Category: book reviews

VELOFEL SOUTH AFRICA

A healthy sex life is an important part of relationships, as well as your life. It is very important for your body to feel happy and content in order to free your mind from all sorts of stresses. Today’s generation is leading a sedentary lifestyle wherein they are under continuous stress. To relieve your mind of unnecessary stress, you need to relax your body sexually. In addition to this, it is a key factor in building and maintaining a good relationship. With time, men face different sexual problems. They face problems such as erectile dysfunction, premature ejaculation, insufficient erectness of penis, low sexual urge etc. All these issues are nothing to worry about and absolutely natural and experienced by a large population of men. But unfortunately, these issues may perturb the relationship of men with their partners. This lowers their confidence and thus, ends many relationships.
To your surprise, there’s no need to worry anymore as we here introduce a product that will transform your sexual life from poor to excellent. It’s called as Velofel. It is a completely natural and herbal formulation which improves the quality of your sexual life and along with it resolves any sort of problem. It works like magic and improves your performance in an unimaginable way. Velofel aims to improve your sexual capacity in a way which adds to your partner’s pleasure and automatically yours too. This product is the doctors’ current favourite.

About Velofel South Africa

Velofel is a new male enhancement supplement brought in the market to solve all the sexual tensions faced by men. It is a 100% natural and herbal supplement which solves all the problems faced by men in bed. It works to solve the root cause of the problem which is low production of the hormone, testosterone. Testosterone is the hormone which is responsible for sexual urges and performance. This product identifies and rectifies the factors hindering production of testosterone. Low testosterone levels are cause of problems like brokenness, erectile dysfunction, and inadequate hardness of penis, low sexual urge and many more. These problems are very disturbing for a relationship and can lead to the end of any. So, sexual problems should not be taken lightly and brought into consideration. There are many people who are shy of admitting and treating issues with self, this is nothing to be hesitant for. With increasing age, facing any sort of sexual issue is completely normal and happens to everybody. Instead of bottling it up, open up and treat it using Velofel.

The ingredients present in the formulation work to naturally increase the testosterone levels and solve all the issues. If you use the product regularly without any skip, it improves your libido levels. This product will bring back the beast in you and offer you a long lasting experience in bed. Velofel is nothing less than a boon for men struggling with sex. It adds spark to their dull quick sessions by completely fulfilling sexual desires of men as well as their partners. It in turn makes their relationship stronger and more fruitful.

MECHANISM OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF ANTIBIOTICS

Antibacterial Drugs are classified according to their site of action which are as follows :

CELL WALL SYNTHESIS INHIBITORS
There are 3 different mechanisms by which anti-cell wall drugs work and thus they are also classified as following:

  1. First classification involves the drugs that directly interact with Penicillin-Binding-Proteins (PBPs) and inhibit the transpeptidase activity which in turn inhibits the attachment of newly formed peptidoglycan subunit to the pre-existing one.
    This is the main mechanism of β-lactam antibiotics. These antibiotics include Penicillin (penams), cephalosporins, Penems, Carbapenems, and monobactams.
    These antibiotics bind to the penicillin-binding proteins which are enzymes present in the bacterial cell wall. Different β-lactam antibiotics bind in a different way. After the antibiotics bind to the enzyme, it changes the morphological response of the bacteria to the antibiotic.
  2. Second classification involves the drugs that bind to the peptidoglycan subunit, blocking different processes.
    The important class of compounds called as glycopeptides are mainly involved in this mechanism of anti-cell wall antibiotics.
    Vancomycin and Teicoplanin are the major examples of glycopeptide antibiotics.
    Vancomycin kills only gram-poitive bacteria whereas Teicoplanin is active against both. The overall mode of action of glycopeptides antibiotics is blocking transpeptidation i.e. similar to β-lactam antibiotics, they also inhibit the transpeptidase activity, and transglycosylation i.e. they being large in size attach to the peptidoglycan subunits thus creating a blockage which does not allow the cell wall subunits to attach to the growing peptidoglycan backbone.
  3. Third classification involves the drugs that block the transport of peptidoglycan subunits across cytoplasmic membrane.
    The main example of such type of drugs is bacitracin, which is a simple peptide antibiotic originally isolated from Bacillus subtilis.
    The mode of action of these class of drugs is blocking the activity of specific cell membrane lipid carriers which act as the attachment surface for peptidoglycan precursors and help in their movement from cell cytoplasm to exterior of the cell. This activity of lipid carriers is inhibited by bacitracin like drugs and they finally prevent the incoroporation of those precursors into cell wall thus inhibiting its biosynthesis.

Although, its route of administration is mostly oral or intramuscular, bacitracin is also known to show its effects when used as topical ointments like Neosporin.

INHIBITORS OF PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
Protein Inhibitors can be divided into 2 parts:

  1. Inhibitors binding to 30S subunits
    • Aminoglycosides bind to the bacterial ribosome, after which they cause tRNA mismatching and thus protein mistranslation.
    This occurs by mismatching between codons and anticodons, which synthesize proteins with incorrect amino acid. This mistranslated protein, along with correctly translated proteins move into move into the periplasm where most of the mistranslated proteins are degraded and some of them are inserted into cytoplasmic membrane. This causes disruption of the membrane, ultimately killing the bacterial cells.
    • Tetracyclines are bacteriostatic and block the binding of tRNAs with the ribosome during translation thus inhibiting protein synthesis. Most of the tetracycline class of drugs are broad spectrum and are active against wide range of bacteria.
  2. Inhibitors binding to the 50S subunit
    • Macrolides are the large class of naturally produced secondary antibiotics. They are basically broad spectrum, bacteriostatic antibiotics. Their main mode of action is blocking peptide chain elongation and they inhibit the formation of peptide bond.
    Patients allergic to penicillins are recommended erythromycin which is a macrolide.
    • Lincosamides include lincomycin and clindamycin. Though they are structurally different but functionally similar to macrolides. They are specifically known to inhibit streptococcal and staphylococcal infections.
    • Chloramphenicol also inhibits peptidyl transferase reaction inhibiting peptide bond formation. It was the first broad spectrum antibiotic and is very much active against a broad range of bacterial pathogens but is very toxic and can cause side.

