Discrimination is the state when all individuals are not treated equally and not given equal rights. Every individual in the community yearns for equal status, opportunities, and equal rights. People generally say these days that everyone is treated equally but they are not. Discrimination usually exists because of cultural differences, geographical differences, and gender. Inequality on the basis of gender is something that is not appreciated, but it is seen many times in many companies. There are many areas where equal opportunities are not provided to women.
We are in the 21st century, and even now, women are not treated equally as men. It is generally believed that women are more talented than men, and it has been proved many times, but society is not yet ready to accept this fact. Gender equality is the term used when equal opportunities in the fields of politics, economics, education, and health are provided to both men and women.
As per the World Economic Forum’s gender gap ranking, India holds the rank 108 out of 149 countries. The rank should be a major concern in the country as it signifies the immense gap between the opportunities given to women when compared to men. The structure in India is such that women are neglected in many fields like education, health, finance, etc. They are just limited to household chores which should not be the scene here. There are many places in India where women are considered as a burden and they are not allowed to go to school and study as well. Also, a preference for sons prevails in many areas in India.
The seven important forms of gender inequality :
1 . Women works Longer than Men :
In most of the societies the male – stream is the main stream who argues that women have comparative advantage in household non- market production, like cooking and cleaning for the family that cant be called emotional and personal caring work. Based on this thinking, household jobs are then asymmetrically distributed. Women are more valued in home. Men are specialised in market- baesd production. Thus, being the bread- earners, males enjoy both power and status.
2. Inequality in Employment and Earnings :
Historically, men have greater participation in work outside home than women. But women ( particularly of poor households) share unequally household duties in addition to economic production. Thus they work longer than males. This kind of ‘ division of labour’ may be seen as the ‘ accumulation of labour’ on women, as described by Amartya sen. Household activites are often viewed as ‘ sedentary activites’ which require less ‘ calore’ to gain energy.
3. Ownership Inequality :
A case of social inequality. Let us turn to another kind of inequality, called ownership inequality a classic case of social inequality. In most of the societies, ownership over property and means of production rests mainly on male members . The law of inheritance provides such ownership rights on male child. Such denial coming out of hierarchical dualism within the family not only reduces the voice of women but also prevents them from participating in commerial, economic and social activites.
This kind of social deprivation means absence or lack of capability or because of ‘capability deprivation’, women are subject to various kinds of exploitation and unfreedoms. Social inequality distorts the process of development. Unfortunately, ownership inequality in any country is not of recent origin. In her earlier life, a woman comes under the influence of her father, then husband as she enters a married life and finally, under sons ownership right over property is skilfully avoided. A telugu proverbs corraborates this understanding: ” Bringing up a daughter is like watering a plant in anothers courtyard.”
4. Survival Inequality :
Another crudest from of gender disparity is the unusally high mortality rates of women , though biologically, women live longer than men! Thus more boys than girls are born evrywhere leading to a ‘ deficit’ of women and a ‘ surplus’ of men. In developed countries beacuse of absence of gender bias in health care and nutrition, women outnumber men. In Europe and in north America, 105 or more girls are born per 100 boys. Such high female- male genderd survival rate in different age groups.
5. Gender Bias in the Distribution of Education and Health :
Health and education are the major forms of human capital are realted to economic development . Human capital gets accumulated as a society advances in education . The contribution of human capital towards Japan’s remarkable economic progress attracts our attention . Improvement in health capital also improves the return to investments in education .
However, one finds a huge education and health gaps between developed and developing countries. In recent times, despite a large increase in econoc advancement on times, despite a large increase in economic advancement in asia and africa, these countries lag far behind the developed countries in terms of educational attainment particularly in respect of women’s education. Gender disparity not only hindrrs economic progress but also exacerbates social inequality.
6. Gender Inequality in Freedom Expression :
Let us talk about gender inequality beyond economic issues or factors. Women are not only subject to income or asset inequality but also in terms of freedom and power deprivation of women goes beyond one’s imagination. They lack not only economic freedom at home because of absence of autonomy in house hold decisions, limited or poor wages earned but also lack any freedom in airing opinions over education of children.
