Marketing Mix

In every business it is important to have an efficient marketing plan or strategy to promote their product, to engage more customers or to understand consumer behaviour, to upgrade their pricing strategy. For this in 1960s, an academic and marketer E. Jerome McCarthy proposed the idea of ‘marketing mix’.

Marketing mix is basically a mixture of 4Ps to enhance business model with Price, Product, Place and Promotion. These 4Ps can be used as marketing tools by any business for achieving their market goals and targets.

Components of Marketing Mix

Product

Product means anything which is for sale any physical product or any service rendered to customer. Product should the meet expectations and demand of customers in the market.Some of the marketing decision which every seller should think of such as branding, packaging, product range, product design, packaging and labelling, guarantees and warranties.

2. Place

In marketing mix, place refers that where seller choose to sell his product whether it is warehouse, street market, online platforms, supermarkets, etc. It depends upon the nature of the product i.e. if product is perishable, shops are preferable to sell that product and if product is non-perishable both shops and online platforms are suitable.Marketing decisions related to place includes: market coverage, inventory, transportation, location, distributors, warehousing and franchising.

3. Price

Price is the main aspect for the business and customer. Each and every customer gets affected from price of the product which consumer is selling. Price reflects the cost or value of the product. Seller should set the price as per the demand of customer and the actual cost of the product. Accurate price can change the customer’s preference form one product to another. Other important aspect of pricing is what price has been set by your competitors? This can help any business in setting their pricing strategy. Pricing strategy can make profits for the business or can cause loss to the business if it is not accurate.Price market decisions includes: payment method (card or cash), credit payment, pricing strategy, allowances for distributors and discounts for customers.

4. Promotion

Promotion means to tell or convey about the product to customers through advertising, marketing and sales promotion. It can be through offline mode such as T.V. magazines, newspapers, radio etc. and online mode like websites, ads on social media, etc. It depends upon the seller of the product which way or method he chooses to communicate about his product to customers and according to response from his customers, he should continue with that particular promotion method.Marketing decisions for promotion involves: advertising, sales promotion, public relation, direct marketing, what and how to communicate to customers.

In 1980s Booms and Bitner proposed a model of marketing mix which consist of 7Ps, generally he added 3 more Ps to marketing mix i.e. Process, People and Physical Evidence which is beneficial for Service Marketing.

5. Process

Process describes the chain of delivering the goods or services to the customer. Process examination involves the evaluation of each and every step like procedure of distribution, payment system and relationships with customer. Evaluating, modifying and improving different steps of process will help business to maintain their efforts and to check that methods are new and as per recent trend. Process related marketing decisions involves: blueprint service, process design, checking system failures, monitoring service performance, allocation of resources required.

6. People

In marketing mix, ‘people’ refer to those who all are involved in the process of delivering of goods; managing the process; handle customer relationship, etc. Employees, staff, workers or labour all are included in ‘people’, basically all those who are a part of business. For any business it is necessary to employ right people to manage all the business related process. Marketing decisions related to people includes: staff recruitment and training, attending customers, handling complaints and failures, handling social interactions.

7. Physical Evidence

Physical evidence means evidence of the product which has been purchased by the customer. It can be receipt, brochures, tracking information, invoices, etc. It is beneficial for both customer and seller to have a record or any document of transaction. It also relates to validation of the product, authenticity of the product check by the customer through their websites, logo etc. Here, marketing decisions includes: interior design like furniture and scheme, facilities like equipment access, brochures, stationery, surrounding conditions, and signage.

References:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marketing_mix

https://blog.hurree.co/blog/marketing-mix-7ps

Meteors Vs Meteoroids Vs Meteorites

Meteors, Meteor showers, Meteoroids and Meteorites, sounds very confusing right? They all sound similar but have different meanings. A meteoroid is a small rocky or metallic body in outer space. Most are pieces of other, larger bodies that have been broken or blasted off. Some come from comets, others from asteroids, and some even come from the Moon and other planets.When meteoroids enter Earth’s atmosphere, or that of another planet at high speed and burn up, they’re called meteors. This is also when we refer to them as “shooting stars.” Sometimes meteors can even appear brighter than Venus — that’s when we call them “fireballs.” When a meteoroid survives its trip through the atmosphere and hits the ground, it’s called a meteorite. I hope you are clear with the difference now. To know further about them, and the type of meteor showers, read ahead.

Meteoroid

In 1961, the International Astronomical Union (IAU) defined a meteoroid as “a solid object moving in interplanetary space, of a size considerably smaller than an asteroid and considerably larger than an atom”. Meteoroids are significantly smaller than asteroids, and range in size from small grains to one-meter-wide objects.Objects smaller than this are classified as micrometeoroids or space dust. Most are fragments from comets or asteroids, whereas others are collision impact debris ejected from bodies such as the Moon or Mars.

Almost all meteoroids contain extraterrestrial nickel and iron. They have three main classifications: iron, stone, and stony-iron. Some stone meteoroids contain grain-like inclusions known as chondrules and are called chondrites. Stony meteoroids without these features are called “achondrites”, which are typically formed from extraterrestrial igneous activity; they contain little or no extraterrestrial iron.

Meteor

A meteor, known colloquially as a shooting star or falling star, is the visible passage of a glowing meteoroid, micrometeoroid, comet or asteroid through Earth’s atmosphere, after being heated to incandescence by collisions with air molecules in the upper atmosphere, creating a streak of light via its rapid motion and sometimes also by shedding glowing material in its wake. Although a meteor may seem to be a few thousand feet from the Earth, meteors typically occur in the mesosphere at altitudes from 76 to 100 km (250,000 to 330,000 ft). Millions of meteors occur in Earth’s atmosphere daily. Most meteoroids that cause meteors are about the size of a grain of sand.

A fireball is a brighter-than-usual meteor that also becomes visible when about 100 km from sea level. The International Astronomical Union (IAU) defines a fireball as “a meteor brighter than any of the planets” (apparent magnitude −4 or greater).