INHIBITORS OF MEMBRANE FUNCTION
Biological cytoplasmic membranes are basically composed of lipids, proteins and lipoproteins. The cytoplasmic membrane acts as a selective barrier which allows the transport of materials between inside the cell and the environment.
A number of antibacterial agents work by targeting the bacterial cell membrane. They basically are involved in the disorganization of the membrane. Polymyxins and Lipopeptides are the main anti- cell membrane agents.

NUCLEIC ACID SYNTHESIS INHIBITORS
These drugs inhibit nucleic acid synthesis function by either of the following:

  1. Interfere with RNA of bacterial cell
    Antibacterial drugs of this mechanism are selective against bacterial pathogenic cells.
    For example: The drug rifampin, belonging to the drug class rifamycin blocks the bacterial RNA polymerase activity. It is also active against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and thus id used in the treatment of tuberculosis infection. It also shows side effects.
  2. Interfere with DNA of bacterial cell
    There are some antibacterial agents that interfere with the activity of DNA gyrase.
    The drug class fluoroquinolones show this mechanism. They are borad spectrum antibacterial agents. Some examples of drugs in fluoroquinolone family are Ciprofloxacin, Ofloxacin, Moxifloxacin, etc

INHIBITORS OF METABOLIC PATHWAYS
There are some antibacterial drugs which act as ANTIMETABOLITES and inhibits the metabolic pathways of bacteria.
• The sulfonamides block the production of dihydrofolic acid.
This blocks the production of purines and pyrimidines required for nucleic acid synthesis by blocking the biosynthesis of folic acid. Their mechanism of action is bacteriostatic and they are broad spectrum antibacterial agents. Though humans also obtain folic acid but these drugs are selective against bacteria.
Sulfones are also structurally and functionally similar to sulfonamides.
• Trimethoprim is used in the same folic acid synthesis pathway but at a different phase, in the production of tetrahydrofolic acid.
• There is another drug, Isoniazid which is an antimetabolite only selective against mycobacteria. It can also be used to treat tuberculosis when used in combination with rifampin and streptomycin.

INHIBITORS OF ATP SYNTHASE
There is a class of drug compounds called as Diarylquinolones that are specifically active against mycobacterial growth. They block the oxidative phosphorylation process and finally leading to reduced ATP production which either kill or inhibit the growth of mycobacterial species.

How to open a Franchise without money- US…

let’s talk about to open a franchise with no money so the first thing you can do, if you want to open a franchise with no money down is go to your friends and family look. I understand that that’s something that you may not want to do sometimes that’s a toughest conversation asking friends and family for money but I would assume if you’re willing to open a franchise and you have some skill sets you have a certain level of intelligence and a certain level of ambition so assuming that you have a good reputation and a good rapport with your friends and family then that’s the first place that you can go to get money to fund your franchise.

hamburger and fries photo
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Now when you’re approaching them for the money it’s important to be tactical and strategic about it and you don’t just say hey! can I borrow ten thousand dollars can I borrow twenty thousand dollars can I have fifty thousand dollars you have to go into it strategically so go into it with a business plan this is the franchise that I want to buy this is the amount of money that I need to get started this is a lot the amount of money that I think I will make with the franchise this is the time period which I can pay the money back to you and get on that loan repayment plan, another way to approach getting money from feds and friends and family to fund your franchise is to ask them to be a partner with you so although they may not want to work in the franchise themselves maybe they’re more willing to give you money or lend you money for the franchise if they are an owner or an investor with you so maybe you’re the one that runs the franchise and you handle the day-to-day operations the sales managing the staff managing the overall business and they get a percentage of the profits as a way of paying them back.

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The next way that you can fund a franchise is to get a loan and before you read about that real quick with the franchise so now in getting a loan to open a franchise business it’s important to note that one you’re going to need to have good credit and two you’re going to need to have an income that can support paying back. The loan and three the likelihood is you are still going to need money for the down payment on that loan if you get us an SBA loan which is Small Business Administration they require a minimum of 10% down from you in order to fund that business so what does that mean if you need $100,000 for your franchise business then that means you need to come up with $10,000 in order to here that loan so the question is how will you come up with that $10,000 and there’s a number of options that we’ll go over in a second of how you can do that one way you can do that is what we already talked about which is getting money from friends or family it’s so even with the Small Business Administration having a ten percent minimum requirement that you have to put towards the loan in order to open a business.

white and blue come on in we ere open signage
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Most lenders that issue SBA loans are going to require anywhere from 20% to 30% in order for you to secure that loan so again in that example if you’re looking to open up a business that’s a total of $100,000 you’re going to have to figure out a way to come up with twenty to thirty thousand dollars in order to secure that loan and so in a second I’m going to tell you about a strategy of exactly how you can do that without having to ask your friends or family for money another way that you can fund a franchise without having any money so to say is seeing if you have any 401k or retirement plans now as someone who has managed over a hundred million dollars over the course of career as a financial advisor typically. I would not recommend for someone to take money out of their 401k and that’s not what I’m recommending to you. So, I want to make sure that you get that clear because there are severe penalties and tax consequences that you should consult the tax advisor about but there are ways that you can leverage your 401k so if you’re still working with your employer you can take out a loan against your 401k in order to fund a business and when you take out a loan there’s one thing that you have to be very careful about the thing that you have to be careful about is that if you leave that employer and you have an outstanding loan they are going to make you repay that loan within a certain period of time usually it’s 60 days if that is the case if you don’t come up with the money and repay the loan for the 401k they count it as an early distribution you’re going to have to pay taxes on that money depending upon if it’s a pre-tax 401k and you may have to pay some penalties. 2 guys opened up first location they were going to need 300 just over $300,000 in order to get first location open so they had a significant equity in their home at that time and want to went ahead and apply for a home equity loan they secured a three hundred and ten thousand dollar home equity loan use that home equity loan to fund the business and to pay for the business about a year or so later they actually wind up moving they sold their house the home equity loan was paid for paid off and now they own the franchise in the business completely outright don’t have any loans on the business and then the last way that you can potentially buy or open a franchise with absolutely no money is to talk to the franchiser again it’s not about the resources it’s about your resourcefulness so it never hurts to ask them and to make a pitch if you’re truly excited and confident about the opportunity.

