testing should not be denied on any technical ground or any other ground. The States may consider simplifying the procedure so that more and more tests be held to benefit the patients.”

                                  Why talk about Delhi alone? Why not talk about other states also? Why should they be not discussed?

                                        As it turned out, the Apex Court Bench then pointed out that, “We have also noticed that apart from Delhi, there is a grim situation in the other States also, more particularly, in the States of Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal and Gujarat.”

                                 What’s more, the Bench also then brings out that, “Mr. Tushar Mehta, learned Solicitor General appearing for the Union of India submits that although there are Covid-19 Guidelines on Dead Body Management issued by the Government of India, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Directorate General of Health Services on 15.03.2020 which are in the nature of directives, we notice that there is no proper adherence to the guidelines nor the hospitals are giving due care and concern to the dead bodies.”

                                      Worse still, the Bench then also notes that, “The patients’ relatives are not even informed for several days of the death of the patient as has been reported in the media. It is also brought to our notice that the details of cremation as to when the dead body will be cremated are not even informed to their close relatives. Due to which the families of the patients are not even able to see the dead bodies or attend their last funeral rites.” This a terrible and pathetic state of affairs! What can be worse than this?

                               Needless to say, the Apex Court Bench then states that, “All these facts, which have been brought to the notice of the Court by the media reports, clearly indicate a very sorry state of affairs of the patients of Covid-19 in the Government hospitals in the NCT of Delhi as well as in other States.”

                                         What followed next was ostensibly as anticipated and as the Bench lays bare that, “We, thus, issue notice to the Union of India, NCT of Delhi, States of Maharashtra, West Bengal, Tamil Nadu and Gujarat as well as to the LNJP Hospital in Delhi. We shall also consider issuing notice to other states, Government and Private hospitals subsequently.”

                                            Furthermore, the Bench then adds that, “Mr. Tushar Mehta, learned Solicitor General accepts notice on behalf of the Union of India and Mr. Sanjay Jain, learned ASG accepts notice on behalf of the NCT of Delhi.”

                                            To put things in perspective, the Bench then further adds that, “Let notice be served to other States through the standing counsel of the States as well as through the Chief Secretaries of the State Governments. LNJP hospital, Delhi be also noticed through its Director. We direct that the Chief Secretaries of the States shall immediately take appropriate notice of the status of patients’ management in the Government hospital in their respective States and take remedial action. Status report with regard to Government hospitals, patient care and the details of the staff, infrastructure etc. should be brought before the Court so that appropriate directions be issued by the Court as found necessary on the next date of hearing.”

                                        Finally, the Bench then in the concluding part concludes by observing that, “Notice be issued today itself by the Registry. List the matter on 17.06.2020 for further consideration. Let the affidavit be filed either by the Chief Secretaries or Secretary, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare of the concerned States. With regard to LNJP hospital, Delhi in addition to affidavit by the Chief Secretaries or Secretary, Ministry of Health and Family welfare, affidavit be also filed by the Director of Medical Superintendent of LNJP hospital. Referring to reports in media showing deplorable state of affairs in the hospital.”   

                                               As a corollary, the Delhi government immediately swung into damage control mode and said that it accepted the court’s observations with the “utmost respect and with absolute sincerity”.  It also made it known that, “The Delhi government is determined to provide health care for all to ensure best possible treatment to each COVID-19 patient. But, if there are any gaps that still remain and is brought to our notice we will act on them sincerely and immediately.”

                                                 It must be brought out here that Delhi recorded 1877 new corona virus cases on June 11, its highest single day spike taking the tally in the city to over 34,000 mark, according to health authorities. The death toll stood at 1085. Delhi has the third highest number of corona virus cases in India after Maharashtra and Tamil Nadu.

                                           In conclusion, this latest, landmark and extremely laudable wake-up call coming directly from the Apex Court must cause the concerned States and concerned hospitals to immediately swung into action and make the necessary corrections. There can be no excuses or reasons of any kind on this as it directly concerns the lives of the people! The AAP government in Delhi must especially take effective and speedy action to ensure that the deplorable, degrading and detesting conditions of even big hospitals like LNJP are promptly redressed so that the Supreme Court never again is pained to issue compelling directives as we see now!    

Sanjeev Sirohi, Advocate,

s/o Col BPS Sirohi,

A 82, Defence Enclave,

Sardhana Road, Kankerkhera,

Meerut – 250001, Uttar Pradesh.

3 Reasons Why a Marketing Degree is a Smart Degree

Marketing is a highly competitive and rewarding field. Businesses across every industry rely on marketing professionals to generate awareness of their brand and increase sales of their products and services. If you’re a strategic and creative problem-solver, then a career in marketing could be right for you.
Here are three reasons why you should consider pursuing a degree in marketing:

Marketing is a diverse career choice:

As a marketing student, you’re exposed to a variety of different subject areas and disciplines. For example, marketers need to understand basic business principles as well as elements of psychology to understand consumer behavior. Marketing graduates are able to apply their skills to a variety of different tasks, such as developing advertisements, creating websites, writing content, handling consumer research and/or leading marketing strategy. As a marketing student, you have the opportunity to find the type of marketing career that aligns with your interests and strengths.

Your skills are always in demand:

A degree in marketing ensures that you know how to communicate effectively and think creatively — invaluable skills in today’s job market. In fact, college graduates with strong communication and computer skills have the best career prospects and greater opportunities for career advancement. Marketing students develop critical research, analysis and problem-solving skills that can be applied to careers in sales, advertising, product development and public relations for both companies and agencies.

