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Representation Of Arrays.

An array is a collection of variables of the same type that are referred to through a common name. An index accesses a specific element in an array. The lowest address corresponds to the first element, and the highest address to the last element. Arrays can have one to several dimensions. The most common array is the string, which is simply an array of characters terminated by a null.
The size and the data type of an array cannot be changed after the declaration. The array’s length is defined when the array is created, and the array’s length is fixed. Therefore, it cannot be changed.
In arrays, each value is an element and these elements are accessed through an index.


Single Dimensional Array:
The single-dimensional array is also known as a one-dimensional array with a group of elements having the same data type and the same name.
single dimension array is :
datatype var_name[size];
Example :

int “a” [3]
where int: data type  
      a: array name      
3: expression

OUTPUT :
Index Data
a[0] 34
a[1] 56
a[2] 4532

Multi Dimensional Array :
The multi-dimensional array is that array in which data is arranged in the form of an array of arrays. The multi-dimensional array can have as many dimensions as required.
So, two-dimensional and three-dimensional arrays are commonly used.
Multi dimension array is :
datatype array_name [a1][a2][a3]…[an];
Example :
int x[10][20]; [or]
x[0][0] :0
x[0][1] :1
x[1][1] :2 [or]
x[0][0][0] :4
x[0][0][1] :5
x[0][1][0] :6
In similar ways, we can create arrays with any number of dimensions. However, the complexity also increases as the number of dimensions increases.

Advantages of arrays:
1) Accessing an element is very easy by using the index number.
2) User wishes to store multiple values of a similar type, then the Array can be used and utilized efficiently.
3) Search process is applied to an array easily.

Disadvantages of Arrays:
1) Insertion and deletion are quite difficult in an array
2) Number of elements to be stored in an array should be known in advance.
3) Allocating more memory than the requirement leads to a wastage of memory space.

Maroju Sanjana


Sentences : Simple, Compound, Complex

Sentence: A set of words that is complete in itself, typically containing a subject and predicate, conveying a statement, question, exclamation, or command, and consisting of a main clause and sometimes one or more subordinate clauses.
these are three types 
1) Simple sentence
2) Compound sentence
3) Complex sentence

Simple Sentence: A Simple sentence has only one Subject and one Predicate. [OR] A Simple sentence has only one Finite Verb. Sentence consists of two parts:   The moon was bright and we could see our way.
1. The moon was bright.
2. We could see our way.
The Co-Ordinating Conjunction “and’ join these two parts. Each part contains a Subject and a Predicate of its own. Thus, each part is what we call a Clause. We further notice that each clause makes good sense by itself and could stand a separate sentence. Therefore, each clause is independent of the other or the same order and is called a Principal or Main Clause.

Compound Sentence: A sentence, such as the second, made up of Principal or Main Clauses, is called a Compound Sentence. [OR] A Compound sentence is one made up of two or more Principal or Main Clauses. Sentence: Night came on and rain fell heavily and we all got very wet.
1.Night came on.
2. Rain fell heavily.
3. We all got very wet.
Such a sentence is also called a Compound sentence.

Complex sentence: A complex sentence consists of one main clause and one more Subordinate Clause. Sentence : They rested when evening came.
1. They rested .
2. When evening came.
Each part contains a Subject and a Predicate of its own and forms part of a large sentence. Each part is, therefore, a Clause. We further notice that the Clause, They rested, makes good sense by itself and could stand by itself as a complete sentence. It is therefore called the Principal or Main Clause. The clause, when evening came, cannot stand by itself and make good sense. It is dependent on the clause they rested . It is therefore called a Dependent or Subordinate Clause. A sentence, such as the fourth, is called a Complex Sentence.

Maroju Sanjana


Russia invated by Napoleon and Grand Army

On 24 June, French Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte, crossed the Neman River, invading Russia from present-day Poland. Eventually this resulted in disaster for the French.

To intimidate Alexander, Napoleon massed his forces in Poland in the spring of 1812, but still the czar resisted. On June 24, Napoleon ordered his Grande Armée, the largest European military force ever assembled to that date, into Russia.



Which all started when Russian army refused to engage with Napoleon’s Grande Armée of all most 500,000 European troops. Though the Grande Armée did not have enough supplies or the distribution networks required for such a long march. However french strategists assumed the Grande Armée would be supplied by wagons, or would be able to gather supplies as they went. Furthermore, Grande Armée also failed to prepare for Russia’s harsh winter. Its troops were not dressed or trained for the kind of weather they faced.



Besides the invasion lasted six months, and the Grande Armée lost more than 300,000 men during the process. On the other side Russia lost more than 200,000 too. This single battle resulted in more than 70,000 casualties in one day. The invasion of Russia effectively halted Napoleon’s march across Europe, and resulted in his first exile, to the Mediterranean island of Elba.

