Author: Eduindex News

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8 Genuine ways to earn money from your home!!!

Here are some of the genuine ways to earn in your spare time without any investment.

  1. Transcriber: average earnings per month is hundred and fifty. All you need is actually to have a good pair of headphones and of course you need to get stored to type there now there is a few other sites so you can’t only rely of course on hundred and fifty dollars average earning per month but if you are good at this you can actually earn of course much more but what you can do is you can become a transcriber. rev.com is another site here as a transcriptionist you can anywhere from 24 to 90 cents per audio/video minute basically you can be a video captioner also which is pretty much the same here and you can earn anywhere from 45 cents up to 75 cents.
  2. Micro tasks you can do this on my.com in your spare time you get paid for completing simple tasks here so it can be anything from like tagging objects here helping companies select the best picture the audit user classifying you can see that there is tons of opportunities. Rapidworkers.com is another site where you can earn a decent amount just by doing some micro taskes.
  3. Data entry jobs on Amazon on rapid workers there is micro workers also but there is also assigned like a clickworkercalm.com. You just sign up for a free account and you work independently your schedule is flexible and all you need is a computer and of course and/or a mobile device with an internet connection and it’s totally up to you how much you want to work. You can do text creation, copy editing, research surveys, mystery visit, app testing and photo capturing a lot of opportunities that you can earn money from the comfort on clickworker.com.
  4. Virtual assistant one of my favorite sites is virtual assistant jobs calm and basically you can apply for data entry, call center whatever comes into your mind you can get started here and apply and search for it you might be available only to do this on part time so you can search for part-time flexible with contracts. Jobs.com helps us out there by providing all types of virtual assistance jobs.
  5. Online tutoring if you’re good at something math or English or something like that one side is a shag.com , VIP kid teachers.com which is basically they teach English here and you can earn up to twenty two dollars per hour teaching. There are many students who want to learn extra and out of their books so here comes opportunity by teaching them.
  6. Freelancer totally depends on your skills. There is other popular freelance sites like upwork.com there is freelancer.com there is people per hour so a lot of options actually that you can apply for here as a freelancer. Freelancing is one of the best option as you can work also on your niche and can enhance it for future use.
  7. Affiliate marketer and the good thing with affiliate marketing is that you don’t have to deal with shipping you don’t have to deal with anything at all. You need is just grab a link and promote that offer whatever it is and of course you earn a commission okay so one of the most popular platforms is Clickbank.com. They have thousands of products here probably one of the most popular niches will be health and fitness. You just grab a link here and what you do is you use this link to promote it you can use something like bitly to shorten this ugly link of course and then all you need to do is drive traffic to this offer. Amazon is another option that you can make money as an affiliate marketer they have millions of products here that you can promote ok you can earn a commission from anything you promote inside Amazon here so it works the same way it totally depends on your niche here how you can drive traffic to it.
  8. Sell stuff on eBay you have available that you don’t use at your home you can get stored there to sell this or you can actually use this platform to buy something and sell it much higher. So, you can be a sort of a middleman here so this is another option tons of ways and opportunities to make money eBay and you can of course do this from your home without any investment.

 

OTTs & Its impact on Youths.


Its very obvious for our parents to mock at us by teasing that how we would prefer to start our day –taking a tooth brush in our hand or with the shitty Android smart phones; though for most of us the word shitty implying to our extraordinary smart gadget of entertainment may be a lil bit annoying. In this world of internet, every information, news, education related stuffs, games and above all entertainment are easily available within our palm. 

Watching television is like out of the trend, actually its true indeed our generation somewhere lacks time and patience both but even comes to the group called the early majority, the sharpeness and thoughts regarding to the new innovations is quite commendable which has given rise to ample of advancements in the field of science and technologies and subsequently led to the rise in OTTs (over-the-top). Thus OTTs platforms has given a great opportunity for the youths to showcase their talents and thus provides lots plof employments to the people of this era, though there are innumerable criticisms and controversies regarding the concept how they make high profits through small screen and regulate big way to income using the youths. The emerging and popular OTTs like Netflix, Amazon Prime Video, SonyLiv, Zee5, Hotstar etc. Now the point is that these OTTs have already threatened DTH services so we can\’t even imagine how the within such a short period of time the OTTs have put its magical impact to our generation.

And behind their popularity there lies an awesome strategy to make their contents with lots of spices and bold scenes in them.They usually target to catch people from a specific age group or community and make their contents accordingly. Nowadays every other youngsters have the subscriptions of one or more than one OTT at a time because not only for the fact that they provide contents with much more bold scenes but also they strategize to make these tales & web series available at a very low cost. 



Basically, we in our super hectic and busy schedule prefer watch movies & web series during those small breaks in between the work loads to make ourselves get a bit charged while making the mood light & fresh as well, then again paused and continue with our respect assignments or works so subsequently the scenario goes on. Its a truth that now they tries to capture the greater audiences from the youths making relatable contents in web series like Kota Factory, Four More Shots Please, etc. 
The era of popular web series started from Game of Thrones to the Indian originals now even in various regional languages . 

