Category: Learning

Programming Language

Before learning the programming language, let’s understand what is language?

What is Language?

Language is a mode of communication that is used to share ideas, opinions with each other. For example, if we want to teach someone, we need a language that is understandable by both communicators.

What is a Programming Language?

A programming language is a computer language that is used by programmers (developers) to communicate with computers. It is a set of instructions written in any specific language ( C, C++, Java, Python) to perform a specific task.

A programming language is mainly used to develop desktop applications, websites, and mobile applications.

Types of programming language

1. Low-level programming language

Low-level language is machine-dependent (0s and 1s) programming language. The processor runs low- level programs directly without the need of a compiler or interpreter, so the programs written in low-level language can be run very fast.

Low-level language is further divided into two parts –

i. Machine Language

Machine language is a type of low-level programming language. It is also called as machine code or object code. Machine language is easier to read because it is normally displayed in binary or hexadecimal form (base 16) form. It does not require a translator to convert the programs because computers directly understand the machine language programs.

The advantage of machine language is that it helps the programmer to execute the programs faster than the high-level programming language.

ii. Assembly Language

Assembly language (ASM) is also a type of low-level programming language that is designed for specific processors. It represents the set of instructions in a symbolic and human-understandable form. It uses an assembler to convert the assembly language to machine language.

The advantage of assembly language is that it requires less memory and less execution time to execute a program.

2. High-level programming language

High-level programming language (HLL) is designed for developing user-friendly software programs and websites. This programming language requires a compiler or interpreter to translate the program into machine language (execute the program).

The main advantage of a high-level language is that it is easy to read, write, and maintain.

High-level programming language includes Python, Java, JavaScript, PHP, C#, C++, Objective C, Cobol, Perl, Pascal, LISP, FORTRAN, and Swift programming language.

A high-level language is further divided into three parts –

i. Procedural Oriented programming language

Procedural Oriented Programming (POP) language is derived from structured programming and based upon the procedure call concept. It divides a program into small procedures called routines or functions.

Procedural Oriented programming language is used by a software programmer to create a program that can be accomplished by using a programming editor like IDE, Adobe Dreamweaver, or Microsoft Visual Studio.

The advantage of POP language is that it helps programmers to easily track the program flow and code can be reused in different parts of the program.

The advantage of POP language is that it helps programmers to easily track the program flow and code can be reused in different parts of the program.

Example: C, FORTRAN, Basic, Pascal, etc.

ii. Object-Oriented Programming language

Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) language is based upon the objects. In this programming language, programs are divided into small parts called objects. It is used to implement real-world entities like inheritance, polymorphism, abstraction, etc in the program to makes the program resusable, efficient, and easy-to-use.

The main advantage of object-oriented programming is that OOP is faster and easier to execute, maintain, modify, as well as debug.

Note: Object-Oriented Programming language follows a bottom-up approach.

Example: C++, Java, Python, C#, etc.

iii. Natural language

Natural language is a part of human languages such as English, Russian, German, and Japanese. It is used by machines to understand, manipulate, and interpret human’s language. It is used by developers to perform tasks such as translation, automatic summarization, Named Entity Recognition (NER), relationship extraction, and topic segmentation.

The main advantage of natural language is that it helps users to ask questions in any subject and directly respond within seconds.

3. Middle-level programming language

Middle-level programming language lies between the low-level programming language and high-level programming language. It is also known as the intermediate programming language and pseudo-language.

A middle-level programming language’s advantages are that it supports the features of high-level programming, it is a user-friendly language, and closely related to machine language and human language.

Example: C, C++, language

Most commonly used Programming Language

As we all know, the programming language makes our life simpler. Currently, all sectors (like education, hospitals, banks, automobiles, and more ) completely depend upon the programming language.

There are dozens of programming languages used by the industries. Some most widely used programming languages are given below –

IS TIME TRAVEL POSSIBLE ??

Although many people are fascinated by the idea of changing the past or seeing the future before it’s due, no person has ever demonstrated the kind of back-and-forth time travel seen in science fiction, or proposed a method of sending a person through significant periods of time that wouldn’t destroy them on the way. 

But Ron Mallett built a machine that illustrates time machine

Ron Mallett has a dream: He wants to travel in time.Mallett is a respected professor of physics.Ron’s father, a heavy smoker, died of a heart attack at the age of 33 – when Prof Mallett was just 10 years of age. Ron was devastated and withdrew into his books.Prof Mallett explains: “If I could build a time machine, then I could go back into the past and see my father again and maybe save his life and change everything.”

Albert Einstein thought the three dimensions of space were linked to time – which serves as a fourth dimension. Einstein also thought it was possible to fold space-time, creating a shortcut between two distant locations. This phenomenon is called a wormhole, and it can be visualised as a tunnel with two openings, each emerging at different points in space-time.

Wormholes might exist naturally in the cosmos.The nearest ones could be many light-years away. And even if you could get to them and then survive the journey through them, there’s no guarantee where you’d end up.A wormhole will only work for time travel if its “mouth” can be held open for long enough that it allows something to travel through it. That requires something called negative energy, which doesn’t really exist in the everyday world.