Meteor Shower

A series of many meteors appearing seconds or minutes apart and appearing to originate from the same fixed point in the sky is called a meteor shower. A meteor shower is the result of an interaction between a planet, such as Earth, and streams of debris from a comet or other source. The passage of Earth through cosmic debris from comets and other sources is a recurring event in many cases.

Meteor showers throughout the year:
January: Quadrantids
April: Lyrids
May: Eta Aquarids
June: Arietids and Bootids
July: Southern Delta Aquarids
August: Perseids
October: Orionids
November: Leonids
December: Geminids
Each of these, except the Geminids, is caused by Earth moving through a stream of comet debris. The Geminids come from a stream of debris from the Asteroid 3200 Phaethon, which is probably a dead comet.

Meteorite

A meteorite is a portion of a meteoroid or asteroid that survives its passage through the atmosphere and hits the ground without being destroyed. Meteorites are sometimes, but not always, found in association with hypervelocity impact craters; during energetic collisions, the entire impactor may be vaporized, leaving no meteorites. Geologists use the term, “bolide”, in a different sense from astronomers to indicate a very large impactor. Meteorites can be very useful in studying the history of the Solar System to other planets.

https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/asteroids-comets-and-meteors/meteors-and-meteorites/in-depth/ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteoroid

Schizophrenia . A Mental Disorder not A Character Flaw .

“What about the world of a schizophrenic? Maybe it’s as real as our world. Maybe we cannot say that we are in touch with reality and he is not, but should instead say, His reality is so different from ours that he can’t explain his to us, and we can’t explain ours to him. The problem, then, is that if subjective worlds are experienced too differently, there occurs a breakdown in communication … and there is the real illness.”

When, Philip K. Dick questioned about the reality we live , didn’t it remind you of Francesca Zappia the author of Made You Up quoting ,

“Sometimes I think people take reality for granted.”

And then there are people who have no luxury to take reality for granted because their reality may not really be real .
It may be hallucinations or delusions or just random voices in the head or all of them together which is notably entitled as
Schizophrenia .

Schizophrenia is a long-term mental disorder .
Schizophrenia has its origin from Greek word :- skhizein ‘to split’ + phrēn ‘mind’.
Due to its origin ,Schizophrenia is among the most misunderstood of mental health disorders.
The etymology of the word schizophrenia has led many to confuse it with multiple personality disorder ( Dissociative Identity Disorder).

The term “schizophrenia” was first used in 1911 by a Swiss psychiatrist, Eugen Bleuler. He used this term to emphasize the mental confusion and random thinking characteristic of people with a disorder . But people confused the actual meaning with split or multiple personality confusion which has become an ingrained myth regarding schizophrenia that continues to this day.

So what is really Schizophrenia ?

Schizophrenia is a chronic and severe mental disorder . People with schizophrenia may be said to have lost touch with reality leading to unsound perceptions and actions , fantasies and delusions .

Schizophrenia is a mental disorder that affects how a person acts, thinks, and feels. It can keep one from seeing the world in a normal way , making their own reality different from us .
People with schizophrenia have difficulty in distinguishing reality from fantasies .

Schizophrenia affects men and women equally. Schizophrenia can occur at any age , the most common age to be diagnosed with schizophrenia is late teen to early 20s for men and late 20s to early 30s for women .

Some people with schizophrenia are dishevelled and disorganized n
That doesn’t mean a person with schizophrenia can’t live a normal life .

“I have schizophrenia. I am not schizophrenic. I am not my mental ill. My illness is a part of me.”

– Jonathan Harnisch, (Novelist, artist, filmmaker )

There are people who have actually lived with schizophrenia and have managed to lead highly productive and satisfying lives.

People like :-

John Nash Jr. ,
one of the world’s most brilliant mathematicians. The Nobel Prize winner Economics suffered from paranoia, delusions, and other symptoms of schizophrenia.

Eduard Einstein ,

The youngest child of Albert Einstein was studying medicine when he was diagnosed with schizophrenia at age 20.

Vincent van Gogh,
the Dutch post-impressionist painter who posthumously became one of the most famous and influential figures in the history of Western art, suffered from several
common symptom of schizophrenia like
Hallucinations, including hearing voices .

Contrary to other people’s opinion , people with schizophrenia have no split or multiple personalities and most pose no danger to others .
It is possible to live well with schizophrenia.

Symptoms :-

People diagnosed with schizophrenia are characterized by episodes in which the person is unable to distinguish between real and unreal experiences.

The symptoms fall in three categories :-

1: Positive symptoms: these symptoms are those that are abnormally present . They can be mild or severe depending on its nature.
They include

• Hallucinations ( hearing different multiple voices which may be critical and threatening ,
hallucinations can affect all the senses like for instance, for example, a person may also see, feel, taste, or smell things that are not really there.)

•Delusions ( experiencing delusions may believe that something is true when there is no strong evidence for it to be unrealistic , paranoid , confused thoughts , false beliefs )

• Thought disorder ( dysfunctional thoughts making it difficult to put cohesive thoughts together or make sense of speech )

• Movement disorder ( clumsiness , unusual mannerisms , repetitive actions , motionless rigidity )

2: Negative symptoms: These symptoms are those that are abnormally absent in most of the patients . These symptoms disrupt a person’s normal ability .

These includes :-

• A loss or a decrease in the ability to initiate plans
• Finding no pleasure in living .
• Disorganized symptoms.
• lack of facial expression
• lack of emotional expression
• lack of motivation
• difficulty concentrating
• Neglecting everyday activities, including self-care.
• Withdrawal from social life ( possibly through fear that somebody is going to harm them.)

3: Cognition symptoms :-. These symptoms are another area of functioning that is affected in schizophrenia leading to problems with attention, concentration and memory, and to declining educational performance.
Patients with cognitive symptoms find it hard to lead a normal life .

