Disability etiquette is a set of guidelines dealing specifically with how to approach persons with disabilities . Before knowing about disability etiquettes , it is essential to understand certain basic things such as if someone has a disability don’t assume he/she needs help . In fact , adults with disabilities wants to be treated as an independent persons , So offer help only if the person with disability seems to need it . Physical contact should be avoided . Always speak directly to the person with a disability , not to his/her friend . Persons with disabilities are the best judge of what they can or can’t do .
General Disability Etiquettes
The general disability etiquettes are stated below :
Always put the person first , i.e., say ‘person with disability ‘ rather than ‘disabled person’ . Always avoid the outdated words like handicapped , retarded , physically challenged or differently – abled . For example , refer to ‘person who are blind ‘ rather than ‘ blind person ‘.
In case of introduction to a person with a disability , it is appropriate to shake hands .
When you meet a person with a visual impairment , always identify yourself and others who may be with you .
Leaning or hanging on a person ‘s wheelchair should always be avoided because such act is generally considered annoying . In fact , the chair is the part of the personal body space of the person who uses it.
Always listen carefully as well as attentively when you are having conversations with a person who has difficulty in speaking . Have patience and wait for the person to finish rather than correcting or speaking for that person . Generally , ask short questions that require short time .
When talking with a person who is on a wheelchair or person who uses crutches , keep yourself at eye level in front of the person to facilitate the talk .
To get the attention of a person who is deaf or having hearing impairment , tap the person on the shoulder or wave your hand . You should look directly at the person and speak clearly .
Never patronize person who use wheelchairs by patting them on the head or shoulder .
Always introduce yourself to persons who are blind using your name .
Always avoid asking personal questions to an individual who is differently-abled .
Always give additional time to a person with any disability to do or to say something .
Always have conversation at a normal tone of voice . Don’t talk in high pitch to such individuals .
Don’t pretend to understand if you are facing problem in doing so .
If you need to leave a person who is blind , inform him that you are leaving and ask him if he needs anything before you leave .
Device for harnessing terahertz radiation might help power some portable electronics.
Terahertz waves are electromagnetic radiation with a frequency somewhere between microwaves and infrared light. Also known as “T-rays,” they are produced by almost anything that registers a temperature, including our own bodies and the inanimate objects around us.
Terahertz waves are pervasive in our daily lives, and if harnessed, their concentrated power could potentially serve as an alternate energy source. However, to date there has been no practical way to capture and convert them into any usable form.
Now physicists at MIT have come up with a blueprint for a device they believe would be able to convert terahertz waves into a direct current, a form of electricity that powers many household electronics.
Their design takes advantage of the quantum mechanical, or atomic behavior of the carbon material graphene. They found that by combining graphene with another material, in this case, boron nitride, the electrons in graphene should skew their motion toward a common direction. Any incoming terahertz waves should “shuttle” graphene’s electrons, like so many tiny air traffic controllers, to flow through the material in a single direction, as a direct current.
The researchers have published their results today in the journal Science Advances, and are working with experimentalists to turn their design into a physical device.
“We are surrounded by electromagnetic waves,” says lead author Hiroki Isobe, a postdoc in MIT’s Materials Research Laboratory. “If we can convert that energy into an energy source we can use for daily life, that would help to address the energy challenges we are facing right now.”
Isobe’s co-authors are Liang Fu, the Lawrence C. and Sarah W. Biedenharn Career Development Associate Professor of Physics at MIT; and Su-yang Xu, a former MIT postdoc who is now an assistant professor chemistry at Harvard University.
Breaking graphene’s symmetry
Over the last decade, scientists have looked for ways to harvest and convert ambient energy into usable electrical energy. They have done so mainly through rectifiers, devices that are designed to convert electromagnetic waves from their oscillating (alternating) current to direct current.
Most rectifiers are designed to convert low-frequency waves such as radio waves, using an electrical circuit with diodes to generate an electric field that can steer radio waves through the device as a DC current. These rectifiers only work up to a certain frequency, and have not been able to accommodate the terahertz range.
A few experimental technologies that have been able to convert terahertz waves into DC current do so only at ultracold temperatures — setups that would be difficult to implement in practical applications.
Instead of turning electromagnetic waves into a DC current by applying an external electric field in a device, Isobe wondered whether, at a quantum mechanical level, a material’s own electrons could be induced to flow in one direction, in order to steer incoming terahertz waves into a DC current.
Such a material would have to be very clean, or free of impurities, in order for the electrons in the material to flow through without scattering off irregularities in the material. Graphene, he found, was the ideal starting material.
To direct graphene’s electrons to flow in one direction, he would have to break the material’s inherent symmetry, or what physicists call “inversion.” Normally, graphene’s electrons feel an equal force between them, meaning that any incoming energy would scatter the electrons in all directions, symmetrically. Isobe looked for ways to break graphene’s inversion and induce an asymmetric flow of electrons in response to incoming energy.