In brief we can conclude that yes the way to get entertainment via OTTs has developed a separate fanbase among our generation and it will continue to do so if it succumbs for giving such spicy and versatile contents. At the same time its a very vital message to our youths not to get any sort of addiction while watching those web series with adults contents especially below 18 yrs. folks should able to take the differences between the reel and real and thus must be well informed before they get access to such web series having more adults contents. We must kept in mind the practical life and scenes on screens no matter big or small they varied a lot and made only for making enormous profits so without wasting much time or get any kind of addiction can watch them just for entertainment . 


https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCCzOJDJZHoBttdHAjJsnN9w?sub_confirmation=1

Bombay HC Dismisses PIL Alleging Negligence In Management

In a latest and fresh development, the Bombay High Court just recently on July 3, 2020 in Ketan Tirodkar Vs State of Maharashtra & Anr in Case Number: PIL-CJ-LD-VC-29 of 2020 dismissed a public interest litigation (PIL) alleging negligence in management of dead bodies of Covid-19 victims by Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai staff after the Corporation filed an affidavit categorically denying the allegations in the PIL and asserting vehemently that the guidelines of the Health Ministry are being strictly followed for disposal of dead bodies. It would be vital to mention here that a Division Bench of Chief Justice Dipankar Datta and Justice NJ Jamadar was hearing a PIL filed by an activist – Ketan Tirodkar who contended that the smoke emanating from the chimneys at crematoriums in Shivaji Park and Chandanwadi is dangerous for the MCGM workers handling the bodies. Ketan’s claims fell through as they could not be substantiated to the satisfaction of the Bombay High Court!

                               To start with, the ball is set rolling in para 1 of this noteworthy judgment delivered by a two Judge Bench of Bombay High Court comprising of Chief Justice Dipankar Datta and NJ Jamadar wherein it is envisaged that, “The petitioner claims to be a social activist. From the cause title of the PIL Petition, it appears that he has been residing at Pune. In this proceeding, styled as ‘Public Interest Litigation’, he seeks to bring to judicial notice alleged negligence in management and disposal of dead bodies of COVID-19 victims by the staff of the Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai (hereafter “the Corporation”), more particularly in the crematoriums at Shivaji Park and Chandanwadi. The material paragraph from the PIL Petition, which forms its plinth, reads as follows:-

“3. It has been learnt that Shivaji Park funeral site for Hindus has been receiving bodies of COVID-19 casualties which are neither wrapped in the ‘leak-proof’ bags nor are they applied with ‘hypochlorite’. A worker of Shivaji Park funeral site has been found infected with COVID-19 and presently there are only seven workers on duty performing the high-pressure task.

The smoke emanating from the process of electric funeral goes up around the area creating an eminent (sic, imminent) danger of the residents in the vicinity getting infected.

Huge number of bodies keep coming to various such funeral sites from civic & State hospitals without being wrapped and without being subjected to application of ‘hypochlorite’.

Shivaji Park Crematorium in Dadar West and Chandanwadi crematorium in Charni Road have been receiving major workload as they are in the close vicinity of major State & Civil hospitals. Around 18 to 20 bodies are received every day by these two crematoriums. The staff is not given adequate medication and the protective overalls. Moreover, there is eminent (sic, imminent) danger of the residents in the surrounding localities catching infection due to the smoke emitted by the chimneys.””   

                                        To be sure, it is then stated in para 2 that, “On the basis of such pleadings, it has been prayed in the PIL Petition as follows:-

(a)          This Hon’ble Court may be pleased to direct the Respondent to direct the respondent State to enforce the safety guidelines for applying 1% hypochlorite over the bodies.

(b)         This Hon’ble Court may be pleased to direct the Respondent to ensure that the bodies of the COVID-19 patients are wrapped in the ‘leak-proof’ bags before sending them to the crematoriums, Muslim & Christian burial places.

(c)           This Hon’ble Court may be pleased to direct the Respondent to provide adequate medication, protective overalls and sufficient material to maintain hygiene for the workers engaged at the funeral places.”      

                                         On the contrary, it is then pointed out in para 3 that, “The Corporation, by filing an affidavit-in-reply, has categorically denied the material allegations in the PIL Petition. Referring to the guidelines dated March 15, 2020 issued by the Ministry of Health and family Welfare, Government of India on management of dead bodies and a circular dated June 4, 2020 issued by it laying down Standard Operating Procedures for handling of dead bodies, the Corporation has contended that the provisions of the guidelines are being strictly enforced so as to keep the spread of the virus within manageable limits. Relying on the decision of a coordinate Bench of this Court dated May 22, 2020 passed in LD-VC-46-2020 (Pradeep Gandhy & Ors. vs. State of Maharashtra & Ors.) and other connected matters, which dealt with the issue of decent burial of COVID victims, it has been emphasized that things are moving in the right direction and that there is no case for judicial intervention.”

                               As things stand, para 4 then brings out that, “A rejoinder affidavit has been filed by the petitioner. It has been vaguely alleged therein that the guidelines that are issued are not being strictly followed by the Corporation. Particulars of any specific incident are not provided. When questioned on the point of absence of particulars, Ms. Vhatkar, learned Advocate for the petitioner submits that since the petitioner during the period of lockdown is away in Pune, he has been disabled in furnishing particulars. This is apart from the fact that the rejoinder does not conform to Order VI Rule 15 of the Code of Civil Procedure.”

                                Most significantly, the Bench then after hearing the parties and perusing the pleadings on record then holds in para 6 that, “The allegations made by the petitioner do not as such appear to be based on his personal knowledge, though paragraphs 1 to 8 are verified as true to the best of his knowledge. Whatever he has learnt on reading certain newspaper reports has triggered the institution of this PIL Petition. In course of hearing, Ms. Vhatkar admits that newspaper reports are not admissible evidence. No material has been placed before us which could even remotely support or validate the stand that the petitioner has taken in the PIL Petition. In the absence of the relevant data, we hold his fears and concerns to be misconceived. That the petitioner has been residing in Pune during the lockdown period and alleging mismanagement in Mumbai has also left us to wonder how he could have verified the pleadings in the PIL Petition as true to the best of his knowledge. That the petitioner has been residing in Pune, for which he could not provide  relevant facts and figures for drawing up the PIL Petition in a more comprehensive manner, is also of little importance. Once it is admitted by Ms. Vhatkar that the petitioner did not have any first hand knowledge of whatever has been alleged in the PIL Petition, we are constrained to observe that verifying the contents of the PIL Petition as true to the best of the knowledge of the petitioner has not been a proper exercise.’’

