TOP 10 BILLIONAIRES LIST : 2021

The following are the people who secured Top 10 Billionaires post in the world during this pandemic period.

1)JEFF BEZOS :

CEO and chairman, Amazon

Jeff Bezos founded e-commerce giant Amazon in 1994 out of his garage in Seattle.He stepped down as CEO to become executive chairman on July 5, 2021.

2)Elon Musk :

CEO and Chairman, Tesla

BILLIONAIRE NET WORTH : $151B (as of 4/6/21)

Elon Musk is working to revolutionize transportation both on Earth, through electric car maker Tesla — and in space, via rocket producer SpaceX. He owns 21% of Tesla but has pledged more than half his stake as collateral for loans; Forbes has discounted his stake to take the loans into account.

3)Bernard Arnault & family :

Chairman and CEO, LVMH Moët Hennessy Louis Vuitton.

BILLIONAIRE NET WORTH :$150B (as of 4/6/21)

One of the world’s ultimate taste-makers, Bernard Arnault oversees an empire of 70 brands including Louis Vuitton and Sephora.

4)Bill Gates:

Cofounder, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation

BILLIONAIRE NET WORTH : $124B (as of 4/6/21)

He has invested in dozens of companies including Canadian National Railway and Auto Nation and is one of the largest owners of farmland in the U.S.To date, Gates has donated $35.8 billion worth of Microsoft stock to the Gates Foundation.

5)Mark Zuckerberg :

CEO, Facebook.

BILLIONAIRE NET WORTH : $97B (as of 4/6/21)

Zuckerberg started Facebook at Harvard in 2004 at the age of 19 for students to match names with photos of classmate. Facebook, the social network Zuckerberg runs, has become a go-to communications tool during the coronavirus pandemic lockdown.

6)Warren Buffett :

CEO, Berkshire Hathaway

BILLIONAIRE NET WORTH : $96B

Buffett runs Berkshire Hathaway, which owns more than 60 companies, including insurer Geico, battery maker Duracell and restaurant chain Dairy Queen.The son of a U.S. congressman, he first bought stock at age 11 and first filed taxes at age 13.

7)Larry Ellison:

CEO and Founder, Oracle.

BILLIONAIRE NET WORTH :$93B

Larry Ellison is chairman, chief technology officer and cofounder of software giant Oracle, of which he owns about 35%.He gave up the Oracle CEO role in 2014 after 37 years at the helm.

8)Larry Page :

Cofounder and board member, Alphabet.

BILLIONAIRE NET WORTH : $91.5B

Larry Page stepped down as CEO of Alphabet, the parent of Google, in December 2019 but remains a board member and a controlling shareholder.

9) Sergey Brin:

Cofounder and board member, Alphabet.

BILLIONAIRE NET WORTH : $89B

Sergey Brin stepped down as president of Alphabet, parent company of Google, in December 2019 but remains a controller shareholder and a board member.

10)Mukesh Ambani :

Founder and Chairman, Reliance Industries.

BILLIONAIRE NET WORTH : $84.5B

Mukesh Ambani chairs and runs $74 billion (revenue) Reliance Industries, which has interests in petrochemicals, oil and gas, telecom and retail.

YOUR PASSION IS WAITING FOR YOUR COURAGE TO CAUGHTUP!

             Hello everyone! We all are different in our way and each of us are passionate of various things. It is more essential to be passionate about something and achieve it through success. Passion is an emotion to be acted upon. Without action, passion yields no worthwhile results. Passion is the fuel in the fire of action. When you have passion for something, you love it even when you hate it.

Know What You’re Passionate About:

           Finding what you are passionate about is a journey in itself. Don’t be frustrated if you don’t feel like you know yet. Keep trying new things. It will come even if you have to build it. If you find your passion, or find yourself hot on its trail, don’t give it up.

            What if you know what you have a passion for but you don’t do anything about it? This is the main problem with passion. You can have all the passion in the world for something but if you never do anything about it, that passion is useless.

            Maybe you work a good job that pays all the bills but it doesn’t allow you to truly follow your passion. You’re afraid of what will happen if you change things up. Yes, change is scary, but it’s not until we leave our comfort zone that we find what we’ve been missing out on.

Find who you are:

             You’re the author of your life. Don’t settle for the bare minimum just because it’s working out right now.

You will never know what you’re truly capable of unless you push yourself.             

But even when you pursue your passion, you will find yourself tripped up by failures and other obstacles. You can’t let that get to you. It happens to everyone on the path of following their passion. Abe Lincoln had a strong passion for building a great country. You think he let a few failures stop him from that? Don’t let obstacles get you down.

What It all needs is courage:

              It all needs a trial and courage to do the works. Mark Zuckerberg says, “The biggest risk is not taking risks”. Don’t care whether it succeeds or fails, just go ahead. Make a trial and do it with a courage. If you can’t, then no one else. Believe in yourself. You can , if you believe you can.