Looking through the literature, he found that others had experimented with graphene by placing it atop a layer of boron nitride, a similar honeycomb lattice made of two types of atoms — boron and nitrogen. They found that in this arrangement, the forces between graphene’s electrons were knocked out of balance: Electrons closer to boron felt a certain force while electrons closer to nitrogen experienced a different pull. The overall effect was what physicists call “skew scattering,” in which clouds of electrons skew their motion in one direction.
Isobe developed a systematic theoretical study of all the ways electrons in graphene might scatter in combination with an underlying substrate such as boron nitride, and how this electron scattering would affect any incoming electromagnetic waves, particularly in the terahertz frequency range.
He found that electrons were driven by incoming terahertz waves to skew in one direction, and this skew motion generates a DC current, if graphene were relatively pure. If too many impurities did exist in graphene, they would act as obstacles in the path of electron clouds, causing these clouds to scatter in all directions, rather than moving as one.
“With many impurities, this skewed motion just ends up oscillating, and any incoming terahertz energy is lost through this oscillation,” Isobe explains. “So we want a clean sample to effectively get a skewed motion.”
One direction
They also found that the stronger the incoming terahertz energy, the more of that energy a device can convert to DC current. This means that any device that converts T-rays should also include a way to concentrate those waves before they enter the device.
With all this in mind, the researchers drew up a blueprint for a terahertz rectifier that consists of a small square of graphene that sits atop a layer of boron nitride and is sandwiched within an antenna that would collect and concentrate ambient terahertz radiation, boosting its signal enough to convert it into a DC current.
“This would work very much like a solar cell, except for a different frequency range, to passively collect and convert ambient energy,” Fu says.
The team has filed a patent for the new “high-frequency rectification” design, and the researchers are working with experimental physicists at MIT to develop a physical device based on their design, which should be able to work at room temperature, versus the ultracold temperatures required for previous terahertz rectifiers and detectors.
“If a device works at room temperature, we can use it for many portable applications,” Isobe says.
He envisions that, in the near future, terahertz rectifiers may be used, for instance, to wirelessly power implants in a patient’s body, without requiring surgery to change an implant’s batteries.
“We are taking a quantum material with some asymmetry at the atomic scale, that can now be utilized, which opens up a lot of possibilities,” Fu says.
This research was funded in part by the U.S. Army Research Laboratory and the U.S. Army Research Office through the Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies (ISN).
Liquid water may still flow on Mars, but that doesn’t mean it’s easy to spot. The search for water on the Red Planet has taken more than 15 years to turn up definitive signs that liquid flows on the surface today. In the past, however, rivers and oceans may have covered the land. Where did all of the liquid water go? Why? How much of it still remains?
Observations of the Red Planet indicate that rivers and oceans may have been prominent features in its early history. Billions of years ago, Mars was a warm and wet world that could have supported microbial life in some regions. But the planet is smaller than Earth, with less gravity and a thinner atmosphere. Over time, as liquid water evaporated, more and more of it escaped into space, allowing less to fall back to the surface of the planet.
Where is the water today?
Liquid water appears to flow from some steep, relatively warm slopes on the Martian surface. Features known as recurring slope lineae (RSL) were first identified in 2011in images taken by the High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) camera aboard the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO). The dark streaks, which appear seasonally, were confirmed to be signs of salty water running on the surface of the planet.
“If this is correct, then RSL on Mars may represent the surface expression of a far more significant ongoing drainage system on steep slopes in the mid-latitudes,” a research team member told Space.com in 2012.
“The detection of hydrated salts on these slopes means that water plays a vital role in the formation of these streaks,” the study’s lead author, Lujendra Ojha, of the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta, said in a statement. Vast deposits of water appear to be trapped within the ice caps at the north and south poles of the planet. Each summer, as temperatures increase, the caps shrink slightly as their contents skip straight from solid to gas form, but in the winter, cooler temperatures cause them to grow to latitudes as low as 45 degrees, or halfway to the equator. The caps are an average of 2 miles (3 kilometers) thick and, if completely melted, could cover the Martian surface with about 18 feet (5.6 meters) of water.
Frozen water also lies beneath the surface. Scientists discovered a slab of ice as large as California and Texas combined in the region between the equator and north pole of the Red Planet. The presence of subsurface water has long been suspected but required the appearance of strange layered craters to confirm. Other regions of the planet may contain frozen water, as well. Some high-latitude regions seem to boast patterned ground-shapes that may have formed as permafrost in the soil freezes and thaws over time.
The European Space Agency’s Mars Express spacecraft captured images of sheets of ice in the cooler, shadowed bottoms of craters, which suggests that liquid water can pool under appropriate conditions. Other craters identified by NASA’s Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter show similar pooling.
Evidence for water on Mars first came to light in 2000, with the appearance of gullies that suggested a liquid origin. Their formation has been hotly debated over the ensuing years.
But not everyone thinks that Mars contains water today. New research reveals that RSL may actually have formed by granular flows formed by the movement of sand and dust.
