Category: News

Comprehensive, up-to-date news coverage, aggregated from sources all over the world by EduindexNews.

Poverty and Social Life

 

        

               POVERTY AND SOCIAL LIFE

What is poverty?

Poverty is the state of not having enough material possessions or income for a person’s basic needs. Poverty may include social, economical, and political elements.   

Absolute poverty is the complete lack of the means necessary to meet basic personal needs, such as food, clothing, and shelter. The floor at which absolute poverty is defined is always about the same, independent of the person’s permanent location or era.

Relative poverty occurs when a person cannot meet a minimum level of living standards, compared to others in the same time and place. Therefore, the floor at which relative poverty is defined varies from one country to another or from one society to another.

Effects of poverty-

Issues like hunger, illness, and poor sanitation are all causes and effects of poverty. That is to say, that not having food means being poor, but being poor also means being unable to afford food or clean water. The effects of poverty are often interrelated so that one problem rarely occurs alone. Bad sanitation makes one susceptible to diseases, and hunger and lack of clean water makes one even more vulnerable to diseases. Impoverished countries and communities often suffer from discrimination and end up caught in a cycle of poverty.

 Effects of poverty on health-

 Over 10,000 children die every day because they live in poor housing.

Without effective sanitation in their home, children are especially vulnerable to life-threatening diarrhea and intestinal infections. And in houses where there’s insufficient ventilation, people are especially vulnerable to respiratory diseases.

Clean, warm homes provide protection from the elements and help improve a family’s health by preventing illness and diseases such as tuberculosis, diarrhea, and malaria. Families who live in a properly constructed home are less likely to fall prey to such diseases and are better equipped to recover from any illnesses they may contract. It goes without saying that the mental health of individuals and families is greatly improved when physical health concerns are taken away.

Effects of poverty on education and schooling

Home gives children opportunity for the future by providing a stable foundation where they can study and do as well as they can at school.

Children are also able to develop into responsible adults as they experience security and see their own parents taking care of the home. For adults, home is key to maintaining employment and provides opportunities for income generation by the creation of home-based small businesses.

Effects of poverty on children and families

Home is indeed where the heart is and a stable, well constructed home is at the center of family life.

When families have a home where they feel safe and secure they will draw together as a family unit to love and support one another. There is also an added sense of pride and dignity that comes with a decent home which translates to a hopefulness for the future well being and success of the family.

There is plenty enough research showing that growing up in an unsafe environment not only affects children’s health seriously but also as a result of this the attendance at school (and ability to get a degree or diploma).

Perspectives-

Economic theories-

Causes of poverty are a highly ideologically charged subject, as different causes point to different remedies. Very broadly speaking, the socialist tradition locates the roots of poverty in problems of distribution and the use of the means of production as capital benefiting individuals, and calls for redistribution of health  as the solution, whereas the neoliberal school of thought is dedicated the idea that creating conditions for profitable private investment is the solution. Neoliberal think tanks have received extensive funding, and the ability to apply many of their ideas in highly indebted countries in the global south as a condition for receiving emergency loans from the International Monetary Fund.

Environmentalism-

A report published in 2013 by the world bank, with support from the climate and development knowledge network, found that climate change was likely to hinder future attempts to reduce poverty. The report presented the likely impacts of present day, 2 °C and 4 °C warming on agricultural production, water resources, coastal ecosystems and cities across Sub-Saharan Africa, South Asia and South East Asia. The impacts of a temperature rise of 2 °C included: regular food shortages in Sub-Saharan Africa; shifting rain patterns in South Asia leaving some parts under water and others without enough water for power generation, irrigation or drinking; degradation and loss of reefs in South East Asia, resulting in reduced fish stocks; and coastal communities and cities more vulnerable to increasingly violent storms.  In 2016, a UN report claimed that by 2030, an additional 122 million more people could be driven to extreme poverty because of climate change.

Spirituality-

Among some individuals, poverty is considered a necessary or desirable condition, which must be embraced to reach certain spiritual, moral, or intellectual states. Poverty is often understood to be an essential element of renunciation in religions such as Buddhism, Hinduism (only for monks, not for lay persons) and Jainism, whilst in Roman Catholicism it is one of the evangelical counsels. The main aim of giving up things of the materialistic world is to withdraw oneself from sensual pleasures (as they are considered illusionary and only temporary in some religions – such as the concept of dunia in Islam). This self-invited poverty (or giving up pleasures) is different from the one caused by economic imbalance.

Some Christian communities, such as the Simple Way, the Bruderhof, and the Amish value voluntary poverty; some even take a vow of poverty, similar to that

of the traditional Catholic orders, in order to live a more complete life of discipleship.

 

 

 

 

 

5 Hacks to Physical Fitness

Physical fitness is essential to lead a happy and healthy life. Being physically fit is important to be able to carry our family responsibilities, professional duties and perform day-to-day activities. The trio of eating nutritious food, staying active physically, and taking ample rest can help achieve physical fitness.

The pointers below are crucial in maintaining our physical fitness. These simple hacks are great for everyone, simple to follow as they can be easily weaved into our daily life but the benefits go a long way. As it is rightly said – “A healthy life is a happy life!”

  1. Do NOT hit snooze – Remember having the alarm set for & 7 a.m. but you kept hitting snooze until you realized it was 9 and you were already late for work? This is exactly what we need to avoid. Hitting the snooze button means getting off-track from your schedule, and then been constantly late for the other important events of the day. Missing breakfast, being fuzzy, and the guilt of missing your workout again – all of these consequences would affect your physical health. So take charge – start your day right to enjoy a productive day and physical fitness would follow.
  2. Move your body – One of the most important aspects of maintaining your physical health is being active. The lifestyle we have today is sedentary, with mostly desk jobs and also the Covid-19 pandemic restricting us to the four walls of our homes. This makes being active even more important, as a sedentary lifestyle is the root cause of many diseases. Indulging yourself in any physical activity you like – Cardio workouts, exercises, and weight training or even hobbies like dance helps in movement and keeps us active. Yoga too has proven to increase physical endurance, flexibility, and strength. Pick up one or more of these and your physical health is bound to improve.
  3. Eat the right food – The fuel you give to your body in the form of food is how healthy and fit you will be. We all know by now the importance of a balanced- diet which is a proper blend of proteins, carbohydrates, healthy fats, fibre, vitamins, and minerals. Avoiding highly processed, oily and fried food items and replacing them with healthy choices go a long way. Don’t get me wrong-a few cheat meals here and there are alright – as long as you have them in moderation.
  4. Having a sleep schedule – Having a sleep schedule – One can never stress enough the importance of a proper sleeping schedule and how it contributes towards physical fitness. Sleeping on time and waking up early in the morning is the mantra to a healthy life. In addition to that, getting ample sleep of seven-to-eight hours daily is equally important. Studies have proven to show that sleep deprivation has numerous health hazards and can give birth to potential issues like diabetes, heart attack/failure, decreased immunity, mood changes, and many more dangerous physical health conditions. It can also reduce the body’s ability to function properly, which means that for achieving physical fitness you have to start getting the required number of sleep hours, starting today!
  5. Emotional and Mental well-being – Being emotionally sound and mentally stable and strong is another very important aspect of being physically fit – but sadly also a point which is highly neglected. Be it stressing a lot or being worried and anxious, all of these are directly related to our physical health. Studies have shown that these conditions impact our health and other cardiovascular diseases. Stress is also related directly to gut health. Controlling your stress and anger levels proves to be beneficial in managing your physical health. If remained uncontrolled it can stand as a barrier between you and your goal of being physically fit and healthy.

