Murder mysteries recommendations, you cannot put down.

This is Why We Lie by Gabriella Lepore.

In Gardiners Bay, everyone has a secret. The population of Gardiners Bay is disturbed when Jenna Dallas and Adam Cole discover Colleen O’Dell’s death drifting off the coastline of their seaside village. The fact that her drowning was not an accident is even more surprising.Jenna begins her own investigation as her closest friend becomes a crucial suspect. She knows she needs Adam on her side when she discovers scandals at Preston Prep School that link back to Rookwood reform school.Adam is used to receiving critical stares as a student at Rookwood, but now his pals are being probed by the police. Even if it means trusting Jenna, Adam will do whatever he can to keep them safe.The truth begins to distort as the falsehoods unfold. Only one thing is certain: someone will have to pay the price.

Sadie by Courtney Summers.

A search for a missing girl leads to a quest of vengeance. A podcast that follows the clues she’s left behind, similar to Serial. And a cliffhanger that you won’t be able to forget.Sadie’s life hasn’t been easy. She’s been raising her sister Mattie in an isolated tiny town since she was a child, doing her best to create a decent life for them and keep their heads above water.When Mattie is found dead, however, Sadie’s entire life falls apart. After a bungled police investigation, Sadie is desperate to discover her sister’s killer and sets out on the road with only a few hints to guide her.When West McCray overhears Sadie’s tale at a local gas station while working on a feature about little, forgotten villages in America, he becomes obsessed with recovering the missing child. He launches his own podcast while he follows Sadie’s trail, attempting to figure out what occurred and finding her before it’s too late.Courtney Summers has authored her career-defining book. Sadie is a fast-paced, suspenseful novel that will have you engrossed until the very last page.

The Cheerleaders by Kara Thomas.

In Sunnybrook, there are no longer any cheerleaders.Then there was the automobile tragedy, in which two girls died after colliding with a tree on a wet night. The killings occurred not long after. The man next door murdered those two young ladies. Because he was shot by the cops, no one will ever know why he did it. The final cheerleader to die was Monica’s sister. Sunnybrook High School dissolved the cheer squad after she committed herself. Nobody wanted to think about the females they’d lost.It had been five years since then. Sunnybrook High’s professors and students now wish to honour the fallen cheerleaders. Monica, on the other hand, finds it difficult. She only want to forget. Monica’s world, meanwhile, is beginning to fall apart. There are the letters in her stepfather’s desk, an unearthed, years-old mobile phone, and a weird new classmate. It doesn’t matter what occurred five years ago. Some locals know more than they’re letting on. Monica is somehow in the core of it all.Sunnybrook may no longer have cheerleaders, but it doesn’t mean no one else is in danger.

City of Saints and Thieves by Natalie C. Anderson.

A girl who doesn’t exist dwells in the shadows of Sangui City. Tina and her mother arrived in Kenya as refugees hoping for a new life and a place to call home after leaving the Congo. Her mother swiftly got employment as a maid for a wealthy household, including Roland Greyhill, one of the city’s most powerful businessmen. Tina quickly discovers, however, that the Greyhill fortune was built on a life of corruption and criminality. So when her mother is found shot to death in Mr. Greyhill’s study, she knows who’s to blame.Tina spends the next four years alone on the streets, working as a master thief for the Goondas, Sangui City’s local gang, with vengeance on her mind. Tina returns to the Greyhill estate thanks to a work for the Goondas, giving her the opportunity for retribution she’s been waiting for. But the sorrow of previous scars and the draw of old connections overcome Tina as soon as she enters the magnificent mansion, putting in motion a hazardous chain of events that might cost Tina her life at any moment. But in this fast-paced, nail-biting thriller, she holds on because she ultimately discovers the horrific truth about who killed her mother—and why.

They Wish They Were Us by Jessica Goodman.

A murder mystery set in the setting of a prestigious Long Island prep school. Everything on Gold Coast, Long Island, appears flawless, from the posh downtown stores to the perfectly groomed beaches to Jill Newman’s and her friends’ polished uniforms. Nothing is as it appears, as Jill discovered three years ago.Jill’s closest friend from freshman year, the smart and dazzling Shaila Arnold, was murdered by her lover. Graham confessed, the matter was closed, and Jill tried to move on after that awful night on the beach.Now that Jill is in her senior year, she is determined to make it the finest one yet. She is, after all, a senior and a Player, a member of Gold Coast Prep’s exclusive, not-so-secret society. Senior Players have the nicest parties, the finest grades, and the entire school’s adulation. Jill is going to have a great year. She is certain of it.When Jill begins to receive messages professing Graham’s innocence, her plans for a flawless senior year begin to fall apart. Who killed Shaila if it wasn’t Graham? Jill swears to find out, but doing so might jeopardise her friendships as well as her future.

How We Fall Apart by Katie Zhao.

Nancy Luo is taken aback when her former closest friend, Jamie Ruan, a top-ranked junior at Sinclair Prep, vanishes and is later discovered dead. Nancy is even more taken aback when word gets out that she and her friends—Krystal, Akil, and Alexander—are potential suspects, courtesy to “The Proctor,” a student who anonymously incriminated them using the school’s social networking app.Jamie used to be friends with all of them, and she knew all of their deepest, darkest secrets. Now The Proctor is aware of them as well. The four must find the genuine killer before The Proctor exposes them to too much and costs them too much, such as Nancy’s entire scholarship.Nancy begins to think that her pals are holding secrets from her as well. When their ex-best buddy comes up dead, students at an elite prep school are compelled to confront their secrets.

Liars Inc. by Paula Stokes.

Max Cantrell has never been a big believer in telling the truth, so when the chance to sell fake permission slips and cover stories to his classmates emerges, it seems like a decent way to make some money and spice up a dull senior year. Max creates Liars, Inc. with the aid of his buddies Preston and Parvati. Suddenly, everyone requires something, and money begins to flow in. Who’d have guessed that lying could be so lucrative?When Preston requests his own cover storey to visit a girl he met online, Max is more than happy to oblige. Until Preston does not return home. Then the evidence piles up, horrifying hints leading the detectives to Preston’s body. Numerous hints that lead to Max as the culprit. Will Max be able to track out the true killer before going to prison for a crime he didn’t commit?

A book for every romance trope. (part 2)

Soulmates.

Crave by Tracy Wolff.

