Tag: # corona virus

Are more women dying of Covid-19 in India?

New research by a group of scientists in India and US shows that although men make up the majority of infections, women face a higher risk of dying from the coronavirus than men.



The study, based on Covid-19 deaths in India until 20 May, shows early estimates that 3.3% of all women contracting the infection in India were dying compared to 2.9% of all men. (India had a caseload of more than 110,000 with 3,433 deaths and a fatality rate of 3.1% when the study was conducted.)In the 40-49 age group, 3.2% of the infected women have died, compared to 2.1% of men. Only females have died in the 5-19 age group.

Five key questions about India’s rising Covid-19 infections
I asked SV Subramanian, a professor of population health at Harvard University and one of the leader authors of the study, what this implied.


He told me that the narrative of calculating the Covid-19 fatality rate by groups has conflated two key metrics – mortality risk and mortality burden.

Mortality risk measures the probability of death in a specific group- in this case, total number of deaths of women divided by confirmed infections among women.

On the other hand, mortality burden gives you the number of deaths among women as a percentage share of the total deaths, both men and women.Prof Subramanian says for the large part, the statistics have looked at the latter – men having a greater share of total deaths (63% in India, hewing to international data) – but “inferred the former risk”.



“Our overall conclusion is that, when infected, women do not seem to have any specific survival advantage [in India],” says Prof Subramanian.

“How much of this can be attributable to biological factors and how much of this is associated with social factors is unclear. Gender can be a critical factor in Indian settings,” he says.

The ‘mystery’ of lndia’s low Covid-19 death rates
But the findings are certainly striking because they run counter to what has been observed elsewhere in the world.

For one, men are more likely to suffer from co-morbidities or underlying health conditions, like cardio-vascular disease and hypertension, says Kunihiro Matsushita, a professor of epidemiology at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health.

Men also smoke more than women in many countries, and some studies have shown that men wash their hands less frequently than women.

Prof Matsushita says that studies he had participated in had shown that male patients have a higher risk of contracting severe Covid-19 infection.

Scientists also believe that women have a lower mortality risk because of sturdier immune defences. And have hormones like oestrogen which has “beneficial effects on upper and lower airways and is associated with stimulation of the immune response to upper airway infections”.

“In that regard, a higher case fatality rate in women than men in this report is certainly unique,” Prof Matsushita told me.

But he says the research data needs to be scrutinised in the context of how Covid-19 is diagnosed in India. “For example, is the opportunity to get a test same between men and women?” he wonders.There could be more to this puzzle than what meets the eye.

Women outlive men in India and there are more older women than men. Is this leading to more deaths among women, as elderly people are vulnerable to the infection?

Also, women in India are more likely to delay going to doctors, and often self-medicate at home. And a woman’s health is more likely to be ignored in a household. So are women arriving late for testing and treatment?

Homemaker caregivers are more prone to contracting the infection – during the 1918 Spanish flu more women in India – relatively undernourished, cooped up in unhygienic and ill-ventilated dwellings, and nursing the sick – died than men.


“We need to dissect the gender data to find out more about what’s going on,” says T Jacob John, a retired professor of virology at Christian Medical College, Vellore.

Researchers agree. “We will keep a close watch and keep updating the results,” Prof Subramanian says.

Written by: Ananya Kaushal

Himalaya Neem Face Wash

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KodiSoftware Download For Free | Top sites


Let’s start with knowing that what is Kodi software and why one should have it.

What is Kodi software?

Initially released in 2002 [as Xbox media play], in 2003 [as Xbox media centre]. Kodi software application is developed by the XBMC Foundation, Kodi is a free and open-source media player software application, it’s a non-profit technology consortium. It’s a 10-foot user interface with television and remote controls.

With a view of most streaming media such as podcasts, music, videos and views from the internet, one can access all Common digital media. These are some of its platform PowerPC, IA-36, ARM and x64(x84-64). Available in 12[75 including incomplete translations] language. HTPC it’s is a multi-platform home-theater PC application. Kodi is highly customizable so allow it’s users to stream media content via online services such as Crackle, Amazon Prime Internet Videos, Pandora Internet Radio, Spotify and Youtube.

The later version of kodi has a (PVR) graphic front and end. All these available advantages make Kodi a great software to be utilized.

 Let’s now dive into how to download Kodi for free.

Already millions of people are enjoying this great software for free. Kodi is running on the most common processer architectures, iOS, Android, MOS X and Windows operating systems.

How to download : select your platform

As Kodi supports a large range of devices and operating systems, it is multi flavour. Simply select your platform in which you want to install Kodi on and enjoy Kodi.

 

Weekly positive rate falls below 5% across districts in Andhra Pradesh.

The Covid-19 weekly case positivity rate has finally dropped to below 5% in all districts of the state for the first time in months during the ongoing second wave. Even last week, when Andhra Pradesh’s average weekly positivity rate stood at 3.2%, East Godavari and West Godavari had crossed the 5% positivity rate threshold.

As per the latest weekly case positivity rate statistics between July 12 and 18, Kurnool has the lowest case positivity rate among all districts at 0.74%.

In all, Anantapur, Kurnool, Srikakulam and Vizianagaram have a less than 2% weekly case positivity rate. While the weekly positivity rate ranges between 3% and 5% in five districts, eight districts have a positivity rate less than 3%.

The case positivity rate is a key indicator to gauge the spread of the disease in the community at a certain point in time. The World Health Organisation (WHO), in an advisory released in May last year, stated that less than 5% samples testing positive for Covid-19, at least for two weeks, is an indicator that the disease is under control.

Corresponding with the lowering case positivity rate, the daily new infection numbers have now dropped to about the 2,000 to 3,000 range from the peak of 24,171 cases on May 16. But districts such as East Godavari, West Godavari, Visakhapatnam and Chittoor still continue to contribute a major chunk of the daily infection numbers. This can be gauged from the fact that while the state’s cumulative case positivity rate stood at 8.22% as of July 18, it is as much as 12.43% in East Godavari, 9.88% in Chittoor and 8.59% in West Godavari.