The yellow fungus: 2021 has one more fatal disease to offer

Looks like the torments are going to take up new dimensions this 2021. While 2020 introduced us to the new normal, 2021 superseded its predecessor and comes bearing a variety of diseases to offer. We faced the mutated Covid-19, the wave of black fungus originating from Rajasthan, a few days ago we came across white fungus and its implications. As a ‘cherry’ on top of it all, today, India reported the first case of yellow fungus in Uttar Pradesh.

What is yellow fungus?

Yellow fungus otherwise known as mucor septicus, is a fungal infection just like black fungus and white fungus. It is said to often occur in lizards rather than human beings and has been classified deadly when compared to black and white fungus. The reason for its fatality is that it is harder to detect it, thus reducing the time to treat it at its earlier stages. In the worst case, it can also lead to organ failure and thus is not to be taken carelessly. The cause of fungal infections, be it black white or yellow, is said to arise due to poor hygiene. Fungal infections grow rapidly in atmospheres with higher humidity(30-40%).

Symptoms

Initial symptoms of yellow fungus are lack of appetite, lethargy and weight loss. The generality of early stage symptoms is the reason for its difficult detection. As the infection spreads, it can lead to sunken eyes, more time to heal wounds, development of pus and ultimately, it can induce necrosis(death of body cells and tissues), affecting organs leading to organ failure and in the worst case, death.

Out of the blue, why are fungal infections surfacing now?

Fungal infections are more likely to attack people with reduced immunity much than people with enriched immunity. Due the backlash faced by people due to Covid-19, the immunity system of people affected remained vulnerable. This vulnerability along with poor hygiene was taken advantage of, leading to rising cases of fungal infections. The director of the New Delhi’s All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) Randeep Guleria, stated that another reason for the spread is due to the irrational use of steroids for the treatment of Covid-19 contributing to compromised immunity. Find what Randeep Guleria said regarding this here.

Preventive methods

What can be done on our part to fight fungal infections? The obvious answer to it is clean environment. Some methods to follow:

  • Keep your residing place dry and clean as humidity is a growth factor for fungus.
  • Avoid using damp towels, shoes etc as they can become breeding grounds.
  • Do not wear tight clothing which can lead to absorption of sweat causing humid patches
  • Dispose stale food as soon as possible
  • Covid-19 patients should be careful and should report to hospital immediately on encountering symptoms

Be on the look out during these crazy times. Stay indoors and come out only if it is absolutely necessary. Be safe and take care.

Mucormycosis {Black Fungus}

Mucormycosis, formerly known as zygomycosis, is a fungal disease caused by a variety of fungi in the Mucorales family. This family of fungi is commonly found in the environment – in soil, for example – and is often connected with decaying organic matter like fruit and vegetables. Mucormycosis is a very uncommon infection. Mucor mould, which is widely found in soil, plants, manure, and decaying fruits and vegetables, causes it. It’s everywhere, in soil and air, and even in healthy people’s noses and snot. It affects the sinuses, brain, and lungs, and it can be fatal in diabetics or persons who are extremely immune-compromised, such as cancer patients or HIV/AIDS patients.

Mucorales fungi are opportunistic, which means they frequently infect humans who have a compromised immune system or damaged tissue. Immune function can be harmed by medicines that suppress the immune system, such as corticosteroids, as well as a variety of other immunocompromising illnesses, such as cancer or transplantation. Tissue damage can occur as a result of trauma or surgery.

Inhaling spores, eating spores in food or medicines, or having spores contaminate wounds are the three ways humans might get mucormycosis. The most common method is inhalation. Every day, we inhale the spores of a variety of fungi. However, if our immune systems and lungs are in good shape, they are unlikely to cause an infection.

Covid-19 infections are more severe in people with diabetes and obesity. They’re more likely to be given corticosteroids as a result of this. However, corticosteroids, in combination with diabetes, raise the risk of mucormycosis. Meanwhile, the virus that causes Covid-19 can harm airway tissue and blood vessels, putting them at risk of fungal infection. Mucormycosis can go to the eyes and cause blindness, or it can move to the brain and cause headaches or convulsions.

Controlling these fungal infections would necessitate improved awareness, better testing to detect them early, as well as an emphasis on diabetes management and the prudent use of corticosteroids. Patients will need access to surgery and antifungal treatment as soon as possible. However, more research into the prevention of these illnesses is required.

Computers in the service of mankind

Computer is the latest miracle that has ushered in a revolution in the application of science for the benefit of mankind. It is like a super electronic brain doing all types of difficult calculations, keeping records and storing data for mankind. Its main features are speed, accuracy and ability to store large amounts of data. It is an appliance which can do a job in seconds that would normally take days for hundreds of people to accomplish.

The modern world is undoubtedly a world of computers.Age old system of keeping records in voluminous registers and files is gradually making way for computer based data processing.It is used in schools, colleges, offices, banks, airlines, shops, laboratories, hospitals and libraries. Computer based telecommunication network can link-up any part of the world at any time. Robots have replaced manual labour in factories. In the field of medical diagnosis and printing technology computerised machines are doing wonders. The space flights would not have been possible without the application of computer science.