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Image source: AZ quotes

EFFECT OF BRANDING ON CUSTOMER PURCHASE DECISION

Branding is the process of giving a name or a sign or a symbol to a product.
One of the most important decisions that a marketer has to take in selling a product is in respect of branding. He/ She has to decide whether the firm’s product will be marketed under a brand name or a generic name.
Generic name refers to the name of the class of the product. If the products were sold by their generic names, it would be difficult for the marketers to distinguish their products from that of competitors. Therefore, most of the marketers give a name to their products, which helps in identifying and distinguishing their products from the competitors products.

As the traditional marketing tools and techniques has been replaced by the modern marketing tools and techniques and the number of factories of every good has now been increased, the producer tries to make their product different from other producer of the same product. These things give birth to a new marketing dimension and new era of marketing by the emergence of BRANDING.
In olden days, the brands were just a mark, sign or some sort of numbers to differentiate their goods. The brand then builds many function which creates the value in the mind of the customer. Like the advertisement, which is the function of the branding and it creates a unique association and memory link in the minds of customers on one side and on the other hand, it creates the demand for your goods and services as it attracts the customer, it creates awareness about your production and also educate the customer about the use of goods and services.

ADVANTAGES OF BRANDING
To the marketers

  1. Enables making product differentiation.
  2. Ease in introduction of new product.
  3. Differential pricing.
  4. Helps in advertising and display programs.
    To the customers
  5. Helps in product identification.
  6. Ensures quality.
  7. Status symbol.

CHARACTERISTICS OF A GOOD BRAND NAME

  1. A brand name should be short, easy to pronounce, spell, recognize and remember.
  2. A brand name should suggest the product’s benefits and qualities. It should be appropriate to the product’s function.
  3. A brand name should be distinctive.
  4. Chosen name should have staying power i.e., it should not het out of date.
  5. The brand name should be sufficiently versatile to accommodate new products, which are added to the product line.
  6. It should be adaptable to packaging or labelling requirements, to different advertising media and to different languages.
  7. It should be capable of being registered and protected legally.

Brand image is positive and creates many customers and build strong customers relationship with them and maintain loyalty. But if the brand image is negative, it will be harmful as there will be no customers repetition and retention. So, firm pays a huge investment on advertisement to maintain the brand image and brand equity management programs. As brand image creates perception in customer mind so after purchase, if cognitive dissonance occurs then there is a change in customer’s behavior.
Brand association will impact the consumer buying pattern and behavior. These associations will affect your decision positively if the brand image is positive. Brand loyalty reduce the cost for the firm to retain the customer forever. A loyal customer is helpful for the firm to create new customers.
Generally, brand has greater impact on consumer buying behavior. But at local level, behavior of customer also changes due to branded products and services. Consumer buying behavior is the study of actions of consumer towards planning, purchasing and consuming goods and services.
Consumer buying decision consists of 7 steps:

  1. Need recognition
  2. Information search
  3. Pre-purchase evaluation
  4. Choose alternative
  5. Purchase consumption
  6. Post consumption evaluation
  7. Feedback
    Now, market has become too much competitive due to hyper competition in the market. The best way is to compete these conditions by developing a strong brand image. Basically, the key driver of brand equity is simply brand image. By easily remembering brand , quality production increases which leads to sales increase and makes mire profit. It is the best way which leads towards maximizing market share and to sustain competitive advantage and strong position in the market.

What to do at the time of depression!!!

If you’re depressed to feel a little bit better and I want to make sure you understand what those are but first I want to start by helping you understand what the typical signs and symptoms are:

1- One of the most common signs of depression is a feeling of sadness or irritability that is really pervasive and doesn’t seem to go away no matter what you do if you’re with friends if you’re by yourself the sadness just sort of becomes your reality irritability can also be present and this is much more typical in teens that they will present with more irritability than sadness when they’re dealing with depression.

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2- Feeling really hopeless and this can be hopeless about getting better it can be a sense of hopelessness about the future and the ability of sort of achieving your hopes and dreams and again it’s a very tough symptom to deal with because other people can tell you, know you have so much to look forward to or this great thing is happening in your life but if you’re really struggling with depression that hopeless this just kind of takes over and keeps you stuck.

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3- You should be aware of is something called anhedonia. This is really a fancy way of saying a loss of interest in things that you previously used to enjoy so for example you might really be into gardening and all of the sudden you find that no matter how many times you garden or if you try to garden there’s just not the same joy that you’re getting out of it that you used to or maybe you used to really be really social and enjoy spending time with your friends and you find that you just can’t bring yourself to get out of the house and to go and interact with these friends and it’s really difficult to deal with because it’s very hard to motivate yourself. When the things that really used to be what got you out of bed and got you ready for the day no longer hold the same enjoyment and pleasure.

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4- Either decreased concentration and/or indecision the difficulty with making decisions and this can be really difficult when you have to function either in the workplace or you have a lot of responsibilities at home because you’ll find that it’s harder to complete the tasks that you need to complete and if you do need to make decisions there’s almost like this decision paralysis where you find that you just can’t get yourself to the place of making choices.

adult alone black and white blur
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5- You should be aware of our changes in sleep and this can be either that you find yourself sleeping a lot more than you used to and having like a really hard time getting out of bed maybe you’ve never been a Napper and all of the sudden you’re taking a nap every day on the other side of the spectrum many people who are struggling with depression find that they can’t sleep that they’re racked with insomnia for the first time in their life and they’re laying in bed and their thoughts just keep running around and they’re feeling sad and they’re feeling hopeless and so either too much or too little sleep is a really cardinal sign of depression that you should be aware.

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6- You should be aware of our changes in appetite or weight and this can be either in the positive or the negative depression sometimes when people are depressed they find that they use food for comfort and end up eating a lot more than typical and gaining weight and sometimes when people are depressed they lose their appetite completely and don’t eat at all and find that they lose weight so if you’ve had any significant weight changes within the last couple months and you also have some of the other signs and symptoms we’re talking about it might be a good idea to consider that there’s some level of depression going on that you’re struggling with so another.

