Literature broadly is any collection of written work, but it is also used more narrowly for writings specifically considered to be an art form, especially prose fiction, drama, and poetry. In recent centuries, the definition has expanded to include oral literature, much of which has been transcribed.
The world’s biggest democracy just had an election. The world’s biggest democratic election It’s a marathon election A mammoth undertaking It’s the world’s biggest exercise in democracy In India, voters picked its central government for the next five years. An eighth of the world’s population was eligible to vote in this election. In the year, 2019, there are 900 million eligible voters in India making this the largest Democratic exercise in the history of humanity.
In one of the largest and most populous countries in the world, that isn’t an easy task. India has to reach voters in coastal cities in the south, in the rural regions of the west, and jungles to the east and everywhere in between. And what’s more, they want every Indian citizen to be within 2 km of a voting station. That’s only about 25 city blocks no matter where you are in the country. It’s an incredibly ambitious goal and yet, somehow they’re able to do it. This is the biggest election in the world and I wanted to know how does it work. Every election a team of state officials and security forces, get on a ship within the east of India to require off towards this island. They travel about 100 km to get here, all to securely deliver these Electronic Voting Machines or EVMS, the instrument that logs India’s votes, the heart of this elaborate election process.
India has 2.3 million voting machines for its 900 million voters. So, getting these machines on the brink of every voter may be a big logistical undertaking. That’s why India doesn’t have one polling day , instead, it’s closer to an election month with multiple phases that last weeks. This process takes more than 11 million election officials and security forces, who move from polling station to polling station to polling station from densely populated cities to the rural areas where the majority of Indians live. Once on the island with the EVMs, officials pile on to bike carts and head towards the polling station. Once they arrive, they start setting everything up for the vote.
On Election Day, voters line up, cast their vote, and get their fingers inked to prevent double voting. This is where the process ends for the voters, but for the election officials this is just the beginning. Driving a boat out to a remote island is just one of many ways that officials reach every voter. India’s vast and diverse terrain requires transportation methods of all kinds, like in the jungles of this northern state where elephants transport voting machines to reach a remote town or in the Himalayas where officials hike for hours to bring EVMS for election day. Helicopters, trains, they even use camels. But what makes India’s elections so impressive is not just how they reach everyone in such an enormous country, that’s just half the battle. It’s also the ways they try to include voters of all backgrounds into the process, a challenge that has been a part of India’s elections since the very beginning. India has 22 official languages and hundreds of dialects and when India became an independent nation, less than a quarter of the population could read and write.
The newly formed Election Commission of India created a range of symbols to correspond to each political party, like an elephant, a lotus, a hand or even an alarm clock so that from the beginning all people regardless of literacy level and language could vote with confidence. Since 1947, the literacy rate has increased significantly, but it’s still only 75 percent, so these symbols are still useful to many when casting a vote. But this is a massive sprawling operation and over the years it’s run into some pretty serious problems like allegations of election rigging and problems with a practice called booth capture, where gangs actually take over polling stations and tamper with the elections. It’s partly because of these problems that the Commission introduced these voting machines in the 1990s.
It also increased security around the elections. These efforts to include all voters and protect elections seem to be working. In 2019, India saw the highest voter turnout yet and for the firsttime women voted just as much as men. India’s elections are only getting bigger and more complicated. India has one among the fastest growing populations within the world. and in 2020, young people will make up more than a third of the country. This is the most important election within the world that takes many officials fanning out across a huge country to assist many millions vote.
This is a movie directed by Hrishikesh Mukherjee, and was released in the 1972. A movie staring Rajesh khanna, Jaya Bahaduri, Usha Kiran, Asrani and many more. This movie was narrated by Amitabh Bachan in his very strong voice. Hrishikesh Mukherjee movies are always simple and conveys very beautiful messages which helps us to make our lives simpler. Bawarchi means a cook, this is a story of how Raghu the character played by Rajesh Khanna actually teaches a life lesson to a family who lives in a house named shanti nivas.
In this story the main focus is about a large joint family which lives in a house named shanti nivas named after the wife of the owner. The name is an irony as the word shanti means peace but no one can ever see this happening in the house, there is always some big fight that the family indulges in. Shivnath sharma who is a retired post man is the eldest in the family. He has 4 sons firstly Ramnath sharma being the eldest son who works as a head clerk in a company his wife Seeta sharma and daughter is Meeta sharma is a trained Kathak dancer and who is preparing for an upcoming dance competion all live in the house. Second brother Kashi Sharma is a school teacher he has his own rules and principles about life which he strictly follows his wife shobha sharma and son Pintoo live in the same house. The third son and his wife died in a car accident their daughter Krishna played by Jaya Bachan also stays with them. She studies in college and has a tution teacher Arun who is her college senior who comes home to teach her for free. The forth son Vishwanath Sharma played be Asrani is a music director in film industry, he is not married and he thinks it is better not because it will just add up to the fight already existing in the house. So many people live in one house, constantly fighting though they want to be apart but fear that if they go Shivnath sharma also called as Daduji will not give any part of the property to them.
Raghu who comes to their home, pretending that he is in desperate need of work but actually is someone who wants to peace out things in the house. Not directly but by showing how much they love each other and making other members realize how amazing is it live together with happiness. There are many major lessons to be learnt from this movie which actually tends us to re-evaluate our own life. Such simple movies makes us realize how important is it to be happy in the present moment. In this pandemic times when we are confined at home rather than constantly thinking and stressing out ourselves by the thought when will everything comeback to normal we can spend a quality time with our family, be happy of the fact that everyone is together. Hug your mom and dad and tell them how much you love and care about them. In a wait for big happiness we often tend to ignore these small small happiness, the number big moments of happiness are only just fifteen to twenty in in the whole lifetime what makes our lives beautiful is the millions and billions of small happiness that we should never overlook.
