Major geopolitical developments and it’s impact on India

Over the past several weeks, a number of important developments have taken place which may appear disconnected at a glance but in fact add up to a significant shift in regional and global geopolitics.

ONE, the withdrawal of US and NATO forces from Afghanistan and the complete takeover of the country by the Taliban. This resulted in chaos and overall disruption of the semblance of peace the country earlier possessed. With the Taliban claiming the residents of the country are happy with their takeover and the disrupted president on the run, the future of the country appears in shambles.

TWO, significant domestic political changes in the People’s Republic Of China. This includes the ideological and regulatory assault against its dynamic private high-tech companies and now recently, its real estate companies. As a result, it has a heightened risk perception among international business and industries which had seen China as a huge commercial opportunity until now. While the economical affairs of the country are entirely their own to manage and govern, there will be a lasting impact on the general job opportunities.

THREE, the announcement of the Australia-UK and US (AUKUS) alliance which represents a major departure in US strategy by its commitment to enable Australia to join a handful of countries with nuclear submarines. The alliance clearly portraits Australia’s strategic choice to firmly support USA despite its considerable economic and commercial equation in China.

FOUR, the convening of the four nation Quad physical summit (India, Australia, Japan and the US) IN Washington. This reflected a major step towards its formalization as an influential grouping in the Indo-Pacific going beyond boundaries and into a personal level of safeguarding.

These four developments together present India with both risks and opportunities. While the latter outweighs the risks henceforth. It would indeed be fitting to say a future of uncertainties awaits the entire world. Are these measurements a preparation of the unseen future or simply precautions is something only time will reveal.

Written by : Ananya Kaushal

Generation Gap

By – Supriya

How many times have you felt that your parents don’t understand you, and have no respect for you as an individual? How often do you shake your head in frustration unable to get your point across to your parents? Parents ! They are like aliens from another planet altogether! You and they are in different camps ; strangers forced to live under the same roof. Right? Wrong! There is a way of bridging what appears to be a yawning chasm.If you genuinely want to improve your relationship with your parents(and give them a big shock in the bargain!) try listening to them , just like you would listen to a valued friend. Instead of always whining ,” You don’t understand me”, stop and think. Do you ever try and understand them? Parents are under a lot of stress too. When we are worrying about our upcoming Maths exam, they are worrying about the boss in the office , and just how they are going to pay for are worrying about the boss in the office, and just how they are going to pay for our expenses.Like us , they too have bad days when someone humiliates them at work. Sometimes, they are stressed wondering where the money for all the applications you send to foreign universities is going to come from. Your mom may seldom have a chance to go out and enjoy herself. Your dad’s colleagues may deride him because he cannot afford membership to a club.

Yes, weird though it may sound, parents are humans too. They may have dreams they’ve sacrificed because they want you to realize yours. Once you step into their shoes and try to look at things from their point of view, two wonderful things happen; one, you feel a new respect for them, and two, you will find that you can actually get your own way without heated arguments. Today, when you come back from school or college,ask your mom or dad ,” How did your day go today?” or ” Tell me a little more about your job”. or ” Is there anything I can do to help you around in the house?” You will see the visible difference it makes to the atmosphere at home. And each day, try to keep your promises – to do your homework, to clean your room and to write letters or telephone if you are living away from home. Seventy five percent of the youngsters claimed that the teenage years are a time of stress and anxiety for them – anxiety about exams,jobs, parental expectations, peer pressure, love lives, the need to look good and dress smartly, and we’ll , even the state of the nation.