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7- Lastly sign of depression that we’re going to talk about today is a sense of worthlessness so and really this is very difficult for people to handle because it’s a sense that no matter what they do they’re not enough their life is not enough and it won’t ever be enough and this is such a difficult thing to be dealing with and so I think my overall message as you’re learning about these signs of depression is that if you’re experiencing these please reach out and make an appointment with a licensed professional to talk about this because this is something that can get better and you don’t need to struggle with it on your own if you think that you or someone you love might be struggling with depression please reach out and make an appointment with a licensed professional for an evaluation there are many therapeutic techniques that can help you or someone you love feel better and so I strongly encourage you not to hesitate to get the help that you need.

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Call on +91 730 459 9836 for a better help to Vandrevala Foundation if you are feeling depressed or you find someone else depressed. (https://www.vandrevalafoundation.com)

 

 

TYPHOID FEVER AND IT’S SYMPTOMS

Typhoid Fever or Typhoid is a systemic enteric infection caused by bacteria usually through ingestion of contaminated food or water. The disease is also referred by several other names such as Gastric Fever, Enteric Fever, Abdominal Typhus, Infantile Remittent Fever, Slow Fever, Nervous Fever, and Pythogenic Fever. The disease causes several symptoms causing mild to severe problems for the patients. The symptoms are generally seen from six to thirty days after exposure. Generally there is the gradual onset of high fever for several days, weakness, abdominal pain, constipation, headaches, and vomiting. Some people also develop a skin rash with red colored spots.
The cause of the disease is the bacterium Salmonella typhi which is also known as Salmonella enterica serotype typhi , mainly growing in the intestines and blood. Risk factors include poor sanitation and poor hygiene. Diagnosis of the disease is done by either culturing the bacteria or detecting the bacterium’s DNA in the blood, stool, or bone marrow. Culturing the bacterium is little bit difficult so Bone marrow testing is the mostly used method. It has been observed that a typhoid vaccine can prevent about 40-90% of the infection during the first 2-7 years. But this vaccine is always recommended for the people at high risk or travelling to the places where this disease is so common. Other efforts which can be done to prevent the disease are clean drinking water, good sanitation, and hand washing. The disease is usually treated with several antibiotics such as Azithromycin, Fluoroquinolones or third generation cephalosporins.

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
Usually, the complete course of untreated typhoid fever is divided into 4 different stages, where the each stage lasts for a week which makes the patient completely exhausted.
• In the first week, the body temperature of the patient rises slowly, and the fever fluctuations are generally seen with relative bradycardia, malaise, headache, and cough.
A bloody nose is also seen in this quarter of the disease and abdominal pain is also possible. There is also a decrease in the number of WBCs. Widal test is negative in the first week of the disease.

• In the second week, the person is often too tired to get up, with a very high fever and bradycardia is continued in this stage also with dicrotic pulse wave. In this stage, Delirium is frequent which gives the typhoid another name i.e. NERVOUS FEVER.
Rose spots also appear on the lower chest and abdomen. Rhonchi are heard in lung bases.
Diarrhea can occur in this stage : six to eight stools in a day, green, comparable to pea soup, with a characteristic foul smell. However, constipation is also frequent. The spleen and liver is enlarged and liver transaminases are elevated. Patients can still test positive.

The major symptoms of this fever is that the fever usually rises in the afternoon up to the first and second week.

• In the third week of the fever, a number of complications can occur like :
 Intestinal hemorrhage due to bleeding in congested Peyer’s patches: it can be very serious but is not usually fatal.
 Intestinal perforation in the distal ileum: this is a very serious complication and is usually fatal.
 Encephalitis.
 Respiratory diseases such as pneumonia and acute bronchitis.
 Neuropsychiatric symptoms with picking at bedclothes or imaginary objects.
 Metastatic abscesses, cholestasis, endocarditis, and osteitis.
 The fever is usually very high and oscillates very little over 24 hours. Dehydration is also caused.
 Platelet count goes down and risk of bleeding rises.

The untold story of Sushanth Singh Rajput

“Men have emotions too so don’t be shy to cry. It’s ok to let it out. It’s not weakness but a sign of strength. Be man to feel. Feeling is human.” Tweet from Sushanth Singh Rajput. People can’t beleive that the same man who tweeted can commit suicide.Being a man doesn’t mean you can’t cry or show your pain in any form. Tears and Pain is not gendercentric, as it is a form of expression by humans and all species. Have the courage to express your emotions for better.

My 50 DREAMS & counting…! 😉

  1. Learn how to Fly a Plane ✈️
  2. for IronMan triathlon 🏃🏻‍♂️
  3. Play a Cricket Match left-handed 🏏
  4. Learn Morse Code _..
  5. Help kids learn about Space. 🌌
  6. Play tennis with a Champion 🎾
  7. Do a Four Clap 👏 Push-Up !
  8. Chart trajectories of Moon, Mars, Jupiter & Saturn for a week
  9. Dive in a Blue-hole
  10. Perform the Double-Slit experiment
  11. Plant 1000 Trees
  12. Spend an evening in my Delhi College of Engineering hostel
  13. Send 💯 KIDS for workshops in ISRO/ NASA
  14. Meditate in Kailash
  15. Play Poker with a Champ
  16. Write a Book
  17. Visit CERN
  18. Paint aurora borealis
  19. Attend another NASA workshop
  20. 6 pack abs in 6 months
  21. Swim in Cenotes
  22. Teach Coding to visually impaired
  23. Spend a Week in a Jungle
  24. Understand Vedic Astrology
  25. Disneyland
  26. Visit LIGO. 🌇
  27. Raise a horse 🐎
  28. Learn at least 10 Dance forms 🕺🏾🕺🏾
  29. Work for Free Education 📚
  30. Explore Andromeda with a Powerful Telescope 🔭
  31. Learn KRIYA Yoga 🧘‍♂️
  32. Visit Antarctica 🇦🇶
  33. Help train Women in Self-defense 🥋
  34. Shoot an Active Volcano 🌋
  35. Learn how to Farm
  36. Teach dance to kids
  37. Be an Ambidextrous Archer
  38. Finish reading the entire Resnick – Halliday physics book
  39. Understand Polynesian astronomy
  40. Learn Guitar Chords of my fav. 50 songs
  41. Play Chess with a Champion
  42. Own a Lamborghini
  43. Visit St.Stephen’s Cathedral in Vienna
  44. Perform experiments of Cymatics
  45. Help prepare students for Indian Defence Forces
  46. Make a documentary on Swami Vivekananda
  47. Learn to Surf
  48. Work in AI & exponential technologies
  49. Learn Capoeira
  50. Travel through Europe by train