“We’ve thought of RSL as possible liquid water flows, but the slopes are more like what we expect for dry sand,” lead author Colin Dundas said in a statement. “This new understanding of RLS supports other evidence that shows that Mars today is very dry.”
That idea may have been washed away by the recent discovery of a possible subsurface lake near the Martian South Pole.
An underground lake?
Researchers made a big splash when they announced that Mars might be hiding a lake beneath its southern pole. The European Mars Express spacecraft used its Mars Advanced Radar for Subsurface and Ionosphere Sounding (MARSIS) to detect the proposed water. Ground-penetrating radar sent radar pulses to the surface, then timed how long it took for them to be reflected. The properties of the subsurface layers affect how long it takes for the beams to return.
MARSIS’ investigation revealed that the Martian south pole is composed of multiple layers of ice and dust to a depth of about nearly 1 mile (1.5 kilometers) spread over a 124-mile-wide (200 km) region.
“This subsurface anomaly on Mars has radar properties matching water or water-rich sediments,” Roberto Orosei, principal investigator of the MARSIS experiment and lead author of the new research, said in a statement.
MARSIS also revealed the presence of a subsurface lake among the pockets. According to the radar echoes, the lake is no more than 12.5 miles (20 km) across, buried nearly a mile beneath the surface. The scientists aren’t certain of the lake’s depth, but they have confirmed that it is at least 3 feet (1 meter) deep. According to the researchers, the lake must have salt to keep from freezing.
“This is just one small study area; it is an exciting prospect to think there could be more of these underground pockets of water elsewhere, yet to be discovered,” Orosei said.
Not all researchers are as certain about the presence of liquid water.
“I think it’s a very, very persuasive argument, but it’s not a conclusive or definitive argument,” Steve Clifford, a Mars researcher at the Planetary Science Institute in Arizona, told Space.com. “There’s always the possibility that conditions that we haven’t foreseen exist at the base of the cap and are responsible for this bright reflection.”
More than three decades ago, Clifford proposed that Mars could harbor liquid water beneath its polar caps in the same way that Earth does. On Earth, lakes beneath the Antarctic and Greenland ice sheets are created when heat from within the planets melt the glaciers in patches. Clifford told Space.com that a similar scenario could happen beneath the Martian polar ice caps.
“The bright spot seen in the MARSIS data is an unusual feature and extremely intriguing,” Jim Green, NASA’s chief scientist, said in a statement. “It definitely warrants further study. Additional lines of evidence should be pursued to test the interpretation.”
“We hope to use other instruments to study it further in the future,” Green said.
Liquid gold
Water may seem like a very common element to those of us stuck on Earth, but it has great value. In addition to understanding how Mars may have changed and developed over time, scientists hope that finding water will help them to find something even more valuable — life, either past or present.
Only Earth is known to host life, and life on our planet requires water. Though life could conceivably evolve without relying on this precious liquid, scientists can only work with what they know. Thus they hope that locating water on celestial bodies such as Mars will lead to finding evidence for life.
With this in mind, NASA developed a strategy for exploring the Red Planet that takes as its mantra “follow the water.” Recent orbiters, landers, and rovers sent to Mars were designed to search for water, rather than life, in the hopes of finding environments where life could have thrived.
That has changed, however, with the flood of evidence these robots have returned. Curiosity determined that Mars could indeed have supported microbial life in the ancient past, and the next NASA rover — a car-size robot-based heavily on Curiosity’s basic design — will blast off in 2020 to look for evidence of past Red Planet life.
How can you describe a great leader? Great leaders aren’t always found with title CEO or manager on their business card.
Anyone can demonstrate leadership qualities.
It’s not about winning a popularity contest. You don’t have to be liked to be respected. It’s about serving and influencing others regardless of their job title in the effort to achieve a certain goal. More than anything, it’s about creating harmony in an environment where people want to work together.
In one study, leadership qualities such as assertiveness, adaptability, intelligence, and conscientiousness were cited as the most important. Transformational leaders are positive, empowering, and inspiring. They value followers and inspire them to perform better. So what can you do to embrace these valued leadership qualities and become a stronger and more effective leader?
Transformational leadership are usually described as enthusiastic, passionate, genuine and energetic. These leaders are not just concerned about helping the group achieve its goals; they also care about helping each member of the group reach his or her full potential.
Leadership can be a struggle to develop, as there are intrinsic qualities that are tough to cultivate.
But if you’re willing to face the challenge, and follow these guidelines, then you’ll be on the right path to becoming the leader your business needs to succeed.
Encourage Creativity
Intellectual stimulation is one of the leadership qualities that define transformational leadership. Followers need to be encouraged to express their creativity. Effective leaders should offer new challenges with ample support to achieve these goals.
Serve as a Role Model
Idealized influence is another of the four key components of transformational leadership. Transformational leaders exemplify the behaviors and characteristics that they encourage in their followers. They walk the walk and talk the talk. As a result, group members admire these leaders and work to emulate these behaviors.