Generation gap means difference in attitude , or lack of understanding between younger and older generation. This generation gap has always been there but these days it has reached an explosive stage. The values and patterns of life have changed to a great extent. Today, everybody likes to live and behave in his own way. This attitude has enlarged the generation gap, which is becoming wider day by day. It is now disrupting the family life completely. The elders look after the children and make all sorts of sacrifices to bring them up. Parents want children to follow their instructions as they believe it is for benefit of children and would do them good. On the other hand, children face immense pressure of exams and cut- throat competition and think that parents know nothing about the demands of this fast paced world. In the end, despite love and affection for each other, both are drained of energy and find unable to comprehend the other. Consequently, there is lack of communication between the two that , with time, develops into larger rift. Unlike west, in india , this problem is yet in the initial stages, but the gap has appeared and it is going to grow bigger day by day. So it is not only the responsibility of the younger generation , but also of the elders to fill this gap with their love, affection and trust . The problem, in fact , has grown and intensified due to rise in complexities of modern life. These complexities have arisen in the wake of modernism as faster industrialization with increasing population has led to greater competition . The problem arises when parents begin to take things too seriously and forgot that as children they had themselves loved adventure and freedom . On the other hand, children too are in the blind race of enjoying life and following their friends. They fail to see their parents’ perspective as for them , at this age their friends suddenly become more important. This increases the anxiety of parents as they are concerned and afraid of their children falling in bad company . This leads to imposition of greater restrictions by parents, which further annoys the freedom- loving teenagers and increases the tension between the two.
At this time, grandparents can play a constructive role in order to bridge the gap of thought, attitude and approaches to life. Generation gap is not that serious a problem if families can learn to sit over dinner and amicably settle things by ironing out differences and sharing experiences. When this communication barrier is transcended and the ice broken, the problem does not remain that serious anymore. Talking it out calmly and coolly , with the idea of sorting the things out, changing for each other and changing for better can be the most helpful instrument in bridging the generation gap. Family outings, vacations, tours,panic-outings, often with the family could be effective ways to initiate intimacy between parents and children. Watching movies and discussing them, putting forth different viewpoints can be a beginning to inculcate the habit of a healthy dialogue between members of the family. Such small things and steps can do wonders in initiating a healthy family atmosphere and reducing friction between two generations that are both right from their perspective . Their only folly is that they are viewing the same thing from opposite directions. Age, time and experience or the lack of it , forces them to do so.

THANKYOU

Punjab Congress Crisis LIVE: Amarinder Singh Meets Home Minister Amit Shah In Delhi

Punjab Congress Crisis LIVE: In a video message tweeted on Wednesday morning, Navjot Sidhu said that he will not compromise on ethics and would “fight for truth until my last breath.”

New Delhi/ Chandigarh: 

Punjab’s former Chief Minister and Congress veteran Amarinder Singh met Union Home Minister Amit Shah, amid speculation about his joining the BJP. Captain Amarinder Singh recently stepped down from the top post in Punjab. Mr Singh said that during the meeting he discussed the contentious farm laws, urging Home Minister Amit Shah to repeal the laws and guarantee MSP.

On Tuesday, Navjot Singh Sidhu resigned as Punjab Congress chief, delivering a big shock to the Gandhis, who may have hoped that changing Chief Ministers would help end the turmoil in the state before elections early next year.

In a video message tweeted on Wednesday morning, Mr Sidhu said that he will not compromise on ethics and would “fight for truth until my last breath.”

“My fight is issue-based and I have stood by it for a long time. I cannot compromise with my ethics, my moral authority. What I witness is a compromise with issues, agenda in Punjab. I cannot misguide the high command nor can I let them be misguided,” Mr Sidhu said in Punjabi.

In his resignation letter to Sonia Gandhi, the cricketer-turned-politician wrote, “The collapse of a man’s character stems from the compromise corner. I can never compromise on Punjab’s future and the agenda for the welfare of Punjab. Therefore, I hereby resign as the President of Punjab Pradesh Congress Committee. I will continue to serve the Congress.”

About the Author – Sir Arthur Conan Doyle

Sir Arthur Ignatius Conan Doyle was born on 22nd May, 1859 in Edinburgh (the capital of Scotland). He was a bristish writer and physician by profession. His early education was completed at Jesuit Preparatory School at Lancanshire. Later in life, he took education at Stella Matutina in Feldkirch. This was the period of time when he rejected the Catholic faith and turned agnostic.

Sir Arthur Doyle studied medicine at the University of Edinburgh Medical School in 1876-1881. He also pursued practical botany at the Royal Botanic Garden. Sir graduated with a Bachelor of Medicine and Master of Surgery Degree from the University of Edinburgh and later obtained his Doctor of Medicine Degree. He worked as a ship surgeon during a voyage to West African Coast. Later on, he began practicing independently and while waiting for his clients, he would write literary content. Sir Arthur also tried his hands on Opthalmology but his efforts did not turn out successful.