Despite the fall in case positivity rate, the state health department is augmenting infrastructure at all hospitals in its preparation for the anticipated third wave. A special focus has been laid on improving infrastructure to treat paediatric Covid-19 cases based on the assumptions of several experts and reports that the third wave may hit children.

NCC

Introduction

The National Cadet Corps is the youth wing of the Indian Armed Forces with its headquarters in New Delhi, India. It is open to school and college students on voluntary basis as a Tri-Services Organization, comprising the Army, the Navy and the Air Wing, engaged in grooming the youth of the country into disciplined and patriotic citizens.

The soldier youth foundation in India is a voluntary organization which recruits cadets from high schools, higher secondary, colleges and universities all over India. The Cadets are given basic military training in small arms and drill. The officers and cadets have no liability for active military service once they complete their course.

Origin

In 1949, the Girls Division was raised in order to give equal opportunities to school and college going girls. The NCC was given an inter-service image in 1950 when the Air Wing was added, followed by the Naval Wing in 1952. In the same year, the NCC curriculum was extended to include community development/social service activities as a part of the NCC syllabus at the behest of Late Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru who took keen interest in the growth of the NCC. Following the 1962 Sino-Indian War, to meet the requirement of the Nation, the NCC training was made compulsory in 1963. In 1968, the Corps was again made voluntary.

Aim and Motto

The discussion for motto of NCC was started in 11th central advisory meeting (CAC) held on 11 August 1978. At that time there were many mottos in mind like “Duty and Discipline”; “Duty, Unity and Discipline”; “Duty and Unity”; “Unity and Discipline”. Later, at the 12th CAC meeting on 12 Oct 1980 they selected and declared “Unity and Discipline” as motto for the NCC. In living up to its motto, the NCC strives to be and is one of the greatest cohesive forces of the nation, bringing together the youth hailing from different parts of the country and molding them into united and disciplined citizens of the nation.

Skill development

The benefits of joining NCC include receiving basic military training. It develops the students’ interest in three forces – Air force, Army, and Navy. NCC is the first platform that provides opportunities to the cadets to check their efficiency to join the mainstream Indian Defence Services.

The cadets are imparted training in the use of arms, along with communication skills and personality development skills, he said. The NCC helps to develop leadership qualities in students. NCC cadets Indrajith and Yashaswi have been selected for Republic Day parade in New Delhi. The NCC helps to instil confidence.

NCC is an effective organization designed to mould the youth at their most impressionable age with the aims of developing qualities of character, courage, comradeship, discipline, leadership, secular outlook, spirit of adventure and sportsmanship and the ideals of selfless service among the youth to make them useful .

Learning

Discipline, basic arms training, team ethics, following orders, various kinds of physical activities, sports, tours to remote areas, etc. are some of the things you experience and learn in NCC. These lessons are invaluable and make the journey of learning beautiful.

Link

Animals

Since the time Earth developed the quality of sustaining life, life has always gone under the process of evolution. Life started from single celled organisms and developed stage by stage. One organism extinct to develop into its better developed species or even at times it happens that some animals get erased from the surface of the earth due to extreme environmental condition.

EXTINCT ANIMALS: Species of animals which existed in the surface of the earth once upon a time but has no current existence, this may have been a result of extreme environmental condition or some other condition for existence. For example, we have dinosaurs, Dodo.

ENDANGERED ANIMALS: The species of animals which have only a few animals left on the surface of the earth and are in the mouth of being extinct are known as endangered, currently this is a result of poaching i.e., unethical killing of wild animals with purpose or change in the climate due to pollution and other factors. For example, we have the Royal Bengal Tiger.

We cannot do anything for the species which are extinct but we can definitely take steps and save our endangered species. Poaching laws should be made stricter and it should be taken care that people follow them.

Different types of animals :

Scientists sort the different types of animals in the world into categories based on certain characteristics. Animals are generally grouped into six types of aninals. The system for animal classifications is called taxonomy.

The Animal Kingdom :

All animals belong to a biological kingdom called kingdom Animalia. This kingdom is then broken down into over 30 groups. About 75% of all species on earth are aninals. Animals are then broken down into two types : vertebrates and invertebrates.

* Animals with a backbone are vertebrates.

* vertebrates belong to the phylum called phylum chordata.

* vertebrates are classified into five classes. They are amphibians, birds, fish,mammals, and reptiles.

* Animals without a backbone are invertebrates.

* Most invertebrates are in the phylum Arthropoda.

1. Amphibians :

All amphibians are vertebrates, and they need moist environment or water to survive.

* They are cold- blooded.

* They absorb water and breathe through their thin skin

* They have at least one special king gland used for defense.

* Most follow the life cycle of egg-larva- adult.

* examples : frog , newts, salamanders, toads.

2. Birds

Birds are a type of warm- blooded vertebrate that are adapted to fly.

* Not all birds can fly, but they do all have wings.

* Birds have beaks that help them catch and swallow food.

* The digestive system of a bird allows it to eat whenever it can and digest that food later.

* Birds lay egg to reproduce.

* They are endothermic, mening they maintain their own constant body temperature.

* They are bipedal, which means they have two legs.

* They have hollow bones and their bodies are covered in feathers.

* Birds belong to the class called Aves.

* Examples : albatrosses, chickens, hummin birds, falcons, falmingoes, ostriches, owls, parrot, penguins, pigeons.

3. Fish :

Fish are also vertebrates, and they are considered the oldest-known vertebrates.

* They are ectothermic, or cold- blooded, which means they rely on their surroundings to regulate their body temperature.

* Fish have funs.

* Most, but not all, fish have bodies covered in scales and breathe through gills.

* Fish live under water.

* Examples : eels, hangfish, lampreys, minnows, rays, salmon, seahorses, sharks.

4. Mammals :

Mammals are another type of vertebrate that belongs to the class Mammalia.