These includes :-

• Anosognosia ( a lack of ability to perceive the realities of one’s own condition. It’s a person’s inability to accept that they have a condition that matches up with their symptoms or a formal diagnosis)

• Trouble in paying attention or focusing .

• Problem with working memory ( difficulty understanding and using information.)

Severe psychotic symptoms often decreases as the person becomes older
Like any illness, the severity, duration and frequency of symptoms vary from person not person however, in persons with schizophrenia.

Schizophrenia is a lifelong condition, but treatment can help manage the symptoms.

Types of schizophrenia

There are several types of schizophrenia.

Paranoid schizophrenia :-

This is the most common type of schizophrenia. Symptoms include hallucinations and/or delusions, but your speech and emotions may not be affected.

Hebephrenic schizophrenia :-

Also known as ‘disorganised schizophrenia’, Symptoms include disorganised behaviours and thoughts, alongside short-lasting delusions and hallucinations.

Catatonic schizophrenia :-

This is the rarest schizophrenia diagnosis, characterised by unusual, limited and sudden movements. The patient may often switch between being very active or very still. They may not talk much, and you may mimic others’ speech and movement.

Undifferentiated schizophrenia :-

This type of schizophrenia may have some signs of paranoid, hebephrenic or catatonic schizophrenia, but it doesn’t obviously fit into one of these types alone.

Residual schizophrenia :-

You may be diagnosed with residual schizophrenia if you have a history of psychosis, but only experience the negative symptoms (such as slow movement, poor memory, lack of concentration and poor hygiene).

Simple schizophrenia :-

This includes both positive and negative symptoms .
Symptoms such as slow movement, poor memory, lack of concentration and poor hygiene are most prominent early and worsen, while positive symptoms such as hallucinations, delusions, disorganised thinking are rarely experienced.

Cenesthopathic schizophrenia :-

People with cenesthopathic schizophrenia experience unusual bodily sensations.

Treatment :-

“ There’s a tremendous need to implode the myths of mental illness, to put a face on it, to show people that a diagnosis does not have to lead to a painful and oblique life… We who struggle with these disorders can lead full, happy, productive lives, if we have the right resources.”
– Elyn R. Saks

As the cause of schizophrenia is unknown there is no cure . So a doctor’s treatment includes medications that can ease symptoms and prevent them from coming back.

Such treatments include :-

Antipsychotics:

These medications tame Psychosis ( delusions , hallucinations , etc.)
The medications doctors prescribe most often for schizophrenia are called antipsychotics.
This medication is taken as pills or liquid form . Some antipsychotics included injections given once or twice a month .
These drugs work on chemicals in the brain such as dopamine and serotonin.

Schizophrenia patients are most likely to have to take schizophrenia medication their entire life .

Psychosocial Treatment :-

The term psychosocial refers to an individual’s psychological development in and interaction with their social environment. Psychosocial treatments (interventions) include structured counseling, motivational enhancement, case management, care-coordination, psychotherapy and relapse prevention.

Coordinate Speciality care :-

“There are a number of things that family and friends can do to help a person with schizophrenia. One of the simplest and most effective is to create a positive environment around the person.”
– Milt Greek (Mental health advocate and author of Schizophrenia: A Blueprint for Recovery)

Creating a positive environment and showing support can make schizophrenia patients believe in the reality we live in rather than the reality they think is real .

Coordinate Speciality care includes model integrated medications and psychotherapist , family support , education and employment support etc.

Recovery After an Initial Schizophrenia Episode (RAISE) project.
The goal of RAISE was, and is, to help decrease the likelihood of future episodes of psychosis, reduce long-term disability, and help people to get their lives back on track so they can pursue their goals.

Schizophrenia can make it hard to stick to a medication plan. One needs a strong support system to continue the medication.

Medication for schizophrenia can improve symptoms and sometimes help keep them from coming back.

Therapy can help people living with schizophrenia learn to recognize signs of an episode and explore strategies to manage symptoms and the distress they cause.

One must support in positive, supportive ways without making the patient feel criticized or helpless.

Schizophrenia is NOT A Character Flaw

Just like any other mental disorder schizophrenia is not a choice nor it is a character flaw , it’s a disease which needs to be treated .

People with schizophrenia have no luxury of taking reality for granted .
But that doesn’t stop them from living in a reality which is different from ours .
Their multiple voices doesn’t make them psycho or split personalities , those voices are voices of the subconscious that’s much more superficial than others .

“I thought of the voices as… something a little different from aliens. I thought of them more like angels … It’s really my subconscious talking, it was really that… I know that now.”
– John Forbes Nash, Jr. (Nobel Prize winning mathematician )

The stigmatisation that often accompanies mental illness can be cruelest .

This stigma unfairly causes people to feel ashamed for something that is out of their control and prevents many from seeking the help they need.

This stigmatization is due to the misconceptions or myth that mental illnesses are usually the cause of laziness or personal behaviour , a weakness that can be controlled on its own .

In reality a mental illness is not a character flaw. It is an illness that has nothing to do with being weak or lacking willpower.

Seeking appropriate help is a sign of strength, not weakness. Mental illness should not be treated as a problem rather it should be accepted as part of self that needs little more care and self love .

Since there’s no cure of schizophrenia ,it seems a lot more scary .

But as Elyn R. Saks said ,

” My good fortune is not that I’ve recovered from mental illness. I have not, nor will I ever. My good fortune lies in having found my life.”

A person with schizophrenia is not schizophrenic. He is not his mental illness rather it is a part of him . They are not different than us they just think differently .

Mental illness is not contagious . Hence being kind towards people diagnosis from any kind mental illness can’t hurt us . Support and spread awareness . Make them feel their worth which is much more than their illness .

UNEMPLOYMENT.

The COVID-19 pandemic has triggered one of the most jobs crisis. The impact of this real danger that the crisis will increase poverty and widening inequalities. Countries now need to do everything they can to stop this job crisis from Turing into social crisis. A numerous people have lost their jobs especially women. The unemployment rate in the National Capital increased bu 17% with about 83%. Women respondents choosing to permanently opt stop workforce.