Elements of perfect Headline

The headline is the type of text indicates the nature of the article. the headline purpose is to quickly draw attention of a reader towards the story. It is written by a copy editor, but can also be written by the writer of the article, the page layout designer, or could be by other editors.



Headline is also known as soul of the content or hook of content.
In other word we can say that headline line workout as compass.

Things to keep in mind while writing headline are as follows:


1. Understand the target audience:
While writing a headline we have keep in mind whom we are writing for. we have to know exactly who we are talking to and trying to attract our reader with the help of our headline, so our headline should be effective. We should start headline writing process by keeping in mind who our audience is example for political news we should use diplomatic headline.


2. Show the Benefit of Reading:
While writing headline, we should think about the reader, we should try to put ourselves into their shoes, and should begin writing headlines that could directly connect them with their wants and needs. Should Use our knowledge about the reader to write a headline that gives them a reason to read. Show them how they could benefit by this:
• Solves their problem
• Answers their question
• Makes their life easier
• Leads them to a positive outcome


3. Use the Simple but impressive Language:
The language we choose should naturally impacts the worthiness of your headline. while using words that are bland, uninspiring, or unknown by most, your target readers may go to be turned off.
Instead stick with language that is simple, but powerful. For example, address the reader as “you”, and use the words like “try” or “should”.


4. Headline must Appropriate to the Story:
A humorous headline may work with a soft news, but it most definitely wouldn’t be appropriate for an article about someone being murdered or hard news. The tone of the headline must match the tone of the story.
Example: a man brutally killed his wife for money.


5. Use of the Active Voice
Use the subject-verb-object formula for news writing. That’s also the best model for headlines. Start with subject, write in the active voice, and your headline will convey more information using fewer words. Active voice tells who did what. Where as passive voice tells what happen which hides who.



6. Use of Present Tense
It makes the reader fells more connected towards the story. Even if the news story is written in the past tense, headlines must almost always use the present tense. So that reader could get attracted towards the article.
Example – Liverpool wins first premier league title
Neymar injury hit PSG hopes


7. Must know where to Capitalize
Always capitalize the first word of the headline as should all the proper nouns in the headline. Don’t capitalize every word in headline unless that is the style of your particular publication.
Example: Blackpink’s Lisa showing love to fans


8. Be Direct
Headlines aren’t the place to be obscure; a direct, straightforward headline gets your attention towards it more effectively than something overly creative.
Example- Maggie – 30% off today only


9. Avoid names
It is always better to avoid names while writing headline. But if in case it’s a popular well know name then name should be use because that particular name could attract the readers to read whole news.
Example – if the news is about famous celebrity like Justin Bieber, Drake, BTS. people want to read about them, then it’s worth to use their name.


10. Using of articles in headline
Avoid using of a, an, the in the headline. So that reader could get more connected with the article through headline.
Example- Man releases rabid dog on street (A man released a rabid dog on a street)
These were the few things we have to keep in mind while writing headline. A good headline catches reader attention first, then actual content on it. But then condition is headline should connect to content not any irrelevant information.

5 Paranormal Myths

Just because the paranormal is that the realm of the unexplained doesn’t mean there isn’t any explaining to try to do. Humans have always sought to define the planet around us, and even to the worlds which will be beyond us. As a result, throughout millennia, we’ve developed countless theories and told endless stories within the realm of paranormal popular culture, and there are tons of misconceptions that have taken root within the public’s consciousness. Believe it or not, even when handling the mysterious realm of ghosts, aliens, and creatures, there are some things we will fairly confidently label as false. So, to clear up some incorrect assumptions about the unexplained, let’s take a glance at 5 Paranormal Myths.