* young mammals get nourishment from milk produced by their mothers.

* Most mammals have hair.

* Their jaw is hinged directly to their skull unlike all other vertebrates.

* Almost aĺl mammals give birth to live bsbies.

* They are endothermic, or warm- blooded.

* Examples : there are over 5500 living species of mammals all over the world. Aardvarks, bats, elephants, hamsters, human, rabbits, rhinoceroses, whales.

5. Reptiles :

Reptiles are thought to be the first vertebrates to live completely on land. But, not all reptiles live only on land today.

* They are cold- blodded, or ectothermic

* They lay eggs to reproduce.

* They have four legs or descended from animals with four legs.

* They breathe through lungs

* Their bodies are covered in scales or scutes.

* Examples : crocodiles, geckos, lizards, sea turtles, snakes, tortoises.

Invertebrates :

Approximately 95% of all animals are invertebrates. Invertebrates do not have a backbone. There are different types of invertebrates, but they all share a few characteristics.

• They are made up of many cells that work together, or multicellular.

• Most, but not all have tissues, cells that work together in a more complex way.

• Most, but not all, can move.

• There are over 35 phyla of invertebrates.

• They generally have soft babies.

● Types of Invertebrates :

There are eight phyla of invertebrayes that are alive today.

* Annelida – have a segmented body and primitive brain

* Arthropoda – have jointed appendages and an exoskeleton.

* Cnidaria – have tissues and an incomplete digestive system

* echinodermata – have some type of spiny structure on their bodies

* Mollusca – generally have sofy bodies and a hard exoskeleton.

* Nematoda – unsegmented with worm- shaped bodies

* platyhelminthes – have soft, ribbon- like worms with no respiratory system.

* porifera – multicellular organisms living in water with no organs or tissues.

Examples : anemone( cnidaria) , clams ( mollusca), coral,

Religion in India

Being a part of a mixed economy , where politics tend to exploit the peace between different religions and so on …….. .

“India was the motherland of our race, and Sanskrit the mother of Europe’s languages: she was the mother of our philosophy; mother, through the Arabs, of much of our mathematics; mother, through the Buddha, of the ideals embodied in Christianity; mother, through the village community, of self-government and democracy. Mother India is in many ways the mother of us all.”

Will Durant, American historian

And now you want to know why I am being so dramatic over such things . Well , if you want to know than start reading the editorial .

Introduction

Indians say it is important to respect all religions, but major religious groups see little in common and want to live separately

More than 70 years after India became free from colonial rule, Indians generally feel their country has lived up to one of its post-independence ideals: a society where followers of many religions can live and practice freely.

Religion has historically influenced Indian society on a political, cultural and economic level. There is a sense of pride associated with the country’s rich religious history as the traditions of Hinduism, Buddhism, Sikhism and Jainism all emerged out of India. Moreover, while a majority of people in India identify as Hindu (79.8%), the medley of religions that exist within the country continually impact contemporary society.

Census

The 2011 Indian census indicated that 79.8% of Indians identified as Hindu, 14.2% identified as Muslim and 2.3% identified as Christian. A further 1.7% of the population identified as Sikh, 0.7% identified as Buddhist and 0.37% identified as Jain. Due to the massive population size of India, religious minorities still represent a significant number of people. For example, although only 0.37% of India may identify with Jainism, that still equates to over 4 million people. While not all religions in India can be discussed in detail, the following provides an overview of the major religions in the country as well as sizable religions that originated in India.

Social beliefs

“India has two million gods and worships them all. In religion all other countries are paupers; India is the only millionaire.”

Mark Twain

Karma, Acceptance and Personal Choice . Many Indians tend to have a sense of acceptance towards one’s life position or a belief that, due to actions in one’s past life, good or bad personal circumstances are deserved. This attitude partly stems from religious ideas such as ‘karma’ (the idea that one’s actions will affect their current or future life) and ‘samsara’ (the cycle of rebirth).

The interplay of these social, cultural and religious factors allows people to be accepting of life events and trajectories. However, this is not to be interpreted as Indians being unwilling to take responsibility for life circumstances. Many often contemplate how their actions may impact their future and make decisions accordingly. Some of India’s youth are challenging a fatalistic perspective by asserting their free will to choose their vocation, spouse and other life factors. Indeed, as social mobility becomes more common, there is a growing belief that one can change their circumstances.

It’s Role

Religion plays a major role in the Indian way of life. Rituals, worship, and other religious activities are very prominent in an individual’s daily life; it is also a principal organizer of social life. The degree of religiosity varies amongst individuals; in recent decades, religious orthodoxy and observances have become less common in Indian society, particularly amongst young urban-dwellers. As of the politics , they play with religion , people’s belief and with their trust .

Link :

Happiness

Happiness is a state of mind which we possess when something good happens to us and we feel that goodness at our heart. This is an abstract feeling which is not materialistic and cannot be bought by money or some other possession. Happiness brings with itself a lot of positivity and also provides us with the motivation to go ahead and achieve other milestones. Happiness also maintains the zeal and enthusiasm for doing things and experiencing new paths. Happy state of mind also increases the age of people and lets them live a longer life.

Happiness is a key to healthy life; it sets a soul free and encourages it to explore the world and also gives us power. Happiness is a part of being successful in life it is that fruit which we all want to grow and thus we do so much of hard work throughout our entire life so that we can live a happy peaceful life after all. Happiness cannot be ever faked it comes straight out from our heart and it is priceless. At the end of a hard-earned day all we care for is some peace and happiness in our families and ourselves so that we can start another fresh day ahead.

4 levels of Happiness :

” Happiness is the meaning and the purpose of life, the whole aim and end of human existence” . Of course, there are a number of different types of happiness and each person has different things in life that make them happy and unhappy. It is important for people to be self- aware and to truly understand what makes them happy and content as individuals. Take a look at the different types of happiness below and think about the things in your life that maku you happy.