Yoga is a group of spiritual,mental and physical practices originated in ancient India. the modern yoga is seen as exercise to the body which mainly consists of postures or asanas. The practice of yoga has been thought to date back to pre-vedicIndian traditions; possibly in the Indus valley civilization around 3000 BCE. Yoga is mentioned in the Rigveda and also referenced in the Upanishads. Yoga gurus from India later introduced yoga to the West,[17] following the success of Swami Vivekananda in the late 19th and early 20th century with his adaptation of yoga tradition, excluding asanas. Outside India, it has developed into a posture-based physical fitness, stress-relief and relaxation technique. Yoga in Indian traditions, however, is more than physical exercise; it has a meditative and spiritual core.
why yoga ?
There are many reasons why one should keep habit of practicing yoga for at least half an hour a day even if they are busy all the day. yoga is an art whivh cures you from a disease before you get infected by it.
some of the benefits of yoga are:
increased flexibility.
increased muscle strength and tone.
improved respiration, energy and vitality.
maintaining a balanced metabolism.
weight reduction.
cardio and circulatory health.
improved athletic performance.
protection from injury.
Prominent personalities practicing yoga:
Narendra modi:
If prime minister can do then we can too at least we are not as busy as him.
2. Robert downey ,jr.(Iron Man):
Shocked!! yes he also do yoga which has helped him in leaving the bad habit of drugs addiction.
3.Jennifer Aniston (Racheal green in Friends):
she is been practicing yoga since 2005 for at least 20-30 minutes a day regularly
admist her busy schedule.
The list goes on thus it is well known that yoga is key to healthy life. Practice it daily if you don’t know asanas search in google or refer you tube videos. Hope you start practicing Yoga.
What is a logo? In simple words it is a face of a company. They have to work at tiny sizes, and huge. There are four specific types.
First type is the Wordmark. “the wordmark is the easiest one. And it’s the one we’re all the most familiar with. I mean John Hancock’s signature is quite a word mark. It can look crisp clean and modern just like the new Google logo looks. Or it can look somehow that it’s roots during a shared heritage the way the Coca Cola logo looks.
The second is PICTORAL. “Pictoral logos often function as a sort of rebus. It’s a picture, and it’s identifying the name of the company. Sometimes directly like Target. Sometimes indirectly like LaCoste.
The third kind is kind of the holy grail. As a designer people will come to me and they’ll say i would like something just like the Nike. They think the Nike swoosh was the Nike Swoosh the day it had been drawn. But it had been nothing the day it had been drawn.” the corporate that birthed nike commissioned a design student named Carolyn to draw some ideas. The Nike founders didn’t really like it, it wasn’t an overnight success. Then they started putting it on the sides of shoes. The shoes were good then the genius of Nike’s marketing apparatus made us further associate that product not merely with performance athletic gear but with the very idea of athletic achievement itself. That’s exactly how religious symbols work – it’s obviously not just anything inherent in about these shapes, but what these shapes have come to represent within the minds of the people who are looking at them.
Fourth sort of logo that goes beyond these three types, and may use elements of every of them: the brand System. A kind of framework, but one which will have endless permutations. The first huge, popular example of the brand system would be MTV. But google’s daily “doodles” are another great example the brand system – a well-known mark that can also point to other ideas and issues. This approach all has got to do with technological change. It wont to be if a corporation was doing a logo there’d be this operation by which it might be inscribed on all their equipment and on their airplanes and their retail facilities and gold pins and cufflinks would be made for the chief suite and placed on spitoons in ashtrays, the highest of the skyscraper, and everyone’s business card. Nowadays none of that’s important as an email signature or your twitter avatar or the small thing that sits next to your URL.
The logo really reminds people that’s what our priority is today but at the top of the day, no matter the form , style or system, it’d not matter what the logo is. It really is about thinking of those symbols as being empty vessels during a way. And then you pour the meaning into them. Some vessels are better at holding one quite meaning. They think they’re judging a diving competition, but actually of these organizations are in swimming competitions. It’s not what quite splash you create once you hit the water. It’s about how long you’ll keep your head above that water. Logos got to have an extended life, not win points during a discussion. 12 years after the birth of the nike logo, Nike came back thereto graphic design student Carolyn with a present a Nike ring together with her own trademark on it with an undisclosed amount of Nike stock.
Here are some of the genuine ways to earn in your spare time without any investment.
Transcriber: average earnings per month is hundred and fifty. All you need is actually to have a good pair of headphones and of course you need to get stored to type there now there is a few other sites so you can’t only rely of course on hundred and fifty dollars average earning per month but if you are good at this you can actually earn of course much more but what you can do is you can become a transcriber. rev.com is another site here as a transcriptionist you can anywhere from 24 to 90 cents per audio/video minute basically you can be a video captioner also which is pretty much the same here and you can earn anywhere from 45 cents up to 75 cents.
Micro tasks you can do this on my.com in your spare time you get paid for completing simple tasks here so it can be anything from like tagging objects here helping companies select the best picture the audit user classifying you can see that there is tons of opportunities. Rapidworkers.com is another site where you can earn a decent amount just by doing some micro taskes.
Data entry jobs on Amazon on rapid workers there is micro workers also but there is also assigned like a clickworkercalm.com. You just sign up for a free account and you work independently your schedule is flexible and all you need is a computer and of course and/or a mobile device with an internet connection and it’s totally up to you how much you want to work. You can do text creation, copy editing, research surveys, mystery visit, app testing and photo capturing a lot of opportunities that you can earn money from the comfort on clickworker.com.
Virtual assistant one of my favorite sites is virtual assistant jobs calm and basically you can apply for data entry, call center whatever comes into your mind you can get started here and apply and search for it you might be available only to do this on part time so you can search for part-time flexible with contracts. Jobs.com helps us out there by providing all types of virtual assistance jobs.
Online tutoring if you’re good at something math or English or something like that one side is a shag.com , VIP kid teachers.com which is basically they teach English here and you can earn up to twenty two dollars per hour teaching. There are many students who want to learn extra and out of their books so here comes opportunity by teaching them.