  • Paranormal Facts Exist – The term “paranormal” applies to anything currently beyond the range of scientific explanation. So anyone who claims they need access to the rulebook of the paranormal, which they know a foolproof way of creating a ghost go “boo!” is perhaps a charlatan … or close to be pretty famous. many researchers — including reputable scientists — have compelling theories about unexplained phenomena and are trying to use those utilizing the methodology, but thus far, paranormal facts don’t quite exist.
  • Ghosts Only begin in the dark – There are tons of reasons to ghost hunt at night: the planet quiets down because the day fades away; some locations only allow you to enter after the close of daytime business hours; it’s much creepier at night; and, most significantly, it’s the simplest time to play together with your sweet night-sight camera! But if you would like to chase ghosts, you’ll even as effectively roll in the hay during the day, consistent with most paranormal researchers. It’d even be a simpler time because that’s when the dead were probably most alive.
  • There’s No Physical Evidence of Bigfoot – While there haven’t been any bodies found, Bigfoot researchers claim there’s quite a little bit of physical evidence to suggest the creatures exists — including hair, blood, tissue, tracks, and, yes, poop. There is also a growing community of scientists who believe in Sasquatch, including famed primatologist Dr. Goodall and Dr. Jeffrey Meldrum of Idaho State University, among others. Eric Altman of the Pennsylvania Bigfoot Society stresses that, as far because the lack of physical remains (a dead Sasquatch), fossilization requires very specific conditions and Mother Nature has an efficient system of breaking down animal remains in about 10 days — so a freshly-dead specimen of the already-rare creature would be hard to seek out.
  • Only Old Buildings are Haunted – A decrepit, ancient Victorian mansion with broken windows, creaky floorboards and moldy furniture could also be the simplest haunted house in Hollywood, but it’s not where ghosts necessarily hang around. Beyond just old houses, researchers claim to possess found paranormal evidence in jails, asylums, hospitals, hotels, museums, battleships, cruise liners, cars, roads, and forests. New locations also can be haunted, as can the bottom where a replacement building is established. There doesn’t necessarily need to be a death on the property, either. it’s widely accepted within the paranormal community that objects and other people themselves are often the main targets of a haunting.
  • America’s Paranormal Fascination is New – Although the paranormal has become quite fashionable with the arrival of investigation-based reality shows, America’s fascination dates back to the origins of the state. The paranormal peaked within the US within the mid-19th and early 20th centuries with the introduction of Spiritualism, a spiritual philosophy that espoused that communication with the imaginary place is positive. Mary Todd Lincoln, Clemens, and Houdini were among the American celebrities who became a part of the paranormal conversation, and therefore the public gathered in homes and auditoriums to attach with the dead in séances. Beyond ghosts, future president Teddy Roosevelt wrote of a frontiersman’s encounter with a Bigfoot-like creature in 1893, and other Sasquatch stories would periodically make their way into the news. Long before the Battle of l. a. in 1942 or The Roswell Incident in 1947, “airships” were reported within the skies above America — and newspaperman S.E. Haydon wrote about the crash of such a ship in Aurora, Texas, in 1897, about 6 years before the Wright Brothers’ first flight.

A career in law

When we talk about the law, it has been so important from the primitive time and its importance will never decrease as the world needs to run peacefully and smoothly. Law as a career is a wonderful profession that can give you a plethora of career Ventures. It is the best way to conquer and explore for the students who are good in communication and are also confident about logical reasoning and can easily imbibe into the legal sphere. This is the right and apt place to develop your skills moreover it is in great demand in today’s world.

Career as a lawyer

Lawyers have always been respected and we always need lawyers to interpret law properly. The students can specialize in various areas like a:

Litigation

Corporate Council 

Judicial Clerkship 

Judiciary and civil service

Media and Publication

Legal process outsourcing

Academia

Social work etc.

Looking into so many streams of specialization a student may get confused but just in case you are confused it is always good to take advice, and research a little bit to the various pros and cons of every stream.

In this topic, we will be analyzing and understanding the career of a lawyer who has taken the stream of litigation as his future career. 

About a career as a litigation lawyer

Litigation is a very intellectual and challenging stream as the legal practitioners provide the services by presenting their clients in the Court. a litigation lawyer is also called an attorney. One has to research the legal issues and present his case in front of the judge. He has to draft his legal documents, and there would be a lot of courtroom appearances. Litigation lawyers should have the complete information of the courtroom with the in-depth knowledge of his case.

Litigation Lawyer

Eligibility for a career as a litigation lawyer

To be eligible and practice in the court as a litigation lawyer one has to:

Complete the LLB 5 years or LLB 3 year’s course

A student who has completed his LLM is also is eligible

One cannot practice if you have done a diploma or a certificate course.

Other basic requirements are:

The student has to be good with communication skills, logical reasoning, full research in legal concepts, detailed knowledge, patience, troubleshooting, critical thinking, confidence, etc.

Few years of experience through internships in law firms will give necessary skill sets to be a professional litigation lawyer.

Pay structure of a litigation lawyer

A lawyer who is practicing in the court his pay scale differs greatly from organization and experience. Sometimes due to the intellectual capability and skill set a litigation lawyer may become very expensive due to the accurate knowledge and Court deliverance. Reputation also is a Core factor that will differ from person to person. in general, a litigation lawyer on an entry-level will draw 1,80,000 per annum and an average litigation lawyer will earn somewhere around 4,99,000 whereas a senior lawyer’s salary will be somewhere around 7 to 8 lacs per annum.

Salary of an attorney

This job is highly rewarding and also has job satisfaction. It helps you to reach Heights which are unimaginable and you can also develop your skill sets and work experience within no time. The job of a litigation lawyer has new challenges daily and is exciting as law keeps changing, hence one has to always keep updating himself. This profession is a discovery of new knowledge and learning and also gets a lot of financial rewards and sometimes even gives a sense of happiness when a genuine client gets justice because of your effort.