In some backward poor societies the right of women giving options is completely denied. Such un – freedoms, however, are not uncommon even among the educated elites who enjoy enormous power and authority in the male domined society. Historically , this sort of law socioeconomic status of women has been continuing nowasdays.
7. Gender Inequality in Respect of viloence and victimisation :
Finally, anti – female bias starts before the girl child is born and this attitide of the society a female member carries throughout her life. It is because of the unequal sharing of income, property, household benefits . Women are subject to both physical and sexual violence – the oppsite of freedom, and an extreme form of coercion. This is common for both poor and not too much uncommon in rich countries as well as among rich people. One in three women in the word is beaten or raped during her life times.
Dowry harassement is considered as an ‘ instrumental use’ of violence. Dowry death is the most serious form of domestic violenece. Wife beating is not uncommon. Sexual violence is an obnoxious form of human rights violation.
Specifically, public health can contribute to reducing health inequities by integrating health equity considerations into policy and programs, collebrating with other sectors to address inequities engaging with communities to support their efforts to adress inequities, identifying the reduction of health inequities.
Reducing inequality requires transformative change. Greater efforts are needed to eradicate ectreme poverty and hunger and invest more in health, education, social protection and decent jobs especially for young people, migrants and other vulnerable communities.
We should understand that women are the part and parcel of any family. When it comes to flexibility, they can manage their home and offices at the same time. If equal opportunities are not given to them, they will be led down and won’t be able to achieve big milestones which they are obviously capable of.
Good communication is very important to convey what is there in the mind. Whatever language, communicating in a understandable way is very important. communication today is very important both in the business world and in private life.
Even though the person is good at skills and is capable of doing things better, lack of communication degrades the skills and brings a negative mark on the person which is a bad thing for the individual.
Top 5 communication skills and How to improve them
Developing strong communication skills is essential when it comes to building a successful careee. Communication skills play a key role in your private life too. These 5 skills are absolutely necessary for sucessful commuincation in the workplace or private life.
1. Listening :
Listening is one of the most important aspects of communication. Successful listening is not just and understanding of spoken or written information, but also an understanding of how the speaker feels during communication. If a speaker can see and feel that someone is listening and understanding that can help build a stronger, deeper realtionship between interlocutors.
Careful listening can also create an environment in which everyone feels safe to express ideas, opinions and feelings, or plan and solve problems in a creative way.
2. Straight talking :
Conversation is the basis of communication, and one must not neglect its importanc. Even a simple, friendly conversation with colleafues can build mutual trust and even detect problems before they become serious. A healthy does of chatting with and unknown person can lead to a business opportunity . Be accessible and friendly because then you will be able to talk to almost anymore.
3. Non- verbal communication :
When we talk about things that matter to us then we send a lot of nonverbal messages. Non verbal signals are wordless communication, body position, facial experssion, hand movements, gestures, eye contact, attitude and tone of your voice, muscle tension and the way you breathe. The way you look, listen create, react, gesture , speaks far more about feelings than words will ever be able to.
4. Stress Management :
In small quantities, stress can be very useful and encouraging for work . However, when the stress becomes constant and completely begins to take effect, it can affect communication, clarity of opinion and appropriate behavior and action. When you are under stress you may misunderstand other people, send confusing nonverbal signals, and use funny patterns of behavior.
5. Emotion control :
In communication, feelings play an important role. Making decisions more often affects the way you feel than the way you think. Gudided by emotions, your nonverbal behavior affects the understanding of other people and how others understand and perceive you. Control of emotions provides you with tools to understand others, yourself and the messages you send. Though recognizing feelings makes it simple, many people have strong feeling like anger, sorrow, or fear being pushed under the carpet.
Importance of communication :
Communication thus helps understand people better removing misunderstanding and creating clarity of thoughts and expression. The communication brings people together, closer to each other. The communication is an important management function closely associated with all other managerial functions.