Computers dominate every sphere of man’s life. Its presence has been felt in railways, airlines, industries, commercial establishments, banks and telecommunications. Typewriters have made room for computerised word processors.

Even though computers yield greater productivity, they can replace human labour and cause unemployment. While mankind should reap the benefits of computerization, they should not allow it to deteriorate the employment situation.

The very familiar but not known to many: Chinavirus

The former US president Donald trump may be wrong about many things, however calling covid-19 as the “chinavirus” was not one of them. This pandemic has shattered the world, nearly 34.7 lakh people have already lost their lives, but the pandemic is relentless and unforgiving, with no intention of stopping the virus is spreading rapidly, hitting multiple times, causing waves of cases and deaths, rendering people jobless, hungry, suicidal, and in depression. Wherever it goes it stays and brings mass destruction along with it. Its goal? Global domination for a long time. With all these fearful idiosyncrasies of the virus, one must wonder who created it. Can a disease of this magnitude occur naturally? If so, then why didn’t the world face this pandemic a long time back? Is this the wrath of god or the doing of the devil?

The answer to this has been discovered. This is the doing of man. The “China virus” originated in a laboratory and the variants belong to it. A type of biological warfare, but done in the most perverse of ways, the sufferers being the entire world. This statement has been supported by a number of investigators and scientists, in much detail. China knew that the virus (which was not just SARS but a more deadly modification of it) had escaped from the lab and so, it closed down Wuhan to itself, but not the travel of international flights from Wuhan which carried suspected infected individuals. It has long tried to hide the fact that the virus was its own doing, and blamed it on bats and wet markets, which still continue to function as of today. When the rest of the world suffered, china profited from the helplessness of other countries and was healthy, back on its feet again. The unsettling part of china’s wet market claims is that if its so clear that the virus has originated from them, then why not let scientist of other countries investigate it at the proper time? Was china busy clearing up evidence from its labs? The WHO that supported China’s claims, itself seemed not to have been able to enter for a year.

There have been deflects from the chinavirus to the UK, South African and the Indian variants. These deflects and the continuous focus on the devastation the virus has been causing, has caused the point of origin of the virus seem of less concern. However, china is liable to give a reasonable explanation and pay for what it has done. These variants will naturally originate because of mutations caused due to the varying climatic conditions of different countries; however, the original virus was from china. This large-scale destruction cannot be caused by any random naturally occurring microorganism, but a specifically engineered bioweapon. However, what is atrocious is the fact that apart from the Indian and Australian media, not many are speaking up against china. It is because either they are too uplifted for China or afraid to cry out against China due to their diplomacy. Had it not been a superpower, everyone would have talked against it.

As more evidence surface each day against china (causing the “mysterious” deaths of many Chinese scientist who are speaking up) it will have to face lawsuits from all over the world. China does not recognise any international court of law; however, this will be of little importance as China has businesses and assets all across the world and if any court has sufficient evidence in any case, they will simply have to bind China’s assets in the country where prosecutions have won against China. There is a great deal of avarice on Wall Street and companies who are still willing to operate in China, but if China is sanctioned for its total lack of respect for the rule of law and for its criminal responsibility to deliberately infect the world while closing Wuhan to its own towns domestically, the international powers are going through a criminal case in China.

China should have at the proper time alerted the world about the virus, closed down international fights and not denied the fact that the virus is transmitted through persons. Rather it is trying to profit from vaccines, closing down oxygen supply to Indians who are suffering with the chinavirus, and blaming other countries on the pretext of variants. China should be shunned; it should pay for the losses of lives in developing countries and supply medical help rather than take objection on covid-19 being called the china or Wuhan virus. If we don’t stop it now, we only encourage it to do another “accidental” attack on the world.

Delhi Police visited Twitter India office amid the Toolkit Controversy

Delhi Police visited Twitter India amid the Congress toolkit controversy: A team of Delhi Police visited Twitter India office in Delhi, Gurugram regarding the earlier response of notices given to them. The team raided Twitter ‘s offices in Lado Sarai and Gurugram.

The Police took this action two days after the central government raised an objection on marking “manipulated media” on tweet of a spokeperson of their when he tweeted something related to Congress toolkit. Sambit Patra, a spokeperson of Bhartiya Janta Party tweeted “Friends look at the #CongressToolKit in extending help to the needy during the Pandemic! More of a PR exercise with the help of “Friendly Journalists” & “Influencers” than a soulful endeavour. Read for yourselves the agenda of the Congress“

After the toolkit controversy, some spokeperson of Bhartiya Janta Party started criticizing Congress for the content of toolkit which was primarily to defame Modi and defame India. BJP claims that Congress was circulating the toolkit to others as a guide or an advisory that how others should defame prime minister Narendra Modi. The viral toolkit was asking Congress supporters for defaming India and Modi by using the terms “Indian strain” and “Modi Strain“. The toolkit was also suggesting to keep blaming Kumbh Mela as the main spreader of Corona. It urged Congress supporters to keep spreading the term super spreader Kumbh.

As per some sources, the government has asked this social media giant to remove “manipulated media” tag from the post, claiming that it is not acceptable to pass any kind of judgement in the matter which is still under investigation. Twitter labelled the tweet of Sambit Patra as manipulated media and also continued that this may label Tweets that include media (videos, audio, and images) that have been deceptively altered or fabricated on May 21.

As per the government, the raiding of Twitter offices by Delhi Police was required as Police wants to ensure that who was the right person to serve notice to, as replies by MD of Twitter were ambiguous. Delhi Police PRO Chimnoy Biswal also agreed and said that “it appears that Twitter has some information that is not known to the police. This information is relevant to the inquiry“.

He further added, “it appears that Twitter has some information which is not known to us on the basis of which they have classified it (Patra’s tweet) as such. This information is relevant to the inquiry. The Special Cell, which is conducting the inquiry, wants to find out the truth. Twitter, which has claimed to know the underlying truth, should clarify“

However Congress is declining these allegations and is claiming that the toolkit which is said to be prepared by Congress is fake. It is blaming the opposite parties saying that they are trying to defame us. This is also a major reason of the controversy as it is appearing that Twitter is supporting the stand of Congress even before the investigation is completed. A lot of Congress supporters also lodged many fir complaints against few politicians of BJP including BJP chief JP Nadda, Smriti Irani and general secretary of BJP. A unit of Congress student’s wing NSUI also lodged complaint against Sambit Patra and few other BJP officials.