 

Trees in Data Structures

The tree is a data structure that allows you to associate a parent-child relationship between various pieces of data and thus allows us to arrange our records, files, and data in a hierarchical fashion. The tree is a very popular data structure used in a wide range of applications. 
A tree data structure can be defined as follows…
The tree is a non-linear data structure that organizes data in a hierarchical structure and this is a recursive definition.
A tree data structure can also be defined as follows…
The tree data structure is a collection of data (Node) that is organized in hierarchical structure, and this is a recursive definition.

In a tree data structure, we use the following terminology :

1) ROOT: In a tree data structure, the first Node is called Root Node. Every tree must have a root node. We can say that the root node is the origin of the tree data structure. In any tree, there must be only one root node. We never have multiple root nodes in a tree.

2) EDGE: In a tree data structure, the connecting link between any two nodes is called EDGE. There will be a maximum of ‘N-1′ number of edges in a tree with an’ N’ number of nodes.

3) PARENT: In a tree data structure, the Node, which is a predecessor of any node, is called as PARENT NODE. In simple words, the Node with a branch from it to any other node is called a parent node. A parent node can also be defined as “The Node which has child / children”.

4) CHILD: In a tree data structure, the Node, a descendant of any node, is called a CHILD Node. In simple words, the Node with a link from its parent node is called a child node. In a tree, any parent node can have any number of child nodes. Thus, in a tree, all the nodes except the root are child nodes.

5) SIBLINGS: In a tree data structure, nodes that belong to the same Parent are called SIBLINGS. In simple words, the nodes with the same Parent are called Sibling nodes.

6) LEAF: In a tree data structure, the Node which does not have a child is called LEAF Node. In simple words, a leaf is a node with no child. In a tree data structure, the leaf nodes are also called External Nodes. External Node is also a node with no child. In a tree, a leaf node is also called a Terminal Node.

7) INTERNAL NODES: In a tree data structure, the Node which has at least one child is called as INTERNAL NODE. In simple words, an internal node is a node with at least one child. In a tree data structure, nodes other than leaf nodes are called Internal Nodes. The root node is also an Internal Node if the tree has more than one Node. Internal nodes are also called ‘Non-Terminal’ nodes.

8) DEGREE: In a tree data structure, the total number of children of a node is called DEGREE of that Node. In simple words, the degree of a node is the total number of children it has. Therefore, the highest degree of a node among all the nodes in a tree is called the ‘Degree of Tree.’

9) LEVEL: In a tree data structure, the root node is said to be at Level 0, and the children of the root node are at Level 1, and the children of the nodes which are at Level 1 will be at Level2 and so on… In simple words, in a tree, each step from top to bottom is called as a Level and the Level count start with ‘0’ and are incremented by one at each level (Step).

10) HEIGHT: In a tree data structure, the total number of edges from the leaf node to a particular node in the longest path is called as HEIGHT of that Node. In a tree, the height of the root node is said to be the height of the tree. In a tree, the height of all leaf nodes is ‘0’.

11) DEPTH: In a tree data structure, the total number of edges from a root node to a particular node is called as DEPTH of that Node. In a tree, the total number of edges from a root node to a leaf node in the longest path is said to be the depth of the tree. In simple words, the highest depth of any leaf node in a tree is said to be the depth of that tree. Thus, in a tree, the depth of the root node is ‘0.

12) PATH: In a tree data structure, the sequence of Nodes and Edges from one Node to another node is called PATH between that two Nodes. The length of a Path is the total number of nodes in that path. 

Maroju Sanjana



Importance of an Internship: Top 5 Reasons

 Just having a good degree is no longer enough to secure that all-important graduate job offer in today’s world. Pertinent work experience is now just as valuable as your degree and exam results when it comes to building a successful career. As a result, internships have become an essential way to help candidates make themselves stand out. The importance of an internship has been shown in several recent surveys. According to NACE’s Class of 2019 Student Survey, “More than half of all graduating seniors who applied for a full-time job (53.2%) received at least one job offer. Within this group, 57.5% of students who had an internship and 43.7% of graduating seniors who did not have an internship received a job offer.” Not bad right? Let’s keep it going. 

We will discuss everything you need to know about internships and determine why interning at a company is vital to career growth.

So, let’s get started!

The concept of an internship 

You need the experience to get hands-on knowledge in your career field. In today’s labour market, employers rely heavily on CVs that demonstrate relevant work history, whether it is from actual job experience, volunteer work, or interning at a company. 

An internship is an official program offered by organisations to help train and provide work experience to students and recent graduates. The concept of working as an intern began a long time ago but has drastically evolved over the years. Internships first started as a labourer who would take on young individuals and teach them their art or trade. In exchange for being taught a skill, the trainee would agree to work for the labourer for a specific time. Even then, the purpose of an internship or rather an apprenticeship was to gain new skills to be able to obtain future work.