There are main types of happiness, these being related to; pleasure, passion and purpose.

Pleasure :

Pleasure is important to us human beings but its related benefits are relatively short term. A delicious meal, a nice meeting with friends or listening to our favourite music all produce endorphins and offerus happy moments that can be the highlights of our day. However, these singular moments don’t equate to long- term satisfaction.

Passion :

Being passionate about something whether a hobby cause or group activity and actively being involved with it can be a great source of happiness. These activites deliver contentment in the medium term and provide a sense of achievement and variety in life

Purpose :

Feeling like you are part of something bigger than yourself and that your actions will really matter can lead to a deep sense of fulfillment and long- term happiness. We all like to think that our lives have menaing and if you can find your ” calling” or be part of great team, group or organisation that are making a difference then chances are you will be truly happy.

Ultimate Good :

The fourth level of happiness is known as ultimate good. This is a fundamental desire we have as human beings for perfect truth, goodness beauty and love . Many people find this form of happiness through their religious beliefs. Even those who don’t believe in a higher power can find happiness in their pursuit of truth, beauty, love and goodness in themselves and in helping others. This level is happiness is often considered the most enduring and profound.

Different types of Happiness :

1. Joy :

Joy is when you win a hard- fought competition, you finally accomplish a project you’ve wanted to or times when you doible over in uncontrolled laughter when someone relates a hilarious story. Joy makes you feel great about yourself, makes you feel confident, assertive, capable, loved and fulfilled.

The feeling of joy is fleeting joy is presemt at the moment. It is possible to feel joy despite grief or uncertainty. Happiness can be found in many things. It transforms tough times into blessimgs and turns heartache into gratitude.

2. Love :

Second, on the list pf different types of happiness is love. Which means other things to different people still, a wholesome ,reciprocared love with another person seems to be the fundamental predictor of happiness. Here, we are not just talking about romantic love, it means to love with friends and family, as well as partners. When you’re in love, you’ re blissfully happy all the time.

3. Contentment :

The secret of Happiness is contentment which means a state of happiness or satisfaction . It isn’t a matter of being satisfied with what you have. Contentment not only holds the power tobmake you happy, but it will transforms your life in many ways.

4. Optimism :

Optimism is a type of happiness that reflects the belief that events or experience outcomes will generally be positive. The key to attaining happiness is to have an optimistic approach to life, as optimism reflects hope and faith, helping people believe that this world is the right place

5. Gratitude :

Gratitude creates positive emotions, like different types of happiness, joy, love, and contentment, it can undo the hold of negative emotions. It goes hand in hand with mindfulness in its focous on the present and greatfulness for what we have now, rather than wanting more and more.

6. Excitment :

Excitment can be anything from about a new job or moving to a different place and motivates youbto work harder and channel that positive energy into more constructive activity. Excitements is fleeting. It dissipates rather quickly and can turn into ennui. It sometimes acts as a motivating factor , and execitment often leads people to likely make a decision. Even a bad one as excitment leads to impulsivity.

7. Pride :

Last on the list of different types of happiness is pride. Yes, pride and happiness go hand in hand. You can take pride in your work and your family, your haome and yourself, and in anything you put effort, attention, and love into. It is a positive feeling in reactive to a jouous event.

There are 7 essential keys to happiness and success that will help to materialize both those things in your life:

* Gratitude.

* Be present

* Manage time Effectively

* Set smarter Goals

* Embody an Empowering morning Routine

* Tackle the MITs

* Focus on Health and wellbeing.

To get the most bang for the happiness buck, I’ve realized that I should complete four stages of reveling in a moment of happiness :

* Anticipate with pleasure.

* Savor the moment as I experience it,

* express my happiness to myself or others,

* reflect on a happy memory.

Four happy hormones :

* Dopamine

* serotonin

* Endorphins

* oxytocin

Strategies of Happiness :

* Do more activities that truely engage you

* savor life’s joy

* Learn to forgive

* Practice acts of kindness

* Nature relationships

* cultivate optimisim

* Avoid overthinking and social comparison

* Develop strategies for coping

STAY HAPPY 🤩AND KEEP SMILING ALWAYS😁 .BE HAPPY 🥳

Unemployment

Unemployment has become one of the biggest problems around the world. When an individual is an implied, he or she will know very less about the mankind. It is so difficult to face situation and handle situations when the individual is unemployed. Unemployment leads to many silly mistakes. And an unemployed person cannot take over the family and lead the family as well. There is a huge competition in highly populated countries like India. In order to be employed, the only method is to study hard and improve the skills and score better. Basically, the students are not showing good amount of interest towards the studies. Let us now see how to motivate them.

Covid crisis has made many people unemployed. It has taken away the basic need of living. Many people are left with the unfilled stomachs. Some people are dead about by not finding a way to live.

Types of unemployment :

There are four main types of unemployment in an economy frictional, structural, cyclical, and seasonal and each has a different cause.

1. Frictional unemployment :

Frictional unemployment is caused by temporary transitions in workers lives, such as when a worker moves to a new city and has to find a new job. Frictional unemployment also includes people just entering the labor force, such as freshly graduated college students. It is the most common cause of unemployment, and it is always in effect in an economy.

2. Structural unemployment :

Structural unemployment is caused by a mismatch in the demographics of workers and the types of jobs available, either when there are jobs available that workers don’t have the skills for, or when there are workers availabes but no jobs to fill. Structural unemployment is most obvious in industries undergoing technological advancements.

3. Cyclical unemployment :

Cyclical unemployment is caused by declining demand. When there is not enough demand in an economy for goods and services, businesses cannot offer jobs . According to keynesian economics , cyclical unemployment is a natural result of the business cycle in times of recession: if all consumers become fearful at once, consumers will attempt to increase their saving at the same time, which means there will be a decrease in spending, and businesses will not be able to employ all employable workers.