The future of marketing is digital:

Digital technology is changing the way that we interact with our world, and that includes the way consumers engage with companies and brands. Successful marketers are both analytic and creative since they use data to understand consumer behavior, develop brand strategy and make informed marketing decisions. It’s also important for marketers to understand how to leverage technology to motivate and engage consumers. If you’re a detail-oriented problem solver with a knack for thinking outside the box, then a career in marketing might be the perfect fit for you.
From TV advertisements to billboards to catchy jingles, marketing is all around us. As a marketing student, you’ll learn to develop, visualize and communicate ideas in a way that is not only creative but practical. Even more importantly, a marketing degree opens the door to many diverse career opportunities in a rapidly growing field.
Interested in a degree in marketing? Learn more here. 
Jason Morgan is the Campus President at the Herzing University – Minneapolis campus. Earlier in his career, Mr. Morgan held executive positions for various Fortune and Global 500 staffing organizations. He holds a Bachelor of Business Administration in marketing from Stephen F. Austin State University and a Master’s in Education with specialization in curriculum and instruction from Concordia University in Portland, Oregon.

LEVELS OF MANAGEMENT

The level of management is an important classification needed for an organization to work smoothly and operationally to complete the needed work and all the employees working in an organization/institution can be divided into two categories:

                             1. Managerial Members

                             2. Non-Managerial Members

1. Managerial Members

 In this category, all such persons are included who manage somebody, they are called managers because they manage some of the other people. Thus they have all the subordinates. The Chief Executive officer or CEO ranks higher in this hierarchy and departmental managers are subordinate to the CEO. Supervisors work under the departmental managers and so they are subordinate to them. In the same manner, workers are subordinate to supervisors. Except for workers, all others are called managers irrespective of their designation. He is the manager only who builds managerial levels. “The best executive is the one who has sense enough to pick good men to do what he wants done, and self-restraint to keep from meddling with them while they do it.” 

Employees working in an organization build a chain of hierarchy and that is known as “ Chain of Authority”. This chain links all ranks in a vertical form. In this manner, this chain from top to bottom builds many managerial posts, which are termed as managerial levels. The term level of management refers to a line of demarcation between various management positions in an organization. As we move from top to bottom the degree of authorities goes on decreasing. In the top management, the members who occupy the seat are entrusted with the responsibility of planning and executing broad policy decisions. Manages of all major activities areas can be referred to as top management. The top management generally performs the following functions:

  1. Laying down guidelines for the various departmental heads.
  2. Organizing the business into various sections and departments for the accomplishment of predetermined goals.
  3. Setting out general objectives and policies.
  4. Making appointments to top positions such as appointments of managing director, secretary, departmental heads, etc.
  5. Reviewing the work of executives and ensuring their performance at different levels.
  6. Budgets prepared by different managers are given final shape i.e., approval is given to the budget.
  7. To understand the interlocking of departments in major policies.
  8. To ensure that there is coordination between the different parts of the organization.
  9. To build the company spirit where all are working to provide a product or service wanted by others.

2. Non-Managerial Members

In this category, those employees are included who work directly on the job. The place at which such employees work is known as a platform area. Since they are at the lowest level of the chain in an organization, they do not have any subordinates, that is why they cannot be called as managers. For this very this they are not counted among the level of management and that is why they form the Non-Managerial level. They are the main base or the building block for the organization as the company depends upon their work to run the company smoothly and efficiently and greater the workforce the greater the productivity.

What to do at the time of depression!!!

If you’re depressed to feel a little bit better and I want to make sure you understand what those are but first I want to start by helping you understand what the typical signs and symptoms are:

1- One of the most common signs of depression is a feeling of sadness or irritability that is really pervasive and doesn’t seem to go away no matter what you do if you’re with friends if you’re by yourself the sadness just sort of becomes your reality irritability can also be present and this is much more typical in teens that they will present with more irritability than sadness when they’re dealing with depression.

adult alone anxious black and white
Photo by Kat Jayne on Pexels.com

2- Feeling really hopeless and this can be hopeless about getting better it can be a sense of hopelessness about the future and the ability of sort of achieving your hopes and dreams and again it’s a very tough symptom to deal with because other people can tell you, know you have so much to look forward to or this great thing is happening in your life but if you’re really struggling with depression that hopeless this just kind of takes over and keeps you stuck.

pensive elderly woman in eyeglasses and trendy bomber
Photo by Retha Ferguson on Pexels.com

3- You should be aware of is something called anhedonia. This is really a fancy way of saying a loss of interest in things that you previously used to enjoy so for example you might really be into gardening and all of the sudden you find that no matter how many times you garden or if you try to garden there’s just not the same joy that you’re getting out of it that you used to or maybe you used to really be really social and enjoy spending time with your friends and you find that you just can’t bring yourself to get out of the house and to go and interact with these friends and it’s really difficult to deal with because it’s very hard to motivate yourself. When the things that really used to be what got you out of bed and got you ready for the day no longer hold the same enjoyment and pleasure.

man in blue and brown plaid dress shirt touching his hair
Photo by Nathan Cowley on Pexels.com

4- Either decreased concentration and/or indecision the difficulty with making decisions and this can be really difficult when you have to function either in the workplace or you have a lot of responsibilities at home because you’ll find that it’s harder to complete the tasks that you need to complete and if you do need to make decisions there’s almost like this decision paralysis where you find that you just can’t get yourself to the place of making choices.

adult alone black and white blur
Photo by Kat Jayne on Pexels.com

5- You should be aware of our changes in sleep and this can be either that you find yourself sleeping a lot more than you used to and having like a really hard time getting out of bed maybe you’ve never been a Napper and all of the sudden you’re taking a nap every day on the other side of the spectrum many people who are struggling with depression find that they can’t sleep that they’re racked with insomnia for the first time in their life and they’re laying in bed and their thoughts just keep running around and they’re feeling sad and they’re feeling hopeless and so either too much or too little sleep is a really cardinal sign of depression that you should be aware.