He last used the Twitter on December 2019 which also confirms the news of his depression from last six months.Suicide by sushant singh rajput is a grave reminder to us that you never know what a person is going through. To everyone out there who’s hurting in silence, you may not want to exist right now, but someone is happy that you do.
You are worthy.Never give up.No death note. Preliminary investigation is not yet complete. We don’t really know what has happened, let his soul rest in peace. We have to know the truth. 6 days ago, his ex-manager committed suicide. Police hasn’t ruled out anything yet.One middle class small town guy came to mumbai touched sky against all odds , inspired millions middle class but now you suddenly left , we can’t understand what pain you were going through but we will always miss you.

Did he knew what we know now. He had a list of 50 dreams which meant that he had to fulfill his dreams before he could commit suicide?

The depression we feel, the happiness we enjoy, the moments we live are temporary. Remember everything is a feeling and it doesn’t last long. You can trust anybody except yourself. Don’t become the fool who try to fool the fool within you. The love we get is the love we give. You can expect someone to treat you the same way you did to them but you can’t expect it from the life.

Life is unpredictable and can act unfair to anyone because it has a feeling that feeling is just a feeling and act cruelly. If life turns you upside down then don’t try to escape from it. You rather try to look the life in the way it expects you to look. Then life will change its way to again change you so that your life again comes to normal.

CHEMICAL AGENTS IN MICROBIAL CONTROL

The chemical agents are mostly employed in disinfection and antisepsis. The proper use of these agents is essential to laboratory and hospital safety. Many disinfectants are available and each has its own advantages and disadvantages, but ideally the disinfectant must be effective against a wide variety of infectious agents. The disinfectant must be stable upon storage, odorless, or with pleasant order, soluble in water and lipids for penetration into microorganisms, and have a low surface tension through that it can enter cracks in surfaces.

  1. Phenols
    In 1867, Joseph Lister employed it to reduce the risk of infection during operations and phenol was the first widely used antiseptic and disinfectant. Today phenol and phenolics such as cresols, xylenols, and orthophenylphenol are used as disinfectants in laboratories and hospitals. Lysol is made of a mixture of phenolics which is commercially available disinfectant. They act by denaturing proteins and disrupting cell membranes.
  2. Alcohols
    Alcohols are the most widely used disinfectant and antiseptic. They are bactericidal and fungicidal but not sporicidal. Ethanol and isopropanol are the two most popular alcohol germicides. Small instruments like thermometers can be disinfected by soaking them for 10 to 15 minutes in alcohol solutions. 70% ethanol is more effective than 95% as water is needed for proteins to coagulate.
  3. Halogens
    Halogens exist as diatomic molecules in the free state and form salt like compounds with sodium and most other metals. Iodine and chlorine are the most important antimicrobial agents. Spores can be destroyed at higher concentration. Iodine is often applied as tincture of iodine, 2% or more iodine in a water-ethanol solution of potassium iodide. Skin scars result and sometimes iodine allergies can result.
    Chlorine is mostly used as a disinfectant for municipal water supplies and swimming pools and also employed in dairy and food industry. It may be applied as chlorine gas, sodium hypochlorite or calcium hypochlorite, all of which yield hypochlorous acid and then atomic oxygen.
  4. Heavy metals
    Heavy metals such as mercury, silver, arsenic, zinc and copper were used as germicides and these have nit been most recently superseded by other less toxic and more effective germicides. A 1% solution of silver nitrate if often added to the eyes of infants to prevent ophthalmic gonorrhea but now erythromycin is used instead of silver nitrate because it is more effective. Silver sulfadiazine is used on burns. Copper sulphate is an effective algicide in lakes and swimming pools. The action of these heavy metals is mostly on the proteins, and they combine often with their sulfhydryl groups, and inactivate them. They may also precipitate cell proteins.
  5. Quaternary ammonium compounds
    Detergents are organic molecules that serve as wetting agents and emulsifiers and are amphipathic in nature and hence solubilize otherwise insoluble residues and are very effective cleansing agents and are efficient from soaps, which are derived from fats.
    Only cationic detergent are effective disinfectants characterized by positively charged quaternary nitrogen and a long hydrophobic aliphatic chain. They are mostly used as disinfectants for food utensils and small instruments and as skin antiseptics.
  6. Sterilizing gases
    Gases may also be used as sterilizing agents in order to sterilize many heat-sensitive items such as disposable petri dishes and many syringes, heat-lung machine components, sutures, etc. Ethylene oxide gas is used for this purpose as it readily penetrates packing materials, even plastic wraps and is both microbicidal and sporicidal and kills by combining with cell proteins.
  7. Hydrogen peroxide
    Hydrogen peroxide effects our direct and indirect actions of oxygen as it forms hydroxyl free radical which is highly toxic and reactive to cells. As an antiseptic, 3% hydrogen peroxide serves a variety of needs including skin and wound cleansing, bedsore care and mouth washing. When it is applied to a wound, the enzyme catalase in the tissue decomposes the hydrogen peroxide into water and free oxygen. The oxygen causes the wound tissues to bubble and the bubbling removes microorganism mechanically.
  8. Acids and alkalis
    Aqueous solutions of ammonium hydroxide remain a common component of detergent, cleanser and deodorizers. Organic acids are widely used in food preservatives because they prevent spore germination and bacterial and fungal growth. Acetic acid in the form of vinegar is a picking agents that inhibits bacterial growth, propionic acid is commonly incorporated into breads and cakes to retard molds, benzoic acid and sorbic acids are added to beverages, syrups to inhibit yeasts.