When Grace walked inside the academy, her entire life altered. Nothing about this facility or the other students there is right. Among gods…or monsters, she is a simple mortal. She’s still undecided about which of the warring sides she belongs to, if she even does.
There’s also Jaxon Vega. A dangerous vampire who hasn’t felt anything in a hundred years. But there’s something about him that appeals to me, something damaged in him that matches what’s broken in her in some way.Because Jaxon built a barrier around himself for a purpose. And now someone wants to awaken a sleeping monster, and she’s starting to wonder if she was deliberately sent here as bait.

Arranged marriage.

The Bridge Kingdom by Danielle L. Jensen.

Lara, a warrior princess who was raised in seclusion, is guided by two certainties. The first is that the Bridge Kingdom’s King Aren is her foe. The second is that she will be the one to force him to kneel.The Bridge Kingdom enriches itself while depriving its rivals, including Lara’s hometown, by being the sole passage through a storm-ravaged planet. So when she’s sent as a bride under the pretence of peace, Lara is ready to go to any length to pierce its impenetrable fortifications. As well as its king’s defences.However, when she infiltrates her new home and learns more about the battle over the bridge, Lara begins to doubt if she is the hero or the villain.And when Lara’s feelings for Aren shift from icy animosity to ferocious love, she must decide whose country she will preserve… and which kingdom she will annihilate.

Childhood friends to lovers.

Lady Midnight by Cassandra Clare.

It’s been five years since the events of City of Heavenly Fire pushed the Shadowhunters close to extinction. Emma Carstairs is no longer a grieving girl, but a young lady hell-bent on figuring out who killed her parents and exacting vengeance.Emma must learn to trust her mind and her love as she explores a diabolical scheme that runs from the Sunset Strip to the magical waves that pound the beaches of Santa Monica with her parabatai Julian Blackthorn. If only her heart didn’t led her down the wrong path.Julian’s brother Mark, who was kidnapped by the faeries five years ago, has been returned as a negotiating chip, further complicating matters. The faeries are frantic to figure out who is killing their kind, and they need the Shadowhunters’ aid. In faerie, however, time moves at a different pace, thus Mark has hardly matured and doesn’t recognise his family. Is he ever going to come back to them? Will the faeries actually let it happen?

Love Square.

Renegades by Marissa Meyer.

The Renegades are a group of prodigies — people with exceptional powers — who rose from the wreckage of a crumbling society to bring peace and order to a place where chaos ruled. Except for the criminals they once toppled, they remain a symbol of hope and courage as advocates of justice.Nova has a grudge against the Renegades, and she’s out for vengeance. She meets Adrian, a Renegade youngster who believes in justice — and in Nova — as she comes closer to her target. Nova’s devotion, on the other hand, is to a villain who has the power to destroy them both.

The guy falls first.

The Selection by Kiera Cass.

The Selection is a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity for thirty-five females. The chance to break out from the life that has been carved out for them since birth. To be immersed in a world of gilded dresses and expensive gems. To live in a palace and fight for Prince Maxon’s affections.Being Selected, on the other hand, is a nightmare for America Singer. It means abandoning her hidden love for Aspen, a member of a lower caste. Leaving her home to compete for a crown she doesn’t desire in a heated competition. Living in a palace where deadly rebel attacks are a continuous concern.Then there’s America’s meeting with Prince Maxon. Gradually, she begins to doubt all of her expectations for herself, realising that the life she’s always envisaged may pale in comparison to a future she’s never imagined.

Friends to lovers.

Anna and the French Kiss by Stephanie Perkins.

Anna is looking forward to her senior year in Atlanta, where she has a terrific job, a supportive best friend, and a growing crush. That’s why she’s not happy to be sent to boarding school in Paris—until she meets Étienne St. Clair, that is. Étienne is smart, charming, and gorgeous, and he also has a serious relationship. However, in the City of Light, desires do come true. Will their long-awaited French kiss put a stop to a year of romantic near-misses?

A book for every romance trope. (part 1)

Love triangle.

The Inheritance Games by Jennifer Lynn Barnes.

Avery Grambs has a plan for a brighter future: go through high school, obtain a scholarship, and leave. When millionaire Tobias Hawthorne dies and gives Avery almost his entire wealth, her fortunes shift in an instant. What’s the catch? Avery doesn’t know why, or who Tobias Hawthorne is. Avery must move into the huge, hidden passage-filled Hawthorne House to accept her inheritance, where every room bears the old man’s touch—and his love of puzzles, riddles, and codes.Unfortunately for Avery, Hawthorne House is also home to the family that Tobias Hawthorne has recently evicted. The four Hawthorne grandchildren are among them: dangerous, charismatic, smart guys who grew up with the expectation of inheriting billions one day. Grayson Hawthorne, the heir apparent, is convinced that Avery is a scam artist and is determined to bring her down. Jameson, their grandfather’s final hurrah, sees her as a twisted conundrum, a puzzle to be solved. Avery will have to play the game herself to survive in a world of money and power, with danger lurking around every corner.

Grumpy and sunshine.

Dash and Lily’s Book of Dares by Rachel Cohn and David Levithan.

So starts the newest whirlwind romance from the bestselling writers of Nick & Norah’s Infinite Playlist, the latest whirlwind romance from the bestselling authors of Nick & Norah’s Infinite Playlist. Lily has placed a red notebook full of dares on the shelf of a favourite bookshop, waiting for the right person to come along and accept them. Is Dash, however, the ideal person for the job? Or are Dash and Lily doomed to swap dares, aspirations, and wishes in a notebook they pass back and forth at various spots across New York? Could their real-life selves relate as well as their virtual ones? Or will they be a hilarious mismatch of epic proportions? Rachel Cohn and David Levithan have crafted a love storey that will have readers hunting for love on bookshop shelves.

Star-crossed lovers.

Six of Crows by Leigh Bardugo.

Ketterdam is a busy crossroads of international trade where anything can be gotten for the right price—a fact that criminal prodigy Kaz Brekker is well aware of. Kaz is offered the opportunity to take part in a dangerous robbery that may make him wealthy beyond his wildest dreams. But he won’t be able to do it alone…

A convicted criminal with a hunger for vengeance

A sniper who can’t afford to lose a bet

A fugitive from justice with a privileged past

The Wraith is a sassy spy.

A Heartrender uses her abilities to keep herself alive amid the slums.

A criminal with a knack for improbable escapes

If they don’t murder each other first, Kaz’s crew may be the only thing standing between the Earth and disaster.

Fake dating.

The Deal by Elle Kennedy.