Freelancer totally depends on your skills. There is other popular freelance sites like upwork.com there is freelancer.com there is people per hour so a lot of options actually that you can apply for here as a freelancer. Freelancing is one of the best option as you can work also on your niche and can enhance it for future use.
Affiliate marketer and the good thing with affiliate marketing is that you don’t have to deal with shipping you don’t have to deal with anything at all. You need is just grab a link and promote that offer whatever it is and of course you earn a commission okay so one of the most popular platforms is Clickbank.com. They have thousands of products here probably one of the most popular niches will be health and fitness. You just grab a link here and what you do is you use this link to promote it you can use something like bitly to shorten this ugly link of course and then all you need to do is drive traffic to this offer. Amazon is another option that you can make money as an affiliate marketer they have millions of products here that you can promote ok you can earn a commission from anything you promote inside Amazon here so it works the same way it totally depends on your niche here how you can drive traffic to it.
Sell stuff on eBay you have available that you don’t use at your home you can get stored there to sell this or you can actually use this platform to buy something and sell it much higher. So, you can be a sort of a middleman here so this is another option tons of ways and opportunities to make money eBay and you can of course do this from your home without any investment.
Have you ever thought of sharing your opinions and views to an unknown person. In this present world sharing any information with an unknown person is nothing less than inviting a trouble, but there was a time when people used to share their opinions, emotions or feelings to an unknown person. This was accomplished by writing letters. One used to write letters to those whose name, gender , age, caste etc were not known. The only thing they knew was address. This was the most exciting thing youths of those days used to do. By this they also made friends of their own choice. The friends made are called Pen friends or pen pals.
This practice started from the early 70s and prevailed as a trend for almost 2 decades. Those days there used to be a column in the newspaper, which had the addresses of those people who were interested in having a pen pal. From late 80s people started having pen friends from foreign countries too. Many people were really interested in reading different views and opinions so they had many pen friends. This practice also helped in gaining the knowledge of things happening in other places. Just imagine how different it is to know people like that, you know make friends with people you don’t know and it is your choice to carry it on or to end it.
In late 90s computers were made accessible and Electronic mail came in and started spreading its magic throughout the world. The ritual of handwritten letters were vanishing. Then mobiles made communication more efficient because of which writing letters to even the loved ones were stopped completely.
Pen pal are the purest form of friendship, why not start the trend once again. Lets once again start writing letters to our relatives and friends who are far. You know writing letters is something so personnel, one invests time in it thinks a hundred times what to write and how to write. After scrambling tons of thoughts and papers (does not mean you waste paper, please do not waste paper) the last draft is ready , the anxiety of posting it and then waiting for the reply is another feeling. In this world where everything is fake let us make friendships real. When you friend receives the letter, they would feel you in the letter. When the read it in their mind it would be as if your voice is reading it, which would definitely give a feeling though for just sometime that you are around them narrating your story.
Really how did this wonderful tradition come to an end!!
let us not end it, let us find new friends once again, make Pen friends and lets keep up the friendship for life. Lets share each others happiness and sorrows so that we don’t feel alone and always be feel happy of having a friend somewhere who is always there to listen to our thoughts , opinions and problems and to show that we care about them. May be by doing this we can make a much happier world to live in.
Ideas have an impact far more powerful than we imagine. We all wish to express our ideas, and it is the ‘power of the pen’ which helps us express. Who could think that such a small instrument would take such a big space of human life?
When a child, a teacher, a book and a pen come together, they change the world. The teacher using the book directs the child towards self-discovery. A pen gives his innocent dreams the wings and these dreams, hence, see the light of the day. A writer gets to write a new chapter. For him, this pen is everything. He pours all his emotions via a pen on a blank page. This pen becomes the tongue of his mind. A painter gives colours to his imagination. His perspective is serenely painted on a canvas. Anyone who sees it is mesmerized.
In the giant game of construction, some bravely choose a pen. What they create reflects the victory of man’s genius. An architect impeccable shapes homes, giving shelter to many. Cities are constructed based on plans penned by developers.
A hero’s dying wish is that people acknowledge his bravery; not concoct stories which never existed. His pen conveys his heroics. This pen reflected his power. People now know how he served his nation.
In this era, one must learn to protect oneself with the pen, not with the gun. We have journalists who do this for us. They protect our interest when they lift their pen. They give us news with their pen. They keep us updated with the happenings in the world.
In the hands of a doctor, a pen prescribes medicine and saves someone’s life.
Life is given to words with the power of the pen where the spoken words have no place, the written one’s triumph.
The declaration of our independence and its sovereignty was written using a pen without which there would be none of its existence. An actor lifts his pen for an autograph. Design created by this object gives his name value.
Swords are short and sharp, but a pen, the pen is sharper.
The pen is so powerful that if it goes in the hands of a liar, he will not only tongue the false but also deceive by writing.
For some, a pen is as important as a beak is to hen.
A teacher finds it magical for it is she who sees the textures and tone that a mere pen point produces in an exam paper. Lives are created and destroyed in that examination hall. If the pen works you pass and if it doesn’t you fail the test.
This is the ‘Power of Pen’. Let us embrace it and shape a better world together.
I know, I can, if I do, but I don’t know why I don’t give a try to do it. I am escaping from trying and proudly expressing it. How shameful must I be to admit such a fact. Why do I even give a push to myself when I am capable of doing it. If I am not capable, atleast I should give a try to be capable enough. I am capable of doing it but incapable of trying it. Knowing that makes me feel insecure about me. I know about it and behave as though I am I never knew.
Atleast I should be true to myself. Betraying me and trying to hide myself from me is the worst thing that I can do to myself. I know it and I still do nothing. Telling lies to others is not that offensive but trying to be someone to yourself is not good. I know that I can but I push myself either by knowing it or by can’t doing it. Either way I dont do it.