Widespread protest over the new “reforms” by Lakshadweep administrator

Lakshadweep is the smallest Union territory of India situated 220-440 kms across the south western coast of the country. It is a group of 36 small islands where only 11 of them are inhabited by people.Kavaratti, the largest of the islands, is the capital of the union territory. Almost 99% of the population are muslims and fishing is their primary occupation.Major languages in the island are Malayalam,Jeseri and Mahl.The island is dependent on the state of Kerala for education,health, jobs and trade.Customarily Lakshadweep was governed by administrators ( IAS/IPS officers ) with the support and consultation with elected district panchayath.This was the case till december 2020.But the demise of the then administrator Dineshwar Sharma IPS changed the scenario altogether as the Centre appointed Praful Patel as the administrator of Lakshadweep. He is not an IAS/IPS officer but a BJP leader who was the Home minister of Gujarat when the current Prime minister was Gujarat’s Chief minister.

 

The series of “reforms” he brought about which are being opposed by the islanders are; The island has one of the lowest crime rates in the country.The jail in Lakshadweep remains closed throughout and there is a police station for name sake. But the new administrator has implemented the Goonda Act in the island. Meat was removed from the lunch menu of the schools and he has also called for banning of cattle slaughter and beef consumption. This is seen as a direct attack on the culture of the island.200 temporary appointed high school teachers were dismissed and the students who protested against this were suppressed. Several anganwadis were closed in the island.

 

The administrator reduced the powers of the elected district panchayat and brought education,health,agriculture,fishing,local governing and animal conservation under his direct control.Two dairy farms were closed stating that they were running at loss. And it is now reported that milk is being exported from Gujarat to the island.Trade with the mainland usually happens through Beypore Port in Kerala now it has been diverted to Mangalore port.Also bizarre rules like people with more than 2 children  being exempted from contesting elections are also reported from the island.

 

The administrator defends himself saying that he is making these reforms to develop the island and to boost tourism here. Stating the same he has removed the sheds and other fishing equipment from the shore which was used by the fishing folks. The island was dry land but the administrator has approved the opening of beverages. 

 

The greatest opposition was against changing the existing SOP (Standard Operating Procedure) for COVID. The island was among the parts of the country in the green list during the first wave with zero cases reported.This was due to the strict quarantine measures implemented in the island.But the new administrator relaxed the rules to promote tourism which led to drastic increase in cases with the positivity rate going beyond 13%.

 

Huge protests against these policies are being held by islanders.But the islanders cannot involve themselves in direct protest due to covid restrictions,therefore the protest is held majorly online. The islanders have also started protesting at their footsteps.Also elected representatives and natives have contacted public figures and politicians to extend support to their cause and to bring their plight to mainstream media. The official Lakshadweep media handles were suspended and the twitter handles that posted against these reforms were taken down.Various requests have been made to the president to recall the administrator.

 

People have claimed that the BJP is trying to implement its facisit agenda in the island.But the BJP leaders have cleared this stating that these reforms are for the development of the island and to make it a tourism hub.”Unity in Diversity ” is our nation’s hallmark, therefore factors that disrupt this unity should not be encouraged even at the cost of development. Also freedom to choose the development that we want for our place should be accounted for. Development should never be at the cost of the lives and culture of the people of that place.

 

Save Lakshadweep

China Issues Total Ban On Synthetic Cannabinoids

China will proudly become the world’s first nation to ban all synthetic cannabinoid substances, the country’s National Narcotics Control Commission declared. This endeavour is liable to come into effect on July 1. It echoes China’s continued efforts to crack down on new psychoactive substances. Xi Jinping, existing President of China, aims to advance China to its glory through his grand strategy of “National Rejuvenation”. 

 According to Chinese councils, more than eight thousand variations of synthetic cannabinoids are manufactured worldwide. While some are being produced domestically, others are being smuggled from abroad. As it is becoming one of the most abused new psychoactive substances it spawns severe health risks. It is also highly cloaked and camouflaged. Some are detected in e-cigarette oil and some in cut tobacco formulated from leaves, flower petals etc. The former U.S. President Trump irritatedly criticised China for shipping synthetic opioids into the U.S. Cannabinoid substances stance a severe threat to society and its use and abuse increased alarmingly in the last few years. Hence, it is arising as a public health problem. Many of these drugs create enormous threats for abuse, addiction or overdose than the remaining drugs of abuse that they replace. One of the primary concerns about the widespread usage of these dopes is that their properties are unpredictable, hence the degree of threat they pose is unlikely. 

Synthetic cannabinoids represent the largest group of drugs detected and reported worldwide to the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. Sprayed on natural herb mixtures, it is often sold as “herbal smoking blends” or “herbal scent” under several brand names. Synthetic cannabinoids have been linked with deaths and acute intoxications in Europe and many other areas. In addition to being more powerful than natural cannabis, it may also have long half-lives, dangerously leading to a prolonged psychoactive effect. These are human-made chemicals and it alters your mind too. These chemicals are labelled cannabinoids because of their similarity to marijuana plant chemicals. Because of this resemblance, synthetic cannabinoids are often misleadingly titled synthetic marijuana or fake weed. Hence they are traded as safe and legal. In fact, they are not at all safe and may harm the brain much more intensely than marijuana and in some cases, it may even be life-threatening.


Health effects of synthetic cannabinoids

• Violent behaviour 

• Heightened moods

• Severe anxiety

• Confusion

• Paranoia

• Hallucinations

• Rapid heart rates

• Vomiting

• Gloomy thoughts

How do people take synthetic cannabinoids
The most common way of using this synthetic cannabinoid is by smoking the dried plant material. Users also buy synthetic cannabinoid products as liquids to try them in e-cigarettes.
Its overdose may result in kidney damage and seizures.


Thus, China added synthetic cannabinoids to its list of banned drugs. It is the second time that the Chinese government imposed a class-wide ban on a substance after it controlled all fentanyl-related drugs in 2019. The changes may take effect on July 1. It is a new situation and a new challenge for China. China knows and they stood up for themselves, creating a new world, new life for its people. They are saving their people from the nightmares of chemical slavery. Let us all hope for the best.


GLORIFYING ANCIENT INDIAN SCIENTIFIC DEVELOPMENTS

Today whatever the advancement that is taking place worldwide, whether in technology, medicine, cosmic, and health all the praises are sung for the westerners.