              When we do things, we get success or failure. If it turns success, some may fear of what to do next. The success may encourage more in our passion. If it results in failure, no matter, it would have taught a lesson so than we cannot do the same again.

               Don’t get tired. It may be boring or frustrating to reach our goals. Most of the people give up before they succeed. The one who never gives up, never fails. He might faced a couple of failures, but he does not give up. Fuel yourself with courage day by day. Yeah! your passion is waiting. Just show some courage.

               If you fear of showing off yourself, if you fear of failures, if you fear of your own passion, trust me, You are damn foolish. Courage is knowing what not to fear. Wake up brothers and sisters. To achieve what you want, start working for it from today itself. Don’t hide yourself in the dark. Don’t care of what people say. They keep on saying. People don’t care of what you do, they care of what you made. So, come out of the darkness of fear and light up your life with courage.

“If you have the courage to begin,

                             You have the courage to succeed”

Foods that help with period cramps

Menstrual cramps, are an uncomfortable part of life for many women on a monthly basis.

Get in the habit of drinking 6 to 8 glasses of water per day, especially during your period. Staying well hydrated isn’t just good for cramps, it’s good for your overall health. Hydrating with warm or hot liquids is another option that can also help ease your cramps.

Banana. Bananas contain vitamin B6 and potassium, which can help relieve your cramping symptoms. You can also try banana smoothie. While making your smoothie you can add kiwi or pineapple, it also helps in reducing cramps.

Eat more green vegetables Losing blood every month also means you’re losing iron, which can make you feel sluggish and lethargic. Leafy green vegetables such as spinach can boost your iron levels.

Calcium Dairy products such as milk, cheese, and yogurt are rich in calcium. Consuming dairy products help reduce menstrual cramps.

Magnesium and iron can reduce cramps by relaxing blood vessels Foods rich in magnesium include boiled spinach, dry roasted almonds, oats and cooked black beans. Dark chocolate contains magnesium and fiber.

Eggs and Fish. Eggs contain vitamins B6, D, and E, which all work together to fight off the symptoms of PMS. Rich in iron, protein, and omega-3 fatty acids, fish is a nutritious addition to your diet. Lentils and beans are rich in protein, so they’re good meat replacements for vegetarians. Another source of protein for vegetarians and vegans, is tofu that is made up of soybeans. It’s rich in iron, magnesium, and calcium.

Ginger. A warm mug of ginger tea can reduce pain. You can also drink chamomile tea.

Gig Economy

What Is the Gig Economy?

In a gig economy, temporary, flexible jobs are commonplace and companies tend to hire independent contractors and freelancers  instead of full-time employees. A gig economy undermines the traditional economy of full-time workers who often focus on their career development.

Understanding the Gig Economy

In a gig economy, large numbers of people work in part-time or temporary positions or as independent contractors. The result of a gig economy is cheaper, more efficient services, such as Uber or Airbnb, for those willing to use them. People who don’t use technological services such as the Internet may be left behind by the benefits of the gig economy. Cities tend to have the most highly developed services and are the most entrenched in the gig economy. A wide variety of positions fall into the category of a gig. The work can range from driving for Lyft or delivering food to writing code or freelance articles. Adjunct and part-time professors, for example, are contracted employees as opposed to tenure-track or tenured professors. Colleges and universities can cut costs and match professors to their academic needs by hiring more adjunct and part-time professors.

The Factors Behind a Gig Economy

America is well on its way to establishing a gig economy, and estimates show as much as a third of the working population is already in some gig capacity. Experts expect this working number to rise, as these types of positions facilitate independent contracting work, with many of them not requiring a freelancer to come into an office. Gig workers are much more likely to be part-time workers and to work from home. Employers also have a wider range of applicants to choose from because they don’t have to hire someone based on their proximity. Additionally, computers have developed to the point that they can either take the place of the jobs people previously had or allow people to work just as efficiently from home as they could in person.

Economic reasons also factor into the development of a gig economy. Employers who cannot afford to hire full-time employees to do all the work that needs to be done will often hire part-time or temporary employees to take care of busier times or specific projects. On the employee’s side of the equation, people often find they need to move or take multiple positions to afford the lifestyle they want. It’s also common to change careers many times throughout a lifetime, so the gig economy can be viewed as a reflection of this occurring on a large scale.

During the coronavirus pandemic of 2020, the gig economy has experienced significant increases as gig workers have delivered necessities to home-bound consumers, and those whose jobs have been eliminated have turned to part-time and contract work for income. Employers will need to plan for changes to the world of work, including the gig economy, when the pandemic has ended.

Criticisms of the Gig Economy

Despite its benefits, there are some downsides to the gig economy. While not all employers are inclined to hire contracted employees, the gig economy trend can make it harder for full-time employees to develop in their careers since temporary employees are often cheaper to hire and more flexible in their availability. Workers who prefer a traditional career path and the stability and security that come with it are being crowded out in some industries.