                                     Needless to say, it is then observed in para 7 that, “Even if we keep aside these technicalities and proceed on the merits of the matter, we find on the one hand the emphatic stand of the Corporation that the guidelines dated March 15, 2020 and June 4, 2020 issued by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India as well as the Corporation itself, respectively, are being scrupulously followed and enforced in the matter of management and disposal of dead bodies of COVID victims. Not only has the Corporation pleaded that the polythene bags in which the cadavers are wrapped are of the requisite quality, it is also pleaded that ‘hypochlorite’, to the extent necessary, is being administered on the cadaver so as to prevent the spread of the virus. Reference has also been made to other clauses of the guidelines which the Corporation has been adhering to, to ensure that the people residing in the vicinity of the crematoriums within the municipal limits are kept free from contracting any information to the extent possible.’’  

                                            To put things in perspective, it is then pointed out in para 8 that, “As referred to earlier, there are bare denials in the rejoinder affidavit and vague allegations that the guidelines have not been strictly followed. An action based on vague allegations does not deserve to be proceeded with. The other allegations of the petitioner in the rejoinder affidavit that the Corporation has not furnished full details of how many staff are on its rolls, how many of them are attending work, what steps are being taken against those guilty of absenteeism, etc. are not at all germane to the concerns that the petitioner has expressed in the PIL Petition.’’

                          Of course, the Bench then rightly holds in para 9 that, “The case run in paragraph 3 of the PIL Petition, the statements made in answer thereto by the Corporation in its reply affidavit and the absence of any particulars in the rejoinder affidavit as to any specific incident of mismanagement, apart from reference to unnecessary points, lead us to the unmistakable conclusion that no case for interference has been set up by the petitioner. The PIL Petition stands dismissed, but without any order of cost.’’  

                                   However, it is then made clear in para 10 that, “We, however, hope and trust that the Corporation shall continue to earnestly  adhere to and enforce the extant guidelines so that life of each and every citizen is preserved and that they are not put to unnecessary distress as a result of the contagion.’’

                                       Finally, it is then held in the last para 11 that, “This order will be digitally signed by the Sr. Private Secretary of this Court. All concerned will act on production by fax or e-mail of a digitally signed copy of this order.’’

                               To conclude, the two Judge Bench of Bombay High Court very rightly dismisses a PIL alleging negligence in management of dead bodies of Covid-19 victims by Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai staff as they could not be substantiated by the petitioner! If the petitioner had submitted something concrete then certainly the outcome would have been different. There can certainly be no denying it!

Sanjeev Sirohi, Advocate,

s/o Col BPS Sirohi,

A 82, Defence Enclave,

Sardhana Road, Kankerkhera,

Meerut – 250001, Uttar Pradesh

Chief Minister Public Hearing Cell Does Not Have Jurisdiction

In a fresh development, the Jharkhand High Court just recently in a latest, landmark and laudable judgment titled Sanjay Kumar Sharda v. State of Jharkhand & Ors. in W.P.(Cr.) No. 395 of 2019 has made it amply clear in no uncertain terms that the Chief Minister Public Hearing Cell does not have jurisdiction to direct the police to register an FIR.  While deprecating the usurpation of power, the Jharkhand High Court in this noteworthy case has strongly deprecated the practice of the Chief Minister Public Hearing Cell pressurizing the police officials to register an FIR as it has no jurisdiction to direct the police officials to register an FIR and has no power to monitor the same. Very rightly so!

                                     To start with, the ball is set rolling in para 1 of this notable judgment authored by Justice Ananda Sen wherein it is stipulated that, “The lawyers have no jurisdiction with regard to the proceeding, which has been held through video conferencing today at 10:30 A.M. They have no complaint in respect of the audio and video clarity and quality.”

                                       While stating the purpose behind filing the petition, it is then stated in para 2 that, “By way of filing this petition under Article 226 of the Constitution of India, the petitioner has prayed for quashing of the entire criminal proceeding including the First Information Report in connection with Ramgarh P.S. Case No. 300 of 2018, registered for the offence under Section 406, 420 and 34 IPC, pending before the court of learned Chief Judicial Magistrate, Ramgarh.”

                                         As it turned out, after hearing the counsel for the parties as pointed out in para 3, it is then brought out in para 4 that, “Counsel for the petitioner submits that from the perusal of the FIR, it will be clear that no criminal offence is made out. He further submit that there was on going business transaction between the parties and if for some breach of contract or because of some misunderstanding between the parties, the business transaction fails, it cannot be said that criminal cause of action arises for initiating a criminal proceeding. He submits that FIR was registered at the pressure of “Mukhya Mantri Jansanbad Kendra” (the Chief Minister Public Hearing Cell), which is a non-statutory authority and no direction can be given by such authority to register the FIR. He also submits that the action of the said Cell is absolutely bad, when there is procedure laid down in the Code of Criminal Procedure as to what steps are to be taken, and in what manner, if an FIR is refused registration by police.”    

                                On the contrary, it is then brought out in para 5 that, “Mr. Anil Kumar, learned senior counsel for respondent No. 5 submits that the petitioner has cheated the respondent No. 5, as some of the materials have been kept/withhold by the petitioner and thus, offence under Section 406 IPC is made out. He further submits that when an offence is made out, FIR cannot be quashed.”