At the age of 27, he wrote his first successful piece of writing – A Study In Scarlet. He received positive reviews in the Scotsman and Glasgow Herald. Sir Arthur created the iconic character – Sherlock Holmes, by trying to mirror his former University teacher, Joseph Bell. He wrote a plethora of Sherlock Holmes and Watson series and decided to discontinue it. He felt, these two major characters is all what his stories revolved around and that is distracting him from other topics. This prominent writer attempted to raise the price of his Sherlock Holmes writings in order to check whether his audience would still buy his writings. He was pleasantly surprised to learn that, his readers were ready to pay larger sums to read more of Sherlock Crime Fiction. Hence, he became one of the finest paid authors.

Sir Arthur Conan Doyle has written five narratives, short stories, novels such as The White Company, The Sign of Four, and works for the stage such as The Waterloo, The Speckled Band, etc.

He has been honoured with several awards such as – Knight of Grace of the most venerable order of the hospital of Saint John of Jerusalem, Queens’s South Africa Medal, Knight of the Order of the Crown of Italy, Order of the Medjidie.

Sir Arthur succumbed to a heart attack on 7th July, 1930 in East Sussex at the age of 71. He was buried in Minstead Churchyard in Hampshire. A statue in the honour of the writer has been constructed at Crowborough and a statue of the character Sherlock Holmes has also been raised at Edinburgh. Though Sir Arthur Conan Doyle is not physically present today, his remarkable writings still continue to be read by masses.

Positive effects of Covid Lockdown

Covid 19 a name which has changed the life of every individual in this world. It has changed the way we live, the way we work the way we think.When we hear covid-19 we get anxious, sad and always look at the negative side of it. Which is right because we have lost so many lives, jobs, increase in the number of of depression cases, which has ultimately made everyone’s life a Topsy-turvy.

But as we know there is always two sides of a coin, so there is always two sides of any situation too. We have already looked at the negative side and we know about it but now let’s look at the positive sides too.

Reduction in air pollution : there was reduced in air pollution which improve the air quality of whole world, as all of the big factories where close up and there was no emission of carbon dioxide, Sulphur and other toxic gases in the atmosphere.

Clearance of water body : the water bodies have cleaned themselves during this time as the industries and factories when not releasing any toxic chemicals and materials in the water bodies which even increased the number of water organism.

Reduction in use of energy : again due to the close down of all the factories and industries the energy consumed earlier was reduced and which lead to saving a lot of energy.

Improve in health facilities : as this covid-19 broke out we actually realised that we need a better health facilities and to provide these facilities many new firms were established to provide this medical and health facilities leading to its improvement. India was one of the largest producer of mass and PPE kits.

Technological advancement : when the spender make broke out everything has switched to online platforms which lead to to its improvement. As we know necessity is the mother of invention and in these time when we were not able to meet each other physically technology help us a lot to overcome this hindrance

Removal of place hindrance : we were able to take online classes, meetings, webinars and other events online which actually remove the hindrance of place as we can attend it being in any part of this world.

Spend more time with family : we were able to give more time to our family members and loved ones which earlier was not possible due to a busy work schedule.

Getting a break from busy life : this actually gave us a break from our busy life and think about ourselves and enjoy quality time with her family which actually make us very happy.

Chances for learning new skills : this also provided as to improve our skills through online courses which was earlier difficult for us to focus upon because of our busy life.

Just look at the positive sides of it. There are many more which I may not be able to cover right now, but you know it. So in order to get inspiration in the difficult time we should look at the positive points of it. Because this is what life is about facing difficulties with a smile on your face and a positive attitude in your mind.

Global Warming a Global Threat

“Global warming, a global threat”. We have heard a lot about global warming in the news debates general discussion and international discussions too. But are we really serious about it, we just hear it and leave it we never try to understand the seriousness of it. It has just turn to be a debate topic for us.

The temperature of the Earth is increasing drastically, even in Antarctica whoes normal temperature remain +10°C in summer experience 18.3 degree Celsius record temperature which is an alarm in one. Even Canada is facing about 50 degree celsius temperature which is the record highest in the history of Canada.