Doing for doing is not at all a doing. Enjoy the doing and make it done else undo it and do some other thing that makes you do and will make you go through doing and make it happen as a done. Do it by enjoying else quit it by undoing. The only thing that we remember is the process of doing. We will forget the result of doing. Enjoy the doing till it’s done. Do with joy and enjoy the feeling of joy.
I know I should do what I should but I must do only the things which make me happy. Happiness is not measurement, it is a sudden process. Happiness is a temporary process which can bring people, the permanent happiness. The way we feel for the things tells us the way we love the process. Live tour work, if you can’t love it then leave it. The work must make you feel the feel that lasts till the work got completely completed.
Behave truly to yourself. You should not feel regret about yourself. The only thing that matters to you is you. Atleast be true and behave accordingly. The last suggestion about your decision you make is made by you either it’s regarding your death. Your life or death is both in your hands. The decision you take is the decision you make.
Sivakamiyin Sabadham is a historical Tamil novel set in 7th century South India written by Kalki in 1944. Kalki Krishnamurthy, recipient of India’s highest literary honour – the Sahitya Akademi Award. Believed by some to be one of the first historical novels in Tamil it was originally serialized in the weekly Kalki magazine for about 12 years. Along with Ponniyin Selvan, this is widely regarded as one of the greatest novels ever written in Tamil Set in 7th century south India against the backdrop of various historical events and figures. The novel created widespread interest in Tamil history when it was being published in the 1940s. Mahendravarman I, the Pallava emperor plays an important role in the first half of the story while his son Narasimhavarman comes into his own as the novel progresses. The plot revolves around the historical events of the Chalukya king Pulakesi II playing a siege of Kanchi and Narasimhavarman avenging this by attacking Vatapi the capital of the Chalukyas. The novel is divided into four volumes.
PART 1:PARANJOTHI’S JOURNEY
The novel begins with the arrival of paranjothi in the city of kanchi to attain tutelage under the Tamil saint Thirunavukarassar. But he ends up saving the damsel Sivagami and her father Aayannar from a mad elephant by throwing a spear at it, almost by reflex. There is considerable unease in the town since the Chalukya king Pulikesi is on his way to attack Kanchi. That night Paranjothi is arrested by the guards and is kept in a cell since Mahendravarman wants to see and jail the young man who saved the life of his most important artists. But Paranjothi manages to escape from the prison with help from Naganandhi.
Naganandhi takes him out of the Kanchi fort through a secret tunnel to meet the master sculptor Aayannar, who stays outside the fort in a small settlement. Paranjothi plans to join the sculptor as a student and believes that should be possible since his uncle, a friend of Aayannar, has provided a letter asking Aayannar to take care of his nephew. Naganandhi, who has promised Aayannar that he would get him the secret behind the dyes used in the Ajanta paintings under Chalukyas, asks Aayannar to send Paranjothi on a trip to the vindhyas to meet a monk who Naganandhi says, should give Paranjothi the secret formula for the dyes. Accordingly, Paranjothi is sent with a note written by Naganandhi.
Narasimhavarman continues visiting his lover, Sivagami who has mastered the ancient Indian dance form, bharathanatiyam. But this growing romance between the prince and the sculptor’s daughter does not have the approval of the king. Mahendravarman also orders a livid Narasimhavarman, that he should stay in Kanchi and safeguard it when he goes and takes care of Pulakeshin in the battle field.
Meanwhile, en route, Paranjothi meets a soldier, Wajrabahu, who gives him company till the inn where they decide to stay for the night. When Paranjothi is fast asleep, Wajrabahu changes the content of the letter that Paranjothi is carrying. What change is made is absurd. The next day both part ways. Paranjothi is captured by the soldiers of the approaching Chalukya army. He is taken to Pulakeshin and presented as a spy. Pulakeshin deciphers the letter that Paranjothi is carrying to mean the young man should be given the secret of the Ajanta dyes. Unable to communicate with Paranjothi (since Pulakeshin does not understand Tamil and Paranjothi does not understand Kannada). Pulikesi asks Wajrabahu to interrogate the surprised Paranjothi. Having confirmed from Wajrabahu that Paranjothi indeed knew nothing, Emperor Pulakeshin the great orders Paranjothi to continue his journey to the Vindhyas accompanied by his soldiers. Wajrabahu informs the scared Paranjothi not to worry and asks the young man to trust him. Paranjothi leaves from Pulakesi’s camp with some soldiers accompanying him. At night when the soldiers are asleep Paranjothi escapes with the help of Wajrabahu who takes him to the Pallava camp. Paranjothi believes Wajrabahu is a Pallava spy only to later realize that it is in fact the Pallava King, Mahendravarman himself.
PART 2:THE SIEGE OF KANCHI
Seven months pass and Paranjothi is now a trusted and able commander in Mahendravarman’s army. With the battle with Pulikesi fast approaching, Paranjothi returns to Kanchi and soon becomes a close friend of Narasimhavarman. The prince also finds him a suitable companion to describe his lost love and longing to meet Sivagami. Satrugnan, the spy chief, in the Pallava army, comes with the news from the emperor asking Narasimhavarman to launch an attack on Durveneedhan, a local chieftain who tries to attack Kanchi in this hour of crisis.
Aayannar and Sivagami, after being prodded by Naganandhi leave from their settlement to a Buddhist monastery to get away from the impending war. Naganandhi almost gains Sivagami’s trust by promising her that he will make her famous by arranging for her performance in all the important sites of the Chola and pandya kingdoms. From the Buddhist monastery Sivagami notices Narasimhavarman chasing Durveneedhan’s forces and in a sudden twist of events Narasimhavarman rescues Aayannar, Sivagami from an impending flood. Unknowst to them the flood actually results due to the breach of the bank of a lake by Naganandhi.