Everybody has their own way of communicating. It is influenced by cultural background, the way someone was raised, their gender, their temperament, and much more. At that point true communication may become utterly impossible. Sometimes we may have a difficult time understanding anothers feelings , needs and habits.
* communication serves four major functions with a group of organization :
* control
* Motivational
* Emotional expression
* Information
* communication serves five major purposes :
* to inform
* to express feelings
* to imagine
* to influence and
* to meet social expectations
For example:
For instance, if an individual is going to an interview with great confidence. An individual who is good at different kinds of skills, and also good at executing them and he is lack of communication skills. As the person is not a good communicator, the person faces difficulty in explaining the things to the other person which is known to him. Instantly, this brings a bad impression on the person and a negative mark will be marked on him. The negative mark has a lot to do with. The negative mark can also lead to the rejection of the person in the interview.
Being knowledgeable is very important to achieve certain goals in life, attaining good communication skills and being a good communicator is also equally important to achieve high in the life. Being a good communicator is not A big deal. It is so easy as the lifestyle. Any individual can be good communicator if he communicates all the time with other people in the possible way.
Education is very important in every individual’s life as it is very important for the living. The person who is educated will be well treated by the society and will you have good potential wherever he or she goes. Education as the extra energy to the individual’s life and a moles the individuals character into a good one. It is very important to be educated as the competition in the world is comparatively very high.
Online classes are the greatest and the biggest task to all the students. It is so difficult for all the students to understand the topics in a detailed manner. Even though the students try their level best to understand the topics during the online class, it is only the 50% of learning but the topics are not understood properly but the students and face lots of difficulties.
It is also equal difficult to conduct exams to all mine because it’s exams are connected through online then there is a chance formal practices. Basically, students commit malpractices during exams in a view to get good marks but not about the knowledge. So,many of the students commit malpractices.
Ways to improve the education system
* skill – based learning :
As of now , the education system is such that everyone is forced to study science and math. If this system can be revamped to identify the strengths of a student, then they can be given appropriate training in the chosen field. This will ensure that the child shines in that particular field.
* Rural Education :
As the sad thing about the Indian education system is the fact that its focus is only on urban clusters. There are hardly any decent centres of learning in the rural areas. This is especially true in terms of higher education. If a country has to actually develop, urban and rural development have to go hand in hand.
* Gender Neutral Education :
The education system has always favoured men over the fairer sex. The major change that must be brought about is to involve women in the same. Particularly subjects that are now considered to be the strength of men alone ( like carpentry, engineering, etc). Should be made more accessible to women. Pioneer women in these fileds should be given due encouragement and appreciation.
* Teacher Training :
India has a very good quality of dedicated teachers. However, the sad fact here is the fact that after they join this service, they receive little or no training. In such a situation, giving them periodic training will not just ensure that they are updated with the changing times, but will also improve the entire education scene of the country by leaps and bounds.
* Infrastructure :
As in every other sector, the indian education sector is one that suffers from the acute death of infrastructure. Most of the government schools do not even have proper chairs, tables, restrooms, let alone a playground, libraries and laboratories. Thus ,the first step in revamping the education scene in the country should begin with improving the infrastructure so that the students are given an evironment where they can learn to the best of their abilities.
* subsidising professional courses :
It is a sad reality that many meritorious students are not able to afford professional corses because of the sheer expense involved in the same. This is all the way truer in case of students from the general category who do not have access to many scholarships. In such a situation subsidising the cost professional education will ensure that the same is within the reach of deserving students from the lower and lower middle class strata of the Indian society.
* Basic computing In Rural Areas :
On one hand , India is a land of IT giants; on the other, rural India is completely digitally ill- equipped, in a sitiation like this, the first change that the education system must bring forward is to start free computing classes for skill development in rural areas. Only then will rural Indian move in the same pace as that of the urban Digital India and the country embark on the journey of development.