Be Passionate
You can develop this leadership quality by thinking of different ways that you can express your zeal. Let people know that you care about their progress. When one person shares something with the rest of the group, be sure to tell them how much you appreciate such contributions.
Listen and Communicate Effectively
By keeping the lines of communication open, these leaders can ensure that group members feel able to make contributions and receive recognition for their achievements.
Have a Positive Attitude
Even when things look bleak and your followers start to feel disheartened, try to stay positive. This does not mean viewing things through rose-colored glasses. It simply means maintaining a sense of optimism and hope in the face of challenges.
Wireshark is a free and open-source packet analyzer. It is used for network troubleshooting, analysis, software and communications protocol development, and education. Originally named Ethereal, the project was renamed Wireshark in May 2006 due to trademark issues. Wireshark is cross-platform, using the Qt widget toolkit in current releases to implement its user interface, and using pcap to capture packets. It runs on Linux, macOS, BSD, Solaris, some other Unix-like operating systems, and Microsoft Windows.
Features
Available for UNIX and Windows.
Capture live packet data from a network interface.
Open files containing packet data captured with tcpdump/WinDump, Wireshark, and many other packet capture programs.
Import packets from text files containing hex dumps of packet data.
Display packets with very detailed protocol information.
Save packet data captured.
Export some or all packets in a number of capture file formats.
Filter packets on many criteria.
Search for packets on many criteria.
Colorize packet display based on filters.
Create various statistics.
Requirements
The amount of resources Wireshark needs depends on your environment and on the size of the capture file you are analyzing.
Microsoft Windows
Wireshark should support any version of Windows that is still within its extended support lifetime. •
At the time of writing this includes Windows 10, 8.1, Server 2019, Server 2016, Server 2012 R2, and Server 2012.
The Universal C Runtime. This is included with Windows 10 and Windows Server 2019.
Any modern 64-bit AMD64/x86-64 or 32-bit x86 processor.
500 MB available RAM. Larger capture files require more RAM.
500 MB available disk space. Capture files require additional disk space.
Any modern display. 1280 × 1024 or higher resolution is recommended.
A supported network card for capturing.
macOS
Wireshark supports macOS 10.12 and later.
Similar to Windows, supported macOS versions depend on third party libraries and on Apple’s requirements.
UNIX, Linux, and BSD
Wireshark runs on most UNIX and UNIX-like platforms including Linux and most BSD variants.
The system requirements should be comparable to the specifications listed above for Windows.
security attacks considered in wireshark
LOCAL AREA NETWORK ATTACKS
ARP Poisoning Attack
MAC Flooding Attack
DOS Attacks
DHCP Spoofing Attack
VLAN Hopping
Working diagram of Wireshark
Advantages of using Wireshark
Free software
Available for multiple platforms – Windows & UNIX
Can see detailed information about packets within a network
Not proprietary can be used on multiple vendors unlike Cisco Prime
Disadvantages of using Wireshark
Notifications will not make it evident if there is an intrusion in the network
Can only gather information from the network, cannot send
“With the dawning of a new age, after pandemics have done their work, we may find ourselves at the watershed of singular considerations about how to handle the changes that revolutionize our lives, and trace the silver lining in a new reality. (What do they think behind their dirty aprons?)” ― Erik Pevernagie
TASTE THE POWER OF THE ‘PROVERB’
Clouds are the symbol of grave period of life and the silver lining as mentioned refers to the bright, contented, or enjoyable times. It is very obvious that the entire proverb is about optimism. If an individual is positive even in the murkiest of periods, then indeed things will ultimately be in his/her favour. However, if the individual has a pessimistic approach towards life, then no opportunity in his/her life can ever make him/her gratified and he/she will end up in difficulties. Ups and Downs are part and parcel of life. In fact, if these did not exist, life would have been boring and meaningless. All these understandings enhance us in some way or the other and help us to become strongminded individuals. In fact, all the hardships and difficulties we face in life have the effect of making us richer in experience and educate us to embark upon adverse situations. Therefore, it can be appropriately said that ‘Every Cloud has a Silver Lining’.
HOW DARKNESS PENETRATES OUR LIVES
To elucidate the above, let us analyse the problems of a person called Kamal. He was an average person, coming from a middle-class family. His parents, who were well-educated themselves, wanted him to have the best education and so he was admitted to the best school in the city. As a student, he outshined neither in academics nor in sports and was always placed in the middle of his class in both. Even in extra co-curricular activities Kamal did not leave behind any distinctive mark. Being an obedient child, he was always guided by parental advice, which prevented the development of his personality and as a result, he lacked self-confidence.
AN IRON DETERMINATION PAVES THE WAY
However, Kamal’s life went disordered with the sudden demise of his father in an accident. The family was staring at imminent poverty because his father was the sole bread-winner and the pension that they were to get was not enough to fund the education of both Kamal and his younger sister. All of a sudden, the entire burden of the family descended on Kamal’s young shoulders, but that was a blessing in disguise because the misfortune made him resolute. He developed into a very strong-willed individual who was ready to take on the world legitimately. Kamal took stock of the situation and started providing private tuitions to supplement the family income. In doing so, he realized that his actual calling in life was to be an academician. Gradually, he cleared all the examinations with flying colours and at a very young age joined an elite institution as a there has been no looking back since then. Had the disaster never occurred, Kamal might have followed and done what his parents believed fit for him instead of realizing his own potential and aptitude in life and society would have been left without a very good teacher.