Cause of global warming is the CFC gases which are released by the AC, refrigerators and cars that we use. The clearing of forests that leads to deforestation is another cause of global warming as carbon dioxide is not been able to use by the trees. Global warming leads to melting of glaciers which ultimately leads to increase in sea level which is the main cause of tsunamis and other problems.

We always hear that action speaks Louder Than words and this is the real problem to take action upon. There are many steps taken internationally for this cause but we should contribute from our side too.

We can contribute by planting a tree or any small plant or by reducing the use of ACs, refrigerators and cars. Just think about it it might be a very small step from your side but will cause a great difference to this earth. Just bring the first step forward and other get inspired by you and will ultimately E result in reduction of the Global temperature.

Water A Priceless Resource

Water an absolute necessity of life. How weird, a thing which doesn’t have taste, colour or smell plays the most important part in our life. It is our daily basic necessity, it is so basic that even we have started ignoring it’s presence. The importance of anything is only realise when we are deprived of that.

We have started misusing this resource. We waste a lot of water while brushing, bathing and even pollute water bodies by contaminating it with harmful Chemicals and industrial waste which, leads to death of water organism. We have forgot that what is not our property it belongs to everyone who is present on earth.

The value of water is realised by those who are deprived of it. Almost 90% of the world’s population to not have access to clean drinking water they are forced to drink muddy and dirty water. Those people use every drop of water very cautiously. We should at least think of them if we save even a single drop of water if we can, this will contribute to a great cause.

We should take a youth from today itself that we should not waste a single drop of water. Saving water means saving life, there are many people who died because of drought and many other reason like drinking contaminated water. Do think about them and please save water if you can. Be a responsible citizen and it is our responsibility.

Everything you need to know about the classical dances of India.

There are a lot of misconceptions about what actually the classical dances of India are, what are its types and forms, and I am here to clear those confusions and let you know more about the ethereal culture of India.

there are 7 classical dances of India.

kathak

A dance form originated in the area of the present state of Uttar Pradesh, nearly 2000 years ago. Kathak literally means, one who tells a story, and that’s what it is all about. Stories and chronicles from the ancient era. It is usually known for its swift spins, bolting footwork and lightning movements. one of the fastest performing dances in the country, it is also the one of the most complex art forms. the techniques are the most important thing in the whole dance form, to practice them, there are special algorithms, for example, tarana, thumri, tukda, tatkaar, that, gat bhav, gat nikas etc. It predominantly has 3 gharanas included in it- Jaipur Gharana, Banaras Gharana and Lucknow Gharana. Jaipur gharana mainly focuses on the footwork while Banaras gharana concentrates more on the spins, and Lucknow, of course is all for the expressions or adaa. It consists of both theoretical and practical branches extending so widely that it is difficult to study all of it even in a lifetime. This prestigious dance has now spread in not only India but also the whole world. In almost every innovating country, you could find at least one Kathak dance institute. Late Pandit Chitresh das is primarily responsible for it fanning out in the US. The renowned Hindi film industry of India, or more commonly known as Bollywood, is most influenced by this form of dance. we can trace that in the songs like, kaahe chhed, aaja nachle, etc. Basically, around all Madhuri Dixit’s songs.

kathakali

A dance form originated from the area of Malabar(now Kerala), it uses vivid costumes and vibrant makeup when performed and has less theoretical knowledge when compared to any other dance forms. It mainly centralizes around depicting the stories of Krishna and usually is performed by male dancers. roots of the origin of Kathakali are not clear, but we do know that the style of Kathakali that is performed today was established in the 17th century. Most people have a misconception between the two dance forms of Kathak and Kathakali, but if you see the dance yourself, they are almost contradictory.

Bharatanatyam

The birthplace of this dance being ancient Tamil Nadu, Bharatanatyam highly focuses on the rigid and tight postures, the movement of the eyes, and the lithe of the dancer. it is more of a theoretical dance, rather than storytelling, but the latter has become fairly prominent in the 20th- 21st century. Bharatanatyam was initially exclusive only in the Hindu temples till the eighteenth century, but when the British declared on banning the dance, The people of India revolted, and started spreading the dance outside of temples and places of worship. And look now where it has brought us, Bharatanatyam is now the most famous Indian dance form in the world, and the most widely spread, and we hope it will remain so in the future.