So, as for now we only know to that it is possible to time travel but more proper examination should be done before doing it .Hope in future we will find a way regarding this.

Artwork : Wormhole illustration

Public Interest Litigation (PIL)

The concept of PIL originated and developed in the US in the 1960. In the USA it was designed to provide legal representation to previously unrepresented groups and interests. In India, the PIL is a product of the judicial activism role of the supreme court; it was introduced in the early 1980s. Justice V R Krishna Iyer and Justice P N Bhagwati were the pioneers of the concept of PIL.

Under the PIL, any public spirited citizen or a social organisation can move the court for the enforcement of the rights of any person or group of persons who because of their poverty or ignorance or socially or economically disadvantaged position are themselves unable to approach the court for the remedies.

The real purposes of the PIL are:

  • Vindication of the rule of law 
  • Facilitating effective access to justice to the socially and economically weaker sections of the society 
  • Meaningful realization of the fundamental rights 

Features of the PIL:

  •  PIL is a strategic arm of the Legal Aid movement and is intended to bring justice within the reach of the poor masses who constitute the low visibility area of humanity .
  • It is brought before the court not for the purpose of enforcing the right of one individual against another as happens in the case of ordinary litigation but it is intended to promote and vindicate Public Interest.
  • PIL demands that violation of constitutional and legal rights of large numbers of people who are poor, ignorant or in a socially and economically disadvantaged position should not go unnoticed and unredressed.
  • In PIL, the litigation is undertaken for the purpose of redressing public injury, enforcing public duty, protecting social, collective, diffused rights and interests or vindicating Public Interest.
  • In PIL the role held by the court is more assertive than in the traditional actions; it is creative rather than passive and it assumes a more positive attitude in determining acts.

Renewable Energy Sources

Energy is an important input for development. It aims at human welfare covering household, agricultural transport & industrial complexes. Due to population explosion the demand for various forms of energy has got increased many folds. Renewable Resources can be generated continuously in nature & are inexhaustible. These resources can be used again & again in an endless manner.

RENEWABLE TECHNOLOGIESWIND POWER

  1. WIND POWER :

Wind is an emissions-free source of energy. It is harnessed by making use of wind mills. Number of wind mills are installed in cluster are called wind farms. Minimum wind speed required is 150km/hr. A windmill converts wind energy into rotational energy by means of its blades. The basic principle of every windmill is to convert kinetic energy of wind into mechanical energy which is used to rotate the turbine of electrical generator to produce electricity.

2. HYDROPOWER

Hydropower or hydroelectricity refers to the conversion of energy from flowing water into electricity. Modern hydro turbines can convert as much as 90% of the available energy into electricity. Hydroelectric power generates about 10% of the nation’s energy. Hydropower is fueled by water, so it’s a clean fuel source, meaning it won’t pollute the air like power plants that burn fossil fuels, such as coal or natural gas.

3. TIDAL ENERGY

It is harnessed from the tides produced in the ocean. The turbine and generator converts the movement of water coming from change in tide, the kinetic energy, into electricity. Tidal Energy has an expensive initial cost which may be one of the reasons tidal energy is not a popular source of renewable energy.

4. SOLAR ENERGY

Solar energy as energy obtained from the sun. Solar energy is the cleanest and most abundant renewable energy source. It can be used in many appliances like Solar heat collectors, Solar cells, Solar cookers, Solar water heaters Solar power plant, Solar furnace.

Top 10 Residential Uses for Solar Energy

Female foeticide – Bitter truth of society

The process of finding out the sex of a foetus and then undergoing abortion if it is a girl is called Female foeticide.

Stop female foeticide

According to certain section of the Indian penal code for forced abortion ,causing death of an unborn child or intentionally preventing a child being born alive are punishable offence.

The Indian government has passed Pre-Conception and Pre-Natal Diagnostic Techniques Act (PCPNDT) in 1994 to ban and punish prenatal sex screening and female foeticide.

It is currently illegal in India.

Besides this the prenatal diagnostic technique regulation and prevention of misuse act consider engaging and sex selective abortion using prenatal diagnosis technique are punishable.

Why I am killed by my parents
Why??
Could I harm someone
Or can I do something wrong
If no then why I am  killed by my parents
Why they killed me
Just tell me
Were my dreams only for dying…?
Was I meant nothing for you?
Why your hand don’t tremble while taking my life?
Why..?
Please don’t kill me …
I also wants to live
I also want to enjoy every moment of my life
Please don’t kill me
Please….

Let them live

The natural sex ratio is assumed to be between 103 and 107, and any number above it is considered as suggestive of female foeticide.

Sex selection is a practice which takes place among some uneducated,poor sections or a particular religion of the Indian society.

According to the decennial Indian census, the sex ratio in 0 to 6 age group in India has risen from 102.4 males per 100 females in 1961, to 104.2 in 1980, to 107.5 in 2001, to 108.9 in 2011.