SO…BE OPTIMISTIC
Like Kamal, there are millions of such individuals who suffer major hindrances in their lives but still manage to pull through. So, one should never feel hopeless because of problems, as no individual in this world leads an uncomplicated existence. Whenever clouds of worries appear, they always carry an indication of something better that might happen.So, we must be inspired from such events and should always move frontward in life even if it is hard for us to do so. Strong willpower and undying hope pave the way for success to be achieved. Every single problem in life is like a riddle which hides some solution and a mindful search for that solution open many closed doors of achievements.
Digital marketing the world become digitalizing day to day.
Every things we can do with digital, we are become digital life’s.
Marketing is main source for improve companies, on before digital life’s there was we have person to person and posters to expose their products and services
Now , we are in surviving digital life’s . every things will get on internet so the bases of internet ,we have recognised by Digital marketing .
The digital marketing it is high level, digital marketing refers to advertising delivered through digital channels such as search engines, websites, social media, email, and mobile apps.
by help of these online media channels, digital marketing is the method by which companies endorse goods, brands and services.
On these digital marketing we have a wide range of digital marketing jobs out there meaning there are a huge variety of career options.
Video/audio production.
Interactive technology (such as AI)
Mobile marketing.
Search engine optimization (SEO)
Search engine marketing (SEM)
Social media.
E-commerce.
Email marketing.
Scopes for digital marketing
The scope of digital marketing is quite good. Anyone who is looking to learning digital marketing would surely get a good benefit from it. There are also huge of job opportunities available in the field .
How can you start
There we have many web sites and blogs, start learning digital marketing help of reading books or blogs, enrolling in courses, watching videos on YouTube, listening to podcasts, watching webinars, and more.
We all tend to procrastinate in one way or another. Procrastination is delaying important tasks to do unimportant tasks instead.
Why would we want to complete tasks when we can spend our time doing more enjoyable things like watching a movie, going outside, playing a game, etc.
There are several reasons why people tend to procrastinate. They are due to depression, anxiety, perfectionism, fear of evaluation, lack of energy, or lack of motivation.
The first step to stop procrastinating is to figure out the reason behind it. So, you can start working on strategies to overcome it.
Procrastination is a bad habit. It stops us from reaching our potential. Yes, we can complete the assignment one minute before the deadline. But will that assignment be good?
So, here are a few tips that could help you break this cycle of procrastination:
Stop waiting for the right time to do the task. I had a habit of waiting for the right time. There is no right time. Take the time you have now and make it right.
Remember to give yourself breaks after completing the task. We cannot just keep working all day. Our brains need a break to rest. So, give yourself a break after you complete the task.
Another thing to do is forgive yourself if you procrastinated for a day. I try to be productive every day but, there are some days where I do not feel like doing much. That is okay too. We do not have to be so hard on ourselves. Just remember to make the next day count.
If you are not starting a few tasks because you think it is a lot of work. You should try dividing them into parts. This will give you enough time to complete everything without feeling drenched.
Reward yourself after completing tasks. This will make you feel accomplished and keep you motivated to do more because it comes with a reward.
When you enter a cycle of completing your tasks and then enjoying your time. It will give you a great sense of accomplishment. It feels great to do things beforehand instead of delaying them. This will make you feel more productive every day. This way you will not feel guilty for having fun.
Now, the next thing to do is to imagine yourself in a situation five years from now. You have completely failed in your life. All the dreams you had could not be fulfilled. Think about your emotions in this situation. Give yourself time to really imagine this situation.
Now how do you feel?
It is your procrastination that came in the way of your success. You kept delaying things and never ended up working for your dreams and future.
Lucky for us, it was just a situation that could happen if we keep procrastinating. We still have time with us to change the situation. Everything you do from this point should contribute to you not being in that situation.
Material Requirement Planning is a special technique to plan the requirements of materials for production. For the manufacturing company to produce the end items to meet demands the availability of sufficient production capacity must be coordinated with the availability of all raw materials and purchased items from which, the end items are to be produced.
In other words, there is a need to manage the availability of dependent demand items from which the products are made. Dependent demand items are the components, i.e., materials or purchased items, fabricated parts or sub-assemblies that make up the end product.
One approach to manage the availability of dependent demand items is to keep a high stock of all the items that might be needed to procured the end items and when the on-hand stock drops below a present re-order level, the items are procured or bought as the case may be to replenish the stock to the maximum level.
However, this approach is costly due to the excessive inventory of components, fabricated parts and sub-assemblies to ensure high service level.