As per the centre of monitoring Indian Economy between mid 2016-2020 the female labour participation rate that is the percentage of women working out will fall from 16.4% to about 11% as per now it has been estimated that this numerical might be pushed down to 9%. The date stated that only about 10.7% of total workforce in 2019-2020 was in favour if women and about 13.9% of jobs losers will be a witness in India. The overall unemployment rate for Aug 2020 was 8.35% and will drop to less than 7% in the following months and it shall rather increase to 9.06%. The unemployment rate would be an underestimate as the denominator is not stable. India’s unemployment rate of 24% dispite the 77% literacy rate through the figure are discouraging the creativity and various fields the year brought to be forefront cannot be ignored more younger workers freshers and women but jobs with individuals moving into increasingly serve self employment in agriculture, construction and small scale trade.

Overall 54.3% workforce were affected by covid lockdown. Approximately 30% lost jobs and were then able to return to employment ,at least in terms of employment status if not tupe of work or income experience differ by age, gender, industry of employment. Around 59% of workers aged 15-24 years lost jobs or employment either during the lockdown when we compare to 40% and 35% of 25-34 years and 55-44 years respectively are affected less in numbers, having lost employment older workers were 4 times more likely to job the work. The freshers with less and no experience are in general cheaper to get hired or placed in an organization.

Consequently about 9 out of 10 older workers back place in the workforce but when compared with no experience or freshers about 5 out of 10 younger workers were in workplace. The pandemic led digital shift created a massive demand gir skilled professionals in domains like business analytics, data science, machine learning, cyber security, e-commerce, ed-tech and logistics hiring fresh and top rated tech talents for roles in emerging technologies as the demand for these programs in emerging tech.

we believe taht the top skills that will continue to be in demand next upcoming years.

AFRA MUHAMMAD

In kannur, kerala afra and his brother muhammed who are being treated for a rare disease, they receive a huge amount for their son’s treatment. Muhammed is a 1year old boy afra was disappointed about the treatment of his brother because for this treatment need 18 crore. Helped raise funds on social media.if one year old boy from kannur wants to come back to life,he can only get the most expensive medicine in the world.

18 crore medicine? What is the medicine for spinal muscular atrophy…

afra has the same situation. Afra,who has been confined to wheelchair for fourteen years. Experts say giving muhammed a dose of solzhensma before the age of two would cure the disease.the family explains that they do not even has 18 crore together..

Few minutes ago in their bank account 18 cr credited with help of all kindness.their family thanking to the all over the world who pray and help for them.

In this world we can confirmed one thing humanity exist from world……

Dree Festival

Today that is ,on 5th July 2021 , Arunachal Pradesh is celebrating three day festival called Dree. It is said to be most auspicious festival of Apatani tribe ( of the tribe that resided in Arunachal Pradesh). Dree is celebrated in order to bring a bountiful harvest season, hence Apatani offers prayers to four Gods they follow — Tamu, Harmiang, Metti and Danyi. This three day long festival is joyously celebrated with traditional clothes worn by women and children.

The reason behind the celebration of Dree is just as sacred as the festival itself. It is believed that two person i.e. Aane Donw and Abba Lwba when first set for the journey of cultivation they had to face many challenges and hurdles. Not only they had difficulty in finding the right seed, they also had to fight a Demon called Pyokun Pembo Pyoyi Tadu . This demon was eliminated with great efforts but their struggle was far from over. From the stomach of demon emerged swarms of insects and pest and rice birds. They attacked the crops in the field which led to poor harvest and subsequent hunger and famine. It was in order to alleviate the impending hunger and famine that a series of rituals were observed in the month of Dree

Thus this festival is celebrated to have good harvest. It is celebrated with such enthusiasm and exuberance that whoever visits Ziro ( place in Lower Subansiri district , where most Apatani Tribe resides) at this time could feel the radiance of happiness and joy. Throughout this festival games and sports are actively partaken that make the festival more interesting and entertaining.

ATLANTIC HURRICANE SEASON – HURRICANE ELSA

ATLANTIC HURRAICANE SEASON , is part of the annual tropical cyclone season that happens in the northen hemisphere.

Start date: June 1, 2021.

End date: November 30, 2021.

Every year, the NATONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHEREIC ADMINISTRATION releases a predetermined list of 21 names that will be assigned to major storm.

The 21 names issued by NOAA are:
Ana, Henri, Odette, Bill, Ida, Peter, Claudette, Julia, Rose, Danny, Kat, Sam, Elsa, Larry, Teresa, Fred, Mindy, Victor, Grace, Nicholas, Wanda.

Among that HURRICANE ELSA, takes the fifth place on the list of names. Of the previous four storms, only Tropical Storm Claudette caused severe damage to the environment and also killed at least 14 people in Alabama, US. Particularly, this season would create more impact than usual as per NOAA.

HURRICANE ELSA: Talking about ELSA, was first monitored by NATIONAL HURRICANE CENTER (NHC) on 29th June and on the next day is was defined as potential tropical cyclone. It was an active tropical cyclone affecting parts of Caribbean and Southeastern United States. Initially it was defined low-level circulation, then cyclone was upgraded into a tropical depression by 03:00 UTC on July 1.By 09:00 UTC the depression intensified to tropical storm after which NHC assigned its name ELSA . It also surpassed the record held by TROPICAL STROM EDOUARD that occurred previous year. It also became a tropical storm further east in the Main Development Region (MDR) than any other tropical cyclone so early in the calendar year on record, leaving behind only the 1933 TRINIDAD HURRICANE. It strengthened overnight and accelerated westward and at 10:45 UTC on July 2 and based on surface observation from BARBADOS , the NHC upgraded ELSA to a CATEGORY 1 HURRICANE. Around this time ELSA was moving at a speed of 49 km/h and also recorded the fastest moving tropical cyclone under rapid intensification and was also found to be the first storm to undergo rapid intensification in that part of the Atlantic that early in the calendar since another storm in year 1908. By 15:00 UTC on July 3, ELSA weakened back into a tropical storm, because of the northeasterly wind shear, which was partially due to the storm’s rapid forward motion which was more or less 48 km/h. By the next day ELSA’S forward motion significantly slowed down to 22 km/h as the storm’s center relocated to the east under the region with the strongest convection, while passing just north of Jamaica. Then on July 5, Elsa underwent strong burst overnight and began strengthening again.