Mohiniyattam

Another dance from the cultural state of Kerala, Mohiniyattam is a dance that follows the lasya style of dancing( soft, eros-filled and delicate) and is mostly performed by women after extensive training. First seen in the manuscripts written in the 16th century, it started systemizing in the 18th century but decreased popularity when the British Raj banned it in the years of 1931-1938. It regained its importance in the 21st century and is still thriving sprightly.

Manipuri

As it name suggests, Manipuri is originated in the ethereal state of Manipur, one of the seven sisters in the eastern side of India. It is also known as Raas Leela in some parts of the country, for its  culture fusion between various local folk dance forms. It is a dance drama for most parts, with dresses like none other. it mainly consists of the torso working arduously and the legs no moving that much, with flowy, graceful and fluid movements, it’s beauty just reflects the state it comes from.

this is it for today!

next up, we have the following dances left, I’ll also add a special segment about little details on Natyashastra.

Kuchipudi

Odissi

How optics changed the world?

The formal study of light began as an effort to explain vision. Early Greek thinkers associated with a ray emitted from the human eye. A surviving work from Euclid, the Greek geometrician, laid out basic concepts of perspective, using straight lines to show why objects at a distance appear shorter or slower than they actually are. Eleventh-century Islamic scholar Abu Ali al Hasan Ibn Al-Haytham known also by the Latinized name Alhazen revisited the work done by Euclid and Ptolemy and advanced the study of reflection, refraction, and color. He argued that light moves out in all directions from illuminated objects and that vision results when light enters the eye. In the late 16th and 17th centuries, researches including Dutch mathematician Willebrord Snel noticed that light bent as it passed through a lens or fluid. Although he believed the speed of light to be infinite, Danish astronomer Ole Romar in 1676 used telescopic observations of Jupiter moons to estimate the speed of light as 140,000 miles a second. Around the same time, Sir Isaac Newton used prisms to demonstrate that white light could be separated into a spectrum of basics colors. He believed that light was made of particles, where as Dutch mathematician Christiaan Huygens described light as a wave.

The particle versus the wave debate advanced in the 1800s. English physician Thomas young’s experiments with vision suggested wavelike behavior, since sources of light seemed to cancel out or reinforce each other. Scottish physicist James Clerk Maxwell’s research united the forces of electromagnetism fell along a single spectrum. Te arrival of quantum physics in late 19th and early 20th century prompted the next leap in understanding light. By studying the emission of electrons from a grid hit by a beam of light known as the photoelectric effect Albert Einstein concluded that light came from what he called photons, emitted as electrons changed their orbit around an atomic nucleus and then jumped back to their original state. Through Einstein’s finding seemed to favor the particle theory of light, further experiments showed that light and matter itself behave both as waves and as particles.

How do lasers works?

Einstein’s work on the photoelectric effect led to the laser, an acronym for “light amplification by stimulated emission radiation.” As electrons are exited from one quantum state to another, they emit a single photon when jumping back. But Einstein predicted that when an already excited atom was hit with the right type of stimulus, it would give off two identical photons. Subsequent experiments showed that certain source materials, such as ruby, not only did that but also emitted photons that were perfectly coherent-not scattered like the emissions of a flashlight, but all of the same wavelength and amplitude. These powerfully focused beams are now common-place, found in grocery store scanners, handheld pointers, and cutting instruments from the hospital operating room to the shop floors of heavy industry.

Future trends in fiber optics communication

Fiber optics communication is definitely the future of data communication. The evolution of fiber optic communication has been driven by advancement in technology and increased demand for fiber optic communication. It is expected to continue into the future, with the development of new and more advanced communication technology.

Another future trend will be the extension of present semiconductor lasers to a wider variety of lasing wavelengths. Shorter wavelength lasers with very high input powers are of interest in some high density optical applications. Presently, laser sources which are spectral shaped through chirp managing to compensate for chromatic dispersion are available. Chirp managing means that the laser is controlled such that it undergoes a sudden change in its wavelength when firing a pulse, such that the chromatic dispersion experienced by the pulse is reduced. There is need to develop instruments to be used to characterize such lasers. Also, single mode tunable lasers are of great importance for future coherent optical systems. These tunable lasers laser in a single longitudinal mode that can be tuned to a range of different frequencies.