An alternative approach to manage these items is to plan for procurement or manufacture of the specific components that will be required to produce the required quantities of end products as per the production schedule indicated by the master production schedule (MPS). The technique is known as Material Requirement Planning (MRP) technique.
Focous on what ypu are feeling right now. If you’re sad,feel the sadness. Share your feelings with someone close to you. Do something nice for yourself. Take time to count your blessings. Eat well. Make social connections. Spend more time with your favourite person. Do what you like the most .
Negative thoughts affect areas of the brain that cause depression and anxiety. Positive thoughts on the other hand trigger chemical changes that trigger feelings of intense happiness and satisfaction.
Everyone has negative thoughts sometimes,but when you negative thoughts that cycle through your mind repeatdly,it can cause problems.Recurring negative thoughts can be symptoms of anxiety and depression disorders.
However, these positive emotions last only for a brief period and in order to fully experience its benifits, it is necessary that these positive thoughts be thought often.
Negative thinking can feel outside of your control and completely automatic. Fortunately,research and studies have come up with great ways with whose help you can break the habit of negative thinking and develop a more positive outlook towards life.This practice of overcoming negative thoughts has been studied and proven and has helped many individuals change their lives.
Given below is a list of these effective ways that can help you alter your thought pattern and learn to handle your negative thoughts in a positive way.
1)Be conscious of your thoughts:
As soon as you find yourself thinking a negative thought,stop yourself from thinking it.
One thought can lead to another and before you know you are experiencing deep grief and sorrow over your past mistake or hurts.
It is therefore important you stop at that very first negative thought itself. The next thing you can do is replace it with a postive thought or reframe your thought pattern into a positive one.Doing this will help you feel more positive and helpful.
2.keep youself Busy:
“An idle mind is the devil’s workshop” is a very true saying when it comes to negative thoughts.If you notice,you are more prone to negative thinking when you are sitting idle,rather than when you are busy.
According to research ,keeping your hands and mind occupied by doing tasks like cleaning, sorting, knitting etc., helps keep your mind off negative thoughts. Mainly keeping busy is associated with a battery of brain benefits.
This is because the busier you are the lesser time you have to devote to negative thoughts.
3. Avoid Triggers:
It is very easy to fall into the rut of negative thinking.That’s why it is important that one pay attention to their environment and intentionally remove all triggers that would initiate negative thoughts.
It could be a gift from an ex or a picture or a friend or a neighbour or a relative who might be the constant source of negative thoughts in your life.
According to some researchers,negative thinking is also a habit that one can easily pick up from others.Minimizing contact with such people and avoiding negative triggers can help keep you sane and positive.
4. Sufficient Rest and Sleep:
Lack of sleep greatly affects your mood,causing you to feel anxious, irritable and angry.Getting the sufficinet 8 hours of sleep helps keep the negative thoughts away and greatly improves your mental health.
Psychologists state that there is an important relationship between sleep and mood.
5. Music :
Listening to upbeat music is a great way to keep the negative thoughts away. It is hard to enterain troubling thoughts when you are listening to some groovy music.
According to reserachers just listening to your favourite music for 25 minutes, a day can bring about a great mood change and have a positive effect on your health and day .
6. Exercise :
Physically active people who exercises often according to study conducted by the researchers from the penn state university were found to experience greater feelings of enthusiasm and excitment. These people tend to experience more pleasant and happy feelings than people who exercise less or don’t exercise at all.
It is associated with pleasure and happiness is released in the brain every time you exercise,making it harder for negative thiughts to enter your mind.
7. Meditation :
Meditation is another great way to ward off negative thoughts and fill your mind with positivity. Brain studies have found out that meditation can help deactive the area of the brain that is responsible for the continuous negative thought pattern.
Meditating even just for 10 minutes a day can bring about a positive impact in your life.
8. Diet :
Many studies have found a siginificant correlation between a nutritionally poor diet that is high in refined sugars and impaired brain function. Mood and food have an important connection.
Eating nutritious food that is rich in vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants not only nourishes your brain but significantly impacts your thought processes and how you feel.
It is never too late to try changing your negative thought pattern. Try the above- proven methods and see how much difference positive thinking brings in your life
” Time and tide wait for none”. No matter how many times we hear or see this clichéd quote, not all of us actually understand the essence of these words. Time management is an essential skill for aspirants of all kinds. In this fast-evolving world, one must keep up par with others to achieve their goal. The fact that smart work is better than hard work is of the essence. Productivity is smart work. One such method to maintain productivity in our daily life is the Pomodoro technique.
Pomodoro technique is a time management method where a timer is used to break down the work at hand into intervals, separated by short breaks. This method was developed by Francesco Cirillo in the late 1980s. Each interval is called a ‘Pomodoro’ the Italian word for tomato, the tomato-shaped kitchen timer that Cirillo used as a college student.
The original technique has 6 steps
1. Choose a task you would like to get done
No matter how small or big the task is, it deserves your full undivided attention.
2. Set the timer for 25 minutes
Keep a promise to yourself that you don’t interrupt yourself for just 25 minutes. You can use your mobile timer or a good old clock for timing your session.
