The Garib Kalyan Rojgar Abhiyaan (GKRA) is a 125-day Abhiyan launched by Hon’ble Prime Minister on 20th June, 2020 with a mission to address the issues of returnee migrant workers and similarly affected rural population by Covid-19 pandemic through a multi- pronged strategy of providing immediate employment & livelihood opportunities to the distressed, to saturate the villages with public infrastructure and creation of livelihood assets to boost the income generation activities and enhance long term livelihood opportunities by giving focus on 25 works in 116 selected districts across 6 States with a resource envelope of Rs 50,000 crore.

State-wise employment generated in persondays and quantum  of amount  spent  so far  under Garib Kalyan Rojgar Abhiyan’ is as below:

Mahatma Gandhi NREGS is a demand driven wage employment scheme. Every adult member of a household in a rural area, having job card (as per Mahatma Gandhi NREG Act), is eligible for a demand for a job under the scheme. There is no provision to register a Job card holder categorised as migrant labourers/ family in the job card in the scheme. A job card can be issued to a migrant labour/family as per the provision of the Act against a demand by the migrant labour/family. A total of 86,81,928 new job card during the current FY so far has been issued as compared to 64,95,823 new job card issued during the FY 2019-20. State-wise fund released/spent under Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (Mahatma Gandhi NREGS) from April 2020 to August, 2020 is at Annexure-I.

So far as enhancement of guaranteed days of employment is concerned, the Mahatma Gandhi NREGA envisages for providing 100 days of guaranteed wage employment in a financial year to each household in rural areas whose adult members volunteers to do unskilled manual work. In addition to this, there is a provision for additional 50 days of unskilled wage employment in a financial year in drought/natural calamity notified rural areas. As per Section 3(4) of the Mahatma Gandhi NREG Act, 2005, the State Governments may make provisions for providing additional days beyond the period guaranteed under the Act from their own funds.

State-wise release/expenditure under wage for Mahatma Gandhi NREGS for financial   years 2018-19, 2019-20 and 2020-21 (from April 2020 to August 2020 is at Annexure-II.

The details of household provided employment is at Annexure-III(a) and the details of persondays generated is at Annexure-III(b) between March-August 2020 and corresponding period in 2019.

As per section 6(1) of Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act, 2005 (Mahatma Gandhi NREGA), the Central Government may, by notification, specify the wage rate for its beneficiaries. Accordingly, the Ministry of Rural Development notifies Mahatma Gandhi NREGA wage rate every year for States/UTs. To compensate the Mahatma Gandhi NREGA workers against inflation, the Ministry of Rural Development revises the wage rate every year based on change in Consumer Price Index for Agricultural Labour (CPI-AL) . The wage rate is made applicable from 1^st April of each Financial Year. However, each State/UT can provide wage over and above the wage-rate notified by the Central Government. The wage rate for the States/UTs for the Financial Year 2020-21, notified on 23^rd March, 2020 is at Annexure-IV.

The wage rate under Mahatma Gandhi NREGA is fixed in pursuance of section 6(1) of the Act. This department does not maintain minimum wage rate of different State centrally.

The Central Government, with active support of the State Governments, has so far been able to meet the demands of works with adequate funding. During current financial year, as on 10.09.2020, the Ministry has released Rs. 60,44,098.23 lakh till now to the States & UTs for implementation of Scheme. The details of the comparison of personday generated during the period between 2019 and 2020 is given below:

Panchayat being a State subject, providing Panchayat Building in Gram Panchayats (GPs) is primarily the responsibility of State Governments. The States are expected to mobilise funds for construction of Panchayat Buildings from various sources. However, to supplement efforts of states, the Ministry under its different scheme/s has been providing financial assistance to States/UTs for construction of Panchayat Bhawans. Under the Centrally Sponsored Scheme (CSS) scheme of Rashtriya Gram Swaraj Abhiyan (RGSA), being implemented w.e.f 2018-19 also has a provision to provide funds to States/UTs for construction of GP building on limited scale at the rate of Rs. 20 lakhs per GP building and construction of approx 4500 GP buildings have been approved under the scheme. Details of GP Buildings constructed under the various schemes are maintained at State/ UT level. As per information available, out of 256765 GPs/ Rural Local Bodies (RLBs) across States/ UTs, 197108 GPs have Panchayat Buildings and 59657 GPs are without Panchayat Buildings. State-wise detail is at Annexure.

Keeping in view felt need of Gram Panchayat Buildings and also taking into consideration limited resources under RGSA, the States have been advised to ensure that the construction of GP buildings are taken up on priority by converging funds / resources under Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (MGNREGS), unspent funds of 14th Finance Commission , funds from 15th Finance Commission and also those from State schemes etc., so as to saturate the gap by the end of year 2022.