                  To put things in perspective, it is then pointed out in para 6 that, “This is a petition in which, an FIR is sought to be quashed. The law is well settled on this issue. The Hon’ble Supreme Court in the case of State of Haryana and Ors. Vs. Bhajan Lal and Ors. reported in (1992) Suppl. 1 SCC 335 (2014) 3 SCC 151 has held that when an offence is made out, the FIR cannot be quashed. The Court has to see as to whether from perusal of the FIR, any offence is made out or not.”

                                        While elaborating on the details of FIR, it is then observed in para 7 that, “I have gone through the FIR. The informant has stated in the FIR that he had a business relationship with M/s Kameshwar Alloys & Steel Pvt. Ltd., Gola. He submits that the petitioner is the director of M/s Kameshwar Alloys. It is further stated that he was having business transaction with the accused persons since the year 2010 till January 2015. He stated that 40 pieces of Oxygen Cylinder and 26 pieces of commercial Gas Cylinder have been kept by the petitioner, which have not been returned. The value of the materials would be Rs. 6,60,000/-. He also submits that neither the amount has been paid nor the cylinders have been returned. This is the sum and substance of the written report, on whose basis, FIR has been registered.”

                            As is quite ostensible, it is then made clear in para 8 that, “From perusal of the aforesaid written report, it is clear that there was business relationship between the parties. This business relationship continued from the year 2010. The materials were kept by the petitioner, valued at Rs. 660,000/-. It is the case of the informant that the said amount has not been paid to him by the petitioner. FIR has been registered under Section 406, 420 and 34 IPC.”

                                           For the sake of brevity, what is mainly mentioned in para 9 apart from mentioning that Section 406 IPC prescribes punishment for criminal breach of trust and criminal breach of trust has been defined under Section 405 IPC is that, “In this case, even if there is allegation that the materials were entrusted to the petitioner, but there is no allegation that the materials were dishonestly misappropriated or has been converted to the use of the petitioner. The ingredient of Section 405 IPC is missing in the instant case.”  

                                         To say the least, it is then stated in para 11 that, “From the facts narrated in the FIR, I find that there is no element which attracts Section 415 IPC. Admittedly there was business transaction between the parties since the year 2010 to 2015. The intention to cheat by the petitioner cannot be derived from perusal of the instant FIR. The Hon’ble Supreme Court in the case of Dalip Kaur Vs. Jagnar Singh, reported in (2009) 14 SCC 696 has held that there has to be an intention to cheat from the very beginning of the transaction. While I go through the written report, I find that there is no such pleading to that effect. In absence of this pleading, it can safely be held that there is no application of Section 415 IPC in the instant case.”

                               Going forward, it is then illustrated in para 12 that, “The Hon’ble Supreme Court in the case of Binod Kumar and Others Vs. State of Bihar and Another reported in (2014) 10 SCC 663 has held that civil liability cannot be converted into criminal liability. The Hon’ble Supreme Court has also held that by doing so, the power as well as the process of the court is abused. The Hon’ble Supreme Court has also held that the criminal proceeding are not the short cut for other remedies. In the aforesaid judgment, the Hon’ble Supreme Court has taken into consideration several judgments on the same line, which has been delivered by the Hon’ble Supreme Court.”

                         To put it succinctly, it is then held in para 13 that, “Considering the principles laid down by the Hon’ble Supreme Court, I find in the facts and circumstances that even if the FIR is taken on the face value, no offence punishable under Sections 420 and 406 IPC is made out. A simple money claim, arising out of a continuing business transaction, has been given the colour of criminal case, which is nothing but an abuse of the process of law.”

                                As things stand, it is then stated in para 14 in simple and straight language that, “In view of the aforesaid facts and the principle, which has been laid down by the Hon’ble Supreme Court, I find that continuation of criminal proceeding against the petitioner will be an abuse of the process of the Court. I, therefore, exercising the jurisdiction under Article 226 of the Constitution of India, quash the FIR in connection with Ramgarh P.S. Case No. 300 of 2018, registered for the offence under Section 406, 420 and 34 IPC, pending before the court of learned Chief Judicial Magistrate, Ramgarh.”

                       Most significantly, it is then held in para 15 that, “Before parting, I find that the FIR was registered at the direction of the “Mukhya Mantri Jansanbad Kendra” (the Chief Minister Public Hearing Cell) as the informant made a complaint to that Cell, when the FIR was not being registered. This document is the part of the FIR and from perusal of the same, I find that there was a direction by that Cell on 25.12.2017 to register the FIR. Further several directions were given by the said Cell, which would be apparent from pages 26, 27 and 28 of the FIR. Not only direction but the matter was supervised by the said Cell. If a written complaint is placed before a police officer wherein cognizable offence is alleged, the Officer cannot refuse to refuse to register the same as FIR. If there is refusal or negligence on the part of the police in registering the same, the remedy lies in Code of Criminal Procedure. The complainant/informant can send the complaint to the Superintendent of Police or to the Higher Authority praying therein to register the same. He even has the option to file a complaint before the court of competent jurisdiction. There is no provision in law to approach “Mukhya Mantri Jansanbad Kendra’’, which is absolutely a non-statutory body nor having being vested with any power under Cr.P.C. Further the said “Mukhya Mantri Jansanbad Kendra’’ has got no jurisdiction to direct the police official to register an FIR and have no power to monitor the same. Thus, the “Mukhya Mantri Jansanbad Kendra’’ has absolutely acted beyond jurisdiction and usurped the power, which was not vested in it by the Cr.P.C. This type of usurping of power by the said Cell is deprecated.’’