“Music is the arithmetic of sounds as optics is the geometry of light.” – Claude Debussy

THE CANTERBUERY TALES

SHORT ANALYSIS

Geoffrey Chaucer was widely considered as the greatest English poet in the 14th century. His poem “Canterbury Tales” reflects his own age and forms a wonderful commentary upon the life in the Middle Ages.

           The group of pilgrims described in the Prologue  is itself an unequaled picture of the society of Chaucer’s time. During the Middle Ages, Church was a major part of everyday life. The church served to give people spiritual guidance. Chaucer introduced the characters which form the part of the society and represent various aspects of the society. The Prolgue is often referred to as a social chronicle. The thirty pilgrims set off to visit the relics of Saint Thomas Becket in Canterbury Cathdral, where they thank to the martyr for having helped them when they where in need. Chaucer alludes the 14th century England, in this period England saw the Great Famine, Black Death, catastrophic events that killed around half of England’s population. Chaucer employed the form of ‘estate satire ‘- a common literary genre in the Middle Ages -that classified people according to their occupation or position in society, with an accompanying list of flaws and virtues  associated with each category.

    The characters all came from different class backgrounds. Society in England is divide in to three estates:the Clergy, the Nobility and the Peasantry. The use of a pilgrimage as the framing device enabled Chaucer to bring together people from many walks of life: knight, prioress, monk; merchant, man of law, franklin, scholarly clerk; miller, reeve, pardoner; wife of Bath and many others. The Knight has the highest position among the pilgrims. Knight, Squire and yeoman represent the feudal chivalry of the time. Chaucer also represents the reigous order of medieval England through his representstion of the persons of some religious professions. They include ;Monk, Friar, Clerk, Parson, Pardoner, and Summoner.

The knight is the symbol of medieval world of chivalry. The Knight’s son, The Squire, who represents the new trends. The Knight participated in the religious wars or the The Crusades fought against infidels.The chivalric Knight were judged on the basis of the wars they fought for the religion and the old knight  falls in this group where as young Squire who loves singing, dancing, drawing and playing flute. The Knight serves in three broad areas; Sothern Spain, Northern Africa, the Eastern Mediterranean and Northen Europe. Each campaign was conduted for the expansion of both the Church and European civilization. The Squire represents the youth of all the ages.

HOUYHNHNMS

CHARACTER ANALYSIS

Houyhnhnms are a fictional race of intelligent horses described in the last part  of the novel. The word ‘Houyhnhnmn’ etymologically means ‘perfection of Nature’ .Houyhnhnms are rational equine beings and are masters of the land contrasting strongly with Yahoos. Here Swift uses anthropomorphism.The Houyhnhnm’s society is based upon reason and they have no religion .The master horse teaches Gulliver their language. Gulliver is impressed by their intelligence  and good behaviour.The Houyhnhnms have an orderly and peaceful society. They have a language and they speak clearly they act justly and they have simple laws.They had no word for lie. Houyhnhnms have also have a form art that is derived from Nature.They are untroubled  by greed, politics  or lust. They lives a life of cleanliness and exist in peace and serenity. Houyhnhnms live by the maxim “cultivate Reason  and be totally governed  by it”. According  to them the only word for evil is Yahoo.

       Houyhnhnms are untarnished  by the greedy, politically motivated or lustful intentions, that Gulliver  has observed in humankind. Houyhnhnm’s hooves are able to use tools or do farming work as humans do. They live upto 70-75 years and they usually die of old age. The Houyhnhnms train up their youth to strength, speed, and hardiness, by exercising them in running races up and down steep hills, and over hard stony grounds.Two principal virtues in Houyhnhnms culture  are friendship and benevolence. As a result  war is completely unknown in the Houyhnhnms culture. The Houyhnhnms believe that Nature and reason are sufficient guides for a reasonable animal.These are the reason why ,Gulliver  entered on a firm resolution never to return to humankind, but to pass the rest of his  life among these admirable Houyhnhnms, in the contemplation and practice of every virtue.