4. Seasonal unemployment :

Seasonal unemployment is caused by different industries or parts of the labor market being available during different seasons. Fot instance, unemployment goes up in the winter months, because many agricultural jobs end oncr crops are have harvested in the fall, and those wotkers are left to find new jobs.

Consequences of unemployment in an Economy :

Low unemployment is key to economic stability High and long- term unemployment can cause significant stress on a nation in three key areas.

* Individuals :

Unemployed people have no ability to fulfill their financial obligations and can become mentally stressed, ill, and even homeless.

* Economic efficiency :

During times of high unemployment many job seekers will accept new jobs below their skill level, a situation called “underemployment ” which translates to a loss of human capital for an economys labor market. Unemployed workers will also significantly decreases their consumer spending, which is one of the driving forces of economic growth. Without consumer spending, the economy will slow dramatically.

* socio- political stability :

If unemployment remains high, citizen dissatisfaction can rise to the point of widespread civil unrest.

Possible solutions for Unemployment :

Solving unemployment is a hotly debated topic, and no economists agree on one simple way to do it. However, in the U.S ,if unemployment rises noticeably, the government usually steps in with specific policies designed to lower the total number of unemployed people.

1. Monetary policy :

Monetary policy is financial influence implemented by a central bank . Monetary policies usually come in the form of lower interest rates, which increase the total money supply within an economy by allowing banks and businesses more access to loans and therefore, more accessible spending power.

2. Fiscal policy :

If expansionary monetary policy doesn’t adequately lower the unemployment rate government agencies will turn to fiscal policy. Fiscal policy is fiscal stimulus implemented by the national government and fiscal policies include spending on infrastructure, proposingtax cuts , increasing the minimum wage, or implementing unemployment benefits. These methods are designed to inject more demand into private economy and strengthen economic activity.

Let us now see some of the ways to motivate the students to study and get employeed.

• Make things easier :

Showing the things easier and explaining them with clarity helps the students to show better interest on the subject and makes them to pay more attention on what the teacher is trying to convey. When the topics are shown easier for the students, they start learning them and they feel achieved and they pay more attention to study. When a student learns a particular topic or a question, he/she feels comfortable and happy for getting it. Once if they start reading, they develop the interest in them and they continue to read more and more.

• Tell the importance :

The students must be motivated with good number of words to understand the need of studying and what happens if they don’t study. A student is like a bird without the wings when they don’t study. So, it is very important to motivate students to study and to make them understand the need of the situation. Motivation brings the right change in the students who are not interested in learning. It develops the interest in them to study.

It seems good if the government provides good number of jobs.

Deserts

In the world we find varied geographical regions which includes mountains, plains, deserts, plateaus all with their own physical features. Desert is basically a piece of barren land which is filled with sand and lacks water bodies and have dry weather all along. In day time deserts are extremely heated up and at night it becomes chilling cold at the same place. In the Indian subcontinent we find desert in the western part of the subcontinent in the state of Rajasthan.

The animals and plants in the deserts have their own adaptations, among plants we find a variety of cactus, cactus plants have special adaptations to survive in the desert, they have fleshy stem which holds water in them which turns out to be useful when there is scarcity of water also they have very long roots which can penetrate deep inside the soil in search of water also they don’t have leaves and have thorns in place of them in cactus the food is prepared in the step as it contains chlorophyll and is green in color. Also, we find camel in desert their feet have adaptation to walk on the sand also they can survive with less water and they have long eyelashes to protect their eyes from dust storms.

Types of Deserts :

1. Coastal Deserts :

Coastal deserts occur in cool to warm areas along the coast. They have cool winters and long, warm summers. Coastal deserts are located on the west coasts of continents between 20° to 30° lattitude. Winds off the coast blows in an easterly pattern and prevents the moisture from moving onto the land. The Namib desert in Africa and the Atacama desert in chile are coastal deserts.

2. Subtropical Deserts :

Subtropical deserts the hottest deserts. They are found in Asia, Australia, Africa and North and south America. In the united states, the chilhuahuan, sonoran and Mojave are all subtropical deserts. Subtropical deserts are very hot and dry in the summner and cooler but still dry in the winter. Rainfall happens in short bursts. The air is so hot and dry in these deserts that sometimes rain evaportaes before it even has a chance to hit the ground. The soil in subtropical deserts is usually either sandy or coarse and rocky.

Plants and animals in subtropical deserts must be able to withstand the hot temperatures and lack of moisture. Shrubs and small trees in the subtropical desert usually have leaves adapted to retain moisture. Animals in sbtropical deserts are usually active at night, when it is cooler.

3. Cold wintet Deserts :

Cold winter deserts are also known as semiarid deserts . They have long, dry summers and cold winters with low rain or snowfall. In the united states the Great basin, the colorado plateau and the Red Desert are all cold winter deserts. Other cold winter deserts include the Gobi desert in china and Mongolia and the patagonian desert in Argentina. The lack of rainfall in cloud winter deserts is often caused by the rainshadow effect. The rainshadow effect happens when a high mountain range stops moisture from reaching an area. The Himalayan Mountain prevent rainfall from reaching the Gobi desert.

4. Ploar Deserts :

Polar deserts are found in the Arctic and Antarctic regions. Like warmer deserts, they also get very little precipitation.polar deserts are cold year- round.

Largest Desert in the world :

The antarctic polar Desert, which makes up the vast majority of Antarctica, is the largest desert in the world. In fact this single desert is larger than the combined size of the Gobi Desert, the Arabian Desert, and the sahara Desert.

* The driest desert of the world Atacama is surely the most dangerous desert of all.

The strongest animal in the Desert :

Based on strength to weight ratio, the dung beetle of the scarab is the strongest creature on earth. They can lift 1141 times their own body weight. It helps them a lot in finding the mate and food. The dung beetles also constitute a large percentage of scarab family.

The 7 hardest Animals to Hunt :

* Leopards

* Mountain Goats.

* Elk

* Eland.

* cape Buffalo

* Roan and sable

* Bears.

what can kill you in the Desert?