man in black shirt and gray denim pants sitting on gray padded bench
Photo by Inzmam Khan on Pexels.com

6- You should be aware of our changes in appetite or weight and this can be either in the positive or the negative depression sometimes when people are depressed they find that they use food for comfort and end up eating a lot more than typical and gaining weight and sometimes when people are depressed they lose their appetite completely and don’t eat at all and find that they lose weight so if you’ve had any significant weight changes within the last couple months and you also have some of the other signs and symptoms we’re talking about it might be a good idea to consider that there’s some level of depression going on that you’re struggling with so another.

woman in white shirt showing frustration
Photo by Andrea Piacquadio on Pexels.com

7- Lastly sign of depression that we’re going to talk about today is a sense of worthlessness so and really this is very difficult for people to handle because it’s a sense that no matter what they do they’re not enough their life is not enough and it won’t ever be enough and this is such a difficult thing to be dealing with and so I think my overall message as you’re learning about these signs of depression is that if you’re experiencing these please reach out and make an appointment with a licensed professional to talk about this because this is something that can get better and you don’t need to struggle with it on your own if you think that you or someone you love might be struggling with depression please reach out and make an appointment with a licensed professional for an evaluation there are many therapeutic techniques that can help you or someone you love feel better and so I strongly encourage you not to hesitate to get the help that you need.

man wearing the joker makeup
Photo by Jhefferson Santos on Pexels.com

Call on +91 730 459 9836 for a better help to Vandrevala Foundation if you are feeling depressed or you find someone else depressed. (https://www.vandrevalafoundation.com)

 

 

HOW PERSONALITY WILL HELP YOU SEARCH FOR A JOB

GET TO KNOW YOURSELF BETTER:You may prepare to research your strengths and shortcomings during an interview, yet how well does one truly comprehend them? “You’ll want to assess any gaps in your skills, but once you check out these from the attitude of your personality and values, you’ll gain a sensible , genuinely insightful understanding of your true pattern of strengths and weaknesses,” Schofield states. The outcome? You will seem more genuine, mature and mindful just in case of applications and interviews. Everyone has shortcomings; on the off chance that we can exhibit that we as of now perceive our own, and know how to overcome or direct them in a positive manner, this may run over much superior to a half-hearted stock-phrase
You will come better off with your interview preparation, and when you’re straightforward about whether you’re a solid match for the job, you’ll have a superior chance of getting an interview call.
YOU WOULD BETTER YOUR COMMUNICATION SKILLS AND BECOME a far better PROSPECT:Communication skills are critical for qualifying for majority jobs, and they’re vital in terms of getting the specified career opportunities.
Getting to understand others’ communication styles and the way they convey with you is similarly as critical as going to know your own. When you got a firm grip on your own abilities, personas and interests as they identify together with your job search, you’ll be a far better off applicant and more inclined to get the job post interview.
YOU WOULD REFRAIN FROM APPLYING FOR UNSUITABLE JOBS:You can be more sure and assured when trying to find employment on the off chance that you simply comprehend what has clothed wrong previously. On the off chance that you simply continue missing on career opportunities that appear to be perfect matches, you’ll wish to point your finger on what clothed wrong.
Schofield states that “Self-assessment and an understanding of organizational culture and cultural fit can help us recognize the explanations why previous applications or positions might not have figured out .”
NARROWING DOWN ON YOUR JOB/CAREER OPTIONS BECOMES POSSIBLE:Try to not consider the foremost generic factors about the job/career, e.g. regardless of whether it’s the right pay grade, prospects and site . These are extremely critical factors to think about , however numerous positions fit these fundamental, practical criteria.
Do you incline towards a more organized environment with hands-on guidance, or an adaptable one where initiative is awarded? Is it more vital to possess a supportive, friendly team of work-mates , or the prospect to fill in as independently as would be prudent?
Your persona will direct your responses to those questions. Schofield describes, “When you cut down the choices , it allows you to specialise in quality over quantity – a smaller number of more tailored applications with a better probability of success.”
YOU WOULD KEEP SURPRISES AT BAY:Organizations know the value of deciding on a poor hiring decision, and that they are progressively attempting to differentiate and parse individual differences and sync with cultural fit. While not all organizations incorporate a personality evaluation as a neighborhood of the appliance , it isn’t bizarre for potential and current employers to anticipate applicants and current will finish some sort of psychometric test. This is what Schofield has to say.
On the off chance that you comprehend the information and procedures engaged with psychometric assessments, you’ll have a head start on replying to difficult questions and mollify concerns employers may have about your fit. The most ideal approach to try to to this is often to require self-evaluation tests yourself so you’ll be all around informed and prepared .
These were a couple of inputs with regards to your personality and the way wouldn’t it help to land employment .

Racism- A shame!

Discriminating between people on the basis of the skin colour or nationality is called Racism.
It is one of the growing causes of murders in today’s world.
I ask this question to all of the people who hate or discriminate between people on the basis of their skin tone, WHY?? How is it their fault that they have a dark skin tone? Who gave you the right to decide that black people don’t have the same rights as the fair people? Who taught you that black people don’t even have the right to live? Who are you to decide?

The discrimination on the basis of skin colour has been going on since ages and is seen everywhere. Why is it that only the people with a fair skin tone are considered to be beautiful. While every time the adjective ‘ ugly ‘ is portrayed it is mostly a picture of a person with a dark skin tone. May it be in the movies, in picture books for children or in the ads that we see on television about getting a fair skin tone to look beautiful and liked by a man and be chosen for marriage. Why is it that only the fair people are acknowledged as beautiful?