In modern interning, an intern or trainee can work for an organisation for a specific amount of time. Interns can work for 1-12 months or longer, depending on the company and the industry. Internships are popular amongst graduate and undergraduate students who need to gain research or valuable work experience. Almost every sector and type of company, from a large multinational corporation to a small startup, now offers internships. Additionally, there has been a rise in remote internships – which is the ability to intern virtually for global companies. The vast number of internship opportunities available indicates the importance of an internship in today’s world.

How valuable is job experience? 

Getting work experience is an essential aspect of starting your career as a young graduate. The earlier you start gaining experience for your CV, the better. Job experience is not just restricted to an office job with a large organisation. You can get an internship at a small company or get experience by freelancing. Any experience where you use skills that you can transfer to your future career is an excellent addition to your CV. It can help you demonstrate your commitment and capabilities to an employer while highlighting the skills that are both appropriate and transferable to the post you are applying for. An internship is one of the best ways to gain that all-important job experience.

Here are the top 5 reasons we think show the importance of an internship.

Internships provide exposure to the real world

Unfortunately, in today’s job market, passing exams with high scores and getting a degree doesn’t offer the much-needed work experience, you will need to succeed in a workspace. 

By partaking in an internship, you will be able to gain real-life exposure, grow your knowledge and determine if you are in the right career field. Internships not only provide you with the first-hand experience in the real working world but also enable you to understand the career trajectory for your desired job title. You can learn how to apply the knowledge you have acquired during an internship to your future workplaces.

In addition to this, it is an excellent learning curve for young graduates and students while meeting new people and making connections in the professional world.

Internships give you a platform to establish critical networking connections

Networking is the exchange of information between individuals to form acquaintances and relationships to further their professional career. An internship is an experiential learning opportunity that offers an invaluable chance for students to network and build crucial professional connections before they even graduate. 

For some students, it is a stepping-stone to bonus opportunities within the same organisation, including a full-time job. The more people you meet in the professional world with the same interest, the higher your chances to grow as a professional. You will get to know how these people work, what strategies they use to tackle a difficult situation, and how they get the job done. Different people have different skills. Meeting them and watching them work will help you understand how to work with different people and in various work environments. You can use their strategies and reinvent them for your circumstances. 

Internships allow you to learn more about yourself 

You may start as an intern in a specific field. But the more you explore it, the more you will discover about it. Every industry has its pros and cons. Working in a real-world environment will help you understand the depths of your field and will help you determine whether it is a career you wish to pursue in the future.

An internship will help you learn about your capabilities and ultimately encourage you to have a greater understanding of your strengths and weaknesses. It can be a challenging experience at times. Still, the benefits you gain from being pushed out of your comfort zone will help you tremendously in the future when you are presented with a difficult task or situation.

Internships equip you with more than just technical skills 

When you are working as a professional for an organisation, business and technical knowledge are not the only things that the industry demands. You need people skills as well – because no matter how good you are, you won’t stand a chance of succeeding in any profession unless you develop a collaborative work ethic and learn to be a team player. 

On top of that, you need to know how to work under pressure, and why deadlines matter. An internship gives you exposure to the challenges of a work environment and having experience of these situations will be useful to talk about in future interviews and show employers that you will be a good fit for their company.

Internships allow you to gain a competitive edge 

Everyone knows that the job market is competitive, especially in the current climate. There may be hundreds of other candidates applying for the same role as you. As a result, you need a way to help give you a competitive edge and make yourself stand out. Internships can provide you with experience and the skills to help make employers notice you and as well as showing them that you would be a good fit for their company. It also shows that you are someone who has the drive and passion and has been motivated to acquire experience outside of just University. 

What do the stats say? 

There is plenty of research supporting the decisive role that interning at an organisation plays in a student’s life. According to the State of Millennial Hiring Report, US graduates who complete more than three internships are more likely to secure a full-time job.
More and more institutions are emphasising that students graduate with experience and also understanding the importance of an internship. According to the same report, 81.1% of graduates say that working as an intern has helped them significantly improve their career prospects. 

In the UK, Sutton Trust’s 2018 report showed “Completing an internship was associated with higher salaries, for both middle and working-class students”. These studies all show the importance of an internship in today’s environment.

Going forward, there will be a lot more remote career opportunities opening up, and it could be a viable alternative to working from an office. It is worth considering in your career plan.

If a remote internship is not for you, don’t worry, there are still other ways you can make the most out of this time. You can perhaps learn new skills like programming or volunteer with a local charity; the worst thing you can do now is to do nothing and expect something to happen.