The prince, sculptor and the dancer along with Gundodharan a student of Aayannar (who is actually a spy working for the Pallavas) take refuge in the village, Mandapapattu. The romance between Narasimhavarman further blossoms with Sivagami getting convinced that the prince would eventually marry her even though she is a poor sculptor’s daughter. Naganandhi tries to assassinate Narasimhavarman but is locked in a room in a temple by the quick wits of Gundodharan. Naganandhi, however, manages to escape and steal the royal seal of the Pallavas. The emperor Mahendravarman reaches the village and almost begs Sivagami to forget marrying Narasimhavarman something which Sivagami claims is very difficult for her to do. Finally the royal party leaves for Kanchi leaving behind Aayannar and Sivagami.
Mahendravarman returns to Kanchi. Nanganandhi is arrested by Mahendravarman in Kanchi. As per the orders of the king, the fort is properly protected and is ready to face the invasion of Pulakeshin’s army. The siege of Kanchi by Pulakeshin begins.
PART 3:THE MONK’S LOVE
Pulakeshin tries bulldozing his way into the fort only to realise that Mahendravarman has fortified the city almost impregnably. He decides to camp outside the fort as long as it takes since he believes that the stockpile of food would soon run out in the fort forcing the Pallava king to surrender. But the city of Kanchi has stocked well and continues to thrive and Pulakesi realises that his forces are running out of food and the elephants are slowly turning uncontrollable.
He calls truce and says he wants to enter Kanchi as the King’s friend much to the disbelief and dismay of Narasimhavarman, who does not trust the sincerity of Pulikesi. But Mahendravarman tries to convince and finally makes sure Narasimhavarman is not in town when Pulakeshin enters it, by asking the prince to go to war with the pandya kings in the south. Pulakeshin enjoys the royal hospitality. Sivagami comes from Mandapapattu and performs in the royal assemblage after being ordered by Mahendravarman. Aayannar and Sivagami stay in Kanchi waiting for the fort gates to reopen. Pulakeshin leaves Kanchi and on the final day Mahendravarman reveals how he managed to outwit him as Wajrabahu.
Mahendravarman releases Naganandhi. Not aware of the danger that awaits them, Sivagami and Aayannar leave Kanchi using a secret tunnel only to be caught by Pulakeshin’s forces. Naganandhi dressed as the king Pulakeshin rescues Aayannar from the soldiers. Mahendravarman is seriously injured in a battle with Pulakeshin’s forces. He is bed ridden and realises his folly of extending a hand of friendship to the Chalukya king. He orders Narasimhavarman to avenge this shame to the Pallava dynasty and rescue Sivagami from the clutches of the Pulikesi.
Sivagami is taken along with the other prisoners to Vatapi. Naganandhi confesses his love for Sivagami to a shocked Pulakesi, who promises to take care of Sivagami. Naganandhi leaves to take care of other matters at hand. In Vatapi, Pulikesi raises a victory column claiming his victory against the Pallavas. Sivagami refuses to dance in front of the Persian emissaries in Pulakesi’s court. But Pulakesi devises a devious way of making her dance by beating the captured Pallava citizens and stopping only when Sivagami dances.
Humiliated Sivagami vows that she would not leave Vatapi until Narasimhavarman burns it down and rescues her. She cites the vow as a reason and refuses to come with Narasimhavarman when he makes a secret visit to come and rescue her.
The play beautifully depicts the eroding moral values during Pallava period in Tamil country.
PART 4:THE SHATTERED DREAM
Nine years pass. Mahendravarman has died, never recovering from the injury he sustained from the battle with Pulakeshin’s army. Narasimhavarman, now crowned King, is married to the Pandya princess, Vanamadevi. He continues his preparation for attacking Vatapi. Meanwhile, the differences between the brothers Naganandhi and Pulikesi increases. Naganandhi believes that he should be ruling the country, something he forsook when he took up the Buddhist way of life. He also hides from Pulakeshin the fact that the Pallava forces are on their way to attack Vatapi. What further adds to Nangandhi’s anguish is the non-subjugation of Sivagami.
Pulakeshin visits Ajanta to take part in a cultural festival and at that time Narasimhavarman reaches Vatapi. The citizens of the fort offer to surrender. Meanwhile, a battle ensues between the returning Pulakeshin’s army and the Pallava forces outside the Vatapi fort. Pulakeshin is killed in this battle but this information is not known to the Pallavas since the body is taken and cremated by Naganandhi. Naganandhi returns to Vatapi as Pulakeshin (through a secret tunnel) and withdraws the surrender offer.
The novel climaxes with Naganandhi being allowed to escape by Paranjothi on the grounds that Paranjothi does not want to kill a Buddhist monk. Paranjothi feels disturbed with war and the cost that humans have to pay and announces that he taking the life of a Saivite and takes up the name Sirunthodar. Sivagami is united with her aging father. She is initially heart-broken on realising that Narasimhavarman is married to someone else, but later decides to dedicates herself to the God Shiva of Kanchi,Ekambareshwar.
Who should be the king? This was the question that members and enemies of the chola dynasty were asking each other in 10th century Tamil Nadu and the incidents around this episode forms the plot for R. Krishnamurthy’s (pen name: Kalki) epic novel Ponniyin Selvan.He was also the first significant historical novelist in Tamil and his other works include Parthiban Kanavu and Sivagamiyin Sabatham.
Parantaka Chozha was succeeded by his second son Kandaraditha as the first son Rajaditha had died in a battle. On the death of Kandaraditha, his son Maduranthaka was a child and hence Kandaraditha’s brother Arinjaya ascended the throne. After Arinjaya’s death, his son Parantaka II, Sundara Choza was coronated. He had two sons, Aditha Karikalan and Arulmozhi Varman and a daughter Kundavai. When the story starts, the emperor Sundara Chola is ill and bedridden. Aditha Karikalan is the general of the Northen Command and lived in Kanchi and Arulmozhi Varman is in Sri Lanka in battle and their sister Kundavai Piratti lived in Chola royal household at Pazhayari.