However, India on the other side was one of the most renowned and developed nations in the world, contributing 32.00% of the world GDP(3rd BCE-13th CE).

“Many of the advances in the sciences that we consider today to have been made in Europe were in fact made in India centuries ago”.

– Grant Duff (British Historian)
And no other way this could be said more clearly.

Astonishingly, many Indians do not know about their own country’s past and history.
We need to recognize and learn our accomplishments of the past and glorify them.
India, the land of sages and seer, is not just a country of multiple, colorful cultures but the land that gave the world all those that are fundamental blocks of today’s great advancements.

TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS:


Galileo Galilei, Pythagoras, Aristotle, Newton are some of the great scientists and scholars of the west that are credited for all major discoveries and inventions.

However, ancient Indian scientists like Aryabhatt, Patanjali, Charaka are a few of the gems of the ancient technological world.

The invention of zero-


The invention of “zero” by Aryabhatt in the fifth century is the greatest invention of all time. With the integration of zero in the place value system, the world is now able to write numbers no matter how long.
Lancelot Hogben said:
“There has been no more revolutionary contribution than the one which the Hindus (Indians) made when they invented ZERO”.

Gravitational force-


We remember the Theory of Gravitational Force to be the contribution of Sir Isaac Newton, but in 400-500AD India this was already discovered.
In Surya Siddhanta, Indian astronomer, Bhaskaracharya stated-” All objects fall due to a force of attraction. That is why earth, planets, moon, sun are all in their orbits due to this attraction force”.

The atomic theory was discovered thousand years ago in India

To the world, a 19th century English chemist John Dalton is the father of atomic theory. However, few people know that ancient Indian scientist Acharya Kanada talked about atoms or “paramanu” in his book Kanada Sutras, or Aphorisms of Kanada.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanada_(philosopher)#The_concept_of_anu_(atom)

Kanada opined, “paramanu is the indestructible particle of a matter”.

He also mentioned that atoms combine in a specific manner to form dvyanuka (diatomic molecules) and tryanuka (triatomic molecules).

WOOTZ STEEL:


The Discovery of wootz steel is one of the greatest discoveries in the metallurgical sector. It originated in South India, in present-day Tamil Nadu.
“Wootz steel is a crucible steel characterized by a pattern of bands and high carbon conten. The method was to heat black magnetite ore in the presence of carbon in a sealed clay crucible inside a charcoal furnace to completely remove slag”. as per Wikipedia.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wootz_steel

MEDICAL INNOVATIONS:

Plastic surgery-


Sushruta Samhita is the most important treatise on surgery written by Susruta. It describes the surgical training, instruments, and procedures practiced in modern surgery.
The treatise also deals with diseases and their prevention and cure, following with the number of bones in a human body.
It also thoroughly describes 700 medicinal herbs.n.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sushruta_Samhita#Prevention_versus_cure

Cataract Surgery-

Sushruta, an ancient Indian physician pioneered the first cataract surgery in the sixth century BC.
To remove the cataract he used a sharp needle called Jabamukhi Salaka, to loosen the lens and push the cataract out of the vision. Then the eye is bandaged till the time it gets healed.

Yoga–

Acharya Patanjali is the Father of Yoga. He introduced the Yoga Sūtra of Patañjali in the 2nd century BC which became a very renowned contribution to the world. Through this field of discipline, one can discover his true self and its 84 yogic posture has proved efficient for the proper functioning of different systems, i.e. endocrine, nervous, respiratory, circulatory, etc. The different breathing patterns taught in this discipline aids in calming down the mind, body, and soul and allows them to work in unison.

SANSKRIT SHLOKA SAYS-
yogaścittavṛttinirodhaḥ

                                          MEANING:

Yoga is restraining the mind-stuff (Chitta) from taking various forms (Vrttis).​

These were few of the many achievements of our ancient scientists.

At last, the contribution of Ancient Indian scientists to scientific technology is worth dignifying.
To India, the cradle of the eminent leading light, Mark Twain honours-
“India is the cradle of the human race, the birthplace of human speech, the mother of history, the grandmother of legend, and great grandmother of tradition”

Zombie Apocalypse | What are zombies?

Zombie Apocalypse

What are zombies?

To know about the zombie apocalypse, first of all, we need to know what are zombies? They have many definitions one of them is that they are corpses said to be revived by witchcraft, especially in certain African and Caribbean religions. Others say that these are humans whose brain is totally damaged except for a small part which helps them to control their limbs. Presently, zombies are fictional but as we can see many harmful viruses are affecting the world, maybe zombies would also come into existence.

zombie

 

What is a zombie apocalypse?

Apocalypse is the complete destruction of the world. The zombie apocalypse is a genre of fiction in which civilization collapses due to the overwhelming swarms of zombies. Typically, only a few individuals or small bands of survivors are left living. It is something that is the worst of all kinds of the apocalypse. Zombie virus can be something that can’t be destroyed because it can make us the most violent biological weapon!

 

Origin of zombies:

In movies, shows, and literature zombies are often depicted as being created by an infectious virus, which is passed on via bites and contact with bodily fluids. The Zombie Survival Guide identifies the cause of zombies as a virus called solanum. Other zombie origins shown in films include radiation from a destroyed NASA Venus probe (as in Night of the Living Dead), as well as mutations of existing conditions such as prions, mad-cow disease, measles, and rabies. Movies like World war Z, The Walking Dead, Resident Evil, and many more movies introduced us to zombies.

How to survive a zombie apocalypse?

To survive in such a situation, first of all, we should have an emergency kit in our houses including food, drink, and other supplies that will keep you alive for the first couple of days, until you find some zombie refugee camps to protect yourself.

 

Items in your emergency kit:

  • Water (1 gallon per person per day)
  • Food
  • Medications
  • Tools and Supplies (utility knife, Radio/Mobile Phone)
  • Sanitation and hygiene (Soap, towels, shampoo, etc.)
  • Clothing and bedding
  • Important documents (Driving License and other id proofs)
  • First-aid supplies

 

After preparing an emergency kit, next, your need to do is make is a surviving plan. Some possible ideas could be:

  • Identify the types of emergencies that are possible in your area.
  • Pick a meeting place for your family to regroup in case of zombies invade your home
  • Identify your emergency contacts. Make a list of local contacts like the police, fire department, and your local zombie response team.
  • Plan your evacuation route. When zombies are hungry, they won’t stop until they get food (i.e., brains), which means you need to get out of town fast!

