Spyware is a software with malicious behaviour with an objective to accumulate the details about an individual or organization and send it to the another entity (whether individual or org) that intend to harms the user. It violates the privacy of a person or firm and endangered their devices. One such spyware is Pegasus.

Pegasus, originally an Israeli spyware, named after the mythical winged horse Pegasus, can be transmit flying through the air to infect phones. It has potential to read the messages, tracking calls, stealing passwords, location tracking, accessing target mobile’s microphone and camera. It is created by NSO group, an Israeli technology firm.
Back in August 2018, it is for the first time discovered in India, that led to the investigation and revealed its existence. And now become the ‘most sophisticated smartphone attack’ ever.

Current scenerio in India-

2019, Facebook initiated a suit against NSO, asserting that Pegasus has been used to seize the whatsapp communication of atleast 300 individuals in India including Journalists, bureaucrats, activists and even ministers too. It has now become a topic for debate in parliament since the allegations are made against the government spying on its own citizens and invading into their private life. The NSO’s claim that only governments are their customers and not the private entities has made these proclaimation strong. According to NSO, Pegasus and other spyware are exclusively exported to government entities for the purpose of preventing and scrutinize crimes and to counter terrorism.  Pegasus has now snooping into people’s lives illegitimately due to its nature to obtain information outside the boundaries of law.

Two acts, in this regard are made i.e.  Information Technology Act of 2000 and Telegraph Act 1885 and these both acts  criminalise hacking. Telegraph Act 1885, deals with the interception of calls allowing government to intercept calls only in certain conditions. Similarly, IT Act of 2000 enacted to intercept all the electronic transmission. To use Pegasus like spyware, government would have to invoke both the Acts and the government has claimed that all interception in India takes place lawfully.

Constitution of India guarantees the freedom of thought, speech and expression (Article 19) and Right to privacy. These are the fundamental rights of an individual protected by Supreme court and significant for a nation to identify itself as a democracy.

India is a country with huge diversity of food, people and their tastes and preferences respectively. And with growing urge to explore in people all around, food industry and related companies are rapidly working on making all these varieties of food available in every corner of the country. The most popular entrant to this growth currently is the concept of food delivery at your doorstep and While, talking about food delivery services you just couldn’t miss out the name of ‘Zomato’.

Journey to become a Leader.

First of it’s kind in India, Zomato is one of the leading firm in the business of food delivery. With a total of 1,69,802 delivery partners, 3,89,932 listed restaurants and 1,48,384 food delivery restaurants, Zomato is present in 552 cities in India and 23 other countries. According to The Economic Times Zomato said “it connects customers, restaurants and delivery partners—serving their multiple needs. Customers use the platform to search/discover restaurants, read/write reviews, upload photos, order food, book tables and make payments while dining out. Restaurant partners get marketing tools to acquire customers, while delivery partners earn by making deliveries”. After a tremendous growth in business in FY20 due to the pandemic, The Gurugram- headquartered company said its revenue from operations has grown from Rs 466 crore in FY18 to Rs 2,604 crore in FY20, signifying around 5.5X growth over the three-year period. Revenue from operations for the nine months ended December 31, 2020, stood at Rs 1,301 crore. Despite this terrific revenue growth, between march amd December the company showed a loss of over Rs.682 crore.

The STEP TOWARDS GROWTH !

However, these losses doesn’t stop the growth of the company at any level. Zomato Ltd. launched its three-day initial public offering (IPO) on July 14, making the online food aggregator one of the first Indian startup to list on the national bourses. The company raised as much as Rs 9,375 crore by issuing fresh stock and via an offer for sale at Rs 72-76 per share. It is likely to be valued at nearly $9 billion at the upper end of this price band. With a bid lot size of 195 shares and multiples thereof the net proceeds will be used for organic and inorganic growth initiatives, and general corporate purposes. Zomato is the largest IPO of the year. The IPO provided Zomato with a valuation of Rs 64,365 crore, which is the second biggest since SBI Cards and Payment Services, which is somewhere around Rs 10,341 crore in March 2020. The IPO of this food delivery service was subscribed 38.25 times. It was to be finalised, on July 23. According to the stock exchange data, Zomato got bids for 2,751.25 crore shares against 71.92 crore shares on offer. The IPO is India’s biggest since March 2020.