For some workers, the flexibility of working gigs can actually disrupt the work-life balance, sleep patterns, and activities of daily life. Flexibility in a gig economy often means that workers have to make themselves available any time gigs come up, regardless of their other needs, and must always be on the hunt for the next gig. Competition for gigs has increased during the pandemic, too. And unemployment insurance usually doesn’t cover gig workers who can’t find employment.

In effect, workers in a gig economy are more like entrepreneurs than traditional workers. While this may mean greater freedom of choice for the individual worker, it also means that the security of a steady job with regular pay, benefits—including a retirement account—and a daily routine that has characterized work for generations are rapidly becoming a thing of the past.

Lastly, because of the fluid nature of gig economy transactions and relationships, long-term relationships between workers, employers, clients, and vendors can erode. This can eliminate the benefits that flow from building long-term trust, customary practice, and familiarity with clients and employers. It could also discourage investment in relationship-specific assets that would otherwise be profitable to pursue since no party has an incentive to invest significantly in a relationship that only lasts until the next gig comes along.

Football’s Feeder Clubs

A ‘feeder club; in football is a club which is tasked to provide training and experience to young players. This training comes with a formal or even an informal agreement which involves successful players to move on to a much bigger club /higher level and to allow young, foreign players to gain a work permit, or for business purposes, such as merchandising. The bigger club is usually a major level club that is the ‘Parent team’

Clubs, who have agreements with smaller clubs to be their feeder/sister teams, usually send their youth players on loan to gain valuable first team experience there. This form of football ecosystem is a smart, efficient and sustainable way to nurture talents as the parent teams’s players can gain precious experience and the lower level teams can have talented youngsters on their books with whom they can achieve their seasonal objectives.

There are many significant clubs in world football who have tie ups with such other clubs, most famous being the City Football Group whose main team is Manchester City and has stakes in clubs like MLS’s New York City FC, Melbourne City FC, Japanese J1 League club Yokohama F. Marinos, Uruguay’s Montevideo City Torque, Spanish Segunda division club Girona FC, Chinese club Sichuan Jiuniu, ISL’s Mumbai City FC, Belgian club Lommel SK and French club Troyes AC.

Another famous example is Red Bull’s network of football clubs. The Austrian energy drink brand’s primary club is Bundesliga’s RB Leipzig, based in Leipzig, and other clubs such as Austrian Bundesliga’s RB Salzburg, New York Red Bulls, Red Bull Brasil, Red Bull Bragantino and Red Bull Ghana. RB Salzburg has it’s own feeder club, FC Lifering which competes a tier below. All Red Bull club’s train their player’s to play an attacking, attractive style of Football which help’s the player’s integration once they transfer to another Red Bull club.

There are other club’s who have tie up’s like above like recently promoted Premier League club Watford, whose owner businessman Giampaolo Pozzo also owns Granada and Serie A club Udinese and there is constant movement in terms of transfers between the three clubs. Chelsea, a club famed for it’s myriad of talented youth players and criticism for it’s abuse of the loan system which has seen the club loaning an army of players every season has a feeder club relationship with the Dutch Eredivisie club Vitesse Arnhem where Chelsea loans many of its players.

Make a great first impression

The first
impression is extremely important because it creates the granite foundation base
for the way in which people perceive us.  
The
famous saying : first impression is the last  exist. Attire/ dress code provides people with the glasses through which
they see us. This is precisely the reason why people should make every effort
to create a good first impression. 

What to
wear to a dollar tree interview ?

Generally, most of  jobs
interview calls  you to wear
professional, or business attire but it should be the righteous one to reflect
your personality. This might mean a suit jacket and slacks with a shirt and tie
or a sweater and button-down. A blouse with skirt , dresses or shirt pants  is appropriate with clean tidy comfortable
shoes.

The colour of the dresses matters . Basic neutral nude  minimal colours suits well and appropriate
for any interview. Avoid wearing bright dark  rainbow colours. It seeks attention  and are eye catching.

Here’s
what you  must wear!

For men:-

·      
A good to go clean white  ironed shirt , long sleeves , button up with  black pants  and formal shoes.

·      
White shirt button up with black or brown khaki pants .

·      
Black shirt with khaki pants and  clean shoes.

·      
A five piece  solid
coloured suit  is also accepted .

For
women:-

·      
A basic blouse with black pencil skirt   and
nude colour  heels/flats.

·      
A vintage style silk white shirt 
with black/green/brown pants .  

·      
 Neutral button up shirts/tops
with  chinos or corduroys .

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Always Remember!

·     
Choose neutrals over   patterns or bright eye catchy colours.

·     
Wear  clean comfortable
shoes.

·     
Button up your shirt .

·     
Prefer leather belts.

·     
Avoid  wearing  jewellery or accessories.

·     
Make  your hair  neatly .

·     
Clean or trim your beard and 
moustaches.

·     
Avoid blue  jeans,
t-shirts, sneakers .

·     
Wear light makeup.

 

 

 

Causes And Impact Of A Recession

What is a Recession?