Dear- Indian education system…

Dear Indian Education System… I have decided to take a huge step, But, before that, you guys need to know a lot of things about me. I used to score amazing till std 10th when I scored well, leave alone my parents,  all my friends, neighbors, shopkeepers…  Even the watchman of my building started to say ” You are going to take Science. You will be an engineer” no. Don’t get me wrong. I don’t dislike Science.  Science is beautiful science is the ultimate truth but when I came in Std 10th the half-interested teachers in my school and coaching institute didn’t teach Science at all!  All they taught was how to solve maximum number of MCQs in a given time, like a robot that killed the beauty of Science sir.  And that Physic’s topper of my class  He didn’t believe that evolution actually happened  He just wanted to solve maximum number of MCQs  So much obsession with Science.

accomplishment ceremony education graduation
Photo by Pixabay on Pexels.com

India hasn’t won a single Nobel Prize in Science  Since Independence  Nobel Prizes are just “awards” , you’ll say  India produces the maximum number of engineers per year  Yet, India ranks 60th  in the Global Innovation Index that means no major innovation has happened since Independence, all we keep saying is “Aryabhatta invented Zero” to be honest, after 10th, I wanted to study Physics, Graphic Designing, Coding, History, Music and English Literature Why couldn’t the evaluation of my intelligence and calibers be on the basis of these subjects?  Why should’ve I wasted my time studying subjects I didn’t want to study?  So, I left the damn coaching institute, used to get out of my home during coaching hours and used to read novels in the park, see new places to be honest, I felt free It felt good not to be a zombie I learnt graphic designing on my own  I listened to some beautiful music by Mozart and Rahman  I read Poetry, I taught myself Python, and I read some amazing write-ups  on various topics of Physics  I am taking a huge step.  I am dropping out no not because Steve Jobs, Bill Gates and Mark Zuckerberg are drop-outs, not because being a “dropout” is cool, and neither it is because of the frustration of failing.

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Dear Indian Education System I am dropping out simply because you do not make any sense and now, you’ll ask me, who will give me a job?  Who will feed me?  I believe somewhere somebody is there who’ll see my skills. Will value my creativity.  Who will value my intelligence, not my CGPA Yes, I failed. but I know there is a lot to do, observe, and learn only my marksheet says that I can’t do anything but I know I will do something good.

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an amazing writeup by FMF.

USE OF PHYSICAL METHODS IN MICROBIAL CONTROL

Although microorganisms are beneficial and necessary for human well being, microbial activities have undesirable consequences such as food spoilage and disease. To minimize there destructive effects, it is essential to kill a wide variety of microorganisms or inhibit their growth.

  1. Heat
    Heating is still one of the most popular ways to destroy microorganisms. Fire and boiling water have been used since the time of Greeks for sterilization and disinfection. Exposure to boiling water for 10 minutes is sufficient to kill or destroy vegetative cells and eukaryotic spores, but not enough to kill or destroy bacterial endospores, hence boiling does not sterilize but can be used for disinfection of drinking water and objects not harmed by water. This can be carried out within an autoclave. Hot and saturated steam enters a chamber and the desired temperature and pressure which is usually 121°C and 15 pounds is reached. At this temperature and pressure the steam destroy all vegetative cells and endospores. Moist heat is thought to kill so effectively by degrading nucleic acids and by denaturing enzymes and other essential proteins It may also disrupt cell membranes.
    Pasteurization is a process where many substances such as milk, are treated with controlled heating at temperatures well below boiling. There are two types of pasteurization- flash pasteurization or high temperature short term (HTST) pasteurization and the other method used is ultra high temperature (UHT) pasteurization.
    Dry heat sterilization can also be used on many objects in the absence of water. The items to be sterilized are placed in an oven at 160 to 170°C.
  2. Low temperatures
    Another convenient method to inhibit the growth and reproduction of microorganisms is to use lower temperatures like freezing or refrigeration. Mostly this method of control is used in food microbiology. Freezing items at -20°C or lower stops microbial growth because of the absence of liquid water and the ice crystal destruction of cell membranes at this temperature. This method is also used for long term storage of microbial samples in the laboratory in the form of glycerol stocks. This method of control at low temperatures slows microbial growth and reproduction but does not half it completely. Fortunately most pathogens are mesophilic and do not grow well at low temperatures around 4°C. Thus, refrigeration is a good technique only for short-term storage of food and other items.
  3. Filtration
    The filters simply remove the microbes instead of killing them. The material used mostly is glazed porcelain, asbestos or other similar materials. Membrane filters are also used and have replaced depth filters in recent times. These filters are used to remove most vegetative cells, but not viruses from solutions ranging in volume from 1 ml to many liters.
    The other way this method is used is in the laminar flow biological safety cabinet where the air is sterilized by filtration. These cabinets contain high efficiency particulate air(HEPA) filters.
  4. Radiation
    The radiations like ultraviolet and ionizing can be used for sterilizing objects. UV radiation is used as a sterilizing agent only in a few specific situations like UV lamps are placed on the ceilings of room for in biological safety cabinet to sterilize air and other exposed surfaces. Commercial UV units are available for water treatment. Pathogens and microorganisms are destroyed when a thin layer of water is passed under the lamps (water purifiers).
    Ionizing radiation penetrates deep into objects and is an excellent sterilizing agent. It destroys bacterial endospores and vegetative cells of both prokaryotic and eukaryotic origin but not against viruses. Gamma radiation from a Cobalt 60 source is used in the cold sterilization of antibiotics, hormones and plastic disposable supplies such as syringes and petri dishes.

State of CHILD LABOUR in the world!