I would like to share some scientific points with the people who are Racist. I want them to know that they lack education and it’s okay to call them illiterate. To the ones holding degrees and devoted their life to education but are still racist, it was all of no use.
Here are the scientific reasons give the colour to the skin

• Melanin
It’s the pigment that is responsible for the skin colour of humans. Melanin is made by the melanocytes.
In the people with dark skin tones, the production of melanin is much more as compared to the people with light skin tone. However, the amount of melanin present in the human body for all the skin tones is same but if the production of melanin in human body increases, the skin tone becomes dark.
While the light skin tone is due to less melanin present in the body, where the skin colour is dominantly determined by the bluish white connective tissue called dermis.

• Ultraviolet radiations of the sun
The reason behind the increase in the production of melanin is the absorbance of the UVR of the sun. When the UVR penetrates in the skin, the production of melanin increases in order to protect the skin from getting damaged.
We know that the vitamin D from the rays of the sun is good for the body but an excessive amount of it can be harmful and may lead to skin cancer.
A study shows that people with light skin tone suffer from skin cancer more as compared to the people with dark skin tones.

• Geographical variations
The region in which a person is born and lives is also responsible for skin tone.
The people who live in regions close to the equator are of dark skin tone as they are more exposed to the sun which causes increase in melanin production.
As for the people who live in the regions near the poles are light skin toned due to less exposure to the sun.

• Genetic
The understanding of this concept is incomplete. For all that we know that ‘n’ number of years ago, our ancestor had a dark skin tone. More than 20,000000 people share the same ancestor.

Also the genes of the parents decide the skin colour of the child.
There are vast details of these points that I’ve tried to described in brief. No human is responsible for the skin colour that they have and every human is beautiful in their own way.

I would like to shed some light on the most recent incident that took place showcasing the lowest level of cruelty and ugliness.

An incident took place on 25th May, 2020 in Minneapolis, Minnesota where a 46-year-old man, George Floyd, was brutally killed by a white policeman named Derek Chauvin. George was arrested for allegedly using counterfeit bill (limited currency that is produced without the sanction of the government). The policeman knelt on the neck of George Floyd for almost 9 minutes as he was handcuffed and lied facing down the floor. He kept on saying “I can’t breathe.” He begged for his life as two other police officers restrained him and a fourth one prevented public interference. In the last 3-4 minutes he was motionless and the people around kept requesting the officer to remove his knee but he ignored them all. He removed his knee only when the medics told him to.

The autopsy reports proved that his death was homicide (murder).
As the whole incident was recorded on the cameras the four officers were fired and punished.

His death was a result of police racism and brutality. There are many other incidents that take place all over the world because of hatred for black people but are unnoticed.

Even in our day to day life, we observe racism everywhere. Girls with dark skin tones worry about their marriage. They try to lighten their skin tone by using make up products just to blend in the society and for people to accept them. While young people tease people with dark skin tones by using phrases and words that consult the black colour. Some companies prefer people with light skin tone over the dark ones because they feel black people are less presentable than the white ones. It doesn’t matter what talent they have or how good they are as a human; they are always given less opportunities and are neglected. Why make life so difficult for them at every step?

This causes a negative impact on their life and lowers their self-confidence. Inferiority complex sinks deep within them.

This often leads to mental health problems.
People proudly say that black is their favourite colour, then why do they have so much hatred for people with dark skin tones?

I hereby request everyone to stop being a racist. Every human has equal rights to decide the life that they want and must be given equal opportunities.

Change your perspective to look at black as ugly. Stop calling people names because it is not always funny. So, what if they are black? They are perfect and you are no one to decide otherwise. Live and let live.

It’s not the outer beauty that shows humanity, it is what you have inside of you, your thoughts that show you are human. It’s the only thing that makes you beautiful.

Hima Das nominated for “Khel Ratna”award

Hima Das popularly known as “Dhing Express”, 20- year old Indian Sprinter from Assam has been nominated for the prestigious Khel Ratna Award by the State Government of Assam. Assam sports secretary Dulal Chandra Das sent the letter of recommendation to the sports ministry on June 5.

She is one of the youngest nominees for Khel Ratna this year. She became the first Indian Woman Athlete to win Gold medal in global track event at IAAF World U20 Championship in speed of 51.46 seconds. She won a number for gold medals at smaller events in 2019.At Asian Games in 2018, she won a silver medal in the 4×400-metre mixed relay.Hima Das was interested in sports since childhood.

The list of Hima Das records-

  • July 2, 2019: Hima Das bagged 200m gold in Poznan Athletics Grand Prix in Poland in 23.65 seconds.
  • July 7, 2019: Hima Das won 200m gold at the Kutno Athletics Meet in Poland in 23.97 seconds.
  • July 13, 2019: Das won 200m gold at the Kladno Athletics Meet in the Czech Republic in 23.43 seconds.
  • July 17, 2019: Das won a gold medal in the 200m race at Tabor Athletics Meet Czech Republic in 23.25 seconds.
  • July 20, 2019: Das won a gold medal in the 400-metre event in Nove Mesto, Czech Republic, in 52.09 seconds.

Hima is already a recipient of Arjuna Award which she received in 2018 by the President of India.

DEPRESSION…a serial killer !

Why do we wait for something big and devastating to happen that opens our up eyes for issues that are serious and should be taken care of ?