Recession is a massive decline in economic activities. When the spending capacity falls, recession takes place. Recession hinders the growth of the economy. It affects the economic indicators such as GDP, employment, income. All these indicators experience a fall due to recession.
Simple concept of recession: When unemployment rate increases, purchasing power of the consumers falls. Due to less demand, market declines and businesses can face bankruptcy. Eventually, the overall economic growth is severely affected, which results in fall in GDP.


How does a Recession affect the Economic Indicators?


Recession has a negative effect on the economic indicators like income, employment, GDP.
Recession causes fall in the employment rate. Since, people have lost their jobs, there is no source of income.
GDP is the most important indicator. Real GDP measures the total value generated in a given time. When GDP becomes negative, productivity falls.
When real income of the consumers fall, so does the demand for goods and services.
Employment and real income are interlinked. Negative employment breeds negative income.
Lack of demand in the market forces the businesses to produce less, causing fall in overall industrial production and manufacturing of goods.
Sharp decline in the consumer spending is seen. The economic growth becomes negative and GDP of the country drastically falls and becomes negative.


Causes of a Recession

1.Rise in Interest Rates

Interest rates determine the investment strategies. The relationship between interest rate is negative. When interest rate falls, it encourages to invest more. But in case of recession, it is the opposite. Interest rates are higher during recession which leads to less investment.

2. Lower Confidence

Fall in employment opportunities compels consumers to restrict themselves from buying. This way the businesses face financial constraints caused by slow sales and have to cut back on the employees they have. Manufacturing of goods lowers. The confidence of consumers and sellers has lost.

3. Slow Production and Manufacturing

Decline in manufacturing orders reduces the production of goods and services. Less manufacturing orders is one of the causes of recession.

4. Deflation

Economy is slowed down due to falling prices. Reduction in the value of goods and services gives rise to high consumer expectation of lower prices which declines the present demand. Recession takes on the market as the demand falls.

5. Decline in Asset Prices

When prices of assets like gold, property falls, the overall wealth falls. Negative wealth leads fall in the spending capacity of the consumer

Impact of a Recession

  1. Unemployment

Unemployment rate rises because when firms go bankrupt they will have to lay off the existing workers in order to reduce production cost and will higher limited workers. Rise in unemployment rate will have an impact on the income of the workers. Income of the consumers will decrease due unemployment.

2. Lower Wages

Salary of the workers will be affected due to recession. To keep lower cost of production, firms will reduce the salary of their employees. Workers will have to accept lower salaries due to rising unemployment.

3. Fall in Asset Prices

Falling prices of properties or lands will hamper the wealth of the consumer. Negative wealth will affect consumer’s confidence and this will cause less spending.

4. Rise in Government Spending

Government spending will have to be increased due to unemployment and lower incomes. Financial help will have to be given to the consumers. Expansionary fiscal policies will be implemented by the government in order to stabilize economic activities.

Pegasus, The New Global Pandemic

Pegasus is a highly sophisticated surveillance software developed by an Israeli tech firm called the NSO Group. The company is well known for creating specialized cyber weapons.

The first report of Pegasus came into public knowledge in 2016 when the software hacked an iPhone of an Arab human rights activist. Few days later Apple released an iOS update protecting its devices against the software. Later, in 2017 it was found that the system can hack android devices as well, following which, Google also launched an OS update to counter the dangerous software. In 2019, Facebook sued NSO Group for creating the surveillance software. These incidents struck fear for everyone in the world as they realized Pegasus is capable of hacking even the largest companies in the world.

How exactly can a device get attacked by the Pegasus software? Multiple reports suggest methods used for the software to enter a phone. It could happen when the user clicks on unknown links that are mysteriously sent to their phone. Even a single missed call can automatically be installed on a phone, and upon installation of the software, it automatically deletes the missed call from the log entry, making it unaware to the user about the hacking that has taken place on their device.

According to cybersecurity research, Pegasus will be able to access calls. Messages, apps, user location, camera and microphone from the device that has been hacked.

On July 18th, it was reported that documents evaluated by international media and agencies showed a list of phones numbers that are targeted for surveillance using the Pegasus software. European Commission chief Ursula von der Leyen said on Monday that the spyware scandal involving the Israeli software firm and up to 50,000 smartphone numbers was “completely unacceptable” if true. “This has to be verified, but if it is the case, it is completely unacceptable,” she told reporters in Prague. It was also reported that 40 Indian journalists, as well as other public figures, politicians and activists, were attacked by the software.

Pegasus was meant to be used by governments on a per-license basis. NSO stated that it sells its spyware only to “vetted governments”. The home page of NSO Group’s website says the company creates technology that “helps government agencies” prevent and investigate terrorism and crime to save thousands of lives around the globe. NSO will not confirm whether the Indian government is a customer but the presence of Pegasus infections in the phones of journalists and others in India suggests that one or more official agencies here are actively using the spyware.