Plans of CDC for the zombie apocalypse:

The centers for disease control and prevention (CDC) are already prepared for dealing with the Zombie apocalypse. If zombies start attacking in the streets, CDC would conduct an investigation and will try to investigate the number of zombies and their types. They will also provide technical assistance to cities, states, or international partners. This assistance might include consultation, lab testing and analysis, patient management and care, tracking of contacts, and infection control (including isolation and quarantine).

How can we prevent the occurrence of Zombie apocalypse:

As per the theories mentioned above, there are many measures that we can take to prevent the occurrence of this Apocalypse. The very first measure is to quarantine (remain isolated) the infected person until the discovery of the vaccine. Even the addiction to drugs can harm our brain’s nervous system causing the behavior of humans like a ZOMBIE so beware of drugs.

STAY HAPPY STAY SAFE!

How Global Warming has affected coral reef assemblages

Extreme weather occurrences are the result of human activity, and they pose a hazard to all ecosystems. The occurrence of mass bleaching on coral reefs is triggered by marine heat waves caused mostly by these activities. A coral reef is an undersea ecosystem made up of hundreds of polyps that secrete calcium carbonate. They are heterotrophic and stationary in nature. Corals and zooxanthellae show a mutualistic interaction in most cases. The disruption of the symbiosis between corals and zooxanthellae causes mass bleaching, causing reefs to turn pale and become physiologically and nutritionally impaired. A short period of abnormally high temperatures in a sea or ocean is known as a marine heat wave.

Great Barrier Reef (GBR), spanning 2300 kms in length was affected majorly due to the record breaking marine heat wave caused in 2016. GBR is divided into three segments- North, Central and South. 2016 marine heat wave majorly affected the North GBR and a bit of Central GBR. It was observed via satellites that different corals die at different rates of heat exposure. Intensity of coral-die off is measured in Degree Heating Weeks (DHW), unit being °C weeks.

Between March and November 2016, the North GBR, which covers 700 kilometres, lost 50.3 percent of its coral reefs, while the South GBR only lost 30%. Many coral reefs died in March because they were unable to reclaim their symbionts. When the heatwave intensity was 4-8°C weeks for the first few months, the median loss was 15.6 percent, rising to 27 percent as the intensity increased. With a 4°C week intensity, total coral reef loss was 44 percent, rising to 66 percent and 80 percent when the intensity reached 8°C weeks and more than 9°C weeks, respectively. While the reefs that experienced less than 25% of bleaching recovered in 8 months.

The response of coral assemblages on reefs exposed to a broad range of heat stress, ranging from 0 to 10°C-weeks, was strikingly nonlinear, establishing a winner versus loser relationship between them. According to a non-metric multi-dimensional scaling (nMDS) analysis, post-bleaching mortality disproportionately changed the assemblage structure and functional diversity of corals on reefs that suffered significant levels of bleaching. On these extensively bleached reefs, the abundances of all types of corals declined to varied degrees. Fast-growing, three-dimensional species such as tabular and staghorn Acropora, Seriatopora hystrix, and Stylophora pistillata, which dominate many shallow Indo-Pacific reefs, all dropped by more than 75%.

According to satellite-derived DHW data, during the 2016 bleaching episode, 28.6% of the 3,863 reefs that make up the Great Barrier Reef were exposed to thermal exposures of more than 6°C-weeks, and 20.7 percent (800 reefs) were exposed to more than 8°C-weeks. The abrupt, regional-scale shift in coral assemblages has also radically reduced the abundance and diversity of species traits that facilitate key ecological functions. In most cases, reefs have transitioned away from fast-growing, branching, and tabular species, which are essential suppliers of three-dimensional habitat, and toward a depauperate assemblage dominated by taxa with simpler morphological traits and slower growth rates. Substantial mortality occurred on the Great Barrier Reef in 2016 well below 6 °C-weeks, beginning instead at 3–4 °C-weeks, and with typical losses exceeding 50% at 4–5 °C-weeks. Identified threshold for breakdown of assemblage structure was approximately 6 °C-weeks.Because many of the surviving coral colonies continue to die slowly even after their algae symbionts have recovered due to tissue loss, the chances of a full recovery to pre-bleaching coral assemblages are slim. Also, larval recruitment to replace deceased corals and subsequent colony expansion will take at least a decade.

As the severity of global warming continues to rise, the 2016 marine heat wave has begun the first step of that transition on the northern, most pristine part of the Great Barrier Reef, irreversibly transforming it. This necessitates emphasising the need for risk assessments of ecosystem collapse, particularly if global climate action fails to keep warming to 1.5–2 °C above pre-industrial levels.

Overcoming Covid-19 Anxiety

Covid-19 cases have surged in India and we are all under lockdown again. While the phrase “Stay Home, Stay Safe” is a real need for the hour, not being able to meet our friends and family can leave us feeling isolated. This in turn affects our attitude, feelings, and motivation levels. Increased cases of covid anxiety and mental health problems have been reported since the outbreak began. The fear of getting infected, the isolation, and the frustration of not being able to accept the “new normal” make us feel threatened and anxious all the time. While we all hope to get out of this situation very soon, we need a lot of mental strength and energy to deal with this situation. If you are reading this, I want you to believe that you have the strength to surpass this tough time. And if you are struggling, feeling anxious, or overwhelmed then listed below are a few ways in which you can overcome your anxiety and feel better.

Understand and accept your feelings: You need to understand that feeling anxious in this state of unpredictability and panic is normal. Acknowledge what you feel and do not shy away from your thoughts thinking you cannot feel a certain way. Accept your feelings and make sure to let yourself know that there is a silver lining and stay positive. Fighting with yourself to not feel a specific way would only make it worse. 

Practice breathing – Deep breathing exercises help a lot when your mind feels stuck making you nervous and worried. Breathing calms you down and decreases stress levels. Fun fact, Inculcating daily breathing habits also increases immunity – which is the need of the hour!

Fix a routine – Whether it’s online classes or working at home, we all seem to be stuck online, surrounded by our smartphones and devices. You can overcome this by adjusting your schedule. Get up on time as you were used to doing when you had to go to classes or work. Shower and ready for the day’s work in the specified work corner at home. This also helps with work-life balance and makes you more productive.