Final Thoughts

To sum up, internships play a crucial role in shaping one’s career. It not only helps undergraduates and graduates gain real exposure to working environments but also helps them develop the necessary skills required to stand out in a saturated job market. Now that you know the importance of an internship, it is time to find a course in your chosen industry.

https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCCzOJDJZHoBttdHAjJsnN9w?sub_confirmation=1

Changing Perspectives

According to post- structuralists,The binary opposition are not true representation of reality rather they are constructed ideas . It reveals the relationship between language and power.Because in every binary opposition, so called ‘positive’, gain power. For example; white vs black, centre vs margin, male vs female… In all these, we tend to favour one over the other when one gets privilege, The other lost its importance. But in some cases, due to these binary oppositions some lost their existence. These concepts are strongly against humanity.What do you think about the binary opposition?

Just take the example of male and female in our patriarchal society. Men always win the favour and the women marginalized as part of it. but now the concept is quite changing. Women also begin to get a proper recognition in the upper layer of the society. Amidst of this binaries, a group of people lack their existence and became subject to the criticism due to the false concept of the public.LGBTs were not even addressed in the society as they considered as people who are against the norms and broke the existing structure of the society that of binaries.They are also humans! They should appreciate for their decision to follow their own identity instead of living with an uncomfortable ‘mask’ to get the favours of the people. They showed their courage enough to stay against the false notions of the society and proved the ‘real’ in them. But these challenges only brought them the hard times… many of them lost their families! Now they are achieving their goals that governments and many organisations are there for them and some humanitarians began to understand the importance of recognition of that are out of these binaries…

Though the society is changing to a positive wave, their community didn’t get enough representation in our society. In this context the new ad of Bhima jewellers in Kerala, brought a positive thought through their ad. The ad begins with a positive response from her family members towards the desire of a man who want to be a woman. Later on ,the ad fulfills the intention by showing ‘her’ covered in gold and being walked into the wedding. At the same time the add gives hope on the progressive mindset of the society. What is the importance of the ad in the present day? Through education many changed their mindset,but the ordinary people are still believe this as a kind of action against the law of nature and also against God! Nobody can expect a sudden changes from these people, because they are rooted in their beliefs deeply.But these kinds of ads and their continuous appearance in the tv can gradually make a change. In this kind of society, Bhima dared to take a revolutionary step through which many sections of the society and the children too might be seeing the ad which can gradually able to make a subtle changes in the mindset of the viewers. In many families this would have led to discussions as well probably this might be the first time,many are even noticing a transwoman and this transformation to a new life pictured in a positive note. The reason behind the popularity of this ad is that a ‘rare thing'(for the present society) portrayed normally. but this should not be a rarity. we should raise to a state in which trans and homeo sexual people are treated in a normal way.Since that’s not the case now we should appreciate Bhima for making such an add as a first step towards progress.

Ad of Bhima: https://youtu.be/NtaLr_r8R2E

How can you improve your English during Lockdown?

Business English Course in London

 

 

As Indian we’re mostly multi-lingual and almost 85 percent people know Hindi or use it to communicate but with globalization and with the arrival of big MNCs we’ve realized the importance of English. Even though we learn English in school, why aren’t we so confident while speaking? We learn a language and attain fluency in it only when we practice it in our day to day life but learning English is limited to school or coaching classes. Maybe you’re weak point is reading or you face problems with pronunciation or what so ever. I believe you could utilize your lockdown into being productive and overcoming your flaws by improving your English Language.

Here are some of the ways that you may try to get a better grasp of English Language:

  • Reading everyday-

Make it a habit to regularly read aloud a text for at least 15 minutes daily. You could either read a newspaper/ e-newspaper, begin with a simple book or read paragraphs in English online.

 

  • Listening to Music-

You could find different kinds of English music according to your genre. Try listening to them while looking at the lyrics. Start with slow English songs for better understanding.

 

  • Listen to Podcasts-

Podcasts are a great way to learn a language. You could listen to podcasts where two people are conversing, a monologue by a person or a story narration.

http://https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/general-english/podcasts

 

  • Refer dictionary-

I personally prefer online dictionaries as they also correct us with our pronunciation and for better understanding they use the word in a sentence as an example  for better understanding.

http://https://www.merriam-webster.com/

 

  • Learn by chatting-

In the world of social media we’re used to chatting online but most of the time we don’t talk in  English. There are Chatting apps available as  a simulator to learn English.

http://https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.yobimi.chatenglish&hl=en_IN&gl=US

 

  • Write-

Whenever you get time just start writing on any random topic. It doesn’t matter if there’s grammatical mistake or you’re unable to find exact words for the sentence. Pick up a random topic from google and start writing about it as per your understanding. Later on you can correct your mistakes my pasting the content on grammar checker apps and learn from your mistakes.

 

  • Duolingo-

This app is probably the best for learning any language. I highly recommend using it.

http://https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.duolingo

 

  • YouTube/Online course-

If you aren’t willing to pay for learning English, there are lots of options available online. One of them is YouTube where you’d find detailed explanations and better tips for English. Secondly, you can enroll for free online courses as well.