3. Work on the task until the timer rings
Immerse yourself. Meanwhile, if you remember anything other than the work at hand, write it down on a sheet of paper. You can give them thought later.
4. When the timer rings, tick off your completed task
Hurray! You have given your undivided attention to the task for 25 minutes.
5. Take a short break
Take a deep breath, meditate, grab a cup of your favourite beverage go for a stroll or do something that is relaxing for your brain to reward yourself.
6. After every 4 Pomodoros take a longer break
A break of 20 to 30 minutes is good enough to rest, preview the information and prepare yourself for the next set of Pomodoros.
To make the best out of these Pomodoro sessions you can:
Use the first few minutes of the session to review what you have done earlier.
Set up a timetable and try to be devoted to it.
You can use airplane mode or do not disturb mode on your mobile. (Apply only if you are not accountable for not picking up calls 🙂
Be mindful of the shorter breaks. They might prolong at times, thus unsettling your next Pomodoro cycle.
Understand your body — find out which part of the day you are most productive. This can work wonders and get a lot of things done.
The rules of the Pomodoro technique are not necessarily rigid. If you are not able to pull up 4 Pomodoros continuously, opt for one or two Pomodoros in a day. At the end of the day, what matters the most is how much productive and focus you are in those sessions and how much work gets done. You can also vary the time interval as 50/10 (50 minutes of focus and 10 minutes of break) instead of the traditional 25/5 technique if you are quite confident about your focus.
This technique is useful if you feel distracted or overwhelmed to focus on what matters to you. It has worked well for me in this lockdown and has helped a lot in my exam preparations. Hope it works for you too!
There many programming languages in this world written in many languages. Different companies uses different programming languages. What is actually a programming language ? A programming language is a set of commands, instructions and other syntaxes to computer to perform a specific task. In this blog, I am going to tell you the most popular and top programming languages in this world.
PYTHON
There is no doubt that python is the number one programming language. Python is powerful and easy language to learn. It is very easy to read and understand. Python is the trending programming language in the world. It is the favorite language for many beginners. Python is used in many trending subjects like Artificial Intelligence, Data Science and Machine Learning. It has great libraries like Numpy, PyTorch, Pandas which makes machine learning very easy. In python, you can easily find bug or error in your code. It is used for scientific and computational applications like FreeCad and Abacus. The popular websites like Google, MicrosoftYouTube, Pinterest, and Instagram use it. The average salary of python developer is $100,000.
2. JAVASCRIPT
JavaScript is thought to be the most consistentprogramming language, because it demand never goes off. You can use JavaScript to build web applications, desktop apps, mobile apps and many more. Millions of the websites in the internet depend on JavaScript. Giant tech companies like Google, Facebook, Microsoft and Uber use JavaScript. JavaScript is best option for you along with HTML and CSS. The average salary of JavaScript developer is $84,000.
3. JAVA
Java is a popular programming language since 2000’s. Java is a independent platform runs on a virtual machine(JVM). Just like python, java is also easy to learn. Java is fundamentally object-oriented. Those who want to learn android development, then java is right option for you. Java language is continuing creating new jobs in tech field. Giant companies like Google, Amazon and YouTube use java. Around 40 percent of developers use java. The average salary of java developer is $80,000.
4. C / C++
C language is considered to be the mother of all other programming languages. C is a perfect language for a beginner to learn. Comparing to the other languages c just have 32 keywords. Being one of the oldest programming language it demand hasn’t down yet. Around 23 percent of the developers use C language. Giant tech companies like Google, Apple, intel use C / C++. The average salary of a C / C++ developer is $78,000.
5. KOTLIN
Kotlin is a open source and general purpose language. Within short period of time it gained full popularity. According to a survey Kotlin is one of the fivemostpopularlanguage. Kotlin is best language for android development. Kotlin is designed to interoperate fully with java and JVM version of Kotlin library. Around 60 percent of the android developersare using Kotlin. Some of the most popular apps that are built using Kotlin are Tinder, Square, Evernote. Giant tech companies that use Kotlin are Google, Amazon, Netflix and many more. The average salary of a Kotlin developer is $77,000.
All these are the most popular and top programming languages. If you like my work, please like it and rate it. Thank you.
UNIX is a multi-user and multitasking operating system. in a multi-user environment. the computer can receive the commands from a number of end users programs, access files, and print documents simultaneously.
The host computer, which has a UNIX operating system, provides services to the terminal, such as file access services. four terminals are connected to one host computer and all the terminals are sharing resources from the host computer.
Features of UNIX
The general and additional features of UNIX operating system are :
File and Processes : file and process are two entities that are supported by UNIX. A file contains information, such as text, code or directory structure that you need to save in the computer, The file is stored in the hard disk of the computer at a particular location, which can be easily remember whereas a process is the name given to a file or a programs that is currently running . UNIX provides various tools that enable you to control a process, change the sequence of the process, and kill the process.