Recently with the famous actor Shushant Singh Rajput passing away, as he committed suicide shook the whole nation about how a person who was so happy, excelling in his career, what made him take such a step? Suddenly I see whole of the social media getting flooded with things on mental illness, depression , anxiety , importance of it and so on .….

This issue isn’t something new that has born recently. It has always been a serious issue which all of us in some way or the other have neglected. There are plenty of people out there who have, and who are still suffering from mental disorders severely and some acutely. Mental health is something we all need to take care of.

MENTAL ILLNESS AND DEPRESSION

Clinical depression has been linked to other mental illnesses, such as anxiety disorders, panic disorder, social phobia, and generalized anxiety disorder.

MY EPIPHANY…

Depression is debilitating.

Some people acknowledge it, some think it’s an attention call. For me, depression is like that bundle of laundry that you don’t want to show in your Instagram pictures. I never want to show my heap of laundry to the world, I want my life to seem content and put together, as if I folded and put away all my laundry right out of the dryer.

Depression can be the hardest when others just don’t understand you. Never ask anybody how they can be so sad that they could contemplate suicide. Because honestly most of the people in that situition don’t know. How did they make it to this moment? What did they do to deserve this sorrow?

Nobody really knows how to explain depression to someone. It’s so different for everyone and comes in so many different forms. Some people explains their depression as a weight that holds them down. Others describe it as a shadow that looms in the back of their mind, always taunting and trying to tear them down and then sometimes, depression is described like they are sinking. It’s like dabbling in an ocean of poison and barely catching your breath before you’re dragged back under. I don’t think people understand that depression is persistent. Some days it doesn’t feel as burdensome, it doesn’t tug and pull as hard. And other days, it knocks you down before you can even get out of bed.

I am always fighting this constant battle with myself past many years .. Yes! Me I may smile and laugh and seem happy, but know that, somewhere, in the back of my mind I’m struggling. It makes me feel like a failure, no matter what my successes. I feel worthless and like I’m a burden on everyone around me. After entering my teenage years till now I’ve been aggressive, argumentative used to reacting quickly on situations without understanding them, used to getting upset on small little things and have been called dramatic. It has become one of my biggest triggers, because most of my life I haven’t had that fight to defend it.

I get sad without any reason so often that I’ve created safe spaces. Currently, my safe place is my bathroom floor. Probably about at least 1 time in a month you can find me locked in my bathroom on the floor, crying. The lock on that door is the only form of power I feel I have when I feel everything is parting away.
Many times I have found myself on that bathroom floor contemplating life and how to make it past that very moment, will I? I have to say how thankful I am that I haven’t followed through. Life is so hard. Sprinkle on some depression, heck, dump it on – and life is now even more hard. Sometimes the low gets so low that it seems to take over, overwhelming you in a way that you could not have imagined beforehand.

Dressed from Penny to Gucci it’s a misconception that smile is the finishing touch to most outfits.We all give off the impressions that we are happy but this can be a very inaccurate representation of what we are actually experiencing.
People always say you should talk to someone, tell someone,but how do you put words on something so hard to even understand yourself? How do u explain someone that u want to live your life in peace but also you don’t know how you can? How do u explain that this no longer feels like a choice, that it controls you not the other way around.

Of course we are encouraged to TALK more these days but some of us including me wont even know where to start. some of us will Feel like we don’t have anyone to talk to and others will simply be sick of talking. Sometimes we do so much talking and thinking about whats going in our heads that we get even more confused by our own thoughts. This often leads us to say ‘ENOUGH’ and once again putting back on the brave face and deluding smile. By this we fail to get to the roots of our suffering. I am guilty of smiling so many times when I am actually freaking out from inside.
Why is it so hard to accept our own sufferings ? Well its not facile to accept your suffering because of thoughts in your head and ultimately your ego believes that you shouldn’t be suffering. That makes suffering and challenges we experience in life so much more daunting, arduous and scary.

Depression doesn’t have a face. you never know who is the girl around you always happy and cheerful must be struggling from inside or the boy who shows himself so tough maybe he needs someone to listen to him or be there for him. Nobody really knows how much the other person is hurt. We could really be beside someone who’s world is falling apart and we wouldn’t even know.

THE BIGGEST MISCONCEPTION OF THOSE WHO ARE SUICIDAL

People who believe those are suicidal are selfish- that they only think about themselves and not their loved ones. This is wrong ….. often those who are suicidal truly believe their loved are better off without them because they are such a burden.

Ergo, its important to be kind and tell others how much they mean to you even on their bad days. Often, people tend to not give enough importance to the person who’s suffering from mental issues and rather than giving a smile or telling the person that ‘they understand’, ‘they’re listening’ and that ‘they are there for the person’ they slightly bob their head, as if they understood yet they don’t.

There are people who often say that we can talk to them and they are always there, but when the time comes and we actually need help , they tell us to help our selves or often come to the conclusion that ‘we are in the problem because of our own wrong doings’.This far more worsens the situation for the person going through it. We are nobody to judge which  problem is big or small because we all are different and feel different emotions.

I HOPE YOU CHECK UP ON PEOPLE OFTEN EVEN IF THEY HAVE A BRIGHT SMILE, BECAUSE OFTEN BEHIND THAT BRIGHT SMILE THEY MIGHT BE FIGHTING THEIR OWN HIDDEN BATTLES.

Whenever someone says you have hurt them, don’t shut them out. You don’t get to decide if u have hurt them or not. Don’t make them feel like a fool for expressing their feelings. Don’t always be self-righteous and think you can never make a mistake. If knowingly or unknowingly your actions hurt someone, avoid doing it. You can save someone just by being kind and being there for them.