Child sex ratio is significantly higher in certain western and northwestern states such as Maharashtra, Haryana, Jammu and Kashmir (118, 120 and 116, as of 2011, respectively).

The western states of Maharashtra and Rajasthan 2011 census found a child sex ratio of 113, Gujarat at 112 and Uttar Pradesh at 111.

Urban India has higher child sex ratio than rural India according to 1991, 2001 and 2011 Census data, implying higher prevalence of female foeticide in urban India.

child sex ratio in major states in India throughout the years 1981, 1991, and 2001-Wikipedia

The following table presents the child sex ratio data for India’s states and union territories, according to 2011 Census of India for population count in the 0-1 age group.The data suggests 18 states/UT had birth sex ratio higher than 107 implying excess males at birth and/or excess female mortalities after birth but before she reaches the age of 1, 13 states/UT had normal child sex ratios in the 0-1 age group, and 4 states/UT had birth sex ratio less than 103 implying excess females at birth and/or excess male mortalities after birth but before he reaches the age of 1.

Due to male dominancy in society ,the male babies are preferred because they provide manual labour and success to the family lineage.

A son is preferred as an asset since he can earn and support the family but a daughter is a liability since she will be married off to another family or she will not contribute financially to her parent or due to dowry system.

Dowry is the payment from bride’s family to the groom family at the time of marriage.

Dowry is the main reason behind the female foeticide.

Dowry system legally ended with the dowry prohibition act of 1961 ,the impossibility of monitoring families and prevalence of corruption have led to its continuance all over India.

The advancement in technology is the major cause of female foeticide.

Some doctors do this act to fulfill their moneydesire

People in India usually see men’s work as “productive” and contributing the family, while the social perception of female labor does not have that connotation. This also ties to the fact that it is easier for men in India to get high paying jobs and provide financially for their families.

Role of panchayat members


Panchayat members should

  • give accurate information on the laws pertaining to this issue
  • find out where it is being practiced in the village and investigate it immediately
  • register all births and deaths under the purview of the panchayat
  • raise awareness about gender sensitivity through public education programmes
  • prevent female foeticide with assistance from the ANM and local mid-wife.

Increasing awareness of the problem has led to multiple campaigns by celebrities and journalists to combat sex-selective abortions.

The first episode “Daughters Are Precious” of the show Satyamev Jayate to raise awareness of female foeticide.

Charvaka Philosophy: Epistemology and Metaphysics

Charvaka is a heterodox school of Indian Philosophy and is materialistic in nature. It believes that true knowledge can be achieved only when it is perceptible to our 5 senses and our mind. Therefore Charvaka accepts only ‘Pratyaksha’ (perception) as its epistemology. It rejects Anumana, Arthpati and Upmana because these epistemologies include pure ‘reasoning’ which is denied by Charvaka. However, it does accepts Shabda (authority/testimony) to some extent if and only if it is perceptible in nature i.e it accepts only Authorative epistemology of perceptible objects. The denial of Anuplabdhi ( non-existent/non-perception) is clear because Charvaka’s philosophy does not believe in what can’t be perceived. 

The criticisms to Charvaka’s Philosophy are many. First, due to Charvaka accepting only one source of knowledge (Pratyaksha), it restricts knowledge. Second, perception knowledge is not always valid knowledge. For e.g hallucinations and mirages. Third, to understand the objects we perceive we require the usage of inference no matter how small. Lastly, it is impossible to have a discussion and it stands impractical if we ignore the other 5 epistemologies.

Charvaka’s Metaphysics follows the logical consequence of it’s epistemology. There are 3 aspects to Charvaka’s metaphysics. 

1. Acceptance of 4 elements

Charvaka accepts only 4 elements out of the 5 i.e Air, Water, Fire and Earth. It rejects space because space can’t be perceived. Using the 4 elements Charvaka explains the creation of consciousness. It states that the 4 elements are independent and have a conscience of their own, due to which they come together and merge, leading to the creation of life or consciousness. 

2. Denial of God. 

Charvaka completely denies the existence of God. Charvaka states that God can’t be perceived and that which can’t be perceived does not exist. Secondly, Charvaka has already credited the 4 elements for the creation of life and therefore denies that God is the being responsible for creation. As for any other belief related to God, Charvaka states that it is purely based on human faith and has no proof. 

3. Denial of Soul

Since soul has a consciousness and Charvaka cannot deny consciousness Charvaka comes up with its own theory of soul. It denies the regularly accepted definition of soul i.e. soul is eternal and is a separate entity from human body. Charvaka says that soul is nothing but a body endowed with consciousness. Soul and body are one and inseparable. 

To this there rises a criticism that if body and soul are one then why is it that the body can be perceived but the soul cannot. Thus leading to the self-contradiction of Charvaka’s own soul theory.