Zomato has already mobilised Rs 4,196.51 crore from 186 anchor investors on July 13, a day before the issue opened. The IPO size has been reduced to Rs 5,178.49 crore from Rs 9,375 crore earlier. The company, backed by Jack Ma’s Ant Group Co, is the first from a long list of Indian unicorn startups to launch an IPO.

“A generation which ignores history has no past and no future.”

Robert Heinlein

History plays important role in making of nation.even if its culture,economy,traditions,values,education or public mindset.All happening in present is reflection of past “karma’. So to transfer real history to next generation is job of any society.it is because What happening in past is seen only by our elder not by ours,so it is necessary that the truth and fact based history must carried forward,otherwise it will lead to creating chaos in society.

The Case of India

In case of India the history what we read currently is seems not only distorted but its also use an tool of propaganda by some “Fictional Historian” who in daylight are something else.In our history books we only read and read about “Delhi sultanate or Mughal Empire” but we don’t know about that, Rana Hammir singh capture the Delhi sultan Mohammed bin tughlaq and imprisoned him 3 months.do you ever read that Cholas have biggest naval power at that time in world ? Do you ever think how we made massive monolithic architectures in world at that time without using any machinary ? do the present historian think about repercussions of unreal or half truth of history on society ? No, they not think like that because they were manipulated by some mischieves masters who really not think about the nation future.What india currently face.The divide between Hindu-Muslim,Aryan-Dravidian,Brahmins-Non-Brahmins..it’ll lead us nowhere,we must put history through inclusive mind not through our exclusivity,the represention of all in our history programmes not only gave pride but also strengthen our social order.

The importance of Miedeval india not more than the Ancient one,what we see today in our daily society is come from ancient world.India is first in world where Indus valley civillisation ( IVC ) use bricks in proper ratio,have drainage system,pattern in roads etc.The importance of India is grow more when we knows that india specially “Sanatan”Sanskriti is last ancient civillistion on face of Earth,so it is our duty to protect its valuable wisdom,tradition from distortion of West and waste historians.

“We are not makers of history. We are made by history.”

Martin Luther King, Jr.

Conclusion

Remember always whosoever try to distort history or past,the future will show no mercy on them.

SOCIAL NEWS TODY 22/07/2021

‘Endurer’ imparts wisdom on deep-rooted social coding

Thursday, 22 July 2021

Author Kapil Raj’s new book ‘Endurer’, A Rape Story, endorses an awareness campaign #SheisnotaVictim #SheisanEndurer and has traveled across States and cities, following sessions  and discussions.  Kapil Raj shares about his book “Our behavior towards victims is still based out of deep-rooted social coding. Even the sufferer forces self to blame…

Over 95 lakh vaccine doses administered in Capital till now

Thursday, 22 July 2021 New Delhi

Over 95 lakh Covid vaccine doses were administered in the national Capital till Wednesday, according to a bulletin issued here.

The bulletin said Delhi had less than a day’s stock of vaccine doses left on Wednesday morning after administering over 71,000 doses on Tuesday.

SDMC issued 20k death certificates in April-June

Thursday, 22 July 2021  New Delhi

The South Delhi Municipal Corporation (SDMC) issued over 20,000 death certificates between April and June when the city was reeling under the second wave of Covid-19, municipal officials said.

According to data provided by the SDMC, it issued 3,351 death certificates in April, 10,209 in May and 6,832 in June.

Officials attributed the increase in death registrations to the second wave of Covid-19 and clearing of backlog of data.

“As compared to April, the number of death certificates is about 204% higher in May because of the Covid-19 second wave. While the figure in June is about 103% higher than that of April.