Top 10 Internet Companies in the World (Part 2)

5) Alibaba: Alibaba.com is a Chinese multinational technology company specializing in e-commerce, retail, internet, and technology. Its initial public offering (IPO) became the world’s largest IPO ever.  They enable businesses to transform the way they market, sell and operate and improve their efficiencies. They also provide the technology infrastructure and marketing reach to help merchants, brands and other businesses to leverage the power of new technology to engage with their users and customers and operate more efficiently. It is based in Hangzhou, China and was founded in 1999 by Jack Ma. The current CEO is Daniel Zhang. The e-commerce giant had a market cap of $581 billion on June 30, 2020. In 2019, Alibaba’s revenue amounted to $56.15 billion.

4) Tencent: Tencent Holdings is a Chinese multinational technology conglomerate holding company. They globally market various Internet-related services and products, including in entertainment, artificial intelligence, and other technology. It is well known for its apps, online games, advertising, and messaging services like WeChat. It is headquartered in Shenzhen, China and was founded in 1998 by Ma Huateng, Zhang Zhidong and Chen Yidan. Huateng is still the CEO. On June 30, 2020 Tencent had a market cap of $614.68 billion and its 2019 revenue amounted to $56.6 billion.

3) Facebook: Facebook is the world’s most popular social networking site according to NASDAQ. They build technologies that help people connect with friends and family, find communities, and grow businesses. They also own WhatsApp, Instagram, Oculus and Onavo. It is based in Menlo Park, California and was founded in 2004 by Mark Zuckerberg, who is also the CEO. It had a market cap of $647.15 on June 30, 2020 and reported a total revenue of $70.7 billion in 2019.

2) Alphabet: Alphabet Inc. is an American multinational conglomerate and is the parent company of the multinational technology giant, Google. It was created through a restructuring of Google on October 2, 2015, and became the parent company of Google and several former Google subsidiaries. It was founded by Larry Page and Sergey Brin and is now headquartered in Mountain View, California. Alphabet’s current CEO is Sundar Pichai. Google had a market cap of $964.51 billion on June 30, 2020 and reported total revenue as $161.86 billion in 2019.

1) Amazon: Amazon is an American multinational technology company which focuses on e-commerce, cloud computing, digital streaming, and artificial intelligence. It is one of the Big Five companies in the U.S. information technology industry. The company has been referred to as “one of the most influential economic and cultural forces in the world”, as well as the world’s most valuable brand. It was founded in 1994 by Jeff Bezos and is headquartered in Seattle. Amazon’s current CEO is Andy Jassy. It had a market cap of $1.38 trillion on June 30, 2020. In 2019, it reported $280.52 billion in revenue.

Major World Religions

Religions exist in all parts of the world, in different forms. Religion is prominent worldwide because it gives answers to the age-old questions of where humans came from, what is our place in this world, and where do we go after we die. Religions are systems of belief that have developed in response to these and other eternal mysteries. Hence, they were formed as a way to explain humanity’s unanswerable questions and comfort us with the fact that there is some higher power(s) acting as the controlling force in the universe. With time, many new religions have developed in the world, each giving their own explanations and defining their own gods/principles. Obviously, it is impossible to know which religion is accurate, or whether any religion is accurate at all. However, it is important to understand the various religions we have in the world, as they provide meaning and purpose to many individuals. Here is a brief look at some of the major world religions.

Hinduism

It is the major religion of India, but is also present in other parts of the world. There are a variety of beliefs and spiritual practices in Hinduism, which is why it is sometimes referred to as a ‘way of life’ as opposed to a single organized religion. There is a pantheon of gods in Hinduism, and different people may worship different deities. Hindus believe in the doctrines of samsara (the continuous cycle of life, death, and reincarnation) and karma (the universal law of cause and effect). One of the key thoughts of Hinduism is atman, or the belief in a soul. This philosophy holds that living creatures have a soul, and they are all part of the supreme soul (paramatman). The goal is to achieve moksha, or salvation, which ends the cycle of rebirths to become part of the absolute soul. Furthermore, Hindus strive to follow dharma, which is a code of living that emphasizes good conduct and morality.

Judaism

Judaism is the world’s oldest monotheistic religion, dating back nearly 4,000 years. It is most commonly practiced in the USA and Israel. Unlike Hinduism, followers of Judaism believe in only one God who communicates to believers through prophets. The Jewish sacred text is called the Tanakh or the Hebrew Bible, and Talmud is a collection of teachings and commentaries on Jewish law and principles. Jewish people worship in holy places known as synagogues, and their spiritual leaders are called rabbis. The six-pointed Star of David is the symbol of Judaism.

Buddhism

Buddhism is a religion that was founded by Siddhartha Gautama (the Buddha) more than 2,500 years ago in India. Its practice has historically been most prominent in East and Southeast Asia, but its influence is growing in the West. Followers of Buddhism do not acknowledge a supreme god or deity. Instead, they focus on achieving enlightenment, which is a state of inner peace and wisdom. When followers reach this spiritual echelon, they are deemed to have experienced nirvana. The path to enlightenment is attained by following morality, meditation and wisdom. Buddha’s most important teachings, known as The Four Noble Truths, are essential to understanding this religion.