                                  Be it noted, it is then stated in para 16 that, “Let a copy of this order be forwarded to the Chief Secretary of the State and the Advocate General, Jharkhand High Court, Ranchi, for looking into the matter and taking proper action in this matter.’’ Lastly, it is then held in the last para 17 that, “With the aforesaid direction and observation, this criminal writ petition stands allowed.’’

                                  On a concluding note, it needs no Albert Einstein to conclude that what Justice Ananda Sen of Jharkhand High Court has directed makes sense and must be complied with forthwith in totality. Hemant Soren who is the Chief Minister of Jharkhand must act swiftly and comply with what has been directed as mentioned above! There can be no denying or disputing it!

Sanjeev Sirohi, Advocate,

s/o Col BPS Sirohi,

A 82, Defence Enclave,

Sardhana Road, Kankerkhera,

Meerut – 250001, Uttar Pradesh.

5 Tips to Succeed in Group Discussion

Picture Courtesy: Google

Group discussion is one of the important procedures that each sector follows. If you are trying to get in a professional sector, or a good institution for studies, group discussion plays an important role. While you are participating in a group discussion, you have to know how to think rationally, how to behave, how to present yourself, etc. There are some guidelines that you should maintain during the GD which will pave the way to success.
Here are 5 tips for group discussion
Rational thinking
Thinking rational endorses the quality of flexibility and neutrality. One must not be too biased to some points rather can move backward and forward to balance. One should admit the good sides and bad sides of the topic given and also should support other participants’ views. Have to act professionally with politeness without being aggressive.
Leadership
If you start the GD, it is best for you, because it gives leadership quality. So, it’s important to take the charge. Try to introduce a topic and put a framework and leave the topic for others to discuss. Always give your opinion at the end. Not only the beginning, you have to take care of the end of the discussion also. In the end, try to summarize the topic, but all the highlighted points which have been discussed during the session.
Flexibility
One can’t remain rigid to a point. There is no space to prove your self by establishing your points. It’s not a debate. You have to put forward the logical counterparts without aggressiveness. Do not endorse negativity. Do not always look for the chances for yourself to talk, sometimes talk for the others also. If you see one hasn’t talked or couldn’t participate, try to squeeze chances for those also.
Awareness
Be aware of what others saying. Note down the points about what others saying and discuss those or take reference from those when your time to talk. Try to remember and take other candidates’ names. At the beginning of the introduction write down the name of the candidates to that later you can address amidst the discussion. It makes the discussion more effective and interactive.
Take initiative
Beginning the topic, leaving a framework, or ending by summarizing it is not enough. Always be aware of the fact that if anyone is deviating the topic. Refrain to others from doing that and show them the right path. Help others to initiate the conversation. If you feel that someone from the candidates is being nervous, help the person out. Moreover, serve points to those who can’t make it own.
These are the five best points that you can remember while taking participation in a group discussion. GD is held not only to judge the knowledge scale by putting a bunch of people in the same plane, but it also a method to judge the personality, managing sense, absorbing power, understanding power, and absorbing quality of other’s thought. So, whenever you go for a group discussion, remember the discussion is not for providing your knowledge but your personality.

5 Tips for Good Photography

Picture Courtesy: Google

We can’t stop the flow of time, but we can freeze the moments by clicking some good pictures. Now many of us can think about how to make a good picture. Satisfaction in photography comes after long hard work. Now let’s know some tips to make good photography.

Lighting

Lighting and exploitation of lighting are very important for good photography. Backlighting always gives an amazing feel. But if you are doing backlighting in natural light, your photo might get overexposed. So, you can use a bouncer or can set you a subject where you can have a building or big field behind your subject. Off-camera flash can help a lot. Side lighting is an excellent factor in photography which presents a good balance between light and shadow.

Posing

You have to choose how your subject can pose to maintaining the atmosphere. Not all poses might not be done by your subject perfectly or candidly. So, it might felt them awkward and the natural outcome can be disturbed. The candid photo always admirable. So, try to suggest or give good poses. In wedding photography, you can exploit the window. Posing your bride against the window gives an elite effect in photography.

Time

Time is very important. Different rules get followed during night photography and day photography. It is wise to choose the golden hour. The time one hour after sunrise or one hour before sunset. Try to avoid the mid-day photoshoots when the sun at the top of your head it creates eye pockets and many overexposed photos.

Tools

Choose good tools. To collect with the minute details one can use microlenses. But in portrait photography, one can use mid lenses which is better. Carry reflectors to avoid underexposed or overexposed photographs. It also helps to fill the light. One must carry a spare camera so that you can continue your work even if one gets damaged. Carrying a tripod can give stability to your photography. Use diffuser, lens caps, etc. to control the light and atmosphere of the photograph.

Story

We know a photograph can tell a thousand stories. So, before you click a photo, you have to think that what message you are going to send or want to send. If you can’t tell a story people won’t like it because all we want to relate ourselves with each creative thing. We expect to know the story which the frame reflects. So, try to tell a story with your photos.
Not only on special occasions, we click photos for active participation in social media also. But most importantly we like to save our moments in the frame so that we can recall our times. If a photograph doesn’t look good you won’t feel the goodness of the time because the bad photography can distract you from taking the time out from your memory archive and nourish it. You might not be a photographer, but it is also not that tough to be one. If you have a good understanding of light, pose, and capability of telling stories, you can conquer the frame.

Let you be your ultimate master!