WHAT TO SAY :

  • You are not alone in this
  • You are important to me
  • You have me! And prove them not just saying it for heck of saying
  • I am not going to leave in your tough times
  • Tell them you care for them and what worth they hold
  • Tell them you understand ( only if you really do)
  • Assure them they are not weak or defective
  • Emphasize that there’s hope

It’s possible that you can say all the “correct” things and your friend will still become upset with you. Each individual have their own unique thoughts and feelings, and being irritated and upset is the nature of depression. Sometimes people will take it out on those trying to help them because they are hurting and don’t know where to direct those bad feelings. Whoever is nearby becomes a convenient target. If this happens, try not to take it personally. Stay serene and continue to do what you can to love and support your friend in whatever way they will allow.

WHAT NOT TO SAY :

Avoid saying such phrases

  • Don’t think about it
  • Be positive
  • I know how you feel – never say this because nobody really knows how the other person feels or is going through
  • Count your blessings
  • Your mood is bringing everyone down around you
  • Just smile and let it go
  • Its all in your head
  • No one ever said life was fair

Many people with depression think they are just feeling sad, and that it will go away with time. For some people, it does just that. But for 15 million others, depression is a constant feeling that does not go away on its own. In fact, WHO found that depression is the second greatest reason for disability in the world. 

I know everyone out there may not have depression, but everyone definitely have something hard they’ve experienced, everyone have something to share and everyone have something to relate to. We are nobody to judge someone else’s problem no matter how big or small it is. Well small issues only take a bigger step and why wait for that oblivious stage to come,why not lend a hand in the initial stages.

Let’s be vocal about our hard times, it’s healing, not embarrassing.

WE SHOULDN’T IGNORE WHAT IS HAPPENING IN OUR HEAD BECAUSE  ITS WHERE ALL OUR HOPES AND DREAMS LIVE.

The future of Information Technology

The future of information technology(IT) is very bright and promising. We are already living in IT revolution era. It is one of the trends which is emerging very rapidly. Huge amount of development is expected in future in the sector, but as the world develops, new emerging information technologies will pop-up on the market for business to gain competitive advantage.

The biggest challenge to IT in future is security. Security could negatively impact to public network. The biggest problem isn’t the machine, its the people involved at every level, inside & out.

Something should be done to solve these problems. However, more technologies will be developed to simplify the way we use it at work, home and everywhere in our life.

More technologies will emerge as the world develops, because of our demands will change with time. So it is up – to – us to be literate and learn how to take advantage of future information technology.

The Greatest Religion – National Integrity.

The problem of National Integration is universal and it involves reconciliation of all diversities to build up national solidarity. Nationalism and regionalism do not go together. If Nationalism represents the ‘forces of unity and cohesion’, regionalism is a symbol of ‘Particularistic identity’.

The process of National Integrations, therefore, tries to achieve both —the forces of national unity, solidarity and cohesion and the regional identity and freedom. In brief, national integration helps building up the national character out of the individual character. It involves national cohesiveness through territorial unity. Amidst socio-cultural, regional, religious, linguistic and economic diversities, national integration aims at the process of uniting together various parts of the society into a “functions whole”, where in there shall be “reduction of all barriers and tolerance of all differences unity, shared values and consensus.”

However, national integration lacks a precise definition. To a common man, the term ‘integration’ implies ‘the process of becoming a whole’. It is more a psychological, behavioural and emotional concept. In a limited sense, it (National integration) believes in a sense of territorial nationality which overshadows or eliminates the subordinate parochial loyalties .

National integration is highly necessary in a multi-religious, multi-ethnic, multi-caste, multi-regional society like India. Realizing the need of it, the National Integration Conference organised in 1961, had suggested a code of conduct for political parties. Besides the suggestions of the National Integration Conference, some other steps can be recommended for securing high level of national integration.

(1) Promotion of Secularism:

The spirit of secularism is highly necessary in Indian multi-religious society. For this reason the National Integration Conference of 1961, suggested that no political party should indulge in any activity aggravating the differences or causing any tension between various castes, communities or linguistic groups. There is a demand to ban all communal parties and communal organisations by which the danger of communalism can be made less serious. Any sorts of activities creating communal reactions in the public mind should be prohibited. No discrimination among the people on the grounds of religion should be made.

2) Cultural Integration:

Recognizing the existence of a wide range of groups, inter-group relations should be promoted in India. Though not uniformity, yet unity among the people can be created with a common set of values. National goal or national objectives generate cultural integration which partially favours emotional integration of the nation.

(3) Economic Development:

Regional imbalance in economic development and acute poverty of certain section of the people impose serious impediments in the achievement of national integration. Despite the adoption of five-year economic planning’s and a number of socio-economic welfare measures, poverty continues as a serious problem. A great chunk of people remain far away of national mainstream. Economic development means the development of whole people and the development of entire nation. Special efforts are necessary in this direction to ensure common national prosperity.

Education:

Illiterate and ignorant people cannot be conscious of the values of national integration. Education only can promote faith in the integrity and the moral worth of the individual. The educational institutions can play important role as forums for arousing the spirit of national integration.

The study and solution of various social problems can be assigned to the educational institutions. In case of higher educational institutions like colleges and universities, exchange of teachers and students from one institution to another for lectures or seminars can promote national integration. Reading materials used by students in schools and colleges should be properly examined to avoid communalization of text books.

Political and Administrative Measures:

Since India is a federal-democratic country, its integration in all respects should also be done on a democratic basis. Each ethnic, caste, tribal, religious and linguistic group should have freedom for protecting and promoting their own culture and traditions. Analyzing the process of national integration in India, Prof. Rasheeduddin Khan has observed that it means cohesion not fusion, unity but not uniformity, reconciliation but not merger, agglomeration but not assimilation, solidarity but not regimentation of the people constituting our political community. Emotional integration with the development of a strong brotherhood among the people, discourage the growth of separatism, regionalism or secessionism.