Charvaka although a less known philosophy compared to others does stand with its own point. There are contradictions but what makes Charvaka a worthy philosophy is it’s courageous stance in an era where Vedas and Upanishads were everything. Charvaka has shown their strong views despite the heavy criticism. What makes interesting is their theory of Hedonism and pursuing what one wants for the satisfaction of their life. 

SEX VS GENDER (IDENTITY) VS SEXUALITY (SEXUAL ORIENTATION)

A long-time running misconception among people is that sex, gender and sexuality are the same. And that there exists only 3 genders/sex/sexuality in the world i.e. Male, Female and Intersex. Often people do not even know about Intersex and believe that Male and Female are Bisht 2 the only two beings possible. Therefore, before we move forward, I’d like to make these concepts clear and spread some basic knowledge about the difference between them.
Sex: In general terms ‘sex’ refers to the biological differences between males and females, such as the genitalia and genetic differences. (Chromosomes) Gender (Gender Identity): Gender refers to the socially constructed characteristics of women and men, such as norms, roles, and relationships of and between groups of women and men.
It varies from society to society and can be changed. This is the ‘binary’ view of gender, where only two genders are accepted i.e. man and woman. The norms laid for the way a man and a woman should behave in society is known as gender role.
Gender Identity on the other hand, is an individual’s view of themselves. It is one’s internal sense of being a man, a woman, both or neither. How much do you feel like a man, a woman, or something else? This is your gender identity. Gender is a spectrum, because you could feel a little like a man, a lot like a woman, and maybe also a bit like something else. Or you could feel like none of these. That would make you agender, meaning that you don’t feel any of these gender identities fit you. Since every individual has a unique sense of experiencing things differently, gender can’t be restricted to just male and female.
When talking about gender we have many gender related terms that are a must-know for anyone. Here are some of them listed below!

  1. Gender Expression: Gender expression is how a person publicly expresses or presents their gender. This can include behaviour and outward appearance such as dress, hair, make-up, body language and voice. A person’s chosen name and pronoun are also common ways of expressing gender. Therefore, you should always ask a person’s Bisht 3 pronoun when you meet them in order to address them properly and not misgender them as it can be hurtful and disrespectful.
  2. Transgender: “Transgender” is an umbrella term that describes people whose gender identity or expression does not match the sex they were assigned at birth. For example, a transgender person may identify as a woman despite having been born with male genitalia.
  3. Genderfluid: Gender fluidity is a gender identity that may change over time or according to relational or psychological state, and also incorporates the feeling of not having a gender. In practice, gender fluid people may express masculinity, femininity, or an androgynous self in their personality, sexual experiences, and self-concept.
    Sexuality (Sexual Orientation): Sexuality or sexual orientation describes a person’s enduring physical, romantic, and/or emotional attraction to another person. In short it is the individual’s preference to the sex he/she/they feel attracted to, be it sexually or romantically.
    (for e.g. straight, gay, lesbian, bisexual, asexual) Coming Out: Coming out is a process of understanding, accepting, and valuing your sexual orientation/identity. It involves both exploring your identity and sharing your identity with others.

World Emojis Day

  • When words doesn’t reach to the person ,Emojis will surely do .
July 17,is marked as unofficial World Emojis Day The day is intended to celebrate the beloved icons on the internet.Jeremy Burge ,the founder of Emojipedia made the announcement in 2014,that 17 July will be celebrated as the World Emojis Day .

Emojis is became a language ,the language of 21st century .The Emojipedia will give you all the information related to the Emojis and what is the meaning of the particular emojis.

Happy World Emojis Day😜

: Effectiveness of Garlic :

Bulbs of Garlic (simply it called Garlic)

Garlic is the common vegetable which is used all over the world in every type of food cuisine . The scientific name of garlic is  Allum sativum . It is flowering plant of bulbous type .It belongs from the Allium genus & a closely connected to the onion ,shallots ,chives etc. It is mostly used  for the purpose of seasoning & as a spice element .Some time it is also used as a vegetable for its health benefactor property .Its color is naturally white but black garlic are also available  .Garlic has a strong pungent smell .From ancient time it is used as a medicinal element for its containing compounds .It was used a element of preventing bugs in ancient time .Ancient Egyptian had the belief that it have reservation property that’s why it is used during mummification .

Cloves of Garlic

NUTRITION VALUE : Garlic has so many nutritious elements . USDA had provided a report of nutrition value of a regular 3 gm. Garlic clove —                                                                                                                                                         It contains 4.5 gm. Calories , has no fat , 5 gm. Of sodium (Na) ,1 gm. Of carbohydrates ,0.06 – 1 gm. Of fiber ,no sugar ,2 gm. Protein ,2% of manganese (Mn) in daily value , 2% of vitamin B6 in daily value ,1% of selenium (Sc) in daily value ,!% of vitamin C in daily value .Apart from them it also contains calcium (Ca) ,iron (Fe) ,phosphorus (P) ,various types of vitamin B ,potassium (K) etc. It also have amino acids , antioxidants ,Allison ,pro-biotic , Inulin . In simple word garlic have lots of manganese (Mn) , vitamin c ,vitamin B6 but has very low amount of carbohydrates ,fat ,proteins .