* Make sports compulsory :
One of the main reasons for the alarming rise in suicide amongst students in the country is the fact that they cannot handle stress. That in turn is because they are subjected to too much mental pressure. By making sports compusory it can be ensured that all the students indulge in some sort of some physical activity. This will lead to their mind performance better and enable them to grasp their theory lessons well.
* Educate parents :
Most of the times it is seen that the children’s woes centre atound that of their parents. In the Indian scenerio, parents are the ones who force their wards into a career they do not like. As a result students do not excel and upon failing to meet their parents expectations, they suffer from a number of mental health issues. To prevent such a thing from happening, the first step that must be taken is to educate the parents about the different carrer options that are available to the students and the possible scope of future in them.
* Remove The Reservation system :
The reservation system in India has been so obsessed with providing the best of opportunities to the reserved that it misses out on many opportunities for the ones who actually deserve the same. This results in not just personal loss for certain people but also brain drain for the entire country and fosters a massive loss to the nation’s economy.
Today’s education system may be good to score marks, but fails to retain the knowledge once students have completed their examinations. This leads to young minds being stifled at an age when they should be asking questions, learning and gaining knowledge, and developing a thirst for more knowledge.
Doping is not new to the people . In ancient Greece, there were specialists who used to offer athletes nutritional ingredients in order to enhance their physical performance. Those specialists may be compared to the current sports medicine specialists . During the Olympic Games in the third century BC, the athletes tried to increase their sports performance by taking mushrooms and opium . In the Ist centaury AD, the Greek runners used to drink a herbal beverage to increase their strength and become capable to run long distance races. Gladiators are also reported to use various substances for enhancing strength . In the modern era , the use of performance enhancing substances and techniques by the top sportspersons across the world has been a presistent issue in the world of sports for nearly four decades. Since the beginning of the 21st century, many athletes have been engaged in taking such substances. Some of them have been tested positive such as Tim Montgomery, Marion Jones, swimmer Phelps, etc.
Concept of Doping
‘Doping’ is the word, which is used in the field of sports, to refer to the situation when athletes use prohibited substances or methods to unfairly improve their sporting performance. In general terms, doping is the use of performance enhancing substances or methods by athletes to gain an advantage over their competitors . In fact , some athletes take illegal substances to enhance their performance . This activity is known as ‘doping’ . Doping in sports is the deliberate or inadvertent use by an athlete of a substance or method banned by the International Olympic Committee. In fact, the ban or prohibition on such substances is necessary to protect the athletes from the unfair advantage which may be gained by those athletes who use prohibited substances or methods to enhance their performance and also from the possible harmful side effects which these substances or methods can produce. The following definitions of doping may help in understanding its exact meaning:
According to International Olympic Committee, ‘‘Doping is the use of any method or substance that might harm the athlete, in a quest to gain an unfair advantage, over his/her fellow competitors”. In fact, doping is the use of prohibited substances or methods designed to enhance an athlete’s physical or mental abilities or to mask the use of such substances or methods during preparation for or participation in a sports competition .
According to World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) ,” Doping is defined as the occurrence of one or more of the anti-doping rule violations set forth in Article 2.1 through Article 2.8 of the code.”
Vitamins and minerals are very important for everyone to be fitter and healthier. It is very important to consume the food which is rich in vitamins and minerals. And there are many side effects of not consuming vitamins and minerals like vitamin deficiency. Vitamins and minerals are good source of energy.
Nutrients are very important to consume and have good cause. An individual must prefer nutritious food than the junk food. It is very important to eat the fruits and vegetables rather than eating the high calorie food.
Many of the people does not include those fruits and vegetables in their diet. When they do not include the fruits and vegetables it leads to the malnutrition sometimes.
Types of vitamins :
There are 13 essential vitamins. They are vitamins A,C,D,E,K, and the B vitamins (thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, pantothenic acid , biotin,B6, B12, and folate). Vitamins have different jobs to help keep the body working properly. Some vitamins help you resist infections and keep your nerves healthy, while others may help your body get energy from food or help your blood clot properly.
Food sources :
* vitaminD from fatty fish, fish liver oils, fortified milk products, and fortified cereals.