IMPACTS:

UNITED STATES: On 2nd June, Florida governor Ron DeSantis declared “state of emergency” for 15 country within the state. He futher expressed that the high winds from ELSA could cause several structural damage and also arranged rescue teams.

BARBADOS: Sustained winds of 119 km/h were recorded on Barbados. It damaged the southern part of the island with power cut, along with downed trees, floods and roof tops being ripped off, Barbados Minister Abrahams reported. Initially there were no injuries or deaths but later more than 1,100 homes including 62 homes were completely damaged. The entirety of the island lost electricity with 24 electricity poles being knocked down and trees being uprooted as Elsa passed to the south. All flights from Grantley Adams International Airport the were suspended on July 3, due to structural damage and power outrages.

SAINT LUCIA AND SAINT VINCENT: In Saint Lucia, power outrages occurred as tress and branches fell off on the power lines. About 90 percent loss electricity at some or the other point. In Saint Vincent, many houses were damaged and still they are in the verge of recovering. They loss access to electricity and clean water. They have loss huge revenue on agriculture and livestock.

Apart from these there were several places that’s been affected. In the capital city of Grenada, St. George’s, severe flooding left a road submerged. In the Dominican Republic, strong winds led to toppled walls in houses. In Venezuela, heavy rainfall from Elsa caused flooding in Caracas.

COLOMBIA: Colombia was hit by heavy rainfall and waves of up to three meters on the Caribbean coast. This was about to happen before the storm headed to the Dominican Republic and Haiti.

As of now the tropical storm Elsa neared downfall along CUBA’S BAY OF PIGS on the south central coast by 5th, monday morning bringing winds and heavy rains. Elsa was set to make landfall in the vicinity of the BAY OF PIGS around mid day and exit CUBA overnight.

Don’t fear for Cancer.Fight against it to save your life.

Cancer is a disease in which some of the body’s cells grow uncontrollably and spread to other parts of the body. Cancer can start almost anywhere in the human body, which is made up of trillions of cells.

Cancers are named according to the tissues from which they arise

1)Sarcoma-Malignancy in structural tissues

2)Carcinoma-Epithelial Cancers

3)Lymphoma-Lymphatic tissues

4) Leukemia-White blood cells

Causes for cancer

Majority of the cancers are caused by living habits and some environmental factors

⭐ Tobacco:Nearly 35% of all cancer deaths are due to usage of tobacco in some form.Atleast 90% of lung cancer deaths are due to smoking.Smoking can also affect gastro-intestinal tract,pancreas,genito-urinary tract and upper respiratory passage.Snuff and chewing tobacco can affect mouth and respiratory tracts.Smoke inhaled by non-smokers can also cause lung cancer and blood cancer.

⭐ Exposure to ionising radiations such as x-rays,gamma rays,uv Ray’s can produce cancer.These radiations rupture DNA strands, causing mutations.Solar radiations can cause skin cancers.

⭐Physical irritants,such as continues abrasion of the linings of the intestinal tract by some types of food can also lead to cancer.Dietary substances such as fast,high calorie intake of animal proteins,salted or smoked food can cause cancer in breast,colon, stomach and oesonophages.

⭐ Certain drugs if taken without medical advice can cause cancer.

⭐Viruses and parasite organisms like schistosoma,liverfluke can also affect.

Cancer and death

A severe onset of cancer ends in the death of a person.It is because of the unique characteristics of the cancer cells.The growth of normal cells is controlled by certain factors.However the cancer cells do not require the growth factors.Hence these cells do not respect usual cellular growth limits.Normal cells have a nature of remaining together in tissues.But the cancer cells are less adhesive to each other.Hence they wander through the tissues and enter the blood.They can be transported to all parts of the body and cause new cancer growths.

The cancer cells rapidly multiply.Some cancers also produce angiogenic factors that cause many new blood vessels to grow into the cancer.Thus these cells will drain all the nutrients and normal cells get deprived of food.Ultimately the normal cells and tissues suffer nutritive death.

Management of cancer

⭐ The treatment or management of cancer depends on an accurate diagnosis.Diagnosis is made through microscopic observations,study of markers on the surface of cells,cytochemical methods, cytogenetics and various scanning and X-ray diagnostic methods.

⭐ After diagnosis, treatment of cancer involves surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy and hormonal treatments.

⭐ Surgery is used for initial diagnosis of cancer as well. Sometimes a solid lump or tumor is removed surgically and tissues are examined under the microscope for cancer. This is both a diagnostic and therapeutic use of surgery. Most people with cancer will have some type of surgery. If the cancer has not spread to other organs and tissues, surgery usually helps increase chances of survival to a great extent.

⭐ Chemotherapy:This treatment uses powerful drugs that destroy the cancer cells. Chemotherapy is delivered orally (pills) or through an intravenous (IV) line.

⭐ Radiotherapy:Radiation therapy is a type of cancer treatment that uses high doses of radiation to kill cancer cells and shrink tumors. Learn about the types of radiation, why side effects happen, which ones you might have, and more.

⭐ Targeted therapy:Targeted therapy is a type of cancer treatment that targets the changes in cancer cells that help them grow, divide, and spread. Learn how targeted therapy works against cancer and about common side effects that may occur.

Inspite of all advances in diagnostic and treatment,the death rate due to cancer is greater, Primary prevention of cancer will be a greater alternative to diagnosis and treatment.Consumption of fibrous food and avoidance of fatty food will avoid tumours related to alimentary canal.