One person who gets a glimpse of the Pandya conspirators is a warrior of the Vana clan Vallavarayan Vandiyathevan. Even though the book is titled Ponniyin Selvan, the hero of the book is Vandiyathevan, a friend of Adhitha Karikalan.It is through Vandiyathevan that we meet most of the characters in the novel such as Arulmozhi Varman, the prince whom all the people loved and Periya Pazhavetturayar, the chancellor who married Nandini when he was sixty. During his youth Aditha Karikalan had fallen in love with Nandini, but she turned vengeful after Aditha Karikalan killed Veerapadyan (who was either Nandini’s father or brother) and vowed to destroy the Chozha dynasty.
Besides these, there are other characters like Maduranthaka Thevar, the son of Kandaraditha and the man whom the conspirators want to crown king, and Anirudha Brahmarayar, Sundara Chozhar’s Prime Minister and the man who has eyes and ears everywere. There are some lovely women too, like Vanathi, the Kodumbalur princess who is in love with Arulmozhi, Poonkuzhali, the boat woman who rows the future king to Lanka, Mandakini, the deaf and dumb step mother and Rakkammal, the wife of a boatman who supports the Pandya conspirators. Most memorable among these is Nandini, who has the power to make influence any man.
With the help of a boat girl, Vandiyathevan reaches Sri Lanka and meets Ponniyin Selvan and becomes his close friend. In Lanka, Ponniyin Selvan realizes that his father had spent some time in an island near Lanka and had been with a girl born deaf and dumb.Later one day in Thirupurambayam forest Vandiyathevan seens Nandini and the Pandya conspirators place a small boy on a throne and take a vow in front of him. Who is this boy and what right does he have to the thone? This is the kind of suspense that is maintained throughout the novel.While coming back from Lanka, Ponniyin Selvan is caught in a cyclone and goes missing. Rumor spreads that he is dead, but he survives and stays at Choodamani Viharam, a Buddhist monastery in Nagapattinam. Then slowly the dispersed family starts asembling. The conspirators meanwhile choose one day in which both the king and both his sons would be assasinated.
Will the conspirators succeed in killing Sundara Chozha and crowning Madhuranthaka as the king or will Ponniyin Selvan be the king? That is the summary for the story. But then it is not that simple either for all the people in the novel have long histories of interaction with each other and everything is not as black and white as it seems. There are new revelations and relations being established all the time. and even when you think you can predict what is going to happen, new surprises pop up.
The three strengths of Kalki are plot, characters and dialogue.There is not even one dull moment in this 1800 page book. Suspense is maintained throughout the novel and when you think you have understood his techniques, the characters themselves reveal that they are not who you think they are. Even the last book is a page turner due to the unexpected turn of events.The dialogue between the characters are very poetic which looks odd in English. I am sure would have sounded beautiful in Tamil.
There are couple of points of irritation also. The author for some reason decides to pop into the novel at some places and give some commentary which is sometimes a detail about history, or a rationalization of events. This intervention broke the flow and I felt would have been more appropriate as an appendix or a separate article. In the book, Vandiyathevan goes to Sri Lanka in a boat rowed by the boatwoman Poonkuzhali, but there is very less detail of the type of boat or how they were able to navigate the ocean.
This was originally published in Tamil, but thanks to the translation by C.V.Karthik Narayanan, non-Tamil reading people like me can enjoy this classic work. People who can read Tamil have certified that this translation is excellent. Though this book is quite lengthy it is a page turner.
The Harry Potter books are very successful upon their being published. The Harry Potter books describe us as muggles, non magical people who live our lives not knowing the existence of wizards. Wizards are usually tolerant and good toward muggles. The book thins the line between real life and fantasy.Harry Potter with a scar on his forehead, usually broken glasses, his small skinny frame and lateness about learning the wizard world, is that underdog hero that everyone covets to see. He succeeds in his endeavors because he is enthusiastic, he has a significant amount of courage, and the best friends anyone person could hope to have.
It’s stunning how much more he cares about other people than he does himself. The book contains all the elements of adventure stories, coming of age, monsters, magic, sports, and miracles. It’s like a snickers bar. Everyone loves chocolate, caramel, peanuts and nougat. Put them all together and you have one tasty concoction. According to the book, it’s the only all-magical town in Britain. Starting in the third year, the students are allowed to travel there, which is only a few miles away, on scheduled visits.
Ron Weasley is the best friend of Harry Potter. His self esteem is as erratic as the stock market. Unlike Harry, he has no financial means. His father is a member of the Ministry of Magic and his family is backed by generations of pure blooded wizards, but Ron is often picked on by Malfoy for wearing tattered robes, for living in an old house, and for not having a rich father.Harry are inseparable. Ron tends to be perceived as a sidekick to Harry, which is not true at all.
In at nutshell, Hermione Granger is a know-it-all who is never shy to voice her opinion. In the same way that Harry represents courage and Ron represents loyalty, Hermione represents the only brain the trio seems to have. I honestly wonder what they would do without her. They always rely on her expert spell knowledge and quick thinking. Hermione was born to a muggle family, but she is the top student in her class. Although she disapproves of Ron and Harry’s behavior (sometimes), she stands by them. When in doubt, she turns to books. She is a type of person that believes a book has the answer to almost any problem.
In the book, she’s stressed by work constant conflicting with Ron, so several times she snaps and lets loose of the rule breaking demon inside of her, once hitting Malfoy, and another time walking out on Divination class when the professor insulted her. It is her magic hourglass, called the time turner that allows her to go back in time to take extra classes, and helps her and Harry save Sirius and Buckbeak.
Harry Potter is the thirteen-year-old protagonist of the story and the entire series. He is famous in the wizard community for being “the boy who lived”. When he was one year old, the most powerful dark wizard Lord Voldermort tried to kill him but the curse rebounded upon him and he nearly died. As a result of the curse rebounding back at Voldermort, Harry was left with a small lightening shaped scar on his forehead. Harry doesn’t remember these events, and because was orphaned by Voldemort’s attack, he lives with his aunt, uncle, and cousin.