The agencies of media both electronic and print should be used for inculcating a national outlook. Academic seminars and entertainment programmes on the theme of communal harmony should be organised. Cultural Academies should be established and they should work for strengthening the movement for unity.

Non-Government Organisations:

Besides the govern­mental steps, non-government social service organisations can play an important role in strengthening the process of national integration. These organisations can create necessary social awareness for bringing social reforms and change in the mind set of the people. Emergence of awareness can subsequently promote national integration .

SOCIAL MEDIA:A BOON OR A BANE FOR SOCIETY AND INDIVIDUALS!

WHAT IS SOCIAL MEDIA?

SOCIAL MEDIA is a platform which connects you with your friends and other users in a very convenient way, you can upload a profile, create and share your contents with other users.

HISTORY OF SOCIAL MEDIAL.

The first Social Media Site was created in 1997, named as SIX DEGREES. After this invention, social media became famous, sites like LinkedIn and MySpace gained popularity in the early 2000s, and two photo-sharing sites came in the market, named, Photobucket and Flickr. In 2005, an unprecedented thing came, and that is still eminent; YOUTUBE! In Youtube, users can create their profiles, create videos, watch videos, comment on other videos. In 2006, FACEBOOK and TWITTER made headway and gained users throughout the world. These sites are still the most popular SOCIAL NETWORKING SITES.

WORKING OF SOCIAL MEDIA?

There are many social networking sites available for the users, and each has billions of users. The very first step, the users are supposed to do is to create their profile, by providing name and an email address in the social networking site. Once the user creates his/her profile, they can create content, share contents, and share pictures with a caption. Apart from this, social media users can find the other users and add them to their friend list, or follow them. In Facebook users add friends, In Instagram and Twitter users, follow other users, In Youtube users subscribe to another user’s channels.

DIFFERENT TYPES OF SOCIAL MEDIA.

Social Networks: Facebook and Twitter are social networking sites, LinkedIn is a professional social networking site. These sites are used for connecting and exchanging thoughts.

Media Networks: Instagram and Youtube are media networking sites. These sites are used for distributing contents like photographs and videos. One user can create and upload their video or photo, and the other user can like or dislike the same.

Discussion Networks: Reddit is a discussion network. Users leave their responses in the comment section, and, users can respond directly to those comments.

Review Networks: Yelp and TripAdvisor are review networks. These sites add social media aspects to users reviews of products and services.

SOCIAL MEDIA: A BOON!

Connects Friends and Relatives: You can connect your old friends, relatives, make new friends, through Social Media. We live in an era of busy life, these platforms provide us with the chance to stay connected with our loved ones and build relationships with whom we are not able to meet personally.

Job Purpose: As we know, over 90% of the recruiters’ visits and review the social media profile of the job seeker, and they judge them based on their social activities as one’s profile tells about his/her likes and dislikes, hobbies, and skills.

Communication Barrier is Reduced: In social media, we are free to share our views, here, we can communicate with a large number of audiences and put our point. We can make groups, add the users of our choice, and can have conversations or can share information, and many more.

Educational Benefits: In today’s world, every second person is an active user of social media, it provides several chances for self-learning. Heaps of information are there, one may follow or subscribe to suitable pages or channels.

Updated: Pages available on social media are of different categories, which provide different information and news. The pages are updated 24/7, which give the fresh news always.

SOCIAL MEDIA: A BANE!

Addiction: Excess of everything is bad, many studies have shown that the excessive use of social media leads to addiction! The users make this a goal to post a picture every day, to chat with friends for the whole night.

Health Issues: In research, it is found that one negative post of a person will influence 1.3 negative posts by friends, this chain continues and leads to stress and negative moods. Excessive use of social media causes sleep disturbances.

Isolation: Human interaction is suffering because of the rapid increase of social media usage, people hide their actual identities behind their online identities. Face to face communication is reduced.

Reducing Productivity: A lot of chatting is one of the biggest blunders, students spend hours while chatting with their friends, and, waste time. They could have used this time for doing some creative work, learning something new or studies. Wired.com posted studies, which shows the damage to productivity caused by social media.

Privacy Issues: Few people get so much attached to social media, they share all the not required information in their profile. Sometimes your data may be misused for cyber-bullying or defamation.

Social Media is good to the extent when you use it for a good purpose, for gaining knowledge, for being connected with your friends and families. Don’t be dependent on it, don’t make this your life, don’t set your limit inside social media only. MAKE GOOD USE OF IT!

Almost 21 years to Kargil. How much you know about this Indo-Pak war?

KARGIL WAR also known as the KARGIL CONFLICT was an armed clash between India and Pakistan that took place starting from May 3 1999 to July 26, 1999, and lasted for about 2 months 3 weeks and 2 days. In Kargil District of Kashmir and in the Line of Control (LoC, military control line between India and Pakistan), the northern part of Jammu and Kashmir. For the Indian army, this was known as Operation Vijay (Vijay means Victory) and for the Indian Air Force, it was known as Operation Safed Sagar.
What you need to know before?
In the 1947-48 war, the northern area of Jammu and Kashmir was divided by LoC(during the first Kashmir war) and in 1998 both the countries India and Pakistan had nuclear powers. It was decided to avoid nuclear race and unexpected use of nuclear weapons, to evade non-conventional and conventional conflicts. Also, both the two countries agreed on CBM i.e. Confidence Building Measures which means if anyone tests for Missile, it has to be informed pre-testing. Just before the Kargil, in February 1999 Indian Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee visited Lahore and India-Pak signed the Lahore declaration(bus diplomacy).