Hannah Wells has finally met someone who makes her want to turn on. However, while she may be self-assured in other areas of her life, she carries a lot of baggage. She’ll have to push herself out of her comfort zone if she wants to capture her crush’s attention… even if it means teaching the obnoxious, juvenile, conceited captain of the hockey team in return for a fake date.Garrett Graham’s only ambition after graduation has always been to play professional hockey, but his slipping GPA is jeopardising everything he’s fought so hard for. He’s all for helping a caustic brunette make another guy envious if it means keeping his spot on the squad. Garrett quickly realises that pretending isn’t going to cut it as one unexpected kiss. Now all he needs to do is persuade Hannah that the man she desires resembles him.

I’m here to kill you.

The Wrath and The Dawn by Renée Ahdieh.

Each morning brings misery to a new family in a kingdom controlled by a bloodthirsty boy-king. Khalid, Khorasan’s eighteen-year-old Caliph, is a monster. He takes a new wife every night, only to have a silk chain tied around her throat the next morning. When Shahrzad’s sixteen-year-old best friend is murdered by Khalid, he swears revenge and offers to be his next wife. Shahrzad is determined not just to survive, but also to put a stop to the caliph’s reign of terror.Shahrzad seduces Khalid night after night, telling him enthralling stories and securing her survival, despite the fact that she knows each morning may be her last. But then something unexpected happens: Khalid turns out to be nothing like she had imagined him to be. This monster is a young boy who has a broken heart. Surprisingly, Shahrzad finds herself in love. What gives that this is possible? It’s a heinous act of treachery. Even nevertheless, Shahrzad has come to realise that not everything in this marble and stone mansion is as it appears. She vows to find whatever secrets are hidden and, despite her love for him, to kill Khalid in retaliation for the numerous lives he has stolen. Will their love be able to endure in this world of secrets and stories?

Enemies to lovers.

The Cruel Prince by Holly Black.

When ude’s parents were slain, she and her two sisters were kidnapped and taken to the perilous High Court of Faerie. Jude, despite her mortality, wants nothing more than to belong there ten years later. However, many fey loathe humans. Especially Prince Cardan, the High King’s youngest and most vicious son.She must resist him–and bear the consequences–in order to get a seat on the Court.Jude finds her own propensity for deception and slaughter as she becomes further immersed in palace intrigues and deceptions. But, when treason threatens to drown the Faerie Courts in bloodshed, Jude will have to put her life on the line in a hazardous partnership to preserve her sisters and Faeri.

The Prince and the Commonner.

Red Queen by Victoria Aveyard.

This is a universe where blood is separated into two types: red and silver. The Reds are commoners who are dominated by a Silver elite who wield godlike abilities. And it appears that nothing will ever change for Mare Barrow, a seventeen-year-old Red girl from the impoverished Stilts. That is, until she is offered a job at the Silver Palace. Mare realises that, despite her crimson blood, she wields a lethal power of her own here, surrounded by the individuals she despises the most. One that poses a challenge to the power equilibrium. Fearful of Mare’s potential, the Silvers declare her a long-lost Silver princess who is now betrothed to a Silver prince and conceal her in plain sight.Mare works quietly to aid the Red Guard, a militant opposition group, in overthrowing the Silver dictatorship, despite the fact that one error would result in her execution. Mare has engaged a hazardous dance—Reds against Silvers, prince against prince, and Mare against her own heart—in this realm of treachery and deception.

RAJESHWARI KUWAR_OOPJ_CA3

  ENCAPSULATION IN JAVA WITH EXAMPLES 

BY- RAJESHWARI KUWAR

  The process of binding data and corresponding methods (behavior) together into a single unit is called encapsulation in Java.

In other words, encapsulation is a programming technique that binds the class members (variables and methods) together and prevents them from being accessed by other classes.

Thereby, we can keep variables and methods safes from outside interference and misuse.

Every Java class is an example of encapsulation because we write everything within the class only that binds variables and methods together and hides their complexity from other classes.

Another example of encapsulation is a capsule. Basically, the capsule encapsulates several combinations of medicine.

If combinations of medicine are variables and methods then the capsule will act as a class and the whole process is called Encapsulation as shown in the below figure.

In the encapsulation technique, we declare fields as private in the class to prevent other classes from accessing them directly. The required encapsulated data can be accessed by using the public Java getter and setter method.

 If the field is declared private in the class, then it cannot be accessed by anyone from outside the class and hides the field within the class. Therefore, it is also called data hiding.

Let’s understand Encapsulation in java better by taking real-time examples.

 

Realtime Example of Encapsulation in Java

Example 1:

Schoolbag is one of the most real examples of Encapsulation. Schoolbags can keep our books, pens, etc.

 

Example 2:

When you log into your email accounts such as Gmail, Yahoo Mail, or Rediff mail, there is a lot of internal processes taking place in the backend and you have no control over it.

 When you enter the password for logging, they are retrieved in an encrypted form and verified, and then you are given access to your account.

 You do not have control over it that how the password has been verified. Thus, it keeps our account safe from being misused.

Example 3:

Suppose you have an account in the bank. If your balance variable is declared as a public variable in the bank software, your account balance will be known as public, in this case, anyone can know your account balance. So, would you like it? Obviously, No.

So, they declare the balance variable as private for making your account safe, so that anyone cannot see your account balance.

The person who has to see his account balance, will have to access only private members through methods defined inside that class and this method will ask your account holder name or user Id, and password for authentication.

Thus, we can achieve security by utilizing the concept of data hiding. This is called Encapsulation in Java.

 

How to achieve or implement Encapsulation in Java

There are two important points whereby we can achieve or implement encapsulation in the Java program.

1. Declaring the instance variable of the class as private. so that it cannot be accessed directly by anyone from outside the class.

2. Provide the public setter and getter methods in the class to set/modify the values of the variable/fields.

 

Advantages

There are the following advantages of encapsulation in Java. They are as follows:

1. The encapsulated code is more flexible and easier to change with new requirements.

2. It prevents the other classes to access the private fields.

3. Encapsulation allows modifying implemented code without breaking other code that has implemented the code.

4. It keeps the data and codes safe from external inheritance. Thus, Encapsulation helps to achieve security.

5. It improves the maintainability of the application.

6. If you don’t define the setter method in the class then the fields can be made read-only.

7. If you don’t define the getter method in the class then the fields can be made write-only.

 

A disadvantage of Encapsulation in Java

The main disadvantage of encapsulation in Java is it increases the length of the code and slows shutdown execution.


Things to do after BA in English Literature

Photo by Pixabay on Pexels.com

BA in English Literature is an undergraduate course that is opted for following the completion of the 10+2 formal schooling. Do you have a knack for analysing poetry or writing one? Are you keen about learning the history and evolution of different forms of arts and literature? Then a BA in English Literature was an ideal choice for your graduation. Many great inventions today across different fields such as astronomy, engineering and medicine are influenced by ancient literature and several art forms. 