Garlic used in Salad

EFFECTS: Garlic has so many health benefactors for our body .I have collected some of them. They are enlisted below —                                                                                                                                                                                   1. It effectively works on various common illness and symptoms like common cold, flu etc. which is proved by National Institute of Health.                                                                                                                                                    2. It helps to decrease blood pressure of high blood pressure patients. In this way it also prevents diseases like cardiovascular problems or, heart problems.                                                                                                                    3. Garlic helps to lower the LDL or bad types of cholesterol in blood & prevents heart problems.                                              4. The free radical oxidation which is responsible for aging effect in our body can be prevented by the antioxidants of garlic. In that way the chances of Alzheimer’s diseases reduces & protect the brain health.                                                                                                                                                                                    5. Garlic can prevent the toxic heavy metals in our body like sulfur (S) element & prevent organ damage. 6. Studies say that garlic has the power of preventing colon cancer, breast cancer, stomach cancer & some other cancers.                                                                                                                                                                                 7. It also helps to lose weight if it is taken during diet.                                                                                   8. Garlic also fights against hypertension.                                                                               9. Garlic helps to higher the power of antioxidant potential of blood by lowering the level of free oxidative radicals in blood.                                                                                                                                                        10. Garlic has pro-biotic elements which helps to grow good bacteria in our guts or digestive system & harms the bad bacteria for containing of Inulin as fiber .It increase the gut function of our body in this way.

Goodness of Garlic

But, you also have to remember that taking lots of amount garlic can also have reverse effect in body so it should be taken in a measured amount .

BOOKISH TERMS

Don’t judge a book by its cover. But, who can ignore if the books come with eye-grabbing front covers and alluring editions? Book readers have a lot of Idioms and Phrases and especially things names to convey their ideas among themselves. But, not everyone knows the difference between the books and those names. Thus, we are going to look at those bookish terms (Especially about book editions) and their meaning and I will include some pics in each section so that you will get a clear idea about all of them. Book editions have a great part in the lifespan of the books. If the quality of the book is promising, they can live until your grand grandchildren age. So, choosing a book is not merely choosing the title or the plot of the book. But, it’s an investment to pass knowledge through generations.

Paperbacks

Reference image: The Night Circus by Erin Morgenstern

Paperbacks are common books that we see and buy day to daily life. Paperback editions are based on thin front binding and are most fragile. Paperback always has good designs on its front cover. And easy to read, lightweight and comfortable. Paperbacks are pocket and travel-friendly editions. If you are a person who would like to read while traveling, paperbacks are an adequate option.

Hardcovers

Reference image: Circe by Madeline Miller

Hardcovers are the most expensive editions in books categories. They will have thick hard binding rather than a thin paper front cover. And to the bonus, they will have a highly decorated protective cover. Which helps the hardcover to remain dust-free. (To be honest, the binding of the book will be hard and plain but the protective sleeves will be decorative. thus, we will take care of the sleeves as much as we care about the book.) Some hardcovers come with designs even in the binding part. Those are called as special editions. Hardcovers are heavyweight and double in price range comparing to paperbacks. But, still, they are the real shelf slayers. If you want to collect books. Hardcover can give a dramatic image to your shelves.

Hardbound

Reference image: The Prophet by Kalil Gibran


Hardbound books are nearly hardcovers but don’t have protective sleeves. They have a hard binding with attractive designs on them. But, without protective sleeves. Some hard bounds come with gold dust paper edges which is an alluring part of these books. These kinds of editions are also heavily weighed some short stories and novels contain lesser pages have no effect of hand pain while reading. Hardbound gives an aesthetic, classy, and breathtaking vintage look to your collections. The idea of hardbound books is to giving us some vintage and classical themes while reading.

Pirated Books

Reference image: Ink spilled and poor quality pages from the book IKIGAI


Pirated books are cheap books but which are illegally printed. Some publishing houses print them without the author and the authorization’s/copyright’s permission. And those books are highly cheap compared to any other editions. They will have tons of errors and misprints. So, even though if you don’t want to have that book you can’t even sell them at half rate. Because the lifespan of Pirated books are less than 30 years. And no one will love to buy misprinted and ink-spilled books. So, whenever you are going for a sale if the books are cheap flip those books 1000 times and make sure it is not misprinted, ink spilled, cross alignment, missing pages or black pages in between the chapters. And one more thing to add, Pirated books are unauthorized copies. Thus, it won’t give any profits to the Authors. As readers and book admire we should support them will all our efforts. So, spending a little more on good books is not spending it’s an investment for the future.

Belarus: Escalating political tension and sanctions

Belarus is an overlooked country that is located east of Poland and south of Lithuania and Latvia. It is bordered by Russia in the East and also bordered by Ukraine in the South. The landlocked country has an area of 207,600 square kilometers (80,200 square mi) and a population of little over 9 million people. Belarus was one of the newest countries that were formed after the disintegration of the USSR in 1991.