Maintain a journal – Maintain a notebook and journal your feelings and activities of the day. If you’re feeling overwhelmed with emotions, be it sadness or happiness, writing them down will help you vent out your feelings to yourself. This self-talk works wonders in reducing stress and anxiety levels and helping you sleep better.

Exercise and Working out – Exercising each day not only has numerous health benefits but is also essential for our mental wellbeing. Even a short brisk walk for 10 mins increases your mental alertness, energy, and positive mood. Practicing regular physical activities will keep you active be it exercising, yoga, or even taking a walk. This will increase your self-esteem and can reduce stress and anxiety. 

Make a Self-care routine– Formulate a self-care routine for yourself, be it skincare, haircare, or even taking a soothing hot water shower. Taking care of yourself helps you relax and makes you feel good about yourself. Self-care makes a difference in your well-being making you feel confident, which in turn drives negative feelings away. 

Pursue a hobby and/or a favourite pastime– Picking up a hobby or a favourite pastime be it learning to play an instrument, picking up a new language, dance or fitness classes, gardening, etc can keep you satisfied and busy. Doing things you love would keep anxiety and negative emotions at bay. Spending time with nature like walking on your balcony or garden can lower anxiety and increase emotional well-being. 

Talk to family and friends – Talking to the people close to us be it family or friends or even both, helps us feel better instantly. Sharing how you feel, getting tips on what we can do to feel better from the people who know us – what can be better than that. Having people in our life who love and care for us during this hard time is a blessing and we should not shy away from seeking help from them.

Practicing gratitude – Being grateful is a powerful tool to battle anxiety. Start by preparing a list of the things you’re grateful for. Remind yourself that you are here, breathing, have a roof above your head, and food on your plate and these are a few of the many things that you can be grateful for. Feeling thankful for having the adequate resources to battle this pandemic and close ones to share your feelings with, these little things can also be a part of this list. A simple heartfelt thank you can mean a lot to your family and friends too and this way we all can help each other get through this tough time. 

Know when you need professional help– If your anxiety is overwhelming, and you are not able to sleep, eat or it’s hindering your normal day-to-day activities – get help. Do not shy away from therapy or seeking help from a mental health professional. Therapy is perfectly normal and it can improve the symptoms of many mental health conditions.

India : Unity of diversity

India is a vast country having different languages, religious and social customs that very widely from region to region. Still, India has always enjoyed the essential unity of culture in the midst of diversities.

There are many regional peculiarities in India. Apart from social and lingual differences, there exist differences in food habits, dresses and traditions. Historically, and politically India is one nation. there have lived million of people in India. For centuries non-Indians have lived in India but gradually became one of us. Great religious and political leaders have, by their preachings from time to time, enabled the people of India to imbibe the spirit of brotherhood.

Despite difference in religious beliefs professed by different people, India is a secular country. The Indian people are tolerant, full of charity and sympathy and are religious by nature. In spite of the fact that science and technology have given Indian people a new way of life, but their old values remain unchanged.

Indian philosophy and ethical systems and a deep sense of oneness make it possible for them all to live in peaceful coexistence with tolerance and broad unity of outlook.

Power of advertisement (विज्ञापन की शक्ति)

 विज्ञापन को दुनिया भर के उपभोक्ताओं को नियंत्रित करने के लिए सबसे शक्तिशाली, प्रेरक और जोड़-तोड़ करने वाले उपकरण के रूप में परिभाषित किया गया है।  यह संचार का एक रूप है जो आम तौर पर संभावित ग्राहकों को उत्पाद या सेवा के किसी विशेष ब्रांड को खरीदने या उपभोग करने के लिए मनाने का प्रयास करता है।  पूरे वर्षों में समाज पर इसका प्रभाव अद्भुत रहा है, खासकर इस प्रौद्योगिकी युग में।  लोगों की आदतों को प्रभावित करना, झूठी ज़रूरतें पैदा करना, हमारे समाज के मूल्यों और प्राथमिकताओं को लिंगवाद और नारीवाद से विकृत करना, विज्ञापन अपने शिकार का शिकार करने के लिए तैयार एक जहरीला सांप बन गया है।  हालांकि, दूसरी ओर, अर्थव्यवस्था और समाज की मदद के रूप में विज्ञापन का सकारात्मक प्रभाव पड़ा है।

विज्ञापन संचार का एक रूप है जिसका उद्देश्य दर्शकों को उत्पादों, सेवाओं या आदर्शों को खरीदने  करने के लिए प्रभावित करना है।  इसमें किसी उत्पाद या सेवा का नाम शामिल है और उस उत्पाद या सेवा से उपभोक्ता को कैसे लाभ हो सकता है, लक्षित बाजार को उस विशेष ब्रांड को खरीदने या उपभोग करने के लिए राजी करना।आजकल, कई कंपनियां ग्राहकों को आकर्षित करने के लिए विज्ञापन का उपयोग कर रही हैं और यह उत्पाद या सेवाओं के जीवन चरणों के दौरान एक महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका निभाती है।  किसी कंपनी के लिए अपने नए उत्पाद या सेवाओं को बढ़ावा देना बहुत मुश्किल है यदि वे बिना उचित प्रचार के प्रचार करते हैं।  उदाहरण के लिए, परिचय चरण के दौरान, कंपनी को यह सुनिश्चित करने की आवश्यकता होती है कि विज्ञापन आकर्षक है और ग्राहकों को नए विचार देने में सक्षम है और साथ ही दूसरे चरण में जाने में सक्षम है, जो कि विकास चरण है।  उत्पादों या सेवाओं की वृद्धि अत्यधिक विज्ञापन पर निर्भर करती है।  अंतिम चरण पतन चरण है।  उत्पादों या सेवाओं पर ग्राहकों की रुचि बनाए रखने के लिए इसे और अधिक प्रचार या विज्ञापन करने की भी आवश्यकता है।  यदि कंपनी ऐसा करने में विफल रहती है, तो उत्पादों की बिक्री कम हो जाएगी और कंपनी को नुकसान होगा।  इससे हम यह निष्कर्ष निकाल सकते हैं कि विज्ञापन कितना महत्वपूर्ण है और यह अन्य मार्केटिंग टूल में सबसे प्रभावशाली उपकरण है।
विज्ञापन मानवीय भावनाओं और घमंड के माध्यम से काम करते हैं और यह मनोवैज्ञानिक रूप से कमजोर दिमाग वाले लोगों के लिए एक प्रलोभन में बदलने की अपील करता है।  उदाहरण के लिए, यदि कोई व्यक्ति घर पर टीवी देख रहा है, बहुत सहज और अचानक, किसी भी तरह के खाने-पीने का प्रचार करने वाला एक विज्ञापन आता है, तो वह व्यक्ति कुछ ही मिनटों में भूखा-प्यासा हो जाएगा।  विज्ञापन ने उनके दिमाग को प्रभावित किया, जो कि विज्ञापन ने उन्हें करने के लिए प्रेरित करने के लिए एक अनैच्छिक प्रतिक्रिया को उकसाया।
कंपनियां विज्ञापन के विभिन्न माध्यमों को चुन सकती हैं, जैसे समाचार पत्र, पत्रिका, ऑनलाइन आदि में विज्ञापन के माध्यम से।  यह सब उस लागत पर निर्भर करता है जो कंपनी भुगतान करने में सक्षम और इच्छुक है।  आधुनिक विज्ञापन रणनीतियों में, यौन, सदमा, भावनात्मक, भय और हास्य जैसी विभिन्न अपीलें शामिल हैं।  ये अपील बड़े दर्शकों के बीच उच्च ब्रांड जागरूकता और ब्रांड पहचान को बढ़ाती है।  हालांकि, इनमें से किसी भी अपील का उपयोग करते समय हमेशा एक व्यक्ति शामिल होता है या तो कोई अज्ञात या ज्यादातर मामलों में एक प्रसिद्ध व्यक्ति होता है।  (मैकक्रैकन, 1989) के अनुसार, एक प्रसिद्ध व्यक्ति का उपभोक्ता के खरीद व्यवहार पर अधिक प्रभाव पड़ता है।
सेलिब्रिटी विज्ञापन में शामिल