On the rising population there is also rise in demand of  family members related to commodities. Many of the family don’t even get 2 meals per day! there is lack of only one thing and that is money. It is said that

“Empty stomach can make you to do anything”

To fill the stomach people can do anything especially when they have family to feed. Now-a-days the crises and cruelty has increased drastically that alone 1 man cannot feed the all 4 members in the lower labour section. So, unwillingly all the family members had to work at the field and contribute some money towards family to sleep without an empty stomach at night.

a photo of a hardworking man
Photo by Tope A. Asokere on Pexels.com

There are many schemes released by government to stop the child labour like making primary education almost free for poor children along with mid-day meal to them so that they do not have to crave for the meals and keep focus on the study, they are also regularly checked by medical if there is any weakness in any of the student. National Child Labour Project (NCPL) is a central government branch which takes strict actions against child labour and works at the best to resist this act. According to UNICEF, India with the highest amount of population has also high number of child labour cases under the age of 14 and 1% of it i.e. approx 1,20,000 are forced to engage in hazardous jobs.

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Image source: Jatinverma.org

Every year on the day of 12 June it is marked as Anti-Child labour day to draw the attention on the issue of child labour. Every year there is different themes on this day:

  • In 2020 the theme was “Protect children from child labour, now more than ever”.
  • In 2019 the theme was  “Children shouldn’t work in fields, but on dreams”.
  • In 2018 the theme was “Generation safe and Healthy”.
  • IN 2017 the theme was “In conflicts and disasters, protect children from child labour”.
  • In 2016 the theme was “End child labour in supply chains – It’s everyone’s business!”.
  • In 2015 the theme was “NO to child labour – YES to quality education!”.

Now the matter is not just to put it to one day and on a piece of paper, it’s a world wide conflict and has to be somehow resolved. Every year various types of acts and event are performed by students of schools, college and NGOs too, but this year digitally the message was forwarded as due to lockdown and pandemic situation rallies, etc cannot be held.

“Why had his mother gone to the trouble of bringing him into the world if the most exciting moment in his life was having been made lame by a bayonet?” -Félix J. Palma

Let us have some stats:

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Image source: Al Jazeera

PULSES- STRUCTURE, COMPOSITION AND PROCESSING

WHAT ARE PULSES?
Pulses are basically a fruit part of leguminous crops that are harvested solely for the seeds. Dried beans, lentils, and peas are the most common known and consumed pulses. Pulses do not include crops which are harvested green – these are the vegetable crops. Also excluded are those crops used mainly for oil extraction and leguminous crops that are exclusively used for sowing purposes.
Generally, all pulses have a similar structure, but differ in color, shape, size and thickness of the seed coat.
Mature seeds have three components – Seed Coat, Cotyledons and Embryo.
The seed coat or hull accounts for 7-15% of whole seed mass, cotyledons accounts for 85% of total seed and embryo for 1-4%.

STRUCTURE
The external structures of the seed are testa (i.e. seed coat), hilum, micropyle and raphe.
• The testa is the outer most part of the seed and covers almost all of the seed surface.
• The hilum is an oval scar on the seed coat where the seed was attached to the stalk.
• The micropyle is a small opening in the seed coat next to the hilum.
• The raphe is a ridge on the side of the hilum opposite to the micropyle.
When the seed coat is removed from the grain, the remaining part is the embryonic structure. The embryonic structure of the pulse consists of two cotyledons (or seed leaves) and a short axis above and below them These two cotyledons are not physically attach to each other except at the axis and a weak protection is provided by the seed coat to these cotyledons. Thus, the seed is usually vulnerable to breakage. The outermost layer of the seed coat is the cuticle, and it can be smooth or rough.
• Both the micropyle and the hilum are related to the permeability of the testa and to water absorption.

COMPOSITION
Carbohydrates – 55-65%
Proteins – 18-25%
Fat – 1-4%
Minerals – 1-3%
Fibers – 1-5%

PROCESSING OF PULSES

There are various steps involved in processing of pulses:

  1. SOAKING – Soaking in water is the first step in preparing pulses for consumption. It reduces the oligosaccharides of the raffinose family. It also reduces the amount of phytic acid in pulses.
  2. GERMINATION – It improves the nutritive value of food pulses. The ascorbic acid content of pulses increase manifold after 48 hours of germination. The germination process decreases or eliminates most of the anti nutritional and toxic factors in several pulses.
  3. DECORTICATION – It is a simple method to soak the seeds for a short time in water, the husk takes up more water than the seeds and may be easily separated by rubbing while still moist. In the alternative, the soaked grains may be dried and the husk is removed by pounding and winnowing. Roasting also renders the husk easier to separate.
  4. COOKING – It destroys the enzyme inhibitors and thus improves the nutritional quality of food pulses. It also improves the palatability of the pulse.
  5. FERMENTATION – This process increases the pulse digestibility, palatability and nutritive value. It also improves the availability of essential amino acids and thus, the nutritional quality of protein of the blend.
  6. PULSE MILLING – The removal of the outer husk and splitting the grain into two equal halves is known as milling of pulses.

Businesses that are majorly affected!!!

In the pandemic situation where the world seeks a miracle of vaccines, there are many business that came to halt or even they are going to be shut soon. Currently the major task of ours is to stop the spreading of corona virus. It is wisely said “If there is Health there is Wealth”. First we need to cope up with the pandemic situation and then business can be again built, if we stay alive.

CNBC Global CFO survey says that 40% of the business are facing the problem in transportation of the goods and it is expected that it would take more 5-6 months to start and run normally (25% of them said 6 months and other would take a long than that).

intermodal container stacked on port
Photo by Samuel Wölfl on Pexels.com

 

 “Nobody knows. The economic issues are totally driven by public health issues. You tell me how long we will be at home and I will tell you how long it will take for the economy and supply chains to recover.”

-words of Yossi Sheffi, Professor at Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the director of the MIT Center for Transportation and Logistics. Yossi Sheffi further says, if we want to build our business again as soon as possible than there is only one way out to do this and that is to join the war again corona virus and defeat it as early as possible, this epic war is started by many of the companies with their different types of help they can provide, like wise:

  • Auto manufacturers like Tesla and GM motors are providing ventilators to the hospital.