Alexander Lukashenko was elected Belarus’s first president of Belarus in 1994. Since then he has held the position and has been governing the country for more than 25 years. Lukashenko’s style of governance has been deemed as authoritative as there have been no free elections since he got elected. He has maintained many of the Pre-Soviet policies and Belarus’s Democracy Index rating is the lowest in Europe. In the 2020 Belarusian elections, Lukashenko was declared the winner against the opposition leader Sviatlana Tsikhanouskaya. The election was marred by allegations of widespread electoral fraud. Many western countries had demanded a re-run but that never happened. This also triggered mass protests across the major cities in Belarus. But to control the critics and protesters, the government reacted with brute force, arresting demonstrators and sending numerous protestors behind the bars.

In May 2021 the kidnapping of opposition journalist Roman Protasevich and his girlfriend, Sofia Sapega was another sign of the Belarusian government’s woes against any kind of critics. This was basically a state-sponsored hijacking of air piracy. This incident occurred on Ryanair Flight 4978 en route to Vilnius on May 23 when the plane was diverted to Minsk with a fake bomb threat from Belarusian air traffic control. After this violation of international aviation rules, both were arrested on questionable charges of organizing mass unrest.

Belarus has always swayed between Russia and the EU but recently European Union has imposed one of the toughest restrictions against Belarus. EU has blocked the sale or supply of major technology to Belarus, as well as restricted access to capital markets and trade in oil and potash. EU has also imposed airspace restrictions against Belarus. But any sanctions against Belarus must not target ordinary people. Because the land borders are already sealed off with Poland and Lithuania. The only viable option for Belarusian people was air travel. So this restriction will also affect the citizens of the country. To counter the problem of Potash sanctions, Lukashenko has struck a deal with his Russian business friend to create a new Potash mining and processing plant. But this will come at a cost of increased taxes for the individual citizens of Belarus amid the Covid-19 crisis and economic downturn. The United States has also imposed visa bans and other sanctions on 62 individuals who were identified as contributing to the Belarus crackdown.  

The citizens of Belarus deserve free Elections and a leader who can think about the citizens of the country instead of holding onto the power. With a progressive leader, Belarus could have been on par with the Baltic countries. The recent sanction might or might not work but in the end, the common citizens of the country suffer the most. 

References:

WHAT DOES IT TAKE TO BUILD A CAREER IN AI?

“Artificial intelligence !” a new lucrative field in which many peeps wanna dive in and why not coz it is not just restricted to the computer science world but finance law industries etc . we are now living in a time where we have chatbots listening to our instruction doing as said, solving problems and looking for loopholes in a system the data better and faster than us. and it’s just starting AI and machine learning is going to grow more and more as time goes. With this huge need for AI experts, in all these fields will also come. Artificial intelligence isn’t just a fad. It’s here to stay! 

that’s why many interesting learners want to make a career in this AI field, here the very vital question arises as what does it take to build a career in AI?

Scientific-brain!

As AI is highly scientific, the primary attempt of AI is to make it work the same as humans( or better in some cases) it requires the person to have quite a lot of knowledge, training, and cognitive skill! A huge learning curve is there to understand to make suitable and best-approximated outcomes. Which requires years of learning and practice. like researchers and scientists.

Mathematical thinking

A huge need for mathematical ability is needed to make a career in AI. Fields like statistics, probability, predictions, calculus, algebra, Bayesian algorithms, and logic are going to be primary tools for you in your arsenals. With maths, you are also going to need some science knowledge such as mechanics, cognitive learning theory, language processing, and computer science skills that a mathematical thinker must have


“A quip in Tesler’s Theorem says “AI is whatever hasn’t been done yet”

highly critical thinking

Being rational with the approach is very necessary as you go ahead you find yourself making choices that need to be based on critical thinking. nothing will be important at face value. huge experiments and failures will happen, and decisions would be based on results only! critical thinkers in normal day-to-day life are considered to be very smart and hard nuts! That’s what we search for in a field with many challenges.

Naturally curious

Working in AI field is unlike any other field where you faces similar problems which have to be solved with an already existing solution or where you exactly know what and why you doing and what will likely to happen but here it AI its just changes altogether as this field is about uncovering the unknown and exploring like a captain of a ship in this huge sea of unknown. What we can know or figure out with this technology is still a few drops. we have yet to reach the primary mission of us humans “ to make an artificial intelligence like the human brain. In this journey, we need curious peeps who love to think out of the box and think curiously

Loves challenges

Field with multiple failures and a huge need to push boundaries makes it really hard digestible tea for many. but if you have that willpower and love challenges in life! then this is your thing for sure. finding ways to do the same thing with different approaches, again and again, and again! Taking a huge toll of work on yourself and pushing yourself to reach deadlines! If you have these skills then this is it

No doubts AI is the future! and a career in this field is also very exciting and challenging! It gives everything that a person asks for!


pls let me know what you think in comment section and share ! :), sayonara!