Christianity

Christianity is the most widely practiced religion in the world. The Christian faith centers on beliefs regarding the birth, life, death and resurrection of Jesus Christ. This is also a monotheistic religion. Christians believe there is only one God, and he created the heavens and the earth. This divine Godhead consists of three parts: the father (God himself), the son (Jesus Christ) and the Holy Spirit. The Holy Bible includes Jesus’s and his disciples’ most important teachings, and offer instructions for how Christians should live. The cross is the main symbol of Christianity, representing the crucifixion of Jesus Christ and how he died as a sacrifice for everyone’s sins.

Islam

Islam is the second largest religion in the world after Christianity, with about 1.8 billion Muslims worldwide. Muslims are also monotheistic and worship only one, all-knowing god known as Allah. Islam teaches that Allah’s words first reached the people in Mecca, through the divine messenger known as prophet Muhammad. Muslims live a life of complete submission to Allah, and believe that all that happens in life is god’s will. The Quran is the major holy text of Islam, and Mosques are the places of worship for Muslims. Followers worship Allah by praying and reciting the Quran. They believe there will be a day of judgment, and life after death.

Conclusion

The religions mentioned here are only some of the most popular ones in the world. In fact, there are hundreds of religions with different beliefs and practices. Religion has been an aspect of culture for as long as it has existed, and its main purpose is to provide a person with insight into life and give them some meaning. A person can choose to follow whichever religion fulfils his spiritual needs and gives him something meaningful to believe in.

The Accidental Discovery !

  • An enzyme that produces some mycotoxins less deadly has been discovered by a group of Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC) researchers at the London Research and Development Centre in London, Ont.

    WHY IT MATTERS?
  • Mycotoxin infection in crops can have a massive monetary impact for farmers and biofuel producers, and consumption by humans or livestock can have serious health concerns, including death.

  • The discovery was an accident as per Dr. Mark Sumarah, a mycotoxin and fungal expert at the London Research and Development Centre.
  • Sumarah and his colleague Dr. Justin Renaud were initially seeking to discover more a few mycotoxin referred to as orchotoxin A and therefore the possible risk of it to contaminate Canadian grapes, and subsequently wine. Sumarah says orchotoxin A may be a significant mycotoxin worldwide, but there was not much data on its effect in Canada.
    Mycotoxins are toxic metabolites generated by fungi that inhabit crop species which prevents them to survive on plants, but when consumed they will put the health of humans and livestock at risk.

  • Long time ago, the investigators were observing the fungus Aspergillus to look for orchotoxin A, and located that Aspergillus produced not only orchotoxin A, but another sort of mycotoxin known as fumonisin. Sumarah says this wasn’t unforeseen, but what was a shock is that the fungus produced varieties of fumonisin that nobody had glimpsed in the past. The most interesting thing about these compounds was that although every formerly known fumonisin contains a nitrogen molecule, these new ones didn’t .
  • This made the scientists curious. Sumarah, and Renaud did further work to decide that nitrogen is the single-most valuable factor in the toxicity of fumonisins.

  • The scientists figured it had to be an enzyme. The team then successfully separated the enzyme responsible for transforming some fumonisins into types that need nitrogen, and began work in partnership with Lallemand Inc. through a Canadian Agricultural Partnership project to commercially create the enzyme for the decontamination of fumonisins.
    Lallemand may be a privately held company based in Quebec that produces yeast, bacteria the main target of the enzyme for the corporate like Deoxynivalenol (DON), fumonisins can contaminate crops  and cause infection or develop challenges for livestock, and become concentrated in distillers grains from biofuel production.
  • Sumarah says that fumonisins are a worldwide problem and he has colleagues in areas where corn is a staple in the diet, such as South Africa and Latin America, who are concerned about fumonisins related to human health. Fumonisins are linked to esophageal cancers and there’s suspicion they’re linked to ectoderm birth defects and other cancers
  • Although commercialization of the enzyme is several years away, the research trio have an interest find an enzyme which will tackle DON.

reference- https://www.country-guide.ca/crops/accidental-discovery-could-be-a-mycotoxin-game-changer/

https://www.agric.wa.gov.au/mycrop/diagnosing-fusarium-head-blight-cereals

😲😲😲 WOW FACTSSSSS

Wow facts are the facts that will amaze you and will challenge your General knowledge and today I am here to challenge your quiz capacity…..wowwwww factssssssss …hope you will enjoy today’s blog….. So here are 10 wow facts

WOW FACTS 😊💞

Glaciers and ice sheets hold about 69 percent of the world’s freshwater….. To find the bulk of the world’s freshwater you need to trek to the poles, as 68.7% of it is encased in ice caps, permanent snow, and glaciers.

The best place in the world to see rainbows is in Hawaii. If you’re an avid rainbow gazer and want to get your fill of the beautiful phenomenon, look no further than the state of Hawaii.