The point of view for the entire book is third person limited. Third person limited point of view is essentially living through only one character, usually the main character. In Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban, the character you live through is, you guessed it, Harry Potter. We get a sense of Harry’s thoughts and senses constantly. Every single part of the book we read through Harry’s, eyes, ears, smell, touch, tastes, and thoughts.
Cadbury, which is the world’s second largest confectionery company, is also the only company that has a chocolate, candy and gum products, is a leading a large, growing, brand-led industry. It has a great market shares and has many honest consumers, but it has also a numerous of competitors such as Altria Group, Nestle, Hershey, Ferrero, Unilever, and so on. Nestle is the world’s largest food manufacturer, and Nestle is famous for producing instant coffee and chocolate bars. Currently has for the local market and culture-rich products, such as Chocolate and candy, bottled water, beverages and dried milk. Hershey is the largest chocolate and candy manufacturer in the North America. Ferrero Group is the world’s fourth largest chocolate manufacturer. Unilever Group is the world’s second-largest consumer products maker. Unilever operates the following two major product areas: food and household and personal care products.And all global candy and chocolate enterprise play a great role in the market battle in contend for markets.
After uniting with KFT, a new kind of product will be exploited, this is walnut candy. First, the main raw material of walnut is nut, which is a nut fruit.Walnut nutritious are rich in protein, fat, minerals and vitamins, fat containing linoleum acid and more nutritional value, as well as vitamins B and E, which could prevent cell aging, enhance memory and release aging. Walnuts also contain special vitamin ingredients, not only did not increase cholesterol.Walnuts also contain many trace elements needed by the body, which are important proprietary accessories. When you feel tired, chew more walnut, with ease fatigue and stress. So, if through a special process, nuts can be made the walnut sugar, that it not only can play the role of health care products, but also a broad market.
Target market is the fundamental starting point of regional marketing. Analysis and grasp the regional marketing system, subsystem from its target market began to take marketing or target marketing positioning of thinking. Determining the target market must be looking for both demand in the market and consistent with its resources and advantages of the target market segments.The key is to meet the needs of the customer better than competitors; integrated marketing is that the company will have to serve customers in all sectors interests, all sectors must be coordinated departure from the Customer Perspective.
Walnut candy is a fresh product for most people, because of wide variety of sources of raw materials, so it has a big price advantage. Meanwhile, Cadbury and Kraft as a joint, for the walnut candy sales offers a wide range of channels. Therefore, walnut candy as a new product is very competitive and has a broad space for development.
I have seen this movie a hundred times, every time I learn something new from this movie. A beautiful movie which depicts a string of emotions different people go through. What is fascinating about this movie is that in this movie no one is perfect ( as defined by the Indian cinema), everyone has their own traits which makes them look different but all these people with different traits live together and do not try to change each other rather they respect individuality ,Which I think this generation does not do. We are always in a race to become like someone, want a hair style like her, hey I want a bike like him, You should do an MBA as she did and etc. There are many factors which tends us to change our identity, our belief systems to make us someone we are not. What is required is not to make ourselves like others rather to learn things constantly, and bring out a better human from inside.
This movie revolves around Uma played by Sharmila Tagore who is a very shy and a quiet girl. Who never speaks up ,does not have aspirations or desires rather thinks that she is the reason her mother died. Her mother died at the time of her birth, since then her father went into an emotional trauma and distances himself from his daughter. The father daughter share the same roof but never do they talk to each other. This movie is directed by Hrishikesh Mukherjee and his movies always depicts complex relationships in a very simple yet elegant way.
Ashok played by Dharmendra is a struggling writer, he is poor but is determined not to ask the rich for favors. He has some principles in life reading this you might think he would be a very strict person, that’s not true. He is fun, he translates his misery into a joke every time he talks to people.
Such meaningful and heartfelt movies with songs having references to the storyline is not made nowadays. It does not mean that all the movies in this era are bad, it is just that they do not have any relevance, every movie you see today will have a catchy party song, a very heartfelt romantic song, a sad song that is it just to grab public attention. In Anupama the director used songs only to convey some feelings which cannot be said by a speech. Like the song kuch dil ne kaha portrays that Uma is a person who is shy of talking to people but opens up her feelings to flowers and leaves as she thinks they are her friends.
This movie does not have dramatic screenplay but it sure has many emotions, beliefs and trusts being broken or overflowed. Ashok when meets Uma and comes to know of her feelings , he gives her some advice about how grateful she should be that she has many things that many people don’t have and about the emotional chakravyuh she is in, he says “it is you who can get yourself out of this, some problems that we have created have to be solved by ourselves that is the best way”.
The movie was an eye-opener for me and I guess it would for you too.
Attitude is a huge thing and small part of Attitude is EGO, Example if Attitude is a Continent then Ego is just a small country in it Attitude can be divided into two parts first Right attitude and Second is Wrong attitude people get confuse between ego and attitude because ego is the part of wrong attitude but the best part is that you can be a good attitude person without having an ego. Likewise, Every Indian is an Asian, but every Asian will be an Indian is not compulsory similarly,
“every Egoistic person will for sure have Attitude, but person who has Attitude doesn’t have Ego”.
Hence even you should be a person who has attitude you shouldn’t be a person who is egoistic or who has a bad attitude (wrong attitude) Now let’s talk about definition, Attitude shows what we think about other things How we feel and how we respond in any situation whereas Ego always allow us to think about our self-esteem and self-importance for example, person who has a Good Attitude will say No matter what happens I will win whereas an Egoistic person will say, that no matter what happens no one can beat me Good attitude person will live life as if he is the king of the world. Whereas bad attitude person lives a life as if everyone is their slave and everyone should always obey them.