 

 

Issue of Poverty In India

As we all know India is a one of the fastest developing countries in the world. Although
it’s economy is growing poverty is still a major challenge. This is because according to a recent study the richest 10% in India controls the 80%of the Indian economy. The poverty in the county the day to day growing with unemployment and hunger at its fullest. People suffer a lot due to poverty in India and we can say a whole bunch of them also die as a result of the poverty. We hear tragic incidents of people dying of hunger and even children dies due to hunger and poverty. We can say two-thirds of the people in the county live of poverty. Children dies of hunger and they are forced to work even in their childhood for money and are abused killed in the society. They are denied of their education and are stuck with a lot of diseases due to their unhygienic way of living due to the poverty. Malnutrition in children is intense in variety parts of the country and the scenes are utmost tragic.
More than 200 million people does not get enough food to eat and in that 200 millon 61 are children. This itself shows the worrying situation in the county due to poverty.
The covid pandemic has deeply effected the situation as these stats were before the pandemic and as we all know the pandemic has increased poverty and unemployment by a huge number. Many people lost their jobs as the result of the pandemic and they have been falling into the hands of poverty. Families has been suffering and many people tend to end their lives rather than suffering from hunger. People are not given proper education and even the educated are not given jobs and stays jobless which addes to the poverty in India. This is also because of the high population rates in India as there is no place for majority of the people and these all effects their living which leads to the high rates of poverty in the county.

Government to Establish National Mission on use of Biomass

The power ministry has agreed on to set up a National Mission on the practice of Biomass in coal-based thermal power plants. The Power Ministry’s mission will aid in dealing with the case of air pollution as well as lessening the carbon footprints. This would further promote the energy shift in the country and its target to move towards cleaner and better energy sources, the Ministry of Power told in a statement. 

 The National Mission will have motives including improving the level of co-firing from the current 5 per cent to loftier levels to have a larger share of carbon-neutral power generation from thermal power plants. It would also take up research and development activity in boiler design to deal with the huger amount of silica, alkalis in the biomass pellets. The Mission would also stimulate overcoming the regulations in the supply chain of biomass pellets and agro-residue and its conveyance up to the power plants, the statement said. It would also analyze regulatory issues in biomass co-firing. The modalities of the system and pattern of the Nation Mission are under finalization. It is being envisaged that the Mission would have a Steering Committee headed by a power secretary comprising all stakeholders comprising representatives from the Ministry of Petroleum & Natural Gas, Ministry of New & Renewable Energy etc. The Executive Committee would be bossed by Member (Thermal), CEA (Central Electricity Authority). The minimum extent of the proposed National Mission would be 5 years. A total of five sub-groups is also formulated to be shaped under the Mission that would be assigned with various tasks. The Mission would also contribute to the National Clean Air Programme, it added. 

The “National Mission on use of biomass in thermal power plants” will have the following objectives; 

  (a) To increase the level of co-firing from present 5% to higher levels to have a larger share of carbon neutral power generation from the thermal power plants.   

(b) To take up R&D activity in boiler design to handle the higher amount of silica, alkalis in the biomass pellets. 

 (c) To facilitate overcoming the constraints in supply chain of bio mass pellets and agro- residue and its transport upto to the power plants. 

 (d) To consider regulatory issues in biomass co-firing.

SAY NO TO TOBACCO

Tobacco which was known for its medicinal properties has now become deadliest substance in the world. WHO declared May 31st as world No Tobacco Day. Every year 6 million people die as a victim under the attack of tobacco and more than 6 lakh people die just standing next to the smokers. If you are a tobacco smoker, your chances of developing multiple blockages and long-term result following any intervention on the heart is much higher.

Why is tobacco harmful?

With each inhalation, smoke brings its more than 5,000 chemical substances in contact with the body’s tissue. From the beginning, tar, a black, resinous material begins to colour the teeth and gums, gradually led to the decay of the same which also damages nerves endings in the nose effects on the system of smell. Inside the airways and the lungs, smoke increases the likelihood of infections as well as chronic diseases like bronchitis and emphysema. The smoke fills the alveoli, tiny air sacs that enable the exchange of Oxygen and carbon dioxide between the lungs and blood. A toxic gas called carbon monoxide crosses that membrane into the blood binding the hemoglobin and displacing the oxygen, transported around the body. That is why smoking leads to oxygen deprivation and shortness of breath. Nicotine and other chemicals from the cigarette enter into the blood vessels and damage their delicate endothelial lining restricting blood flow which lead to heart attacks and strokes.It’s also damages eyesight, weakened bones and makes it hard for women to get pregnant and in men can cause erectile dysfunction.