* vitamin B12 from meat, fish, poultry milk, and fortified breakfast cereals. Some people over age 50 have trouble absorbing the vitamin B12 found naturally in foods. They may need to take vitamin B12 supplements and eat foods fortified with this vitamin.
* calcium is a mineral that is important for strong bones and teeth, so there are special recommendations for older people who are at risk for bone lkss. You can get calicium from milk and other dairy, some forms of tofu, dark green leafy vegetables, soyabeans, canned sardines and salmon with bones, and calcium – fortified foods.
* Magnesium is found in foods containing dietary fiber, such as green leafy vegetables, whole grains, legumes, and nuts and seeds. Breakfast cereals and other fortified foods often have added magnesium. It is also present in tap, mineral, or bottled drinking water.
* pottasium is found in fruits, vegetables, meat, and dairy foods. Foods high in potassium include dried apricots, lentils and potatoes. Adults get a lot of their potassium from milk, coffee , tea and other nonalcoholic beverages.
* preparing your own meals at home without using a lot of processed foods or salts will allow you to control how much sodium you get.
* vitamin B6 is found in a wide variety of foods . The richest sources of vitamin B6 include fish, beef liver, potatoes and other starchy vegetables, and fruit ( other than citrus).
* vitamin A can be found in products such as eggs and milk. It can also be found in vegetables and fruits, like carrots and mangoes.
* vitamin C is found in some of the best fruits and vegetables. Citrus fruits, tomatoes, and potatoes can be large source of vitaminC
* vitamin E can be found in nuts like peanuts and almonds and can be found in vegetable oils, too. It can also be found in green vegetables, like broccoli and spinach.
* vitamin B1 in meat- especially pork- and fish. It’s also in whole grains and some fortified breads, cereals, and pastas.
* vitamin B2 in eggs and organ meat, such as liver and kidneys, and lean meat. It is found in green vegetables, like asparagus and broccoil.
* vitamin B3 can be found in some types of nuts, legumes, and grains. It can also be found in poultry , beef, and fish.
* vitamin K can be found in many foods including green leafy vegetables, like spinach and kale and in some fruits, such as blueberries and figs . It can also be found in cheese, eggs and different meats.
* Folate can be found in vegetables and fruit, such as broccoli brussel sprouts, spinach, and oranges. It can also be found in nuts ,
Most of the teenagers consume junk food instead of eating the healthy food that is the fruits and vegetables. The junk food contain some preservatives in it and they’re also rich in fats and carbohydrates which are not so good. Doing a mistake is acceptable but doing the mistake even after knowing the truth is a bad one. So, all the teenagers must know the need of the situation and must bring the awareness among the people who are addicted to the junk food. They must motivate the people who are in it all the time.
Hockey is normally played on grass field or turf field or an indoor stadium. Hockey is predominantly a stick and ball game. Hockey is also the National Game of India.Field hockey, also called Hockey, outdoor game played by two opposing teams of 11 players each who use sticks curved at the striking end to hit a small, hard ball into their opponent’s goal.The objective of this game is to pass the ball with a bat to the goal of opposite players’ court. Other players will be trying to take the ball away and make their goal. The players in the team will be assigned positions for which the duties will be defined earlier. The task of each player in the team is to get the ball in the opponent’s goal point. All the players should be co-operative in scoring more goals.
HISTORY OF HOCKEY :
Hockey, as a sport of stick and ball, dates back to middle-age. Some of the carvings of this sport were found in Ireland and Greece in 1200 and 600 BC respectively. It is assumed that the sport existed some 4000 years ago. However, hockey took its actual form with government organization to recognize the sport. Hence, specific rules of the game were introduced in early 19th century. Countries like England, Germany, Argentina, Spain, India, Malaysia, and Pakistan have international teams and take part in all the annual events organized by International Hockey Federation (FIH) formed in 1924.