Multi-user system: UNIX supports multitasking system as the kernel is designed to handle multiple processes. A single user can run multiple process simultaneously. For example, an end user can print a file and edit another file simultaneously. The kernel handles the multiple processes as foreground and background process. The current process runs in the foreground and the other processes run in the background. This multitasking feature is an advantage for the programmers, as they do not have to close the editor and run the program; this can done simultaneously.
UNIX toolkit: The UNIX toolkit provides various tools that are enable you to perform different tasks in UNIX as kernel alone cannot perform every task. The tools that are included in the UNIX toolkit are:
1:- General purpose tools , such as vi editor
2:- Text manipulation utilizes filters that are used to retrieve the output from two or more commands simultaneously .
3:- Compiler and Interpreter .
4:- Network administration and system tools , such as mailx and pine.
Pattern Matching :- UNIX supports pattern matching feature that enables you to retrieve the output according to the required pattern . Pattern matching in UNIX can be implemented using a special characters , such as * known as metacharacter .
Programming Facility :- UNIX provides a programming facility known as shell that is developed specifically for programmers and not for the users .
In this cutting-edge World, who would mind having an extra set of skills. Having proficiency in more than one language is one of the skills needed in today’s era. Being bilingual/multilingual doesn’t mean one can only connect with the world in a more meaningful way but being bilingual/multilingual one can also stand out from the crowd, and advance their career. These are not the only benefits, let’s have a look at some of the benefits in brief. Mentioned below are some of the many benefits a bilingual/multilingual can have:–
Advance your career
Learning a second language can set you apart from your monolingual colleagues and provide you with opportunities for better employment. Companies with overseas clients and foreign customers are looking for fluent professionals in a second language, who can deal with various communities.
Improves decision-making skills
It is found in a study by the University of Chicago that a multilingual person is better at decision making than a monolingual.
When you learn a foreign language, you try to learn native expressions and their hidden meaning, which enhances your decision-making process. It is also proved that the decision you make in a foreign language is more reasonable than the decision you make in your native language.
Connect with people
One of the most incredible advantages of learning a foreign language is opening new windows of opportunities and meeting new people of different communities. When you learn a foreign language, you also generate a sense of better understanding and appreciation towards people from different communities. And you might end up having a lifelong connection with people from different parts of the world. Isn’t it magical?
Sharpens memory
When you learn a new language, your mind is been introduced to various rules, different grammar, and an entirely new set of vocabulary, which exercises your memory. It has also been claimed that people who are into learning a new language find it easier to remember names, facts, directions, and figures.
Makes traveling easy
When you have fluency in more than one language, it is easier to travel to different parts of the world, as it makes it easier to connect with different cultures and native speakers. When you can talk to a native person you can get more information about the place, even the information that is not on the web. Hence, being bilingual/multilingual can make your traveling so much easier.
Be it learning a foreign from a university or online classes. If you are planning to learn one, it will for sure provide you several benefits and will boost your career to new heights.
Over the past several decades , the role of women has changed drastically .However , gender beliefs and stereotypes still do exist across the world especially in sports . Most of the people in our society consider that sports are not meant for females but only for males .Social tradition , customs and cultures have great influence upon the psychology of women . In a male dominating society , males are expected to be aggressive , independent , dominating , robust and confident , whereas females are expected as well as considered to be emotional , sensitive , cooperative , sympathetic , loyal , etc. It is a well – known fact that participation of women in sports is increasing year after year .With this enhancement in female participation in sports , there is also renewed interest in the psychological characteristics of the female athletes and the effects of athletics on women . The various psychological traits of women athletes are stated below .
Gender Role Orientation : It is an established fact that there has been an increase in the level of women’s participation in the types of sports that have been traditionally limited to only males , e.g., wrestling , weightlifting , kick boxing , body building , etc . However , many sports have been still considered inappropriate for women . For a long time it was considered that women should not take part in athletics because of the potentially harmful masculinising effects of sports .
Competitiveness : It is evident that in the field of sports , both men and women are competitive in their own fields . In fact , women are more goal oriented and perform magnificently in artistic activities such as gymnastics . However , a number of research studies indicate that females who take part in sports are more competitive in comparison to the females who do not participate in sports .
Confidence : As mentioned earlier , due to social pressures , women tend to have less confidence than men . Participation in sports , competitive environment , awards and recognitions increase confidence levels of sportspersons . However , a significant difference may exist between sportswomen and non- sportswomen .
Self-esteem : Most of the research studies indicate that training plays a vital role in performance . Self -esteem improves with good performance . In the field of sports , intensive training helps in enhancing self-esteem . Research studies also show that those people who engage in sports have high self-esteem in comparison to non-participants .
Aggression : Aggression is a forceful , goal- directed action that maybe verbal or physical . Participation in sports has many positive aspects which usually involve aggressive behavior . Various studies of aggression show that athletes who participate in contact sports , i.e., football players , judos or wrestlers are more aggressive than the athletes who participate in less contact sports . However , females who participate in contact sports show more aggression in comparison to females who do not participate in sports at all.
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