“The maximum number of deaths occurred either in May or in the last leg of April during the Covid second wave. So kin of most of the deceased who applied for death certificates got the documents in May and June,” a senior SDMC official told PTI on condition of anonymity.

Civic officials clarified that these death registrations also include normal deaths and they do not necessarily reflect the total death count due to Covid in that particular month.

Some civic officials also said that other than the Covid-19 second wave, there was backlog of data due to technical issues and it was cleared in May and June, leading to a rise in the numbers of death registrations.

In April-May, Delhi was hit by a brutal second wave of the pandemic, which claimed a number of lives every day, and oxygen supply shortage was reported at various hospitals.

62 cases, four deaths reported in last 24 hours

Thursday, 22 July 2021  NEW DELHI

As many as 62 coronavirus cases were reported in the national Capital while four more patients succumbed to the disease on Wednesday.

According to a health bulletin issued by the Delhi Government, the positivity rate stands at 0.09 per cent while sixty-one patients recovered from the infection in the past 24 hours.

        On May 7, 2021, Colonial pipelines went through one of the biggest cyber attacks. The hackers broke into the computer system that eventually impacted the computerized equipment. The attack was a ransom ware attack, where the hackers named Darkside demanded a ransom of 75 bit coins ($4.4 million). Colonial pipelines accepted to pay the ransom money because that was the best option for the country.

Introduction:

      The largest pipeline system in the US for refined oil products is the colonial pipeline. The construction of the company began in 1962 and its headquarter is in Alpharetta, Georgia. On the coast of the Gulf of Mexico, an 8900km long pipeline terminates at the port of New York and New Jersey. Colonial pipeline delivers 10000000 gallons of gasoline, heating oil’s, refined petroleum oils, to businesses throughout the east and south coast. About 45% of the fuel consumed on the east coast is derived from colonial pipelines.

      Anyways colonial pipeline was under threat when a cyber-attack broke into the data of the company in 2021. On 29th April 2021, through a virtual private network (VPN) that the employees used to work remotely, the hackers got a hold of the password and the user name that helped them to access the information and data. It is only possible if the employee has used the same password to access another account that was hacked in the past.

Facts about the attack:

• The cyber attack was made open to the public on the 8th of May, 2021, at 12:30 pm.
• Colonial pipeline started to shut down their online system.
• While the data and information were restoring, the gas supply was limited.
• The Colonial pipeline involved the law and also took help from a third party during the recovery.
• People panicked because of this attack which created a shortage of gas in the country.
• The malicious attackers were named Darkside.
• Colonial pipelines paid a ransom of 75 bit coins ($4.4 million)
• Darkside lost access to information about the infrastructure and funds.
• The data was restored on the 13th of May, 2021, and the system started running online again.

Cause:-

Of the most important factors in domestic violence is a belief that abuse, whether physical or verbal, is acceptable. Other factors include substance abuse, unemployment, mental health problems, lack of coping skills, isolation, and excessive dependence on the abuser. The motive for committing acts of domestic and interpersonal violence in a relationship is to establish and maintain relationships based on power and control over victims.

·        Cycle of abuse

Lenore E. Walker presented the model of a cycle of abuse which consists of four phases. First, there is a buildup to abuse when tension rises until a domestic violence incident ensues. During the reconciliation stage, the abuser may be kind and loving and then there is a period of calm. When the situation is calm, the abused person may be hopeful that the situation will change. Then, tensions begin to build, and the cycle starts again.

·      Intergenerational violence

A common aspect among abusers is that they witnessed abuse in their childhood, in other words they were participants in a chain of intergenerational cycles of domestic violence. That does not mean, conversely, that if a child witnesses or is subject to violence that they will become abusers. Understanding and breaking the intergenerational abuse patterns may do more to reduce domestic violence than other remedies for managing the abuse.

Responses that focus on children suggest that experiences throughout life influence an individual’s propensity to engage in family violence (either as a victim or as a perpetrator). Researchers supporting this theory suggest it is useful to think of three sources of domestic violence: childhood socialization, previous experiences in couple relationships during adolescence, and levels of strain in a person’s current life.