This information was given in a written reply by the Union Minister of Rural Development & Panchayati Raj Shri Narendra Singh Tomar in Lok Sabha today.

Considering the huge demand for travel on specific routes, Ministry of Railways has decided to run 20 pairs of Clone Special trains (list annexed in the link below) from 21.09.2020. These Clone trains will run on notified timings and will be fully reserved trains. The stoppages shall be limited to operational halts.

The 19 pairs of Clone Special trains will run by utilizing Humsafar rakes. 1 pair 04251/04252 Lucknow-Delhi Clone special shall run as Jan Shatabdi Express. Fare of Humsafar rake will be charged as Humsafar trains and for Janshatabdi rake, fare will be charged as Janshatabdi Express.The ARP (Advanced Reservation Period) will be 10 days.

These Clone Special trains will be in addition to special trains which are already in operation.

Minister of Railways and Commerce & industry Shri Piyush Goyal  has called for aiming for the target of $500 billion of service exports.Addressing the inaugural session of CII’s India-UK Annual Conference virtually today, he said that this is imminently doable. “We are all confident that under Prime Minister Shri NarendraModi’s leadership, India will get back to our 5 trillion economy target, and it is time we leverage on this.” The Minister said that in the week from 8th to 14th September, the value of exports is $6.88 billion, up by 10.73% over the same period of the previous year.“This is indicative that India is in a move to get back, our resilience is showing, our confidence is emerging, our can-do spirit is reflected in all these numbers”, he added.

Shri Goyal expressed the belief that the time is opportune & ripe to have an early harvest between India & the United Kingdom.  He said “We should start an engagement on FTA. It is the need of the hour. We should look at the preferential trade agreement so that we can demonstrate to the whole world sincerity and seriousness of UK-India engagement.In bilateral agreements between 2 nations, we give some and get some. We are able to benefit businesses & create jobs on both sides of the table” He said that we must look at taking it forward expeditiously. Talking about the initiative between Japan, Australia & India towards Resilient Supply Chains, he said that it holds good potential for us to take forward with other countries like UK, Europe, US, & certain Latin American & African countries.

The Minister said that there are many industries which have huge potential to work with businesses in the UK, where the UK is a net importer in a big way, where India has competitive & comparative advantage to be able to serve the UK’s requirements. He said “We have had a very good dialogue in terms of considering how we can prepare before January to see if engagement with UK can be taken to the next level.” He said that the UK certainly can benefit significantly from India’s healthcare offerings.India offers a huge potential to give quality medical support at affordable prices & at a speed which they will not get in UK, he added.

The Minister said that the confidence that CII has demonstrated in terms of India’s ability to overcome the COVID-19 pandemic, has truly been remarkable. “We will rapidly recover, ensure businesses come back on track & we will back to the growth trajectory. We believe our manufacturing ecosystem will grow by $300 billion in the next 5 years. For boosting the domestic consumption & exports, we are focusing on the 24 industry sub-sectors.”

Shri Goyal said that India ensured all its international commitments were met during the pandemic. He said “This is the trusted partnership India offers to the world which has been recognized. All through the pandemic, our services exports were at 90% of last year’s level of the corresponding period.This has added to the credibility of India as a trusted partner world over. Under the leadership of Shri  NarendraModi, we have been able to earn the Goodwill,  Friendship, Trust of world leaders & countries”.

Expressing happiness over the rapid financial recovery in India, Shri Goyal said that Railways freight loading has increased by 4% in August 2020, as compared to corresponding period last year.In first 13 days of September, Railways has carried 12% more freight compared to same period last year.

Talking about the Digitalisation, Shri Goyal said that have been given a task by the Prime Minister to take Wi-Fi to every corner, every village of the country in the next 1000 days.  “I am certain partnership between Govt & industry will ensure that we make this a grand success. It is extremely important in post COVID world. India has been a beneficiary of huge investments made in the last 6 years in several such initiatives.All these have held India in good stead during the pandemic”, the Minister said. He added that in fact, India is currently witnessed to a revelation about how certain countries are indulging in a lot of data management, data crunching which is not in India’s national security interest.

Priya Yadav,

Along with the promotion of education, the practice of child marriage is being raised from Indian society. But a few years ago this was a terrible problem. Along with the question of child marriage, there is also the question of the appropriate age of marriage, which is necessary to decide in all countries.

The reason for child marriage are:-
(I) Religious conservatism:

Religious fundamentalism is the biggest reason for child marriage. Many Hindu scriptures have strongly supported child marriage and it has been called a sin to keep the tides of a girl for a long time. Therefore, religion also makes his parents yellow at the tender age.