For example, Nicolaus Copernicus’ book “The revolutions of the celestial spheres” popularised the heliocentric theory that proposed the sun as the centre of the universe. With the majority of students opting for medical, engineering or legal degrees, Bachelor of Arts as a degree course is often undermined. There are a lot of common misconceptions and stigmas surrounding this graduation course. 

  • Students studying BA in English Literature are assumed to lackluster in studies. 
  • It is a course often idealised as suitable for women. 
  • Students opting for BA in English LIterature can only become a teacher or professor. 

Many students graduate in English Literature as they are passionate about what the course has to offer. Although women are the majority among English Literature graduates, Men also specialise in this field and go on to pursue post graduation alongside women. 

As we have debunked some of the misconceptions and stigmas surrounding BA in English Literature, let us look at the doors of opportunities this course leads us to. 

Courses to take up after BA In English Literature

BA in English Literature is a three year graduation course that familiarises you with the evolution of English language and its literature through plays, different forms of poems, novels and theatre. Its curriculum consists of literary analysis, literary criticism and communication skills. Graduating in English Literature qualifies you for several job opportunities and higher studies. 

For further specialisation or better job opportunities, doing a Masters course following BA in English Literature might be an ideal choice. 

Here are the following courses you can consider following your graduation in English Literature. 

Master of Arts in Communication

Photo by Terje Sollie on Pexels.com

MA in Communication is a postgraduate program for the duration of 2 years which equips students with information regarding transmitting messages and principles of communication. 

This masters course prepares its candidates for professions such as film directors, producers, screenwriters, journalists, public relations officers, and other professional careers. 

Eligibility

  • Minimum requirement for admission to MA in Communication is a Bachelor’s degree in any stream from a recognized university. 
  • Students must have secured 50% in their bachelor’s degree course. 
  • Candidates may be required to pass entrance exams conducted by specific colleges or universities. 

Employment Opportunities

Choosing MA in Communication following BA in English Literature can set you up for the following employment roles. 

  1. Television or Film Director 
  2. Content Writer
  3. Event Management
  4. Digital Marketing Expert
  5. Journalist
  6. Public Relations Professionals

Master of Arts in Sociology

Photo by Element5 Digital on Pexels.com

MA in Sociology is a postgraduate program like MA in Communication. Students keen about social studies, politics and economics can pursue this masters course following BA in English Literature. The MA Sociology curriculum consists of the study of religion and society, political society, Indian society, economy and society, social development, and research in sociology. 

Eligibility

  • Interested candidates must be graduated in any stream of education from a reputed university.
  • Candidates must have scored a minimum of 50% in the undergraduate level. 
  • Some colleges expect students to be a graduate in psychology while the others accept candidates across different streams. 
  • Colleges conduct entrance exams that need to be cleared by the admission seeking candidates. 

Employment Opportunities

MA in Sociology opens doors to an expansive range of career opportunities after your graduation in English Literature. Following are some of the job profiles that might get you interested. 

  1. Counselors
  2. PR Executives
  3. Administrators
  4. Educators
  5. Sociologist
  6. Researcher

Master of Arts in English Literature

Photo by Janko Ferlic on Pexels.com

Nothing seems more appropriate than studying for MA in English Literature post your graduation from BA in English Literature. This post graduation course in English Literature is the study of ancient and modern English literature, consisting of poetry, drama and fiction. Literature in the English language is not only written by English authors from England but also writers from across the world. 

Post graduation in English Literature sets you up for job profiles such as a teacher or a journalist. Candidates interested in writing and translating for agencies can also benefit from this masters course. 

Eligibility

  • Already being a graduate in English Literature, one needs to make sure that he or she has earned upto 50% marks to be qualified for admission. 
  • Your graduation course should be from a recognized university.
  • Admissions can be provided on both merit basis as well as clearance of entrance exams. 

Employment Opportunities

Upon completion of your post graduation course, you will be qualified for the following job profiles. 

  1. English Language Specialist
  2. Translator / Interpreter
  3. English Teacher
  4. English Editor
  5. Junior Parliamentary Reporter

Bachelor of Law (LLB)

Photo by Sora Shimazaki on Pexels.com

Bachelor of Law is a popular choice for higher studies among graduates of English Literature. A degree in LLB familiarises students with environmental law, consumer protection act, arbitration, and insurance law including others. Following the completion of Bachelor in Law, candidates can opt to study LLM (Masters of Law) for further specialisation, practice law after registering with certain agencies or take up careers as legal professionals in public or private sectors. 

Eligibility

  • Students aspiring to study Bachelor of Law must have graduated from a recognized university with an aggregate of 45% in any stream. 
  • Selection for the course is based on the results from entrance exams such as SLAT, CUET, and CLAT. 

Employment Opportunities

Careers after a Bachelor of Law are not confined to courtroom duties involving defending clients. Law graduates today have scope for job profiles in corporate firms, legal agencies, IT firms, and administrative services. Following are some of the job profiles mentioned below.

  1. HR Manager
  2. Legal Advisor
  3. Lawyer
  4. Attorney
  5. Legal Manager

Bachelor of Education

Photo by Pixabay on Pexels.com

Graduates who want to begin a career in the field of teaching can further study Bachelor of Education. This post graduation course acquaints the candidates with different learning methods and Pedagogy of a school subject. The course lasts for a duration of 3 to 4 years. 

After the completion of B.Ed, clearing aptitude tests such as TET and CTET will qualify you for teaching in primary and secondary schools. 

Eligibility

  • A bachelor’s degree from a recognized university with 50% aggregate marks.
  • A master’s degree from a recognized university with 50% aggregate marks. 
  • Aspirants for B.Ed must be at least 21 years old, irrespective of their graduation or post graduation. 

Job Profiles

Job profiles for B.Ed graduates are usually related to the field of teaching. One can become a teacher with specialisation in a particular subject or head teacher in a primary or secondary school. 

Happy Learning!

References

Vinayak Kashyap, mycourseguru.in/courses after ba english/

Team Careers360 | Updated on Sep 29, 2021 – 3:32 p.m. IST career360.com/10 best career options to progress with after llb degree/

5 Scientific benefits of dark chocolate consumption

To all the chocolate lovers out there, did you know that consumption of chocolate can be beneficial for your health too? Well, Dark chocolate i.e chocolate containing cocoa solids and cocoa butter sans the milk and butter generally found in milk chocolate has been scientifically proven to provide potential health benefits to humans.