 मशहूर हस्तियों को एंडोर्सर्स के रूप में इस्तेमाल करने का कारण उनके विशाल संभावित प्रभाव के कारण है।  अन्य एंडोर्सर प्रकारों की तुलना में, प्रसिद्ध लोग उच्च स्तर का ध्यान और स्मरण प्राप्त करते हैं।  वे एक कंपनी के विज्ञापन के बारे में जागरूकता बढ़ाते हैं, ब्रांडों के प्रति सकारात्मक भावनाएं पैदा करते हैं और उपभोक्ताओं द्वारा उन्हें अधिक मनोरंजक माना जाता है।  इसके अलावा, विज्ञापन में एक सेलिब्रिटी का उपयोग करने से उपभोक्ताओं के ब्रांड दृष्टिकोण और खरीद के इरादे पर सकारात्मक प्रभाव पड़ने की अधिक संभावना है। सेलिब्रिटी एंडोर्सर आधुनिक मार्केटिंग की एक सर्वव्यापी विशेषता है।  वास्तव में, मशहूर हस्तियों द्वारा समर्थन का उपयोग करना कोई नई घटना नहीं है (मेहुलकुमार, 2005)।  वर्तमान उद्देश्य के लिए, सेलिब्रिटी एंडोर्सर को किसी ऐसे व्यक्ति के रूप में परिभाषित किया गया है जिसे सार्वजनिक मान्यता प्राप्त है और जो किसी विज्ञापन में इसके साथ प्रदर्शित होकर उपभोक्ता की ओर से इस मान्यता का उपयोग करता है।
इसके अलावा, मशहूर हस्तियों के पास अपनी छवि को विज्ञापित किए जाने वाले विशिष्ट उत्पाद में स्थानांतरित करने की क्षमता होती है।  कई कंपनियों ने मार्केटिंग कम्युनिकेशन टूल के रूप में सेलिब्रिटी एंडोर्समेंट के महत्व को महसूस किया है।  इन विज्ञापन उपकरणों का उपयोग करके, एक कंपनी बड़े दर्शकों के साथ-साथ अल्पावधि में बढ़ी हुई बाजार हिस्सेदारी के बीच उच्च जागरूकता उत्पन्न करती है।  इसके अलावा, सेलिब्रिटी विज्ञापन उन कंपनियों के लिए वित्तीय रिटर्न में भौतिक रूप से सुधार कर सकते हैं जो उन्हें अपने विज्ञापन अभियानों में नियोजित करते हैं
सेलिब्रिटी एंडोर्सर्स का महत्व, हालांकि, इस तथ्य में निहित नहीं है कि उनका उपयोग उन फर्मों द्वारा किया जाता है जो राजस्व बढ़ाना चाहते हैं, लेकिन ये हस्तियां किसी कंपनी, ब्रांड या उत्पाद के मूल्य को कैसे जोड़ती हैं।  हस्तियाँ अर्थ हस्तांतरण की प्रक्रिया के माध्यम से मूल्य जोड़ती हैं।  अर्थ ट्रांसफर मॉडल से पता चलता है कि मशहूर हस्तियां समाज में जिस प्रकार की भूमिकाएं निभाती हैं और साथ ही उन्हें मीडिया में कैसे चित्रित किया जाता है, के माध्यम से एक व्यक्तित्व का विकास होता है।  सामूहिक रूप से, सांस्कृतिक रूप से गठित समाज तब मशहूर हस्तियों को अर्थ प्रदान करता है ।  जब सेलिब्रिटी किसी उत्पाद का समर्थन करते हैं, तो किसी विशेष सेलिब्रिटी के आसपास विकसित अर्थ – या कम से कम विज्ञापनदाताओं द्वारा इसकी उम्मीद की जाती है – किसी कंपनी, ब्रांड या उत्पाद को स्थानांतरित करना।  इस प्रकार, जब कोई उपभोक्ता किसी सेलिब्रिटी के साथ पहचान करता है पहचान तब होती है जब कोई व्यक्ति किसी अन्य व्यक्ति से प्रभाव स्वीकार करने के लिए तैयार होता है , वह अपने स्वयं के जीवन के लिए इन हस्तांतरित अर्थों में से कुछ का दावा करने की उम्मीद में उत्पाद खरीदता है। 
यह सच है कि विज्ञापन एक शक्तिशाली तंत्र रहा है जो हमारे पूरे समाज के मूल्यों और प्राथमिकताओं को विकृत करता है।  दूसरी ओर, विज्ञापन लोगों को कई मुद्दों के बारे में शिक्षित करता है।  राजनीतिक दृष्टि से, यह लोगों को एक उम्मीदवार के लिए वोट करने के लिए राजी करता है