MASTER IN HOUYHNHNM’S LAND

The Houyhnhnm  who first discovers Gulliver and takes him into his own home. Wary of Gulliver’s Yahoo like appearance at first, the master was hesitant to make contact with him, but Gulliver’s ability to mimic the Houyhnhnm’s own words persuades the master to protect Gulliver. The master’s domestic cleanliness, propriety, and tranquil reasonableness of speech have an extraordinary impact on Gulliver. It is through this horse that Gulliver is led to revaluate the differences between humans and beasts and to question humanity’s claims to rationality.

YAHOO

The term yahoo is a synonym for  a rude, noisy, or violent person.Yahoos are humanlike beasts who live in servitude to the Houyhnhnms.Yahoos seems to belong to various ethnic groups,as they  there are blond Yahoos as well as dark haired and read headed ones.They are naked filthy and extremely primitive in their eating habits.They are unteachable among all animals. They are cunning ,malicious,treacherous  and also revengeful. They are strong and hardy, but of a cowardly spirit, and by consequence, insolent, abject, and cruel. When Gulliver  thought of his family,  friends,  countrymen, or the human race in general, he considered them as they really were Yahoos in shape and disposition, perhaps a little more civilized, and qualified with the gift of speech; but making no other use of reason.Yet despite Gulliver’s   revulsion for these disgusting  creatures,he ends his writing referring to himself as a yahoo.

DON PEDRO DE MENDEZ

Don Pedro de Mendez is the  Portuguese captain who takes Gulliver back to Europe after he is forced to leave the land of Houyhnhnm.Don pedro is naturally benevolent and generous ,he offered Gulliver his own best suit of clothes. Gulliver meets his generosity with repulsion as he cannot bear the company of Yahoos .

JAMES BATES

An eminent  London surgeon under  whom Gulliver serves as an apprentice after graduating from Cambridge. Bates helps get Gulliver his first job as a ship’s surgeon and then offers to set up a practice with him. After Bates’s death, Gulliver has trouble maintaining the business, a failure. Bates is hardly mentioned in the travels.

WILLIAM PRICHARD

William Prichard is the master of the Antelope, the ship on which Gulliver embarks for the South Seas at the outset of his first journey, in 1699. When the Antelope sinks, Gulliver is washed ashore on Lilliput. No details are given about the personality of Prichard, and he is not important in Gulliver’s life or in the unfolding of the novel’s plot.

LAPUTIAN’S

CHARACTER ANALYSIS

Laputian’s are the   absentminded intellectuals who live on the floating island of Laputa, encountered by Gulliver on his third voyage. The Laputans are parodies of theoreticians, who have scant regard for any practical results of their own research. During Gulliver’s stay among them, they do not mistreat him, but are generally unpleasant and dismiss him as intellectually deficient. They do not care about down-to-earth things like the dilapidation of their own houses, but worry intensely about abstract matters like the trajectories of comets and the course of the sun. They are dependent in their own material needs on the land below them, called Lagado, above which they hover by virtue of a magnetic field. In the larger context of Gulliver’s journeys, the Laputians are a parody of the excesses of theoretical pursuits and the uselessness of purely abstract knowledge.

THE KING OF LAPUTA

 The King of Laputa is a man of Mathematical obsession who explains the laws of his land to Gulliver. He thinks that the island below Laputa must obey the instructions and laws made by him,and if the people did not obeyed him, he would punish them.

LORD MUNODI

Lord Munodi  is a person of the first rank.He had been Governor of Lagado but was  discharged for insufficiency.King of Laputa treated him with tenderness and as a well meaning man.He fell from grace with ruling elite by counselling  an approach to agriculture and land management in  Lagado, an approach that was rejected eventhough it proved successful when applied to his own estate.

GOVERNOR OF GLUBBDRUBDRIB

 Governor of Glubbdrubdrib  has the power of calling  whom he pleases from the dead and commanding their service for twenty four hours.Glubbdrubdrib is the Island of sorcers and magicians.It is governered by the head of  a certain tribe,who  are all magicians. This tribe marries only among each other, and the eldest in succession is prince or governor.