Photo by Polina Tankilevitch on Pexels.com

Listed below are 5 benefits of dark Chocolates:

1) Good for skin

The cocoa in dark chocolate contains flavonoids which helps our body to function more effectively. It fights off toxins and stressers and acts as a natural source of anti oxidant that helps in slowing down the ageing process in humans!

2)It is good for heart

Some of the compounds in dark chocolate especially flavanols helps in fighting off high blood pressure and high cholestrol which are the two major risk factors in heart disease. Henceforth, regukar consumption if dark chocolate may lessen the likelihood of a person developing heart diseases.

3) Improves brain function

According to researchers, dark chocolate may improve brain functions and prevent neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease. According to a small study held in 2018, reasearchers suggested that the flavanols present in dark chocolate may improve neuroplasticity which is the brain’s ability to reorganise itself in response to intrinsic or extrinsic stimuli.

4) Improves blood sugar levels

Regular consumption of dark chocolate has been found to be helpful in metabolisation of glucose. A study in 2017 in the journal Appetite showed that participants who rarely consumed dark chocolate had higher risks of developing diabetes five years down the road when compared to participants who consume dark chocolate at least once per week.

5) May help with weight loss

Researchers suggest that dark chocolate may play a role in controlling appetite which in turn could help with weight loss. In the books Eat Chocolate, Lose Weight written by neuroscientist Will Clower suggests how eating a bit of dark chocolate before or after meals triggers hormones that signal to the brain you are full. However, proper diet chart and regular exercising should be done to help in successful weight loss.

India and Quality Education – SDG 4

Education is an integral part for the mental development of a human being. Not just education on paper but ‘Quality Education’ which in turn allows the beings to add to the well-being of themselves as well as others without comprising anyone’s needs. Given the importance of quality education in ensuring sustainable growth of the world, one of the sustainable development goals is “Ensure Inclusive and Equitable Quality Education and Promote Lifelong Learning Opportunities for All” (SDG 4).

Around 11 indicators have been decided by UNDP to ensure Quality Education across countries, which are:

  1. Free Primary and Secondary Education
  2. Equal Access to Quality Pre-Primary Education
  3. Equal Access to Affordable Technical, Vocational and Higher Education
  4. Increase the number of people with relevant skills for financial success
  5. Eliminate all discrimination in education
  6. Universal literacy and numeracy
  7. Education for sustainable development and global citizenship
  8. Build and upgrade inclusive and safe schools – in terms of electricity, toilets (including gender neutral toilets), apt infrastructure for disables, gender inclusive.
  9. Expand higher education scholarships for developing countries – by ensuring the sufficient volume of ‘Official Development Assistance’ flows for scholarships.
  10. Increase the supply of qualified teachers in developing schools
  11. Custodian agencies such as UNDP

The article attempts to throw light on the performance of India in the sphere of Education based on NSSO Education data. It is with no doubt that India has made great strides in this particular aspect but the challenges are always present – which will be taken up in the later section of the article.

As per the data, in 2014, total urban literacy rate stood at 86% (male: 91%; female: 81%) while total rural literacy rate was 71% (male: 80%; female: 61%). The difference between rural and urban male and female literacy rate is quite large. The reasons among many can be lack of initiatives; income-deficit; ingrained favoritism; lack of safe and inclusive schooling etc.

To better understand the Gender-gap/parity, data on Gender-Parity Index (GPI) based on Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER). It has been defined as “the ratio of GER of female students enrolled at Primary, Secondary and Tertiary Levels of education to the corresponding ratio of male students at that level” (ESAG, 2018). During 2015-16, the gender parity stood at 1.03 (Primary); 1.05 (Elementary); 1.01 (Senior-Secondary) to 0.92 (Higher Education). While up to +2 level, gender parity favors females but when it comes to higher education, it favors males. Interestingly, if we focus on the annual dropout rate in school education, 2014-15, it will come to notice that boys dropout percentage is higher in secondary (17.21%) than girls (16.88%).

To get a better grasp of gender equation, the article looks into the teaching section. The data for percentage of teachers who are females, 2014 speaks that the percentage is less than 50 at all levels – with dropping percentage as we move from Primary (49.49%), Secondary (43.21%) to Tertiary (39.03%).

Evaluation of reasons for dropout among both males and females as per NSSO brings out – for males, engagement in economic activities has been vetoed as the major reason while for females, reasons such as engagement in domestic activities followed by marriage stand out. The distance between home and school has also been one of the reasons of dropout among females.

Another set of data released by UNESCO as part of the realization of SDG 4 – ‘State of the Education Report: No Teacher, No Class’ for India, 2021 can be used as reference to right the wrongs, fill in the holes in the education scenario of the country. The report points out that there is shortage of 11.6 lakh teachers and about 1.2 lakh are single-teacher school, with 89% being in rural areas. However, in the private sector, the pupil teacher ratio increased from 21% in 2013-14 to 35% in 2018-19. With variation among states, the national average for percentage of females employed stands at 50.

The pandemic has only thrown obstacles testing the efficiency of the country in this sphere. As the world and its works shifted online, this country and sector did too. The shifting to online classes has led to many dropouts, leading to a break in the education of many pupils. When it comes to teaching, the country has faced certain inadequacy in the percentage of trained government school teacher – to use and teach using electronical devises. The Hindu (2021) reports that only 15% of government school teachers were trained and about 31% in private school.

However, when the world was still in offline mode and so the sector – various government schemes had benefitted the children. In this era of everything being online – government need to come up with new schemes focusing towards digital India, co-operating with various grassroot levels can be quite helpful in percolating the benefits to lower levels.

Image Credit: Google

The Awe-Inspiring Journey of Captain Lakshmi

The era of Indian Independence Struggle is one of the most painful and shattering phases in the country’s history. But it was also a period which saw the emergence of some of the finest leaders of the country.

Captain Lakshmi Sehgal is one such leader who ardently fought for the freedom of India. At a time when most Indian women rarely stepped outside of their society approved roles, here was a woman who not only broke all the social conventions but also aced her roles as a firebrand revolutionary and a medical practitioner.

Source: thetalentedindian.com

Early Life

Born to a progressive family in Madras, to S.Swaminathan, a criminal lawyer at Madras High Court and A.V Ammukutty, a renowned social worker and activist, Lakshmi Sehgal aka Captain Lakshmi was an iron lady who dedicated her entire life to public service in various capacities. She wore many hats: she was the commander of Rani of Jhansi regiment – the all-women regiment of the Indian National Army, a doctor,  social activist and a member of the Communist Party of India (Marxist).

Right from her childhood, she never missed a chance to voice her opinions or rebel against the social evils. She came from a family of active Gandhi supporters who had strong nationalist leanings, so it was only natural that she was drawn into the ongoing freedom struggle.