New creatures have been found in deep-sea volcanoes. over 90 putative bacterial and archaeal genomic families and nearly 300 previously unknown genera.” Some research has linked hydrothermal vents, like deep-sea volcanoes, to the “origin of life.” So are we looking at the early signs of future land-dwellers?

North Korea and Cuba are the only places you can’t buy Coca-Cola. this fizzy drink is sold practically everywhere, it still hasn’t (officially) made its way to North Korea or Cuba, according to the BBC. That’s because these countries are under long-term U.S. trade embargoes.

There are more twins now than ever before. twins is it lucky to see twins well now it’s becoming common..From about 1915, when the statistical record begins, until 1980, about one in every 50 babies born was a twin, a rate of 2 percent

The world’s most densely populated island is the size of two soccer fields. Santa Cruz del Islote in the Archipelago of San Bernardo off the coast of Colombia may only be about the size of two soccer fields (two acres), but the artificial island has four main streets and 10 neighborhoods. Five hundred people live on the island in around 155 houses. With so many people packed into such a small space, it’s the most densely populated island in the world, according to The Guardian.

Indonesia is home to some of the shortest people in the world.
Aerial view of Indonesia …. Though there are short people and tall people everywhere, Indonesia is home to some of the shortest people in the world, according to data compiled from various global sources

LIBERIA is only one country in the world that doesn’t use the metric system. Liberia is the only country with no metric system. For simplicity’s sake, most of the more than 200 countries in the world use the metric system when describing things like length or mass. However, there were recently three countries that stood out: Liberia, Myanmar, and the United States.

In 2018, Liberia commerce and industry minister Wilson Tarpeh said the government planned to adopt the metric system in order to promote accountability and transparency in trade, according to the Liberian Observer. Myanmar made a similar commitment, which leaves the U.S. as the lone holdout

The longest place name on the planet is 85 letters long.

People who live in Mamungkukumpurangkuntjunya Hill, Australia, need a little patience when it comes to learning to spell their hometown’s name. But you know what? So do the folks from Lake Chargoggagoggman-chauggagoggchaubunagungamaugg in Massachusetts and Tweebuffelsmeteen-skootmorsdoodgeskietfontein, South Africa.

I can’t read it

Only two countries use purple in their national flags. The flag of Nicaragua features a rainbow in the center that includes a band of purple, while the flag of Dominica boasts a picture of a sisserou parrot, a bird with purple feathers. These elements make them the only two flags in the world that use the color purple.

Entry tax

• Central government – Entry tax in states – State
governments control over the goods which enter
their boundaries.

• Entry tax – Fee levied by the state governments
on the transfer of goods from one state to another.
 Type of indirect tax levied.

• The State Entry Tax Act maintains rates for the
goods of each state.
 Tax rates vary for each state.

• Enforcement of entry tax -Department of
Commercial Taxes of that state.

• Essential commodities – Usually do not attract entry tax.
 Varies from state to state depending on the state’s policies.

• Entry Tax has been replaced by the Goods and Services Tax (GST)
 Inter-state movement of goods – IGST (Integrated GST)
 Intra-state transfers – CGST (Central GST) and SGST (StateGST).

Mineral Resources and Associated Problems

Mineral resources are the one , from which usable material are extracted economically from the concentrated elements, compounds, minerals or rocks from the earth. Minerals are site specific  and finite. Minerals are naturally occurring chemical compounds formed through inorganic processes under the crust of the earth. Their presence in the Earth’s crust is the result of geological processes operating over a long period of time. The distribution of these minerals resources is uneven throughout the Earth. India is rich in 35 minerals such as iron, aluminum, manganese, chromium, limestone, mica, etc. Minerals have important contributions in the economic & industrial development of a country.

Types of Minerals

  • Metallic Minerals – Pure Metals are obtained by chemical process. 11 metallic minerals are available in India. Ex. Iron, copper, gold, bauxite, manganese, etc.
  • Non-Metallic Minerals – Used in their naturally occurring state. 52 non metallic minerals are found in India. Ex. limestone, manganese, mica, gypsum, coal, dolomite, phosphate, salt, granite, etc.
  • Fuel Minerals – Are utilized as fuel. Ex Coal, Petroleum, Natural Gas, etc.

Types of Mining

Surface Mining

  • A mine in which ore lies near the surface & can be extracted by removing the covering layers of the rock & soil.
  • Almost all surface mining operations are exposed to the elements & require no roof support.
  • EX. Coal, Copper, Iron, Crushed Stone, Aluminum etc.

Sub Surface mining

  • Digging tunnels or shafts into the Earth to reach ore deposits.
  • Ore, for processing, & waste rock, for disposal, are brought to the surface through the tunnels & shafts.
  • EX. Natural Gas, Petroleum

USE & OVEREXPLOITATION

  • Mining is hazardous occupation
  • Rapid depletion of high grade minerals
  • Wastage of upper soil layer and vegetation
  • Environmental problems
  • Productive land into mining and industrial areas.
  • Air, water and land pollution.
  • Consumption of energy resources like coal, petroleum, natural gas etc.
  • Directly degrades the fertile soil surface thus effect ecology and climate.