TEAM SIZE :
The Hockey is either played girls against girls or boys against boys. The team consists of 11 members and each player is assigned with a particular position and task. Like most games, team work is the basic element of winning and the entire team’s contribution is crucial for success.
The 11 players consist of Goalkeepers, Defenders and Strikers. Individual player has got their tasks to work on in the game. The hockey squad will be having a total of 16 players as the game allows rolling substitutions under necessary conditions. The rest 5 players will be a backup most of the time
COUNTRIES PARTICIPATION :
As Hockey was literally originated in England, Scotland and Netherlands, it was encouraged by various other countries as they participated in the game. The International Hockey Federation governs the sport all over the globe. Men and women represent in competitions including Olympics Games, Champions Trophy, World League and Junior World Cup with many countries which run masters’, senior and junior club competitions. This body is responsible for rules development for the game.
Most countries take part in this game. There are more than 50 countries that participate in hockey. But to consider the countries that are termed as the Big Eight include Canada, Sweden, USA, Russia, Finland, Czech Republic, Slovakia and Switzerland. As Canada invented the game, they are the best in it. More than 60% of National Hockey League players are from Canada. It’s a right that if you are born in Canada, you are born for Hockey.
The top twenty hockey playing countries are Canada, Sweden, United States of America, Russia, Finland, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Switzerland, Germany, Latvia, India, China, North Korea, United Kingdom, Belarus, Denmark, Mongolia, Japan, South Korea and Indonesia. India was ranked as the eleventh country in Hockey playing.
HOCKEY GROUND DESIGN :
Hockey is a speed demanding game. It demands speed from its players and also from its playing surface. No other sport beats the surface like hockey does and hence, the surface should be incredibly durable handling the wear and tear of hockey sport. The surface has to be maintained to enable a top-level game to the players. The base design is to be maintained in any of the two designs namely Diagonal fall Design and Crown Design.
The diagonal fall design directs all the surface water to a collection pit at the corner. Whereas, the crown design flows the surface water to all the four corners allowing them to collect there like the crown in the center. It allows the water to collect at a corner or all the four corners for cleaning and slightly tilting the ground. This is the base design of the ground and is followed in all the ground designs.
After the base is finished, In-situ shock pad is to be installed over the base. It consists of black SBR granules and polyurethane binder. This is mixed on site and laid to specified depth. This gives a firm hold of the ground and the strength. The hardness below the ground makes it sustainable from the beatings of the hockey bat during the play. As per the requirement of the FIH (Federation International Hockey) the ground is made to shock absorbent.
Earlier, the game was played on a natural turf or grass field. But now-a-days it is played on artificial turfs. In the 1970’s, the transition into artificial turfs came into existence and its being made mandatory since 1976. All the markings, lines, and goals are specified by the International Hockey Federation in the Rules of Hockey. The foul game is played in a 23 meter area.Standard pitch measurements are given as 100 yards by 60 yards. The total area of the field is 5027 square meters. The hockey pitch is shaped in rectangular manner. The long perimeter side is named as side lines and the short perimeter edges are named as back lines. The portion between goal posts is known as goal Lines. All lines are colored white with 75mm wide. At all the corners of the pitch, a flag of max 300 mm square is attached to a post of height 1.20 to 1.50 meters.
HOCKEY EQUIPMENT :
Hockey stick and ball are the most important equipment without which the sport cannot be played. There are many other equipment like shin guard, helmet, glove, shoes, etc., that a hockey player uses during the match.
The following are the equipment used in the hockey game by the goalie and the players.Hockey Stick − It is a wooden stick with length varying from 26’’ to 38.5’’ depending on height of the player. The bat has a hooked shape at the head. There are mostly four types of variations namely shorti, midi, maxiand the J Hook depending on the efficiency of the player holding the ball.
The shorti type is used by players, who take an extreme control over the ball to increase the manoeuvrability. Generally, the players at the mid field position use this type of bat in the game.
The midi type is used by the players who hit the ball more often and need to be strong on the reverse side. Strikers use midi predominantly.