Aside from the oppressive heat and lack of water, the desert is also full of critters that can bite and sting. Some of these guys can even kill you if you aren’t able to find medical help. Spiders, scorpions, centipedes, and snakes are all found in dark places , abandoned builidings and under rocks.

Most Famous Deserts :

* Namib Desert – Africa

* Atacama Desert – South Americs.

* sahara Desert – Africa

* Gobi Desert – china

* Mojave Desert – Nevada

* Antarctic Desert – Antarctica

* Sonoran Desert – USA

* Thar Desert – India

* Rub’al khali – saudi Arabia

* Tabernas Desert – spain

* Taklamakan Desert – central Asia

* pinnacles Desert – Australia

* Salar de uyuni Desert – Bolivia

* Dasht- e kavir – Iran

* Chihuahuan Desert –New Mexico

* White Desert, Farafra – Egypt

Plastic bags

We human beings are the one who is responsible for polluting our nature and thus in turn nature also takes its revenge through various calamities, diseases, pandemic and so on. We all know that pollution is mainly caused by non-biodegradable wastes and plastic is such a non-biodegradable product which we human beings use very frequently in our everyday life, starting from plastic bags to toys, containers, food packaging almost everything has the use of plastic in it and thus is also generates a lot of waste daily. Plastic being a non-biodegradable waste stays into the soil or water for years and does not decompose rather they choke animal and water creatures also restricts plant growth and leads even to their death sometimes when the roots get entangled into them. Non-biodegradable plastic waste if burnt emits toxic fumes which in turn causes severe air pollution and is extremely harmful for living beings. We have got so much use of plastic that we cannot completely stop the use of plastic we can reduce it to some extent. To save the nature and environment from pollution we can follow the 3R’s i.e., Reduce, Reuse and Recycle. Recycling plastic is a great method which is even sustainable and can help us save our nature.

Package :

Several design options and features are available. Some bags have gussets to allow a higher volume of contents, special standup pouches have the ability to stand up on a shelf or a refrigerator, and some have easy opening or reclosable options. Handles are cut into or added into some. Bags can be made with a variety of plastics films. Polyethylene is the most common. Other forms, including laminates and co- extrusions can be used when the physical properties are needed. Plastics to create single use bags are primarly made with Fossil fuels. International plastic bag free day is celebrated on july 3.

Medical uses :

Plastic bags are used for many medical purposes. The non purpose quality of plastic film means that they are usefu for isolating infections body fluids ; other porous bags made of nonwoven plastics can be sterilized by gas and maintain this sterility. Bags can be made under regulated sterile manufactoring conditions ,so they can be used when the infection is a health risk. They are lightweight and flexiblr, so they can be carried by or laid next to patients without making the patients as uncomfortable as a heavy glass bottle would be. They are less expensive than re- usable options, such as glass bottles.

Flexible intermediate bulk container :

Flexible intermediate bulk containers are large industrial containers, usually used for bulk powders or flwables. They are usually constructed of women heavy-duty plastic fibers.

Plastic shopping bags :

Open bags with carrying handles are used in large numbers. Stores often provide them as a convience to shoppers. Some stores charge a nominal fee for a bag. Heavy duty reuseable shopping bags are often considered environmentally better than single use paper or plastic shopping bags. Because of envirpnmental a little problems, some locations are working toward a phase- out of lightweight plastic bags.

Danger to children :

Thin, comfortable plastic bags, especially dry cleaning bags, have the potential to cause suffocation. Because of this about 25 children in the united states suffocate each year due to plastic bags, almost nine- tenth of whom are under the age of one. This had led to voluntary warning lables on some bags posing a hazard to small children.

Uses :

Plastic bags are used for diverse applications. Bags of crisps, gardening supplies, bagging vegetables, blood platelets, inner bladder for bag-in – box , pastry bag with convenience closure, ostomy bag, bin bag, string bag made of plastic fibers, porous bag for cooking rice, Intravenous therapy, evidence bag, travel toiletries in a reclosable plastic bag, woven plastic fiber bags used for sand, A plastic body bag.

Different Types of plastic Bags :

* High Density polyethylene (HDPE)

* Low Density polyethylene ( LDPE)

* Linear Low Density Polyethylene ( LLDPE)

* Medium Density polyethylene (MDPE)

* polypropylene ( pp)

* The problem with plastic bags. Plastic bags start out as fossil fuels and end up as deadly waste in landfills and the ocean. Birds often mistakes shredded plastic bags for food, filling their stomachs with toxic debris.

Doping – How is it Affecting Sports?

“Science has learned recently that contempt and indignation are addictive mental states. I mean physically and chemically addictive. Literally! People who are self-righteous a lot are apparently doping themselves rhythmically with auto-secreted surges of dopamine, endorphins and enkephalins. Didn’t you ever ask yourself why indignation feels so good?”

~ David Brin

Introduction

Doping in sport is a widespread problem not just among elite athletes, but even more so in recreational sports. In scientific literature, major emphasis is placed on doping detection, whereas detrimental effects of doping agents on athletes’ health are seldom discussed. Human growth hormone also increases muscle mass, although the majority of that is an increase in extracellular fluid and not the functional muscle mass.

The term doping is widely used by organizations that regulate sporting competitions. The use of drugs to enhance performance is considered unethical, and therefore prohibited, by most international sports organizations, including the International Olympic Committee.

History

According to the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA), the term “doping” probably comes from the Dutch word “dop,” an alcoholic beverage made of grape skins that was used by Zulu warriors to make them stronger in battle.

Ancient Greek athletes used special diets and stimulating potions to improve performance, and 19th century endurance athletes indulged in strychnine, caffeine, cocaine and alcohol.

The American specialist in doping, Max M. Novich, wrote: “Trainers of the old school who supplied treatments which had cocaine as their base declared with assurance that a rider tired by a six-day race would get his second breath after absorbing these mixtures.”[8] John Hoberman, a professor at the University of Texas in Austin, Texas, said six-day races were “de facto experiments investigating the physiology of stress as well as the substances that might alleviate exhaustion.”