EFFECTS

  • Deforestation and desertification
  • Extinction of species
  • Rapid depletion of high grade minerals
  • Forced migration
  • Wastage of upper soil layer and vegetation
  • Soil erosion and oil depletion
  • Ozone depletion
  • Greenhouse gas increase
  • Environmental pollution
  • Natural hazards

STATUS OF MINES IN INDIA

India produces as many as 86 metals & minerals. u80 % of mining in India is for coal. India has over 3500 legal mines. Illegal mines is the major problem in the country. i.e.180000. Over 1 million people are employed in this industry. Mining has adversely affected biodiversity, ecosystem, local culture, and community.

CASE STUDY : Bauxite deposits of Kolhapur

It was started in 1968 by Kolkata based Indian Aluminum Company, later became HINDALCO. Bauxite and laterite from aquifers in ground water thus change the ground water conditions. It cause loss of vegetation. Rehabilitation and afforestation is essential.

PROTECTION PLAN

  • Afforestation on mining site.
  • Formation of contour trenches in mining site.
  • Formation of green belt along the roads.
  • Parks & gardens in the township area & green belt around it is developed.

ANGER MANAGEMENT

Anger is a normal, healthy, negative or negative feeling. Like any emotion, you convey a message, telling you that the situation is annoying, unfair, or intimidating. If your knee-jerk reaction to anger erupts, however, that message will never have a chance to be conveyed. Thus, while it is normal to feel anger when you have been mistreated or abused, anger becomes a problem if you express it in a way that could hurt yourself or others.

You may think that venting your anger is healthy, and that the people around you are very sympathetic, that your anger is justified, or that you need to show your anger in order to gain respect. But the fact is that anger is more likely to have a negative impact on people’s perceptions, distort your judgment, and lead to success.

Consequences of anger

Persistent anger or uncontrolled anger can have devastating effects on you:

Physical health. Constant exposure to high levels of stress and anger makes you more prone to heart disease, diabetes, weakened immune systems, insomnia, and high blood pressure.


Mental health. Persistent anger consumes a lot of mental energy, and it disturbs your thinking, making it difficult to concentrate or enjoy life. It can also lead to depression, depression, and other mental health problems.
Work. Constructive criticism, artistic differences, and heated debate can be healthy. But exclusion only divides colleagues, managers, or clients and destroys their self-esteem.


Relationships. Anger can create lasting scars on your loved ones and can lead to friendships and relationships at work. Outbursts of anger make it difficult for others to trust you, to speak honestly, or to feel comfortable – and especially to children. If you have a hot temper, you may feel like it is out of your hands and there is little you can do to soften the beast. But you can control your anger more than you think. By understanding the real causes of your anger and these anger tools, you can learn to express your feelings without hurting others and keeping your anger from ruining your life.

TECHNIQUES FOR ANGER MANAGEMENT:-


When you are angry, you may experience feelings anywhere from minor irritability to anger. If that happens, try the following:

;Breathe deeply from your diaphragm.
:Give yourself a spoken word.
:Slightly repeat the calm word or phrase “relax” or “calm down.” Repeat as you breathe out until the anger subsides.
:Afterward, express yourself clearly and calmly.

Some Ways to Control Anger


:Exercise like regular exercise is a way to improve your mood and relieve tension.
:Avoid drugs and alcohol, which can make you more prone to depression. Alcohol can also relieve your tension by saying or doing something you used to do.
:Get the support of others. Talk about your feelings and try to work on changing your behavior.
:If you have trouble recognizing when you have angry thoughts, keep a written record of when you feel angry.
:Try to get a different perspective by putting yourself in someone else’s place.
:Learn how to laugh and see jokes in situations.
:Really listen. Listening can help improve communication and can build trust between people. This hope can help you to deal with potentially hostile emotions. A useful communication function is to say to someone, “Let me make sure I understand what you are saying” and then return to them what you think was their main message or opinion. This approach can help to clarify misunderstandings that can lead to frustration, and point out issues where you can ultimately “agree to disagree” without arguing.
:Strengthen yourself by expressing your feelings in a calm and direct manner, without self-defense, hostility, or spiritual suspicion. Read self-help books or seek professional help from a therapist to learn how to use confidence and control skills.

CONCLUSION

If you believe that your anger is out of control and has a negative effect on your health and relationships, seek the help of a mental-health professional. A psychiatrist or other licensed mental health professional can work with you to teach you ways to change your thinking and behavior. A mental health professional can help you deal with your anger in a positive way.

Ask your doctor if medication can be helpful. In some cases, anti-depressants, certain anticonvulsants, and low-antipsychotic may help to treat a sudden attack of anger or rage. Avoid alcohol, benzodiazepines that work temporarily like Xanax, or street drugs that can cause you to say or do things in a hurry. Choose your therapist carefully, and make sure you talk to a professional who is trained to teach anger control skills and assurance techniques.