Lakshmi Swaminathan to Captain Lakshmi – The Journey

In 1940, she left for Singapore, where she set up a clinic with a focus on making medical treatment and facilities available for people from all walks of life. Meanwhile, she also joined the Indian Independence League, formed by Rashbehari Bose. It was around this time, in 1942, that an army for Indian independence was formed by Captain Mohan Singh and a few other Indian war prisoners in Singapore. The army was slowly losing its initial momentum due to the lack of a firm commitment from the Japanese side regarding their participation in the war. It was the arrival of Subhash Chandra Bose which proved to be a real game changer for the Indian independence movement in Singapore.

Captain Lakshmi was one among the many who had gathered to listen to Bose while he addressed the crowd in 1943 at Singapore. He was keen on forming an army not only composed of Indian war prisoners but also of civilian Indians settled in Malaysia, Singapore and Thailand. He also wanted to create an all-women regiment.

Rani of Jhansi Regiment

The turning point in Lakshmi Sehgal’s life came when she was asked by Netaji to form and lead the all-women regiment. Whether it was healing wounds or holding firearms, she always put her heart and soul into whatever she did. This young woman took charge and managed to mobilise around 25-30 women for the regiment. These were mostly second or third generation Indian women who had grown up in South East Asia, who were fighting for the freedom of their motherland that they hadn’t even seen. Her ability to galvanize such a group of civilians, train them and form a regiment speaks volumes about her determination and charisma.That was the beginning of the Rani of Jhansi regiment and her life as Captain Lakshmi.

Source:edtimes.in

The INA marched to Burma in 1944, but before they could enter Imphal they had to beat a retreat and she, along with others, was captured by the British army. She was placed under house arrest in Burma and was later sent to India in 1946. 

She was a woman of mettle and nothing could ever dampen her spirits. She continued to fight for the freedom of the country once she was back in India and actively campaigned for the release and rehabilitation of the imprisoned INA personnel. Her fight for freedom continued even after the release of the war prisoners, including Col.Prem Kumar Sehgal, in March 1947. Later she got married to Col.Prem Kumar Sehgal and moved to Kanpur.

Later Life 

For a person as enthusiastic and passionate as her, every day was a new opportunity to serve her country and its people. She continued her medical practice in Kanpur and was actively involved in providing aid for the refugees pouring into the country following the partition.

In the early 1970s, through her daughter Subhashini who had joined CPI(M), it was brought to her attention the need for doctors and medical supplies for the refugees from  Bangladesh. She didn’t have to think twice before packing up enough supplies, clothes and medicines and leaving for Calcutta to provide her service in the Bangladesh refugee camps along the border areas.Her ideologies were inherently communist, and hence, she joined the Communist Party of India (Marxist) in 1971 and represented the party in Rajya Sabha.

Source: penbugs.com

She never shied away from going out onto the streets of Kanpur during the anti-Sikh riots of 1984,  to confront the anti-Sikh mobs and to ensure the safety of the Sikhs and Sikh establishments near her clinic. She participated actively in the restoration of peace during the riots.

She was rightly called Captain Lakshmi for she was a born leader. Be it leading the campaigns and activities of the All India Democratic Women’s Association or the medical camps in Bhopal  following the Gas Tragedy, she conducted it all with ardent passion and dedication. 

Her charisma, dedication and undying spirit to fight for what she believes in were a few of the many reasons why she was selected jointly by all four leftist parties as the sole opponent of Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam in the 2002 Presidential elections. In spite of knowing that her chances of winning are slim, she took that as a golden opportunity to scrutinise a political system that allowed the weeds of poverty and injustice to grow by feeding divisive and irrational thoughts to the society.

At an age when most people retired to the comforts of their homes,  she regularly treated patients at her clinic. Service to humanity was the motto of her life and she never let her age get in the way of service.

She was honoured with Padma Vibhushan in 1998 and was also bestowed with an honorary doctorate by Calicut University.

source:thebetterindia.com

Captain Lakshmi was one such person who was hard to box in by the conventions of the society. During the course of her entire life, which was only a couple of years short of a century, she had seen it all – the colonial rule, India’s struggle for independence and the post-independence nation building and transformation of the country. And through it all, she had been an active contributor to the society, who always positioned herself firmly on the side of the oppressed and needy. 

Captain Lakshmi passed away on 23rd July 2012 following a cardiac arrest, but not before leaving behind her a legacy of sheer will, compassion and valour, which continues to inspire thousands of people across the country.

ACCIDENTAL INVENTIONS

 The history is full of stories about the great
inventions of man-kind. These are the inventions that now make our life easier as
well as convenient. But some of these came into existence accidentally. Despite
that they made a huge change in fields of science and also our life-style. Below
is six- great inventions that were accidentally invented.

 

Saccharin-Artificial sweetener

 Constantin Fahlberg,
a Russian chemist, was working in his lab right after which he went to have sandwiches
without washing his hands. He realized that the usual sandwich is sweeter. Upon
realizing that he discovered that his hand was covered with the compound,
benzoic sulfinide, formed after reaction of o-sulfobenzoic acid with phosphorus
chloride and ammonia is the one he tasted. Under different circumstances this
could have been a health hazard, but luckily he invented something edible.

Pace maker

Wilson Greatbatch, a professor of engineering at the
University of Buffalo, in the year of 1956 accidentally invented the pacemaker.
He was working on building a device that would record the heart beats and ended
up finding the device is giving off electric pulses, similar to that of a heartbeat.
Later Greatbatch then introduced his invention to a surgeon, William Chardack, with
whom he was to successfully abled control a dog’s heartbeat. And after few
years, in 1960, it was able to work on humans too.

Penicillin

One of the man-kinds best invention, Penicillin was invented
on accident. In the year of 1928, DR. Alexander Fleming left out his culture
Staphylococcus aureus in his lab two week. He was about to throw it away before
finding that its growth had being prevented by the mold called Penicillium
notatum. From there he isolated the mold and ran tests to determine that penicillin
has antibacterial effect on staphylococci and other gram-positive pathogens.

Champagne

The monks of the champagne, having the best access to
grapes, decided to make white wine. Since it was cold it hindered the fermentation
process and when the spring came, wine containers were filled with carbon
dioxide. The excess of carbon dioxide caused carbonation in the drink. To fix
this, French monk named Dom Pierre Perigon came over to champagne handle it. But
later people decide that the carbonation made the drink fizzy and hence tastier.