Do you know about Maritime laws in india ? Let’s see some marine offenses

Definition of maritime laws :

In its counterparts as public law , it widely known as “the law of sea “. It also called Admiralty law. the process of carrying goods through sea, rules concerning protection and maintenance of ships at sea, registration and damage to ships, marine insurance etc. , is covered under maritime laws .

As india is surrounded by water from the three sides , it created nature condition for Marin trade after the water territorial trade started.

Legislations prior to Independence : maritime laws in India were governed under the British government. There are some of the regulations which deal with various aspects of maritime in India.

  • Coasting Vessels Act, 1838
  • Indian Registration of Ships Act, 1841,
  • Admiralty Offences (Colonial) Act, 1849
  • Inland Steam Vessels Act, 1917
  • Indian Ports Act, 1908
  • Control of Shipping Act, 1947

Legislations after independence : after the  independence sea laws mostly governed under article 297 of the constitution. And there are different lex on waters, continental shelf, EEZ and other maritime zones.

Some of the acts are there , for maritimes affairs . This are

  • The Merchant Shipping Act, 1958
  • The Admiralty (Jurisdiction and Settlement of Maritime Claims) Act, 2017. 
  • Article 297 of the constitution

Marines crimes , are frequent offenses which  have been committing in sea . There are some marine offences mentioned below –

  • Maritime Piracy
  • Smuggling Exotic plants and animals
  • Unauthorized entry
  • Illegal Carrying of Weapons and artillery
  • Maritime Drug trafficking
  • Maritime Human Trafficking
  • Discharging in Ocean Waters
  • Sailing or fishing in unauthorized areas–
  • Tax evasion

Maritime piracy is an illegal act of violence, detention or destruction against a ship , on person or property, for private purposes, by the crew or passengers of a private ship . Piracy also includes inciting and intentionally facilitating such acts of violence, and voluntarily participating in the operation of a pirate ship . Pushiment for piracy is prescribed in anti maritime piracy bill 2019 , that is (i) life imprisonment ; or (ii) death , if the act of piracy is caused or seek to cause death.

Smuggling Exotic plants and animals : For a ship without authorization, its illegal to do Smuggling of exotic plants and animals for wildlife smuggling. This is because wildlife smuggling involves the isolation of plants and animals. When they arrived at the destination, they may not be able to adapt to the new place. Animals may also cause vulnerable diseases in people. And it may also leads to the serious illness or death of animals . To smuggle Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora , is crime in maritime law.

Unauthorized entry : the ship must seek permission from government of that nation , For entry in a nation’s marine boundary . Sailing on that nation’s waters without a permission is a maritime crime and punishable in all countries. And a person who illegally and secretly boards and hides in to the ship, without the consent of ship owner and master, to travel into international waters to reach some other country without any monitory payment and legal documents , is known as stowaway.

Illegal Carrying of Weapons and Artillery : to carry weapons and artillery, throughout the water territory of any country , which is not legally bonded , is a martime offence .Goods which are sensitive in nature can be transported by specific ships only . Bringing in weapons on a ship, is not authorized , it is a punishable offense.

Maritime Drug trafficking : maritime drug trafficking means transportation of illegal drugs produced in this region to global consumer markets through using ships . To sell drug, is illegal in itself and trafficking of it become more severe offence .

Maritime Human Trafficking : maritime Human Trafficking involves the use of force, fraud, or coercion to obtain some type of labor or commercial sex act , through exporting victim in other country vie ships .

Discharging in Ocean Waters : it refers to the sewage discharge done by the vessels and ships in the water territory of any nation . Marine pollution is a serious issue and almost all countries have strict policies against ships discharging sewage or oil into their coastal waters.

Sailing or fishing in unauthorized areas : it’s an offence to do sailing in an areas of water territory where the sailing or fishing is not allowed .

Tax evasion : ship owners trying to evade taxes through false documentation or incorrect representation of cargo material have been increasing rapidly, posing a threat to maritime security. It’s a white collar crime.

5 signs your mind is warning you about mental illness

What classifies as an abnormal behavior? How to differentiate between normal and abnormal thoughts/ actions and behavior? Who gets to decide them and their treatments?

It often feels like walking on eggshells when we discuss what is abnormal and what isn’t. In a societal context, the kind of behavior which is often seen, encouraged, and occurs frequently is called “Normal Behavior”. The sort of behavior and actions that are rare and deviates from social norms are regarded as “Abnormal Behavior”. But deviance from social norms cannot be always labeled as abnormal behavior since it is subjective to one community.

The situational context i.e., the social settings or circumstances which preceded or continued when the event occurred makes a significant difference in how thinking or behavior is labeled. For instance, let’s take phobias. A person comes to a therapist saying that they have severe anxiety and fear when they people’s hands or balloons or cheese. This would have been taken as something absurd since it was unheard of. But now, a therapist might discover that a traumatic event occurred when they were exposed to hands, balloons, or cheese which made them develop chirophobia, globophobia, and theophobia respectively.