Pic of Indo-Pak war of 1971.(Credits: INDIA TODAY)

What led to war?
Between February and May 1999, the Indian Military posts on LoC were occupied by Pak army units(Pakistan later declared such), and this information was informed by local shepherds to the Indian Army. The major aim was to detach the link between Kashmir and Ladakh, cause India to withdraw from the Siachen Glacier, urging India to negotiate a compromise of the Kashmir dispute. But our heroes ie Indian Army and Indian Air Force launched their attacks on Pakistani positions in the sector to recapture the higher posts. In the meantime, PM of Pakistan Nawaz Sharif went to the US to ask for help where president Bill Clinton instructed PM Sharif to bring troops back behind the LoC i.e. into Pakistan’s region. This was a turning point in American foreign policy with India as the US specified that Pakistan had intentionally disobeyed and violated the LoC near Kargil, President Bill Clinton blamed Pakistan for gambling a broader war.
Until 4 July the Indian army had captured strategic peaks like Tiger hill and many more. The army and navy fought at extreme temperatures of 10°C to 15°C. On 26 July 1999 India celebrated its victory by regaining the lost regions.
Highlights.
● India first time used BOFORS FH-77B in war. This turned out to be a massive help in winning the battle.
● Israel helped India with drones (UAVs).
● Some reports also suggest that the US denied GPS help. This could have been a crucial help, knowing the location of the army post and check post would be so profitable which later resulted in the development of the IRNSS system.

Post-war.
● After the war, Atal Bihari won elections in October 1999 and he was applauded for his successful dealing of the situation.
● The blame game started between General Parvez Musharraf and Prime Minister Sharif. PM Sharif resists that he didn’t even go to the US, also he came to know about the attack by India itself(CBM) and blames it as Musharraf’s plan.
● About years later PM Sharif in an interview said that Pakistan lost about 4000 soldiers in Kargil including the Shepherds who entered LoC.
● India appreciated every official’s harsh efforts by awarding the Param Veer Chakra to Manoj Kumar Pandey, Vikram Batra(Dil Mange More), Yogendra Singh Yadav and Sanjay Kumar.

EVERY YEAR ON JULY 26, INDIA CELEBRATES KARGIL VIJAY DIWAS REMEMBERING THE KARGIL HEROES WITH SAME PATRIOTISM.

Revisiting history of phones

From plants to tress and animal to men all, species communicate in their all manner and style. We as a human are capable of spoken language. Effective communication compromises of technology since its start in primitive times as communication is essential for variety of reasons. Human as a society use communication to inform, educate, entertain, inspire, establish power, buff and control the ambience around.

Communication

Communication is a way to imparting and exchanging information and messages. Communication is of two types and the important one is verbal communication that helped us in developing as a society.  It is not hard to imagine about the kind of life without any means of verbal communication.  Simply, non-progressive is what comes to the mind. However non-verbal communication has been the oldest mode of communication and exited before written and verbal but we couldn’t have achieved advancement with non-verbal.

Various mode

Advancement of communication did not happened in a day.  From nonverbal to verbal, it’s been long and hectic journey to form a developed civilization. One can imagine a world with no verbal communication in it.  One can’t even think about it.  Communication has mostly done a good for human existence’s and assisted it in good ways, often.  Communication has always exited in different forms. And it was only be possible through verbal communication as it gives human a chance to express and connect. It is such an important element of human survival and business success.  From print to electronic and to wireless mode, communication has witnessed a gradual change with passing time.  Many of these methods that are also called the initial stage to communicate were a unsystematic form of sign and symbols.  And it took around 3 million years to communicate in an intentional and manufactured format.  Among all the sets of language at their primitive stage, the most well-known is the painting being painted on cave walls by using fruits and animal bloods. Homo sapiens used to communicate to each and send signals through these paintings. This can be considered as the baby stepping in the world of communication.

Mode of communication

Print

 Johann Gutenberg is the man behind the invention of printing press in 1448. Technology utilized was a vision for a device that would utilize movable type using blocks with pre-printed text. Success of this vision allowed printing of books to be mass-produced and with effective cost cutting as well. Invention of printing press took the world with printing of pamphlet, books, magazine and the newspaper.

Electronic

People desire to progress quick and accurately lead to invention of electronic mode of communication.  Radio is another powerful and popular mode of communication. It was a new and portable form of communication and entertainment. It began to serve as communication with short wave length during First World War that turned as the hottest technology for communication and was invented in 1920s.


   Television

Termed as an idiot box, television was invented in 1939. With both audio and video, it gained popularity in no time. It can educate, entertain or inform audiences worldwide. With discovery of satellite, television has made world a global village. it now easy to get and witness information and happenings of one place sitting in another corner of the world. Technology of TV sends electronic transmissions that evident themselves on receiving devices as either sound or video in it. . There are many mode of communication that we use to connect with people around. It

Telephone to cell phone

In 1876, Alexander Bell, invented telephone by transmitting vibration through air and received the same vibration in another place. It was transmission of sound and pitch through a wire. bel applied the same concept as it is composed of many complex sound vibrations.

Michael Faraday wanted to check if space could conduct electricity and invented the first portable handset. Now cell phones have become an integral part of our life. It has become hard to think of existence without cell phones.

Communication simply is a technology that is essential to create social sense of cohesion. People have used the communication and technology to develop the society making it a global, village. Every day, new invention in the field of communication is enhancing behavior of mankind in different ways. Communication has morphed into an endless variety of ways to express oneself to other humans