• Social Stress

Stress may be increased when a person is living in a family situation, with increased pressures. Social stresses, due to inadequate finances or other such problems in a family may further increase tensions. Violence is not always caused by stress, but may be one way that some people respond to stress. Families and couples in poverty may be more likely to experience domestic violence, due to increased stress and conflicts about finances and other aspects. Some people speculate that poverty may hinder a man’s ability to live up to his idea of “successful manhood”, thus he fears losing honour and respect. A theory suggests that when he is unable to economically support his wife, and maintain control, he may turn to misogyny, substance abuse, and crime as ways to express masculinity.

• Power and Control:-

Power and control in abusive relationships is the way that abusers exert physical, sexual and other forms of abuse to gain control within relationships. A causalist view of domestic violence is that it is a strategy to gain or maintain power and control over the victim. This view is in alignment with Bancroft’s “cost-benefit” theory that abuse rewards the perpetrator in ways other than, or in addition to, simply exercising power over his or her target. He cites evidence in support of his argument that, in most cases, abusers are quite capable of exercising control over themselves, but choose not to do so for various reasons. Sometimes, one person seeks complete power and control over their partner and uses different ways to achieve this, including resorting to physical violence. The perpetrator attempts to control all aspects of the victim’s life, such as their social, personal, professional and financial decisions.

Effects:-

Effects on the family

• Violence and the threat of violence at home creates fear and can destroy family environments and lead to the break-up of families
• Frequent moving to avoid the abuser
• Regular household conflict
• Child protection or police involvement

Effects on the community

• Children growing up without learning about positive and respectful relationships
• Abusers going to prison
• Higher rates of alcohol and other drug use, and mental health problems
• Domestic and family violence is estimated to cost the NSW economy more than $4.5 billion each year

Effects on Children

Of those women who experience violence, more than 50% have children in their care. Children and young people don’t have to see the violence to be affected by it. Studies show that living with domestic violence can cause physical and emotional harm to children and young people in the following ways:

• ongoing anxiety and depression
• emotional distress
• eating and sleeping disturbances
• physical symptoms, such as headaches and stomach aches
• find it hard to manage stress
• low self-esteem
• self-harm
• be aggressive towards friends and school mates
• feel guilt or blame themselves for the violence
• have trouble forming positive relationships
• develop phobias and insomnia
• struggle with going to school and doing school work
• use bullying behaviour or become a target of bullying
• have less empathy and caring for others

Children and young people need to grow up in a secure and nurturing environment. Where domestic or family violence exists, the home is not safe or secure and children are scared about what might happen to them and the people they love.

In the budget 2021-22, Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman announced the creation of an Asset Reconstruction Company (ARC) to manage the bad loans. National Asset Reconstruction Company Ltd (NARCL) owned by state-owned and private sectors banks without central government involvement, registered wih Registrar of Companies on July 7. It is also known as ‘bad bank’ and has 8 public sector banks as its shareholders. It will carry the business of ARCs like dealing in financial assets and manage, enforce, sell or realise any property or assets that may come into its possessions.
Recently banks have identified 22 assets worth Rs 82,000 crore, to transfer the newly set up Assets reconstruction company i.e. NARCL to recover the bad loans.

What are the Bad loans?

When a person delays the amount which is due on him in banks is known as non performing assets. This amount includes interest amount, installation or prinicipal amount. There is an unprecedented increment in NPAs due to the pandemic, according to the RBI governor. NPA is different from bank frauds which is a criminal offense whereas NPA is a loan or advance remain overdue for a period of 90 days.
As per the RBI, “the asset that is not generating income for the banks, becomes non-performing”.  It is rising aggresively in public banks more than private banks.

While the government doesn’t have any equity stake in the company, it will provide guarntee against loan losses. The company will pay to banks 15 percent cash and 85 percent in form of security receipt.