KING OF LUGGNAG

Luggnagg is an island kingdom. Those who appear before the king are required to lick the dust on the floor of his throne room. The king is so pleased with Gulliver that he arranges for him to stay in the palace and gives him some money to spend.Infact the king shows his affection for Gulliver by giving him money and presenting a letter of recommendation for his voyage to Japan.

WILLIAM ROBINSON

William Robinson is a Cornish man and commander of the Hopewell.  He had always treated Gulliver  more like a brother, than an inferior officer.He is an honest man. William Robinson has commanded ships on which Gulliver has travelled before and always treated him well, even as an equal rather than a subordinate.

BROBDIGNAGIANS

Brobdignagians are the giants  whom Gulliver meets on his second voyage. Brobdingnagians are basically a reasonable and kindly people governed by a sense of justice. Even the farmer who abuses Gulliver, at the beginning he is gentle with him. The farmer’s daughter, Glumdalclitch, gives Gulliver perhaps the most kindhearted treatment he receives on any of his voyages. The Brobdingnagians do not exploit him for personal or political reasons, as the Lilliputians do. The Brobdingnagians do treat Gulliver as a plaything. When Gulliver tries to speak seriously with the king of Brobdingnag  about England, the king dismisses the English as odius, showing that deep discussion is not possible for Gulliver here.

FARMER

 Gulliver’s first master in brobdignag.  The farmer speaks to Gulliver ,showing that he is willing to believe that the relatively tiny Gulliver may be as rational as he himself and treats him with gentlenss. However farmer puts Gulliver on display around brobdignag  which clearly shows that he would profit  from his discovery than converse with him as an equal.His exploitation of Gulliver  as a labourer, which nearly starves Gulliver to death,thus Gulliver’s health deteriorates.Generally farmer represents the average Brobdignagian of no great gifts or intelligence ,wielding an extraordinary power over  Gulliver simply by his virtue of his immense size.The farmer has  wife, three children and an old grandmother.He treats Gulliver as a slave.

GLUMDALCLITCH

Glumdaclitch  is farmer’s  daughter and she is nine years old. Gulliver called her ‘Glumdaclitch’, which is the word for ‘little nurse’ in their language.She is tender hearted amd taught Gulliver  many things. She gave him lessons  in their language.When queen discovers that no one is at court ,is suited to care for Gulliver ,she invites Glumdalclitch to live at court and she performs the function with great seriousness and attentiveness. She called Gulliver ‘Grildrig’, which means ‘little man’ in their language.According to Glumdaclitch Gulliver is a living doll ,symbolizing the general status Gulliver has in Brobdignag. She was a very talented and caring girl. She was quite concerned about him when her father’s greed to earn money by conducting Gulliver’s performances were having an adverse effect upon his health. She took Gulliver’s extra care after his life was in danger due to his small size. When a giant monkey abducted Gulliver, mistaking him for baby monkey, he got injured. Glumdalclitch nursed him back to health.

QUEEN OF BROBDINGNAG

 The queen of Brobdignag , who is so delighted by Gullivers beauty and charms she agrees to buy him from the farmer for 1000 pieces of Gold.Gulliver  was out of all fear of being ill treated , under the protection of so great and good empress. Gulliver  appreciates her kindness. Gulliver describes the queen as an ornament of Nature,darling of the world and the phoenix of the creation.Gulliver also found his spirit revived by the august presence of the queen of Brobdingnag.

KING OF BROBDIGNAG

King of Brobdignag  is well educated  and he is an expert in Mathematics and in Philosophy.He seems to be true intellectual ,well versed in political science and  among other disciplines .The king’s relation to Gulliver is limited to serious discussions about the history and institutions of Gulliver’s native land.

QUEENS DWARF

 The queen’s dwarf is generally malevolent and conceives a particular antipathy for Gulliver. He is whipped several times for mistreating the only man at court smaller than he is, a proceeding which only increases his dislike.

 Mr. THOMAS WILCOCKS 

Thomas Wilcocks is a captain  from Shropshire  and who saved Gulliver  from the bird  like  cage .He also entertained  Gulliver with great kindness  and comforted him.Thomas Wilcock is an educated person and he  have a good sense to understand others. He is an intelligent man who listens patiently to Gulliver’s story.