 

Popsicles

When Frank Epperson was 11-years old, he mixed some
soda power with water and left it in the freezer overnight completely by
accident. The next day he decided to lick the frozen soda solution and was delighted
by its taste. The young boy originally named it as ‘epsicle’, combining icicles
and his name, but later he changed it into what we know it as popsicles.

Superglue

Harry Coover, in the year of 1942, was searching for a
material that he could use to build clear plastic gun sights for the war, but
ended up with a chemical substance that would stick to everything it made
contact with. Despite that, his invention was rejected since the researcher
didn’t find any use of the sticky substance. Later in the 1951, the formulation
was innovated by Cooper and Fred Joyner as ‘alcohol-catalyzed Cyanoacrylate
Adhesive compositions’ or as we know superglue. And from the on the superglue
was embraced as one of the most useful invention.

SELF-IMAGE AND PERSONALITY

Self-image and personality are two inseparable parts. Actually self is about the impression that we pose on others about ourselves. It is the central dominating and influencing component of one’s personality. Self-image is the concrete conscious awareness of our own self concerning all phases of one’s life, i.e., personal, social, intellectual, mental, and spiritual phases.

Our personality directly or indirectly depends on our acceptance of our image. If we accept and love ourselves, then we will possess a warm and pleasing personality, resulting in adjusting and being able to survive in society. Bernard Shaw once observes, “keep yourself clean and bright for you are the window through which you see the world.”

Because Self-acceptance is IMPORTANT

Society, the people around us, the people with us all impose their identity, feelings, emotions, and mentality into our individuality which may prove beneficial or fatal for our personality. A well-balanced self-image is one of the essentials of a well-balanced personality.

We all are different, we all are unique and that uniqueness of ours makes us beautiful and perfect incorporated with imperfections. We need to accept ourselves more than we focus on others’ validation.

Social Evils that prevail in India

Photo by Nothing Ahead on Pexels.com

India is a country which is known for its diverse heritage and mesmerizing culture. However, it also has some unavoidable rigid belief systems or evils which, if not reformed, can be really harmful for the Indian society. Such social evils can also be harmful for the growth and progress of the society.

Social evils can be defined as the toxic beliefs due to which the societal progress is hindered. Such evils can be born out of sheer ignorance or blind faith in religion or culture or both. These evils are not only harmful for the believers themselves but for the society as a whole.

There have been several personalities who, in order to bring reforms in the society, tackled and attempted to remove the practices of some rigid belief systems which, in turn, brought reforms in the society.

Here are some evils that either prevailed or still prevail in India due to the stiff nature of the society:

The Caste system:

The caste system has its roots in the ancient Indian society where the common folks were divided into four categories on the basis of their skills and abilities. Those categories consisted of Brahmin, Kshatriya, Vaishya and Shudra.

But as the time passed, this system became so rigid that the people belonging to the higher castes were seen as superior to those of the lower castes. Brahmins were known to be next to God and were respected by almost everybody. On the other hand, the Shudras were discriminated and were considered as ‘Untouchables’. Although the Indian Constitution has outlawed the practice of Untouchability, it still exists in some parts of the Indian Society.

The Dowry system:

The word ‘dowry’ means payment (of property or money) from the bride’s parents to the groom or his family at the time of marriage. This stems from the belief that a daughter is a liability for her parents and for her bright future she has to be married off to a decent groom. In order to get a good marriage prospect, the bride’s family starts saving money as soon as the daughter is born. This puts an unimaginable of amount of burden on the bride’s family.

This system has also made many Indian women victims of the atrocious crimes by the groom and his family. There have been many cases where crimes against women were committed by their husbands or their in-laws. In such cases, women had to go through unimaginable physical and emotional abuse.

Although we have laws in the constitution against the practice of the Dowry System, it is still practised in some of India. The government is taking measures to eradicate this system by bringing in policies to educate and the girls and parents of the country. They have also started schemes to aware the parents about the negative outcomes of the Dowry system.

Female Infanticide:

Female infanticide is the intentional and deliberate killing of a baby girl once she is born due to the preference for a baby boy. Even though this is an illegal practice, people in some parts of India still practice it. According to a census in 2001, there are only 933 females to every 1000 men. Another census in the year 2011 showed a decline in the Child Sex Ratio (CSR) where there were only 918 females to every 1000 men.

Female infanticide is more prevalent than male infanticide in south Asian countries like India and China due to cultural reasons. In the Indian Society, some families kill their new born daughters to avoid the burden of paying Dowry to the groom or his family. For families with several daughters, it can be a huge financial burden and hence, killing the baby girl seems like an easier option to them.

The Indian government has tried to take several initiatives to tackle and eradicate this issue. In several Indian states, the government took the responsibility of educating the girl child which, in turn, freed the parents from their financial burden.

These are some of the dreadful evils in the Indian society which need to be tackled and solved so that a better and more reformed society can be created. However, there are more such evils like Poverty, superstitions and corruption. These issues have become pretty common in the Indian Society.

With the years passing by, these issues have risen instead of coming to an end. Therefore, proper action must be taken by the government and the society to change the mindset of the existing society.

Google honors Dr. Kamal Ranadive with a Google doodle on her birthday

IMAGE: GOOGLE

On the occasion of the 104th birth anniversary of Dr Kamal Ranadive, an Indian biomedical researcher, Google dedicated a Google doodle to her where she can be seen holding a microscope. She is well-known for her revolutionary cancer research and her commitment towards promoting social justice through education and science.

Dr. Kamal Ranadive was born in Pune on November 8, 1917. Her father, who was a biologist, encouraged her to study medicine but she had different aspirations. She decided to study botany and zoology as her main subjects and got her Bachelor of Science (B.Sc) in the same field from Fergusson College in Pune. She then moved to the Agriculture College in Pune for her post-graduation.

She successfully won a doctorate in Cytology (also known as cell studies) in the same year as working as a researcher at the Indian Cancer Research Center (ICRC), and thereafter, was qualified to gain a fellowship at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, USA. She thereafter returned to India and established the first tissue culture laboratory in the country in Mumbai.

She closely examined the links between cancer and different viruses, and also the link between breast cancer and heredity. She also studied Mycobacterium leprae (a type of bacterium that causes leprosy) and gave her contribution in the development of a leprosy vaccine.

Dr. Kamal Ranadive and a few of her workmates initiated the establishment of the Indian Women Scientists’ Association (IWSA) in the year 1973 to promote women in the scientific field. The organization as of now has 11 branches across the country. It provides scholarships and childcare to women in working or researching in the scientific area.