The thinking or behavior which significantly disrupt one’s thought processes or course of actions, which affects themselves or/ and affects people around them can be termed as maladaptive or abnormal behavior. Maladaptive behavior or thinking also means that a person finds it hard to adapt to day-to-day living. It is the key element in the definition of abnormality.

Well, how do psychologists decide what is abnormal?

Rather than pinpointing what is abnormal, psychologists tend to focus on how effectively one deals with daily encounters with the world, the levels of distress it is causing an individual, and their reactions to them. To get a clear picture of what’s going on, individual and professional psychologists must take in all factors while determining whether one’s functioning and behavior are significantly affecting their lifestyle. (But remember that the main objective is to figure out what is causing them; be it biological or mental factors, to find out how to cure the mental obstacles or find an effective way to lessen their intensity. It isn’t you, rather it’s just a part of you. Abnormality and insanity are completely different)

Psychopathology – The study of behavior and psychological dysfunction.

Few symptoms:

Firstly, never self-diagnose! If you feel strongly regarding these signs, find a professional psychologist who feels right to you, share your thoughts and experiences and have a healthy discussion about what you researched and clear out doubts. Be open to every possibility and kudos for taking a step to care, help and love yourself.

  1. Getting easily annoyed and having a hard time handling frustrations and urges.
  2. After having dealt with a traumatic experience, has the thinking or behavior been unusual? It can range from subtle isolation to severe panic while dealing with a stranger or a familiar course of events (that previously led to the trauma).
  3. Does thinking or behavior go against the social norms? (P.s Norms change over time)
  4. An extreme change in moods and lifestyle.
  5. Certain news, course of events, or items (Triggers) that affect your ability to function or causes significant subjective discomfort?

What gives birth to mental illness?

Psychodynamic view: It includes Freud’s belief which emphasizes that unconscious psychological process (The wishes, urges, and fear which we suppress creates conflict outside of a person’s consciousness), childhood experiences, and environment before birth influences our thoughts and behaviors. To keep the repressed thoughts from resurfacing, disordered functioning aka defense mechanism develops as a way to keep them contained.

Cognitive perspective: It talks about how we think about a problem interfered by disordered thoughts which leads to mental disorders. One can overcome this by consciously using more rational cognitions. How we perceive, evaluate, and anticipate events tend to be negative and disruptive when interfered with mental blockages.

Biological view: This view beliefs that disorders are caused by organic or physical causes such as defective neurotransmitters, genetics, traumas to the brain, and basically neuroanatomy. For instance, personality traits are influenced by genetic inheritance, and in disorders like schizophrenia, dopamine levels are believed to play a part as well as differences in the brain anatomy.

Behaviorists believe that just like normal behavior we learn abnormal behavior influences largely by conditioning and observational learning. For example, children with parents who deal with substance abuse or an environment with violent circumstances give birth to various coping mechanisms which might be healthy or unhealthy.

Although, just like we can learn all kinds of behavior, we can unlearn them too.

How to find the right treatment(s) for you?

Well, Trial and error! Having a medical professional gives you a safe room to mistakes, share and learn from your experiences and find more therapies the right way. Psychotherapy and biomedical therapies are common courses of treatment.

Psychotherapy includes insight therapies; the main goal here is to help both mentally healthy and psychologically disordered persons try to understand their motives and actions, action therapy (more focused on changing behavior rather than insights), and more. The main goal is to resolve the issues from their roots, learning and unlearning behaviors and developing healthy habits.

Biomedical therapy includes the usage of medicine, surgical methods, and noninvasive stimulation techniques. Antipsychotics, antidepressants, anti-cycling agents, and hypnoanxiolytics are the main classes of psychiatric medications.

Note that, biomedical therapy is used to alleviate or eliminate symptoms of disorders. Sometimes, biomedical and psychotherapy go hand in hand. When it comes to treating psychological disorders, I believe that cure can have a variety of meanings. Many behavioral disorders cannot be cured but with proper treatment, one can live a productive and happy life which usually accounts for the cure of the disorder.

References:

 Psychology by Pearson | Fifth Edition | By Pearson. by K. Ciccarelli Saundra, White J. Noland, et al. | 15 October 2017.

OTT PLATFORM : NEW INDIA DIGITAL INDIA

OTT (over-the-top) is a means of providing television and film content over the internet at the request and to suit the requirements of the individual consumer. The term itself stands for “over-the-top”, which implies that a content provider is going over the top of existing internet services.

OTT means control over your content, brand, user experience, audience, monetization and, most of all, your data. YouTube just doesn’t give you that.

Consumers are now in the driver’s seat, due to OTT. More than ever, consumers are able to find exactly what they want to watch and only pay for the content and services that they want. OTT provides the flexibility to adjust your models to the market for maximum uptake.

OTT is the ultimate platform for reaching your targeted audience directly with your content and delivering a premium video experience that you control. With OTT, providers can get immediate user feedback through direct engagement and interaction.