Effects of doping in sports

It builds muscle but causes abnormal growth, heart disease, diabetes, thyroid problems, hypertension, blood cancers and arthritis. Other adverse effects include joint pain, muscle weakness, visual disturbances, enlarged heart and diabetes.

Other side effects include:

  • Heart palpitations.Heart rhythm abnormalities.
  • Weight loss.
  • Tremors.
  • Mild high blood pressure (hypertension)
  • Hallucinations.
  • Stroke.
  • Heart attack and other circulatory problems.
  • Constipation.Skin rash or dermatitis.
  • Diarrhea.
  • Dizziness.
  • Drowsiness.
  • Dry mouth.
  • Headache.
  • Insomnia.

UFC ( Ultimate Fighting Championship ).

In December 2013, the UFC began a campaign to drug test their entire roster randomly all year-round. Random testing, however, became problematic for the promotion as it began to affect revenue, as fighters who had tested positive would need to be taken out of fights, which adversely affected fight cards, and therefore pay-per-view sales.

According to Steven Marrocco of MMAjunkie.com, about 31% of UFC fighters subjected to random testing since the program first started have failed due to using performance-enhancing drugs. That is approximately five failed tests for every sixteen random screenings.

From July 2015, the UFC has advocated to all commissions that every fighter be tested in competition for every card. Lorenzo Feritta, who at the time was one of the presidents of the UFC, said, “We want 100 percent of the fighters tested the night they compete”. Also, in addition to the drug testing protocols in place for competitors on fight night, the UFC conducts additional testing for main event fighters or any fighters that are due to compete in championship matches.

Link

Communication skills

Good communication is very important to convey what is there in the mind. Whatever language, communicating in a understandable way is very important. communication today is very important both in the business world and in private life.

Even though the person is good at skills and is capable of doing things better, lack of communication degrades the skills and brings a negative mark on the person which is a bad thing for the individual.

Top 5 communication skills and How to improve them

Developing strong communication skills is essential when it comes to building a successful careee. Communication skills play a key role in your private life too. These 5 skills are absolutely necessary for sucessful commuincation in the workplace or private life.

1. Listening :

Listening is one of the most important aspects of communication. Successful listening is not just and understanding of spoken or written information, but also an understanding of how the speaker feels during communication. If a speaker can see and feel that someone is listening and understanding that can help build a stronger, deeper realtionship between interlocutors.

Careful listening can also create an environment in which everyone feels safe to express ideas, opinions and feelings, or plan and solve problems in a creative way.

2. Straight talking :

Conversation is the basis of communication, and one must not neglect its importanc. Even a simple, friendly conversation with colleafues can build mutual trust and even detect problems before they become serious. A healthy does of chatting with and unknown person can lead to a business opportunity . Be accessible and friendly because then you will be able to talk to almost anymore.

3. Non- verbal communication :

When we talk about things that matter to us then we send a lot of nonverbal messages. Non verbal signals are wordless communication, body position, facial experssion, hand movements, gestures, eye contact, attitude and tone of your voice, muscle tension and the way you breathe. The way you look, listen create, react, gesture , speaks far more about feelings than words will ever be able to.

4. Stress Management :

In small quantities, stress can be very useful and encouraging for work . However, when the stress becomes constant and completely begins to take effect, it can affect communication, clarity of opinion and appropriate behavior and action. When you are under stress you may misunderstand other people, send confusing nonverbal signals, and use funny patterns of behavior.

5. Emotion control :

In communication, feelings play an important role. Making decisions more often affects the way you feel than the way you think. Gudided by emotions, your nonverbal behavior affects the understanding of other people and how others understand and perceive you. Control of emotions provides you with tools to understand others, yourself and the messages you send. Though recognizing feelings makes it simple, many people have strong feeling like anger, sorrow, or fear being pushed under the carpet.

Importance of communication :

Communication thus helps understand people better removing misunderstanding and creating clarity of thoughts and expression. The communication brings people together, closer to each other. The communication is an important management function closely associated with all other managerial functions.

Everybody has their own way of communicating. It is influenced by cultural background, the way someone was raised, their gender, their temperament, and much more. At that point true communication may become utterly impossible. Sometimes we may have a difficult time understanding anothers feelings , needs and habits.

* communication serves four major functions with a group of organization :

* control

* Motivational

* Emotional expression

* Information

* communication serves five major purposes :

* to inform

* to express feelings

* to imagine

* to influence and

* to meet social expectations

For example:

For instance, if an individual is going to an interview with great confidence. An individual who is good at different kinds of skills, and also good at executing them and he is lack of communication skills. As the person is not a good communicator, the person faces difficulty in explaining the things to the other person which is known to him. Instantly, this brings a bad impression on the person and a negative mark will be marked on him. The negative mark has a lot to do with. The negative mark can also lead to the rejection of the person in the interview.

Being knowledgeable is very important to achieve certain goals in life, attaining good communication skills and being a good communicator is also equally important to achieve high in the life. Being a good communicator is not A big deal. It is so easy as the lifestyle. Any individual can be good communicator if he communicates all the time with other people in the possible way.

Education in the present

Education is very important in every individual’s life as it is very important for the living. The person who is educated will be well treated by the society and will you have good potential wherever he or she goes. Education as the extra energy to the individual’s life and a moles the individuals character into a good one. It is very important to be educated as the competition in the world is comparatively very high.

Online classes are the greatest and the biggest task to all the students. It is so difficult for all the students to understand the topics in a detailed manner. Even though the students try their level best to understand the topics during the online class, it is only the 50% of learning but the topics are not understood properly but the students and face lots of difficulties.

It is also equal difficult to conduct exams to all mine because it’s exams are connected through online then there is a chance formal practices. Basically, students commit malpractices during exams in a view to get good marks but not about the knowledge. So,many of the students commit malpractices.