Thus it is apparent that fight against cancer will be successful with early detection and appropriate education for avoidance.

Organic Manure

Organic manure usage in agriculture is becoming more and more famous day by day. Organic manure, as the name suggests are the natural nutrients from sources like Human and animal excreta, decomposing vegetable wastes and leftovers of agricultural practices. Plants extract the nutrients from the soil for their growth and organic manure helps in restoring that nutrients by undergoing decomposition easily and getting mixed with the soil perfectly. By restoring the nutrients, manure increases the fertility of the soil. Regular usage of organic manure maintains the level of soil organic matter.

sources of organic manure

Cattle wastes like cow dung and urine, slurry from biogas plant, Human wastes like sewage, sludge can be used in organic manure preparation.
Dry leaves, stubble, sugarcane trash, crop residue and some other agricultural wastes can be used.
oil cakes, vegetable processing wastes wheat straw and bran are agriculture industry byproducts and these are also sources of organic manure.
Slaughterhouse wastes like blood and bone meal are also can be the sources.

methods of preparing manure at your home

POT COMPOSTING CAN BE DONE: Pot composting can be done using wastes from kitchen. Take a container and add some pebbles and soil at the bottom. Take dry wastes like paper and dry leaves and add them. Collect all the wet wastes from kitchen. They may include food leftovers, fruit peels etc. Put them in the container after the dry waste. You can make 3-4 layers like this. Sprinkle water to keep them moist. Keep this arrangement away from rain. Keep on mixing the layer everyday. And keep it moist. After 30-45 days compost will be ready.

THE VERMICOMPOSTIING: Verm compost is the droppings of the earthworm after they consume the organic waste. Take container or you can make a separate large concrete tubs if you want to produce in large quantity. Put first layer of soil and pebble. On that add the organic wastes that are collected. Put handful of worms in the tub. Water is sprayed to them on daily basis to keep everything moist. Earthworms will produce the droppings which can be used as the manure.

USING BOKASHI METHOD: In this method, collect some kitchen waste in an airtight drum and add some Bokashi powder. Bokashi powder is inoculated with microbes which help in decomposition, made of bran based material. After 15 days fungus growth will be seen indicating fermentation has happened. Put this fermented waste in a trench and wait for 3 weeks. Black compost which can be used as manure will be ready.

benifits of using organic manure

Organic manure provides all the nutrients to the soil and maintains its fertility. They also improve soils physical properties like texture and structure and also improve aeration. organic manure increases the water holding capacity of the soil and helps in retaining rain water. Soil pH is also maintained. Organic manure usage increases the microbe population in the soil resulting in increased biological activity. Carbon nitrogen ratio will be well maintained.

Usage of organic manure is economically beneficial also. The production can be extended as a small scale business and it requires less investment. Hence it will be a very profitable business.

COVID-19 ( PANDEMIC).

The first covid-19 outbreak came to existence on Dec 2019 31st in China city Wuhan. Thereby the disease called corona virus was related with group of RNA virus which caused diseases in birds and mammals. In case, of humans and birds they affect the respiratory system which causes the symptoms of common cold, headache, body pain, fever. In case, of mammals they cause diarrhea.

When we look into the nature of virus it belong to Realm Riboviria in the class of pisoniviricetes in the order of Nidovirales rales it belong to the orthocoronaviridae and the to the sub family og orthocoronavirinae. Looking into the structure of the corona virus it ranges from approximately 26 to 32 kilobarer and it is the one of the largest among the virus in RNA. When we look into the history of corona virus infection caused in the domesticated chickens which caused a big draw back in the cells of the new born chicks which was characterized by gasping and listlessness with a very highest mortality rates between 40 to 90%.

Now lets look into the change in the lifestyle of the people by joining with family and creating their old and precious memories come into existence again. The most important features that changed was social distancing, shut downs, self-isolation, face masks and work from home this impact will be felt by years to come by the deadly virus. The corona virus pandemic had made us fear to shake hands and feel safe in social distancing. Other features of pandemic may include adoption of digital tools, focusing on Protein and healthy lifestyle, online shopping and entertainment. When we look into the cause of covid in the Indian Economy it had been created a big and long term impact nu giving a decline or negative flow in various sectors and Gross Domestic Product rates. The entities such has financial markets, manufacturing, agriculture, publication, arts, entertainment, sports, retail, restaurant, event management, import and export, tourism, science and technology, transportation, gambling and betting. And most importantly unemployment rate are increasing to its maximum by affecting the poor and middle class family suffer gor their 1 meal per day.

The Government as come up with various schemes and policies to help all the sources and people’s class to run their day to day life with no any barriers. With the best support from the Government India had been initiated the vaccination process to all the individual which will help to come out of the deadly diseases. The vaccine helps to save lives , save money , eradicate disease, helps in long run and protects others as well.

With all our pray and tears we hope that we will overcome all this unconditional situation and connect with the life that does not make lose any life in the earth and live happily. So let’s get vaccinated.

Women’s safety

Is India a safer place for women’s , A recent survey says in India every 20 min a girl has been raped and even it is considered as a traditional place even though not a safer place for women’s to live and India has been ranked the most dangerous country for the women’s to live

What is the reason behind this ? how can this be rectified ? does Indian Government taking it seriously ?

If we have to understand this situation we have to start from our childhood . we have been never thought that women is just a opposite sex nothing more than that this is one of the reason behind this . Another reason is presence of few women police and there is a tendency that the victims of sexual violence somehow brought it on themselves if they were dressed in modern. In a 1996 survey of judges in India, 68 percent of the respondents said that provocative clothing is an invitation to rape.Perhaps the biggest issue, though, is women’s overall lower status in Indian society. For poor families, the need to pay a marriage dowry can make daughters a burden. India has one of the lowest female-to-male population ratios in the world because of sex-selective abortion and female infanticide. Throughout their lives, sons are fed better than their daughters, are more likely to be sent to school and have brighter career prospects.