Significance in the era of covid-19

Dr Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, WHO Director-General said, “Smokers have up to a 50% higher risk of developing severe disease and death from Covid-19, so quitting is best thing smokers can do to lower their risk from this corona virus, as well as the risk of developing cancers, heart disease and respiratory illnesses and We urge all countries to play their part by joining the WHO campaign and creating tobacco-free environments that give people the information, support and tools they need to quit, and quit for good.”As habit of smoking will damage the lungs already,there is a higher incidence of severe lung complications following Covid in smokers as compared to non-smokers.Elaborating on weakening of the immune system and increased risk of Covid-19 transmission by smokers, Tobacco smoke contains toxic chemicals which cause damages to the linings of the airways and the lungs. The chemicals in tobacco smoke suppress the activity of different types of immune cells leading to weakening of immunity and thus impairing one’s ability to fight the Covid infection. The act of smoking will increase the chances of covid -19,as the fingers and possibly contaminated cigarettes coming in contact with the lips and thus increasing the risk of transmission of virus from hand to mouth.
The happiness from the intoxication is just like the life of a bubble.It is powerful enough to conquer us through its temporary happiness.But we have to understand the fact that this short happiness will throw us into the hell of sufferings.”say no to tobacco, switch on the real happiness”.

Lockdown: Mothers Are Tired

“Mothers are like glue. Even when you can’t see them, they’re still holding the family together.”

                                                                                                                                                          —Susan Gale

The COVID-19 pandemic started almost two years back and since then we’re under lockdown. There have been so many changes in the world, so many people have been affected physically and mentally and the most affected ones are Mothers. Everyone being present at home, hardly gives them time for themselves.

 

Vector parenthood problems of big family. Tired, exhausted mother with naughty and nasty children crying trying to handle kids and household chores. Mom holding dirty laundry, cooking, washing dishes:: موقع تصميمي

 

As the classes are conducted online, a mother has to ensure that her child pays attention and thus she sits with her child. Normally if the pandemic wouldn’t have happened, the child would have gone to school and she could rest at home at that time. Her family members are present at home all the time so now she’s got extra work and less time for herself. She has to cook for her family and do other household chores while her child is asking for something or disturbing her.

 

Working mothers suffer too. They have to work from home as well as take care of her family. Her children are present all the time which makes it really difficult for her to concentrate on her work while the pressure from the boss just increases. Same scenario with the single moms.

Moms Cut Work Hours Four Times More Than Dads During Pandemic

 

We don’t even realize how much they have to sacrifice for us. Few days back I saw a post where a mother was breathing through a portable oxygen cylinder and simultaneously cooking for her family. Her love is unconditional, her sacrifices are beyond comparison; so high time we understand this and help them out. It’s time that we acknowledge their misery and give them what they deserve the most – love, help and understanding.

Future of English

English has a huge space in world of communication. Various factors opened the way of English toan international level. Historical and political reasons are there. The establishment of colonies in various parts of the world allowed the entry of English into those countries. As the language of the rulers, English got more acceptance in a large number of countries where English was introduced as a foreign language particularly suitable to use as a language for higher education and also as a link between two persons from different places.The international organization like the UN, the UNESCO, WHO, and so on accepted English as their medium. The world leaders who speak different languages felt the need for a common language, and the lot fell on English. English is also the medium of International Airtraffic. English is a rich language with rich literature. Books on science and technology are available in plenty in English, and so it is the best medium for education in these subjects. English is spoken as the first language in several countries. It is used as a second language or a foreign language in almost all other countries. So now English has a vast realm to reign.but what would be the future of this language?
The course of the English language is going to be influenced by those who speak it as a
second or foreign language as by those who speak it as a mother tongue. The total number of mother-tongue speakers in the world is steadily falling when it compared to the number of second language speakers. As the numbers grow, and second/foreign speakers gain in national and international prestige, it is likely that some of the traditional rules of concord change according to the fashion of New Englishes .The new varieties of English will become powerful and prestigious. Though there are few studies about this, we can see several of these linguistic features increasing in their respective countries. New words are introduced and these words first come with some effort but soon become popular through the continuous use of the same.In the past it was wrong to use the language like this, But today the new words will be accepted as correct usage. Thus linguistic features are raised from a national level to an international level. These days, regional national varieties of English increasingly are being used with prestige at the international level.And the nature of the reaction also well illustrates the nature of the problem which all New Englishes encounter, in their early stages.English is developing as a strong non-native presence and at all levels. There is a trend around the English speaking world to approve many expressions that were penalized as local and low class. How far this trend develops depends on economic and social factors more than anything else. If the people who use these new varieties become more influential, attitude will change and shortly we shall find ourselves an English language that contains large areas of contact influenced vocabulary borrowed from other languages.There are constant change in English which made by the speakers especially the second language speakers of English.Some of them considered it as degrading one language,but linguists accepting it as positive.We have to understand the fact that the growth of this language all over the world is due it’s nature to accept all the changes!Do you think there will be englishes for each country in the future?