Ranadive received the Padma Bhushan, the third highest civilian award, in 1982 for her contributions to medicine. In 1964, the Medical Council of India presented her with the first Silver Jubilee Research Award. This award comprised of a gold medal and an amount of Rs. 15000. Another award that she received was the G. J. Watumal Foundation Prize in 1964 for her work in leprosy.

Dr Kamal Ranadive was loved and admired by many of her students and colleagues. They fondly called her ‘bai’. She always encouraged her colleagues and students to work and do various scientific researches in their own country. She also worked in rural Maharashtra after her retirement, training women as healthcare professionals and teaching them about health and nutrition.

Dr. Kamal Ranadive passed away in the year 2001 but she still continues to inspire the youth especially the women of this country to work hard and be an inspiration for many.

A man called Ove: Review

A book beyond the principles of judgment and society, barring the barriers of age, this masterpiece will remold your soul towards the kvetches in your life. A man called Ove, Created and written miraculously by Fredrick Backman, is a thin but infinitely everlasting book that will always stay with you once you turn the last page. As described on the cover page, it is a story about a man called Ove, and the short but satisfactory chronicles of his life. Being a cranky curmudgeon, he has a big habit of floccinaucinihillipilliphication. Big word, isn’t it? Google it (secretly gushing). He basically thinks every new technological thing that he cannot understand is paltry. His neighbors, His friends, everyone thinks he is an old trout. Well, when you are always seen with disgust and disappointment searing in your eyes, you wouldn’t expect much. But if you get to know the man who is called ‘the sorehead’, there is something irresistibly beautiful about Ove.

The story starts with a pouty old man who is seen buying an IPad or at least trying to buy an IPad, with a ‘you just broke my most precious possession and now I am going to kill you’ look. At that moment, the bewitching chronicle takes its first step into a beautiful tale about love, lived and lost.

Ove is a man who believes in practicality. Inaccuracy. In reality. Having a mighty adoration for tools, he was a straightforward man with no tolerance for nonsense, contrasting opinions, or even a happy sunshiny personality. Even after all this, there were so many things about Ove that were magnificent and adorable. That man’s life was simply great, he was arrogant, but down to earth. A man with a heart too big.

You’ll only feel the inklings of dismay and somewhat a sigh as the right side of the gem grows thinner page by page. The words start to reach the deepest core of our hearts, the dark noir on the crisp paper seems like the only world to exist. This little infinite tale will make you laugh out loud, and cry till you can’t breathe. My heart goes out to the author who has created such a magical fable, such an everlasting magnet of love and appreciation. Thank you. Fredrick Backman. Well done. Overall, I recommend this book to you, and I will do it again and again. Believe me.

it is worth it.

Lessons we learn from watching Squid Game

Image by <a href="Image by Chetraruc from Pixabay“>Pixabay

Around 400 people sign-up to participate in games that they might have played during their childhood. Winners are promised cash prizes worth billions! Sounds too good to be true right? However, here’s the catch. Failing to succeed in these games may cause you to lose not only the money, but also your life! If that wasn’t shocking enough, with each eliminated player, more money gets added on to the intended cash prize. The events that follow post this realization forms the rest of the story in this series. 

This Netflix series went on to earn critical acclaim upon its release. Millions of viewers across 94 countries tuned in to watch this thriller series. Its gripping plotline will surely keep you at the edge of your seats! But with the statistics and its popularity aside, let us look at some of the lessons this South Korean survival-drama taught us viewers. 

If you haven’t watched the series yet. Be warned, there are serious spoilers ahead!

  1. Kindness can come from the strangest of places.

Image by <a href="Image by 🌞 Myriam 🌞 Dreamer from Pixabay“>Pixabay

The very first game in the series stands as a witness to this claim. Amidst all the chaos and panic that erupted due to the massacre in the game ‘Red light, Green light’. A character named Ali had the heart to lend a helping hand to Gi-hun, one of the pivotal characters in the series. He risked his life to save a complete stranger during a life or death situation. 

This certainly gives the viewers a hope that help will surely come during the different walks of life. It also encourages us to lend a helping hand like Ali, irrespective of familiarity with the person or the kind of situation. 

  1. As you sow, so you reap.

 

In the Squid Game series, Gi-hun’s generosity towards Il-nam was truly heartwarming. When nobody expected Il-nam to stand a chance in the games. Gi-hun stood by his side, encouraged him and supported him when necessary. However, little did he know that the person he was helping was much more than a frail old man with brain tumor. His kindness earned him the favor of a multi-billionaire well wisher who turned his life around for the better. Well….financially at least. 

  1. Being strong is good, but thinking smart can take you a long way. 

Image by Burst Shopify

Take the game of ‘Tug of war’ from the Squid Game series for example. The opponent team appeared strong indeed. But we were rooting for the team that consisted of a relatively less muscular batch of players. With the addition of a frail old man in the team, their chances of winning were very less. But Il-nam the old man was full of surprises! 

The techniques of winning the game that he shared with the team gave them a temporary upper hand over their opponents.  When they seemed to be losing in front of their opponents’ sheer strength. Sang Woo’s idea of the element of surprise brought them a life-saving victory over their adversaries. Moral of the story: Be strong, think smart. 

  1. Money is important, try not to run out of it.

The billionaires who created the squid games, played with the desperation of almost 400 money deprived people. Many of the participants were in huge debts and needed the cash prize to survive in the real world. Although one can do more than just survive with the cash prize on the line, greed and need forced the common and subtle people to go up to extreme lengths. 

Hence, it is better to be educated, find a stable job, have insurance for your future, and make investments and expenditures wisely. Sang Woo from the Squid Game series is often criticised for the deceit he carried on against his friends and trustees. But it isn’t hard to understand why he did what he did. After drowning upto his neck with financial difficulties and his lonely mother waiting for him. Anyone would have done the same thing if they were in his shoes.

  1. Sure, Money is important. But money isn’t happiness

Image by Burst Shopify

 Winning the intended cash prize along with the 455 others’ share of money. Gi-hun indeed won big in life. But what was left of him by the end of the Squid Game was a traumatized soul after witnessing the death of his friends and the dead body of his mother. 

Il-nam, who is revealed to be the billionaire master-mind behind the squid game, couldn’t buy joy and happiness with all the money he had. As he participated in the games alongside the other participants, he experienced happiness as he re-lived his childhood memories and found a good friend in Gi-hun. But his idea of Squid Game was inhumane and barbaric. 

The series ends with Il-nam dying, having made a questionable decision about starting the Squid Game and being the reason for the deaths of almost 400 people. Gi-hun is shown moving to the US after a significant makeover with his appearance, only to discover the Squid Game’s establishers seeking the next batch of participants for their game.