Making law’s severe and punishing everyone is not a solution for this situation . People should be educated properly from their childhood. After a 23 year old medical student in Delhi has been brutally raped in bus which turned everyone’s attention towards India . There several things you need to follow to keep yourself safe while returning to home from work or staying alone at home : When possible, avoid walking alone. Walk with someone, or walk in areas where other people are near , Don’t let a stranger inside your home to use the phone; make the call for him ,Never admit that you or a neighbour are home alone .

In the recent past Delhi has been called as the rape capital of India due to numerous rape cases arose in the past . After this India has made the laws very severe and made police to patrol during night time to ensure safety and made several arrangements for the women’s working on a night shift . But expecting our laws to change is foolishness its better no change ourselves

Mental Health among students

What is Mental Health?

Mental health refers to the behavioural and emotional well being. It is all about how people think, feel and behave. Mental health may effect daily life, relationships and physical health. This may also happen the other way. Our daily living, interpersonal relationships and physical health might also cause our mental health to degrade, if not taken proper care. People use the term mental health in order to mean the absence of a mental disorder.

“Mental health is a state of well-being in which an individual realizes his or her own abilities, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively, and is able to make a contribution to his or her community.”
According to the World Health Organisation(WHO)

The WHO stress that mental health is “more than just the absence of mental disorders or disabilities.” Peak mental health is about not only avoiding active conditions but also looking after ongoing wellness and happiness. Taking good care of mental health can restore and preserve a person’s joy and happiness and bring their life back to track. Stress, anxiety, pressure etc. can lead to mental disorders. Doctors say that most of the psychological disorders have physical roots.

Risk factors of mental illness:-

Mental illness can effect people of all age groups, no matter their sex, religion, caste or income. Few factors that may cause mental illness among students are mentioned below:

Ragging – Far from being harmless, induction and fun, ragging can have serious impact on student’s mental health. Nearly 4 out of 100 students pursuing higher education experience ragging.

Financial problems – Many students belong to a not so financially stable background, therefore has to stop studying or take loans to continue. Our society promotes the idea of immediately entering colleges right after schooling and start a career. Unfortunately that creates pressure and causes mental illness.

Pressure to succeed – Constant worry over career choices, chooseing wrong major, ending up in an unsatisfied college, not knowing what to do with the degree and struggle to fit in can pile up on them.

Excessive use of social media – Even social media posts can harm a person’s self esteem nowadays by causing them to compare themselves to others’ seemingly perfect lives.

There are many other reasons for mental health disruption. Above mentioned were a few which causes uneasiness in students mental health.

Common Mental Disorders:-

Anxiety disorders – People with these conditions have severe fear or anxiety, which relates to certain objects or situations. Most people with an anxiety disorder will try to avoid exposure to whatever triggers their anxiety.

Mood disorders – People with these conditions have significant changes in mood, generally involving either mania, which is a period of high energy and elation, or depression.

Schizophrenia disorder – Signs of schizophrenia typically develop between the ages of 16 and 30 years, according to the NIMH. The individual will have thoughts that appear fragmented, and they may also find it hard to process information.

Consequences of neglecting mental illness:-

Physical Health – The mind copes with stress in different ways. Living with a mental illness isn’t easy. It increases the risk of strokes, heart attack and obesity. While mental illness might be in your brain, it affects your entire body.

Quality of Life – Student life is the best to be enjoyed. Mental illness can make it difficult to cope with every day life. Severe depression makes it difficult to get out of bed, let alone get dressed and out of the house to school.

Academic Achievement – Mental health problems can affect a student’s energy level, concentration, dependability, mental ability, and optimism, hindering performance. Depression has also been linked to students dropping out of schools and colleges.

Use of drugs and Social isolation – Poor mental health creates a negative impact on relationships with family and friends. Smoking and consumption of drugs and alcohols helps them isolate further away from the society.

Suicide – Untreated mental illness clouds your judgment, making you believe that there is no way out. This results in self harm or suicide.

Treatment

There are various methods for managing mental health problems. Treatment is highly individual, and what works for one person may not work for another. The society we live in is too narrow minded to accept these issues as a disorder which needs a treatment. One should keep away this mentality and seek treatment at the stage itself. The treatments include:-

Psychotherapy / Talking therapy – his type of treatment takes a psychological approach. The therapist talks to the person suffering and tries to get to the roots and solves the issue.

Medication – Some people take prescribed medications, such as antidepressants, antipsychotics, and anxiolytic drugs.

Self help – Self help should always be along, no matter whatever treatment you seek. The one facing difficulty should try and improve their lifestyle. Such changes might include reducing alcohol intake, sleeping more and eating a balanced diet.

We all know mental health is just as important as one’s physical health. The word mental health is considered a taboo in our society in the eyes of elderly. Many of us never seek help which leads to more serious health issues. The worst thing is that most of the students are suicide baited and bullied so relentlessly they are convinced that e only way to end their misery is to end their lives. At last, I would like to conclude by pointing out that counselling, therapy or seeking out professional help for yourself isn’t bad. It doesn’t signify that you re weak. Schools and colleges should have resident therapist in their campus. A broken bone may heal in 8-10 weeks but if a person is emotionally broken, it can take years to heal.

Dowry Continues To Remain A Menace In Indian Society

Despite the fact that dowry has been banned in India since 1961, a research found that it is still being given on a regular basis, with over 95% of weddings including the exchange of money.

Dowry is correctly represented as a societal evil since it is the practise of paying and accepting articles of worth (such as clothes, jewellery, furniture, cash, and other items) between two households. Typically, the bride’s family is obligated to pay these items to the groom’s family.

The World Bank carried out the study, which examined almost 40,000 marriages that occurred between 1960 and 2008 in 17 Indian states that account for 96% of the nation’s population.

Researchers calculated “net dowry” to study the difference as to what was paid by the bride’s family to the groom’s family and vice versa, and the results revealed that, in the vast majority of instances, it was the bride’s family who paid more compared to the groom’s family, rather than the other way around.