(II) Intermarriage:

Due to the prohibition of marriage, caste, gotra, and exclusion among Hindus, the parents of the girl had a lot of trouble in finding the bride. Therefore, as soon as a good boy was found, as soon as the guardian of the girl was married to him.

(III) Sati practice:

Indirectly, the practice of Sati was also the reason for child marriage. When his husband died, his wife would also become sati with him. Therefore, with the idea of ​​protecting the children, they were married in childhood so that the boy could get protection in the house of the girl-boy after the death of the parents.

(IV) bridesmaid system:

A major reason for child marriage is the bridesmaid or dowry system. Due to this, many people think of marrying a girl as soon as possible after getting a bride.

(V) Joint family:

Even when married in a joint family, the boys had no responsibility for their wife and children. Therefore, there was no difficulty in getting married at a young age. This encouraged child marriage. All the above reasons except dowry are now gradually ending. Hence, child marriage is also seen to occur very rarely. Nowadays, the reason for this is high illiteracy and consequently conservatism.

In India, the first act was made in 1860 to stop child marriage, according to which the minimum age of marriage of girls was fixed at 10 years, but the public did not accept this law.

In 1891, an act was made to increase the age of marriage of girls to 13 years. In 1928, the Age Acceptance Committee strongly opposed child marriage and stated that most people do not know the laws made in this subject until now. In 1929, Har Vilas Sarada introduced a bill that was approved under the Prevention of Child Marriage Act. According to this, the age of marriage was fixed at least 18 years for boys and 14 years for girls.

In 1954, the Special Marriage Act fixed the age limit of civil marriage for boys and girls as 21 and 18 years respectively.
These legal measures have not completely removed the evil of child marriage from the country.

The earth has a specific carrying capacity that once exceeded, can lead to fewer resources for the globe’s population.The world population increases by about 83 million people every year .If this happens, it equates to overpopulation. If populations continue to increase as they are now, there will be about 10 billion people worldwide by 2050.Over 750 million people do not have access to safe drinking water. This has contributed greatly to poor sanitation and spread of diseases especially in third world countries.

Close to 230 million infants below the age of 5 have never been officially registered. This is a third of the current infant population below this age. The number is higher in areas where there is less literacy levels like Sub-Saharan Africa and the South East Asia

To protect the environment, families may be forced to reduce their numbers. This is already happening in some countries where the average number of children per family is 2. This is an initiative with an aim of ensuring that there are enough resources left for survival in the environment.

Asia has 60% of the world population. This is posited by the fact that three of the world’s most populous countries come from Asia. These include China (1.38 billion), India (1.32 billion) and Indonesia (260 million).

The reason India’s population is the second highest in the world is due to having a large proportional population already. The Indian and Chinese civilizations have always had a large population compared with others. The reason for this is because those lands are fertile. Before the industrial revolution, the population had met its maximum viable capacity. But as countries industrialized, the death rates fell, causing population growth which increased demand for resources. However, the increased demand was met with increased supply as more efficient farming techniques were invented.

India has a lot of births (approximately 360,000 per day). However, this can be attributed to its already large population of 1.3 billion. However, it was actually only 2.4 births per woman which is actually a little below the global average of 2.5 births per woman. Israel actually has a higher fertility rate of 3.1 births per woman yet not nearly as many people say that they’re overrun with overpopulation.

We can sort this overpopulation by –

Simply educating men and women about contraception can have a big impact. When Iran introduced a national family planning programme in 1989, its fertility rate fell from 5.6 births per woman to 2.6 in a decade. A similar effort in Rwanda saw a threefold increase in contraception usage in just five years. problem of child marriage is highly prominent in certain countries with high population like India, Pakistan or Bangladesh. A marriage at a tender age leads to a long span for giving birth. Also young age marriage devoid people of the education and awareness required to be sensitive towards and understand the consequences of raising too many children.

Adoption: Some parents do not have any child, despite costly medical treatment. It is advisable that they should adopt orphan children. It will be beneficial to orphan children and children couples. Government should also provide incentives for adopting.

Spreading awareness: People need to be told and made to understand the consequences of having too many children. Government and non-government institutions can carry awareness campaigns informing people how they will be unable to provide good nutrition, education or medical facilities to their children if they have too many. Population is also a reason for illiteracy and diseases and malnutrition and the negative effects of it are required to be communicated to the general public to expand their reasoning and understanding.

Excessive population has various adverse effects including undue pressure on natural resources. More people mean more consumption which in turn means more exploitation of fixed and exhaustible resources. Also population is not a universal challenge. It is specific to nations whose economies have yet not achieved full potential and development. Along with China and India, the African and some Latin countries also see an extremely high population growth rate. Rather China, which is the most populated nation, has achieved a very appreciative control over their growth of population though their ways are highly autocratic and cannot be replicated in other countries.

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