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(Image source: LosAngelesTimes)

  • Apple and Facebook are the largest in supplying protective mask in the U.S.

woman in face mask using smartphone
Photo by Anna Shvets on Pexels.com

  • HanesBrands in contract with US federal government has decided to make cotton mask when the use of N-95 mask will be minimum. They decided to make 1.5 million mask weekly, and further if needed can go upto 5-6 million mask per week.

close up of face masks
Photo by Karolina Grabowska on Pexels.com

The supply chain is completely disturb there is over manufacturing as there is no one to load and unload the trucks. Border shipping is still allowed but shipping through overseas it still a major concern. There will be also huge disturb in supply chain of for pre-planned Indian weddings, as now weddings are postponed or might be done in simple way, the business related to it like party plots, wedding photographers, ca tress, decorators, wedding materials, transportation, apparels and even small-small business related to it. A single event covers many business so all the business are affected largely.

group of people gathering inside room
Photo by Vireshstudio photographer on Pexels.com

 

The business of theater and restaurant are also at halt, which may cause a major set back as there are many of the workers working in restaurant it self. In film industry too many of the workers are engaged.

 

 

 

 

 

 

PLANT GROWTH PROMOTING RHIZOBACTERIA

Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria or PGPR is a group of bacteria that can be found in the rhizosphere or it can be said that bacteria that colonize the roots of the plants that enhance plant growth. It is observed that the rhizosphere is the zone of maximum microbial activity. It is the rhizosphere region of the plant from where most of the essential mico and macro- nutrients are extracted. The different species of Bacteria, Fungi, Actinomycetes, Protozoa, and Algae can be found in the rhizosphere region, Bacteria being the most abundant.
The term PGPR was introduced by Kloepper and Schroth. They concluded that PGPR are not only associated with the roots to exert beneficial effects on plant development but also have positive effects on controlling phytopathogenic microbes. Therefore, PGPR is one of the active ingredients in biofertilizer.
Based on the interactions , PGPRs are of 2 different types :

  1. SYMBIOTIC or INTRACELLULAR BACTERIA (iPGPR) live inside plants and exchange metabolites directly by biofertilization, stimulation of plant growth, rhizoremediation, and plant stress control. While performing direct growth promotion, they behave as Biofertilizers.
  2. FREE – LIVING or EXTRACELLULAR BACTERIA (ePGPR) live outside plant cells and indirectly increases plant growth by reducing the impact of disease, by Antibiosis, induction of systemic resistance, and competition for nutrients and niches. While performing indirect plant growth promotion, they behave as Biopesticide.

PGPR shows an important role in sustainable agriculture industry.
Undoubtedly, there is an increased demand of crop production now-a-days and also a significant reduction of synthetic chemical pesticides and fertilizers which is a big challenge. So, the use of PGPR has been proven to be one of the best ways of increasing crop yields by facilitating plant growth.
PGPR show synergistic and antagonistic interactions with microorganisms within the rhizosphere and in bulk soil, which indirectly boosts the plant growth rate. PGPR also works as a biofertilizer for agricultural sustainability.
Agriculture is one of the human activities which leads to the increasing amount of chemical pollutants with the excessive and continuous use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides. This causes further environmental damage causing a serious risk for human health.
For e.g. N2O is excessively released by continuous use of nitrogen fertilizers which causes Greenhouse effect and finally Global Warming. Farmers apply a high concentration of nitrogen fertilizers in the form of ammonium nitrate to increase crop yield but continuous use of nitrogen fertilizers decreases the Biological Nitrogen Fixation in soil.

For Sustainable Agriculture fulfillment, crops which are produced must be grown with disease resistance, salt tolerance, drought tolerance, heavy metal stress tolerance, and better nutritional value. Also, the use of soil microorganisms is the one possible way. Soil microbes increase the nutrient uptake capacity and water use efficiency in the soil. Among these soil microorganisms, PGPRs are mostly used which are capable of performing all the activities without environmental contamination. PGPR include the species of Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Enterobacter, Klebsiella, Azobacter, Variovorax, Azosprillum and Serratia.
But it is found that agricultural industries worldwide still not use the concept of PGPRs. This is due to the inconsistent properties of inoculated PGPR which can greatly influence the crop production.

 A PGPR must :

  1. Possess its survival in soil by tolerating several environmental factors.
  2. Be compatible with the crops on which it is inoculated.
  3. Be interactive with the already existing microflora in soil.
  4. Have a broad spectrum of action.
  5. Be safe for the environment.
  6. Enhance plant growth.
    Another challenge is that all Rhizobacteria do not possess the same mechanisms which is a major disadvantage for the environment therefore, PGPR still are not used as a biofertilizer in global agricultural productivity.

Importance of INTERNSHIPS for college students!!!

In the world full of competitors to be successful student/businessman etc. should have a different approach. They need do things which have already less participants. It would be best if none of the competitors are present, it doesn’t mean you have to do very odd thing. Everyone needs a better lifestyle and a proper career so that they can live luxurious life with the family, for that we have to start at early as possible and gain the maximum experience. There are many of the websites nationally and internationally that provide work to college students as in the name of freelancers some of the popular sites are:

1- Internshala

2- LetsINTERN

3- LinkedIN

4- GlassDoor

5- Hello Intern

6- Twenty19

7- AngelList

8- Indian Internships

9- Oyster Connect

10- Interlelo

The above listed Internship site are the popular one yet there are many more to be listed.

  • Internships not only make a student financial independent at college life but it plays a very important role as while on last year of college it boost the CV and the chances of selection in your dream company gets increased by 10 folds.
  • Internship help a student start to build a professional network that can be a resource for the student.
  • Internship also help student to decide a second option of career and also can make it as a part-time works on his professional job.
  • Many companies are in search of students who have already completed an internship related to professional job which will also help student to do the work which is of his choice and already experienced on it.
  • Internships provide a great impact on confidence of the student which will help a lot in the actual job.
  • Students gain knowledge and get aware on how to talk with superior person, how to keep conversation on and most importantly how to influence anybody with the power of the words.
  • Students also get hands on to manage the task assigned. They also get to know to give a separate time table to each task and mange the workflow while studying.
  • They get the professional guidance even if they fail to mange the task as the internship provider cannot force any student and they encourage the student on compilation of task.

 

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This are the most benifits of the Internship…Hope it will be helpful.

If you are in college and not having any internship, than go for it…It will prove helpful in the future.