Now let’s talk about today’s Book summary which is related to this Topic Author Ryan has accomplished huge successes in a very young age he was only 19 years when he became the youngest executive in the Talent Management Agency who later did signing of big rock bands, and also did consulting for many books which was sold in millions at the age of 21 he was the marketing director of an amazing Company AMERICAN PAREL. At the age of 25 he was also the best selling author everything was so perfect, but suddenly one day time changed and everything changed in his life he lost everything, he started failing in his life, he made a tattoo in his hand, he tattooed the most important reason of his failure in his hand so that he never forget that and should never repeat that same mistake in his life and can avoid such failure again.
The tattoo which he made in his hand was “EGO IS THE ENEMY” because his ego was the main and the most important reason for his failure and that reason he never wanted to forget Ryan defines Ego as an unhealthy belief which make us obsessed about self-importance. Ryan says that ego is “something which converts our Confidence to Arrogance Ego is that dangerous thing which ruins or destroys our long term goals by just giving us short term satisfaction, and by making us feel; superior from others for just for short time and such ego is not at all right”. Author says that every person in their lives always stays in one stage out of three first stage is ASPIRING, second is SUCCEEDING and third is FAILING:
Either person is aspiring, means working on something in order to achieve something in his life wanted to become something in his life.
Either person has already achieved in his life, means he already faced success.
Either person is failing in his life, he is not able to achieve anything huge in his life.
Now the biggest obstacle which stands firm in front of us during all three stages to defeat us is nothing but our OWN EGO. Now let’s see how EGO Comes between all three stages to destroy our goals:
1.Aspiring, Rohit has seen a video related to body building he loved that video, hence he decided that he will for sure become a bodybuilder no matter what happens after deciding. On first day he started posting workout pictures on social media pages by NO PAIN NO GAIN #WORKINGONMYDREAMS with this he started showing off more than his actions, he do less and show more after few days his entire motivation goes down, and he return to his normal life. Well this happens to many people and the reason for this is EGO Our Ego always makes us think what others are thinking about us therefore instead of taking maximum action for our goal completion. We started doing easy things to impress others such has we started talking more, we start uploading pictures on social media pages which in reality nor impress others not even allow us to complete our goals because in show off and talking same resources are required which is needed to complete our actual goals, which is our time, mental physical health /energy and our will power and mostly we use all these and finish it just by showing off and talking. Hence it will be best if you avoid wasting your energy on talking and in thinking about it all day, start using that same energy in taking action and in completing your goals.
2.Succeeding, at age 18 Howard Hughes took the biggest decision. He gave money to his relatives and bought 100 percent shares of his family business and became owner of that company. It was an Oil drill bit company this was the very bold decision because he wasn’t much aware about the business but still it proved to be the most brilliant move of his, Hughes shifted that company from 1 million dollar to 1 billion dollar he became very successful. His overconfidence or can say his Ego destroyed his success his ego made his career the most embarrassing the most dishonest and waste career in the history. The first huge Success of Hughes made him believe the he is very talented and he can be successful in any business, hence he get into Aviation field, film making and in stock market, and in every field he faced a huge loss in fact a biographer has shown Hughes end life in his book like he was sitting in his favorite chair naked, without taking care of his health, without bathing he was fighting with lawyers with investigators, investors by hiding his every wrong doings. So, that he doesn’t lose his everything Hughes Ego was the reason for his embarrassing end even after getting success he failed miserably most of the time when people get success, then their ego shift them from humble and learning person to overconfident person about their capabilities therefore they failed to maintain their success and hence they lose everything in their lives.
3.Failing, after many scandals and 300 million loss, company gave two options to American Apparel Founder Dove Chaney, first option to resign as a CEO from the company and to work as Creative Consultant and for that he will get a good pay or salary, and second to resign and completely leave the company at that Time Dove rejected both options and chose the third and the worst option which was to FIGHT. He filed a case against his company, he sue his company, instead of searching a better CEO for a company. He made that company to reach to bankruptcy his ego didn’t allow him to think better for his company instead he destroyed his company as well as himself because after that case his life was so devastated that he used to sleep on his friend couch because he was bankrupt, had no money. Ego is something which never allow us to understand our own shortcomings and faults just like an alcoholic who feels the whole world is doing wrong with him. He himself does the worst for himself, without realising that he is the biggest enemy of himself. Similarly, when we fail to achieve something, at that time instead of taking responsibility our ego starts making excuses starts blaming world and others our ego blames and make excuses so that our respect doesn’t decrease hence we do everything but never realize our mistakes and shortcomings because of which we fail to overcome it and fail to get success and achievements in our lives.
The only thing that we can do to ourself is making us happy. Winning can make you get a job but Being happy can cost you a life. When the life you live is temporary, how can the problems be permanent.
The life you live must be the life you love. Earning till the end of life for the future where you no longer belong to make your next generation comfortable is so disgusting. Be o till you live. Earn for your life because you are not here to earn for them. Make them learn to earn. Living your life for the fullest is the great gift that you can give to yourself. Love to live the life you love. Try to be happy because that makes you happy.
Earn to live, don’t live to earn. What’s for that earning if you can’t spend. May be money matters but money isn’t the only thing that matters. It’s you, for whom you should answer. Self content is the only thing that makes you happy. Living isn’t that costly, but trying to live like others is cost you much. Become better version of yourself rather than becoming him/her. The sole person who cares about is you. Live to impress yourself. Don’t doubt yourself, believe you. Everyone are same but the work you do towards it fills that gap. Focus is the only thing that every one should develop. Focus on the unfocused to get focused.
Believing in your self confidence can make others believe you. If you can’t beleive you, how can you make others believe you. If you can’t, you will definitely can. Don’t try to escape, because life is giving opportunity to make you learn something. There are many something’s out there which are trying to complete you. Make yourself from it. Fail to learn. Learn to learn.
Love to learn and learn to love. Being you is the only thing that has to make you live. You are with whom you will be for the rest of the life. Remaining are temporary, you are permanent. Try to impress you and become the better version of you.
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