According to the estimated amount confessed by families, a groom’s family spends Rs. 5,000 on presents to the bride’s family on average. The bride’s family, on the other hand, pays about Rs. 32,000 on presents and other monetary contributions to the groom’s family, taking the net dowry to roughly Rs. 27,000.

It has also been noticed that the dowry value is typically 14 percent of the annual income and includes a significant portion of the family’s savings.

While much has started to change since 2008, experts think the tendency of dowry is still highly prominent in India, since the notion is quite widespread in all major religious groups, with Christians and Sikhs exhibiting a “dramatic increase in dowry.”

Dowry inflation was seen in certain states, including Kerala, Haryana, Punjab, and Gujarat, with Kerala having the highest average dowry in recent years. On the other side, average dowry decreased in states such as Orissa, Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra, and West Bengal.

This venom affects people of all castes and socioeconomic classes. Neither the husband’s nor the wife’s educational background protects them from dowry harassment. Currently, dowry-related fatalities in Kerala have been documented, with the majority of victims coming from the upper strata of society. The culprits come from well-educated and wealthy families, and the victims are also well-educated. If this is the situation of women in a culture that was matriarchal a few decades earlier and claims of high social indicators in women empowerment, it’s anybody’s imagination how it will be in many Indian states that have numerous social indicators that are much worse than those of war-torn Syria or Sub-Saharan Africa. According to the NCRB study, Uttar Pradesh and Bihar top the list of dowry-related deaths, accounting for roughly 30 percent.

It is time to reform these retrograde societal standards in 2021. Receiving dowry should be considered a societal shame, and all generations should be taught. Young people should also make a stand. Women should explicitly refuse to pay dowry as part of a marriage , and men should also refuse to accept it in any way. Why should brides’ parents be obliged to give pricey “gifts” that are essentially a dowry by another name?

The wider background for dowry is women’s low labor-force participation and, as a result, their lack of financial independence. Women should be encouraged to work and earn their own money.

Discrimination is present in all parts of life. To combat gender inequality, States should examine gender-disaggregated statistics across the life cycle — birth, early childhood, schooling, nourishment, employment, healthcare access, and so on. Teachers and textbooks shape students’ views and values. Children should be routinely educated on the fundamental ideal of gender equality.

Latin America Cinema

Latin American cinema refers collectively to the film output and film industries of Latin America. Latin American film is both rich and diverse, but the main centres of production have been Argentina, Brazil and Mexico. Latin American cinema flourished after the introduction of sound which added a linguistic barrier to the export of Hollywood film south of the order.

The origins of early filmmaking is generally associated with Salvador Tosacano, Barragan. Mexican movies from the golden era in the 1940s and 1950s are significant examples of Latin American cinema. The film ” Maria Candelaria(1994)” by Emilio Fernandez, won the Cannes Film Festival.

“This history of Latin American cinema in French is the first general history of Latin American cinema.”

The 1950s and 1960s saw a movement towards Third Cinema, led by the Argentina filmmakers. In Brazil, the cinema Novo movement created a particular way of making movies with critical and intellectual screenplays.

In Columbia, the filmmakers led an alternative movement that was to have a lasting influence, founding the Grup de Cali, which they called Caliwood and producing some films as leading exponents of the “New Latin American cinema” of the 1960s and 1970s.

According to PWe’s Global Media Outlook 2019-2023 report, production levels for major film industries in Latin America is seeing an upward trend ever since 2014. In Latin America in general, there has been renewed interest in animation over since the late 2010s.

” Two of Latin America’s biggest animation companies are Mexico’s Anima Estudios and Brazil’s TV Penguin.”

Together with the other animation houses in Latin America, they are bringing forth stories depicting the exotic locations of South America, the indigenous myths and legends, and universal themes that has the potential to have worldwide appeal.

“Contemporary Latin American Cinema investigates the ways in which neoliberal measures of privatization, de-regularization and austerity introduced in Latin America during the 1990s have impacted film production and film narratives. “

“Based on films produced in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Mexico and Peru since 2010, the fourteen case studies illustrate neoliberalism’s effects, from big industries to small national cinemas.”

https://www.palgrave.com/gp/book/9783319770093

https://www.cinematropical.com/new-events/stream-cinema-tropicals-25-best-latin-american-films-of-the-decade

Rakesh Kumar Yadav

Inspiration for Young Optometrists

Dr. Rakesh Kumar Yadav, who was brought up in Nepal, has had every one of the makings of a virtuoso since he was a kid, and he has consistently been attracted to focus on new things. He was an individual from the Apollo Om HSEB school’s cricket crews. Dr. Rakesh Kumar Yadav, then again, was normally attracted to sports as a solid part in secondary school and as a cop since he needed to kill drug and wrongdoing mishandle and appreciate the feeling of achievement that comes from helping other people. In any case, out of the blue, he took a crack at Christian College Bangalore to seek after a four year certification in optometry.

In the underlying days of his school, it was so hard for him to change in Bangalore that he needed to flee from that point. He was unable to try and focus on his investigation. The outcome was he bombed his first semester. That was the point at which he figured he should get back. At that point his educator and companions were with him. Of late he fabricated his self-assurance. He even begun giving time for his energy ie. playing cricket. At long last he was on the roll. He tried sincerely and passed upto fourth semester. Then, at that point he got presumptuous about his examination and begun bunking classes in fifth semester. Because of this, he was confined to give test. It was the most noticeably terrible period of his life. He tried sincerely much more and passed fifth and sixth semester.

He began temporary position in Narayana Netralaya where he drew near with his senior specialists and optometrist. He fostered his expert inclination, reinforce individual person.

Presently he works in Nepal. He runs his own facility.

His battle shows how our presumptuousness belittle us and leads us towards dimness. There is continually morning after the evening. Try sincerely and never let your life be constrained by anybody.

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sources of organic manure

methods of preparing manure at your home

benifits of using organic manure

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