We all have at least one person in our life, may it be your life partner, parents, friends or whoever it is, who are always keen to take decisions on behalf of ourselves.When I say ‘decision’, it belongs everything ranging from setting your future goals to just opting the color of your outfit. And most of the time, we simply let them do it because of the emotional bond we share between them or simply because we just don’t want to hurt them. Now, in between this complicated structure we often forget that it is our valuable life that we are sacrificing. And personally, I have encountered myriads of people who definitely don’t see a wrong in it. May be they are not realizing what they are missing, that is the freedom to stand up for ourselves, or may be they just don’t care to dedicate their life to someone’s hand. With all that being said, an irrefutable question still remains: ‘do we really have to owe our entire life to somebody?’ Well, if you ask me, we don’t have to!

How do you feel to be somebody’s puppet?

This lack of self dependence is more prominent in relationships. I have seen people who ask their partners permission and consents before doing what they want to do. People might think it is the right thing to do and it has to be true since this kind of act is quite common in every relationship that you see around. But, there is an inevitable aspect that you often don’t recognize is that the things which are common in nature doesn’t have to be right always. Now, let me enlighten my point precisely. There is nothing wrong in seeking suggestions and asking for opinions but make sure you are the one who takes the ultimate decision on your matter. Being in relationships can sometimes crush your self respect, self love and dignity just with a common manifestation termed ‘adjusting’. Well, it can be good when it comes to understanding and respect others believes and values. But it should never ever possess the power of changing you. Always love the way you are and realize the fact that you don’t have to change for somebody else. You have the definite capability and power to stand up for yourselves and decide what goes best for you. Listen to yourself because self love does matter.

COVID-19 recovery rate improves to 60.85 pct in country

The Union Government today said, a total of four lakh 24 thousand 433 people affected with Coronavirus have recovered in the country so far. In the past 24 hours, 15 thousand 350 people  recovered from COVID-19 and with this, the recovery rate reached to 60.85 per cent.

The Health and Family Welfare Ministry said, a total of 24 thousand 248 new cases of COVID-19 were reported in the country during the last 24 hours taking the total number of cases to six lakh 97 thousand 413. In a single day, 425 deaths were reported taking the nationwide toll to 19 thousand 693. Presently, the total number of active Corona cases in the country is two lakh 53 thousand 287.

Meanwhile, the Indian Council of Medical Research, ICMR said that a total of one lakh 80 thousand 596 tests of Corona virus samples were conducted by the various laboratories in the country in the last 24 hours. So far, 99 lakh 69 thousand 662 tests have been conducted.

ICMR is continuously scaling up its testing facilities for COVID-19 by giving approval to government and private laboratories. As of now, total one thousand one hundred five laboratories across India have been given approval to conduct the test for COVID-19 including 788 government laboratories and 317 private laboratory chains.

PRIVATE SECTOR IN RAILWAYS.

Indian Railways has launched the process of opening up train operations to private entities on 109 Origin Destination (OD) pairs of routes using 151 modern trains.

It has invited Request for Qualifications proposals, for scrutiny of vendor capabilities, from those who can bring modern trains for operations on existing rail infrastructure. The Railway Board has set a tentative schedule for private train operations, expected to begin in 2023 and in 12 clusters.

The present invitation for private operators to submit qualification bids for 151 trains would be, in the assessment of the Railway Board, only for a fraction of the total train operations — 5% of the 2,800 Mail and Express services operated by Indian Railways.

Tejas trains

Earlier, in 2019, the Indian Railway Catering and Tourism Corporation Limited (IRCTC), in which the government is the majority shareholder, was given pilot Tejas trains operations in the New Delhi-Lucknow, and Mumbai-Ahmedabad sectors. These were the first trains allowed to be run by a ‘non-Railway’ operator.

The present move takes another step towards competing passenger train operations, bringing new-generation trains and attracting investments of an estimated ₹30,000 crore.

Bibek Debroy committee?

In 2015, the expert panel chaired by Bibek Debroy constituted by the Ministry of Railways, recommended that the way forward for the railways was “liberalisation and not privatisation” in order to allow entry of new operators “to encourage growth and improve services.”

VP M Venkaiah Naidu, PM Modi pay tributes to Dr Syama Prasad Mookerjee on birth anniversary

Vice President M Venkaiah Naidu and Prime Minister Narendra Modi have paid tribute to the nationalist leader Dr. Syama Prasad Mookerjee on his birth anniversary today.

In a series of tweets, Mr Naidu said, he was an accomplished barrister, philosopher and educationist of great repute. Vice President said, Syama Prasad Mookerjee was a great patriot who fought relentlessly to preserve national unity and total integration of Jammu and Kashmir into India. Mr Naidu said, his love for motherland will always remain an inspiration for every Indian.

Prime Minister Narendra Modi said, Syama Prasad Mookerjee made exemplary contributions towards India’s development. He said, Syama Prasad Mookerjee made courageous efforts to further India’s unity. The Prime Minister said, his thoughts and ideals give strength to millions across the nation.

Information and Broadcasting Minister Prakash Javadekar also paid tribute to Syama Prasad Mookerjee. In a tweet, Mr Javadekar said, he was an eminent nationalist leader who laid down his life for the unity and integrity of India.

Indian Air Force joins locust control operations in Rajasthan

Indian Air Force has joined locust control operations in Rajasthan. An IAF’s Mi-17 helicopter sprayed pesticides over large swathes of desert land in Jodhpur district yesterday, the first such instance in the history of the air force.  

A private helicopter, hired by the Agriculture Ministry, had started locust control operations on Saturday carrying out its first sortie in the desert areas of Banda in Jaisalmer.

Centre has stepped up efforts and is using the latest technology and equipment like drones and Bell helicopters to control the menace.