Ways to improve the education system

* skill – based learning :

As of now , the education system is such that everyone is forced to study science and math. If this system can be revamped to identify the strengths of a student, then they can be given appropriate training in the chosen field. This will ensure that the child shines in that particular field.

* Rural Education :

As the sad thing about the Indian education system is the fact that its focus is only on urban clusters. There are hardly any decent centres of learning in the rural areas. This is especially true in terms of higher education. If a country has to actually develop, urban and rural development have to go hand in hand.

* Gender Neutral Education :

The education system has always favoured men over the fairer sex. The major change that must be brought about is to involve women in the same. Particularly subjects that are now considered to be the strength of men alone ( like carpentry, engineering, etc). Should be made more accessible to women. Pioneer women in these fileds should be given due encouragement and appreciation.

* Teacher Training :

India has a very good quality of dedicated teachers. However, the sad fact here is the fact that after they join this service, they receive little or no training. In such a situation, giving them periodic training will not just ensure that they are updated with the changing times, but will also improve the entire education scene of the country by leaps and bounds.

* Infrastructure :

As in every other sector, the indian education sector is one that suffers from the acute death of infrastructure. Most of the government schools do not even have proper chairs, tables, restrooms, let alone a playground, libraries and laboratories. Thus ,the first step in revamping the education scene in the country should begin with improving the infrastructure so that the students are given an evironment where they can learn to the best of their abilities.

* subsidising professional courses :

It is a sad reality that many meritorious students are not able to afford professional corses because of the sheer expense involved in the same. This is all the way truer in case of students from the general category who do not have access to many scholarships. In such a situation subsidising the cost professional education will ensure that the same is within the reach of deserving students from the lower and lower middle class strata of the Indian society.

* Basic computing In Rural Areas :

On one hand , India is a land of IT giants; on the other, rural India is completely digitally ill- equipped, in a sitiation like this, the first change that the education system must bring forward is to start free computing classes for skill development in rural areas. Only then will rural Indian move in the same pace as that of the urban Digital India and the country embark on the journey of development.

* Make sports compulsory :

One of the main reasons for the alarming rise in suicide amongst students in the country is the fact that they cannot handle stress. That in turn is because they are subjected to too much mental pressure. By making sports compusory it can be ensured that all the students indulge in some sort of some physical activity. This will lead to their mind performance better and enable them to grasp their theory lessons well.

* Educate parents :

Most of the times it is seen that the children’s woes centre atound that of their parents. In the Indian scenerio, parents are the ones who force their wards into a career they do not like. As a result students do not excel and upon failing to meet their parents expectations, they suffer from a number of mental health issues. To prevent such a thing from happening, the first step that must be taken is to educate the parents about the different carrer options that are available to the students and the possible scope of future in them.

* Remove The Reservation system :

The reservation system in India has been so obsessed with providing the best of opportunities to the reserved that it misses out on many opportunities for the ones who actually deserve the same. This results in not just personal loss for certain people but also brain drain for the entire country and fosters a massive loss to the nation’s economy.

Today’s education system may be good to score marks, but fails to retain the knowledge once students have completed their examinations. This leads to young minds being stifled at an age when they should be asking questions, learning and gaining knowledge, and developing a thirst for more knowledge.

Water

Water is the basic needs of the individual for the Survival. Some of the things like oxygen, water, food are very essential for the individual to live. After the oxygen, water is very much important for the individual survival and for the whole environment as well. Water is used in the daily basis for many of the activities like drinking, cleaning, watering, and also for some of the electric purposes etc.

There are plenty of water in the seas but there is no use of them. Because, all the seawater are salty and not food for drinking purpose. They can be made for drinking by some of the beautification methods which takes lots of processes and also the time. Scarcity of the water is not only the India’s problem but also the global problem.

If the wasteage of water is continued in the same way, there will be a day where no water can be found for drinking purposes and for some of the utility purposes. Most of the people waste water without any need. Using water for the purposes are all good but Wasting the water without any reason is a bad habit that an individual must not develop. It is very easy to waste water rather than saving the drop.

The main sources of water are surface water, ground water and rain water.

Importance of water :

Water is very important to the human body. Every one of your cells,organs and tissues use water to help with temperature regulation, keeping hydrated and maintaining bodily functions. In addition, water acts as a lubricant and cushions your joints. Driniking water is great for your overall health. Because your body loses water through breathing, sweating, and digestion, it’s important to rehydrate by drinking fluids and eating foods that contain water.

Water delivers important nutrients to all of our cells,especially muscle cells, postponing muscle fatigue. Water helps weight loss. Water helps you feel full longer,without adding any additional calories.

Benefits of Drinking water :

* Increases Energy & Relieves Fatigue. Since your brain is mostly water, drinking it helps you think, focus and concentrate better and be more alert.

* promotes weight loss.

* Flushes out Toxins.

* Improves skin complexion

* Maintains Regularity.

Best source of water :

1. Watermelon – water content : 92%

2. Strawberries – water content : 91%

3.cantaloupe – water content : 90%

4.peaches – water content : 89%

5.oranges – water content : 88%

6. Skim Milk – water content : 91%

7. Cucumber – water content : 95%

8. Lettuce – water content : 96%

9. Broths and soups – water content : 92%

10. Zucchini – water content : 94%

11. Celery – water content : 95%

12. Plain yogurt – water content: 88%

13. Tomatoes – water content : 94%

14. Bell peppers – water content : 92%

15.cauliflower – water content : 92%

16. Cabbage – water content : 92%

17. Grape fruit – water content : 88%

18. Coconut water- water content : 95%

19. Cottage cheese – water content: 80%

Disadvantages of water :

It is said that too much consumption of water can lead to fluid overload in the body and imbalance in the body. Excess water can lead it lower sodium levels in the body, which may further lead to nause, vomthing, cramps, fatigue. This condition is known as hyponatremia.

The best method to save water is to use in limited amounts. That is, to limit the water without wasting much water.