India is facing the worst-ever locust attacks in three decades. Swarms of the marauding pests have been witnessed in various districts of Rajasthan, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh and Haryana.

The UN’s Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) has said that India should remain on “high ” during the next four weeks. It said, locust swarms that have traveled as far as Nepal are expected to return to Rajasthan and join other swarms coming from Pakistan and Iran for the breeding season this month. 

Air India to operate 36 flights between India, US under Vande Bharat Mission from July 11

Air India will operate 36 flights between the United States and India from July 11 to July 19 under the Vande Bharat Mission. In a statement, Air India said, tickets may be booked through Air India website only from 8 pm today.

Under the fourth phase of the Vande Bharat Mission, Air India will operate 170 flights connecting India with Canada, the US, the UK, Kenya, Sri Lanka, Philippines, Kyrgyzstan, Saudi Arabia, Bangladesh, Thailand, South Africa, Russia, Australia, Myanmar, Japan, Ukraine, and Vietnam.

India had resumed domestic passenger flight operations from May 25, 2020, after a gap of two months due to the coronavirus-induced lockdown across the country. But International Air travel is suspended as of now.

India’s aviation regulator Directorate General of Civil Aviation (DGCA) has announced that International air travel to and from India will remain suspended till July 31.

All centrally protected monuments to open from today in non- containment zones

Government has decided to open all the Centrally protected monuments by completely abiding with safety protocols from today.

Union Tourism Minister Prahlad Singh Patel has said, only those monuments and museums which are in the non-containment zones will be opened for visitors. He said, all Centrally protected monuments and sites will be bound by the protocols like sanitization, social distancing and other health protocols issued by the Health Ministry. Mr. Patel said, any specific orders of the State and District Administration shall also be strictly implemented. Our correspondent reports that these monuments were closed in the wake of COVID-19 pandemic.
         
A total of three thousand 691 Centrally protected monuments come under the Archaeological Survey of India. Out of which, 820 monuments which have places of worship were opened on 8th of last month. The entry tickets will be issued by e-mode only and no physical tickets will be issued. Only digital payment is allowed at parkings and cafeterias. All Sound and Light Shows and film shows at monuments will remain suspended. The visitors have to follow social distancing and use of face cover or mask is mandatory.

Thermal scanning provisions and hand hygiene at the entrance is mandatory. Only asymptomatic persons will be allowed to enter the premises. No group photography, food and eatables will be allowed inside the premises. 

Position of interstate trade in india

Introduction

“Democracy is the art and science of mobilising the entire physical, economic and spiritual resources of various sections of the people in the service of the common good of all.” To an extent the Article 301 of the Indian Constitution could be said to the derived or influenced from such a philosophy with the objective to protect the National integrity and unity with the help of hassle free flow of trade throughout the country. An intention to unify different fields and different regions with the help of this freedom guaranteed in Art. 301 Even then for all practical purposes this freedom could not have remained absolute in order to ensure that a privatized market Grab economy does not further exploit the already starving population of India. Therefore this freedom was made subject to the other provisions of this Part (Part XIII). But as the researcher proceeds with the analysis of the position of inter-state trade it becomes clear that these provision which act as restrictions on this freedom bestowed by Article 301 is been severely hinders it . And therefore the Concept of Free Trade as envisaged by the constitution makers has remained a concept only with the amount of barriers and complications involved in interstate trade today. The free flow of trade and commerce are sine qua for the economic enhancement domestically as well as internationally has not given to the Indian Markets. The European Union is an amazing example of such a trade union which has opened up trade barriers among the countries of the union and has shown dramatic advancement in the field of trade and commerce. It is time for India to overhaul its current taxing system and central as well as state policy towards free trade.

Thus in this project the researcher will analyse the case laws which are responsible for the current position of the interstate trade and also the effect of Part XIII on them to determine how effective the provisions have been to strike a balance between the economic development and advancement of the country on one hand and the protection of the majority who were likely to the exploited and starved if the free market was allowed to thrive at the whims of capitalists.

An Analysis Of The Provisions And The Case Laws

The Constitution Makers have borrowed the concept of freedom of trade from the Australian constitution (Section 92) but the Indian version has a couple of changes in the scope of its application, and they are

  1. that the freedom guaranteed is not limited to among the states but ‘throughout the territory of India’ and,
  2. the privilege of trade being free is not qualified by the adverb ‘absolutely’ as in the Australian constitution.

And the reasons for these changes in the adaptation of this Article, from the Australian constitution, lies in the rest of the Articles of the Part XIII starting from Article 302 till 307. The Freedom is not absolute as the rest of the provisions impose several restrictions and exceptions to this freedom. Another very important aspect of the Part XIII of the Constitution is that it is not subject to any other part or provision of this constitution. In the simplest sense any kind of tax that is levied on any particular activity which involves interstate transaction can be taken to be a restriction on the freedom of trade. But as taxes are also necessary for the functioning of the Centre and the State all of them cannot be treated as restrictions violating the Article 301. This question was first brought up in the Atiabari case in which the Apex court held that tax laws are not outside the scope of ‘the Freedom’. And therefore the Assam State Legislature had to amend the provision as to meet the requirements of the exception in Article 304(b) so that the tax that it imposed did not amount to a direct and immediate impact of the movement of the goods. This case has also gone into the historical background of the Making of this constitution in which it discusses that the makers of the Constitution were fully aware of the fact that economic unity was an absolute prerequisite for the stability and progress of the federal polity. Considering the possibility that there might be several political parties in the future, unlike the only congress majority then, with different ideologies and following different ‘isms’ for pursuing socio-economic goals is likely to give rise to a mechanism wherein the regional pull (by regions with higher influence) will affect the economic policy which in turn will have negative impact on the overall development of the economy of the nation as a whole. Thus the object of Part XIII to avoid such a possibility and to ensure that the political freedom won and political unity which had been accomplished by the Constitution, had to be sustained and strengthened by the bond of economic unity. But this harsh approach towards the taxing power of the state was later review by a larger bench in the Automobiles case. Therefore to ensure that this freedom of trade did not evolve to be an absolute one legitimate restrictions like compensatory taxes or regulatory measures will not be taken into account as restrictions hampering the trade and thus would stay out of the purview of the Article 301. The court also dilated further on the issue raised in Atiabari about the problem of economic integration due to diversity in several fields. The two questions however stood out:

“ first that how to achieve a federal, economic and fiscal integration, so that economic policies affecting the interests of India as a whole could be carried out without putting an ever-increasing strain on the unity of India, particularly in the context of a developing economy. And 2nd that how to foster the development of areas which were under-developed without creating too many preferential or discriminative barriers”

“first, in the larger interests of India there must be free flow of trade, commerce and intercourse, both inter-State and inter-State; second, the regional interests must not be ignored altogether; and third, there must be a power of intervention by the Union in any case of crisis to deal with particular problems that may arise in any part of India.

Scope Of Articles 301, 302 & 304 Vis-A-Vis Compensatory Tax:

Considering the above doctrine dilated by court, it is clear that whenever a law is challenged on the ground of violation of Art. 301, the court has also to determine the effects of the operation of the impugned law on inter/intra state trade in addition to applying the doctrine of pith and substance to determine the basis of the Levy.The Vijayalakshmi Rice Mills Case is another recent case which deals with the ability of the state legislatures to the levy of cess without violating Art. 301. It was contended that the cess levied under the Act (Andhra Pradesh Rural Development Act, 1996) did not correspond to any of the entries in List II or III of the Seventh Schedule and this rendered the cess invalid andmoreover the there was no quid pro quo in the levy of cess, and hence could not be said to be a fee. On the argument of the respondent that it was in fact a fee and therefore it came under Entry 66 of List II. But the court on this ground made it clear that co-relationship between the totality of the fee and the totality of expenses of the services was indispensible even though mathematical precision wasn’t necessary between the service rendered and the fee realised. Thus a fee levied for rendering to the service of rural development was held viable and the validity of the act was upheld. Thus with this position of the case laws on the Freedom of trade and commerce, the following is the likely procedure to be followed while deciding a case. First is to check whether the law, be it taxation or non-taxation, violates the Freedom in Art. 301. And to do that first it is necessary to know the scope of operation of such law, whether the operation of the act of that law affects movement of trade, commerce or intercourse throughout the country.

If it is so then the next question is: What is the effect effect of operation of the law on the freedom guaranteed under Article 301? If the effect is to facilitate free flow of trade and commerce then it is regulation and if it is to impede or burden the activity, then the law is a restraint. After finding the law to be a restraint/restriction one has to see whether the impugned law is enacted by the Parliament or the State Legislature

GST: To Strengthen The Unified And Integrated Domestic Trade.

The Goods and Service Tax Bill which was supposed to be enacted by now is still pending as a bill due to various complications. The GST if enacted would have drastically impacted the inter-state trade and it is likely so that whenever in the future the GST will be enacted it will do its job. One of the several advantages of the GST is that it will not only replace the existing Sales tax by central and the state governments but also subsume most of the indirect taxes on the supply of goods and services. It includes central excise duties, additional custom duties, cesses levied by the union and surcharges in case of the Centre. And in case of the States it would replace purchase tax, state excise duty, luxury tax, octroi, entry tax in lieu of octroi. Under the GST regime the CST was to be reduced to zero by 1st April of this year! But the States have lobbied against it as after that the Centre alone would levy IGST and the exporting state will transfer to the centre the credit of SGST used in the payment of the IGST Purohit in his article says that the implementation of the IGST mechanism would prove to be a daunting task as all statewise exports and imports would have to be recorded. Moreover he says that “the importing state will have to give set-off as soon as the import takes place and will get it back only after a delay of a month or so. Given the fiscal scenario of the states today, the states exporting goods may not find it possible to fulfil their commitment to transfer the tax amount promptly to the central pool.”

Thus this model seems to be built on various assumptions which might require more time, efforts and planning than anticipated.

Kerala extends COVID-19 regulations till July 2021; Week-long lockdown comes into force in Thiruvananthapuram

The Kerala government has amended the State Epidemic Disease Ordinance to extend the Covid-control regulations  till July 2021. This means, people will have to wear masks, maintain social distancing and avoid large gatherings till July 2021. The District Collectors have been instructed to ensure due compliance of the regulations.

Meanwhile, the week-long stringent lockdown in Thiruvananthapuram came into force this morning. The shutdown comes after the capital city recorded 22 of the 38 Covid-19 patients who were infected through local transmission in the state yesterday. The state has been seeing a surge in coronavirus cases through unknown sources of infections, especially in the capital.

All roads, except for an entry and exit road, leading to the capital will be shut. Grocery stores, banks, medical stores, hospitals and other essential services, will be allowed. But all other non-essential services will be shut.

All public transport will be shut in the city. The state’s official headquarters, called Secretariat, will also be shut.

The shutdown will be a triple lockdown. The Lock-I will restrict movement of all people in the district. The Lock-II will be enforced in hotspots of infection, where people will be mandatorily asked to stay-at-home. And the Lock-III will be enforced in the houses of primary and secondary contacts of covid-19 patients to be in compulsory room-quarantine.