The maxi type is used by the players who act as defenders or attackers. This bat is similar to the midi type but the surface area is being increased. For stopping the ball, its strength allows it to be much more efficient in doing that.
The J Hook type has a much larger surface area. However, it doesn’t possess the efficiency of the midi type in striking the ball. But, for stopping the ball it has an increased thickness. This head type is preferred by the defenders.
GAME PLAYERS AND THEIR ROLES :
Hockey has started its course from the English Public Schools to Olympics level. Each hockey team must have 11 members who should always be ready on the field to start the match. Total number of members in a team are 16 of which five are substitute. The guidelines on how to play the game is given by the International Federation of Hockey.
Substitution of players can be done any number of times. At any point of time, the team can give rest to a player and call a substitute on his behalf. The 11 players consist of one goal keeper, and the rest shall be in the field. The attributes for each player is as follows −
GOAL KEEPER:
Arguably, the goalkeeper is the most important player in the whole team. The responsibility of the goalkeeper is to defend the goal post and prevent the other team from hitting a goal.
The key responsibilities of the Goal Keeper are listed as follows −
Should be fast and also agile.
Should be proficient at both right and left foot.
Should be able to judge the shooting angle and close them down.
Should be a good communicator and be able to organize the defense.
Should be able to go down in a correct manner at defensive moments and at required moment should remain in standing position
The position of the goalkeeper needs to meet the following requirements.
Should be able to save the straight shots towards the goal.
Should be able to minimize the attacking team’s score by organizing the defensive attacks.
Should establish good communication with other defenders.
DEFENDERS:
The defenders are positioned at four locations. They are right half, left half, right back and left back. The chief role of the defenders is to defend the back four. They should work as a team and try to minimize the score of their opponent.
The main attributes of a defender are as follows −
Should be able to turn sideways and get back swiftly.
Should be having strong basic skills. Effective in trapping the opponent, passing the ball and tackling the situation.
Should be able to prevent opponent attack and put the ball away from the danger zone.
Should understand both man-to-man as well as zonal defense and decide the correct approach to use.
Should be able to have a good vision of other players and gather knowledge of best passing opportunities
MIDFIELD :
The three distributions in the midfield positions are inside right, inside left and center half. The midfield is the team’s engine room. It links the attackers and the defenders. It should avoid opponents to have clean breaks through the middle of the field. Midfielders should be major game distributors and have a great awareness of the game.
Attributes of a midfielder are as follows −
Should possess a great acceleration with fitness, fast and agile.
Should possess strong all-round basic knowledge of hockey.
Should have a good knowledge in passing, ball carrying, receiving and shooting.
Should have a great awareness and vision of the game.
Should be able to switch play or change the point of attack.
Should be able to understand the defenses and choose the right one at right time.
Should be able to understand the lines and angles of attack and defense in the play at midfield.
STRIKERS :
The first role of a striker is to generate opportunities of scoring. These must be done by working as a team, creating width and depth on the attack, create a link with midfield and taking the best of all the possible opportunities.
Specific attributes of a good striker are as follows −
Should be able to get a clear view on the lines and angles of attack and defense.
Should be able to deploy pressure on the opponent defenders.
Should be able to move fast and should be agile with high acceleration and pace change.
Should have a good vision on the game and awareness of moves.
Should have a constant movement where the key actions are creating space, attacking opportunities and leading the team.
Should be able to execute and identify the best opportunity for shooting.
DURATION OF MATCH :
A regular hockey match takes place for 70 minutes consisting two halves each of 35 minutes. Also, sometimes matches end in draw. But the official matches should have a winner unlike other matches. If in any case, the game is a tie then extra time is given. If there is tie again then penalty flick competition decides the winner of the match.
A player passes the ball among them to progress it towards the goal using a triangle method of passing system. This prevents the opponent to intercept the ball.
The hockey players take their respective positions on the field. One of the teams starts the game with a centre pass and continues to attack opponent to score a goal. The player taking centre pass can only stand in the other half of field while his team members should stand within their half of defending goal. The player taking centre pass is permitted to hit the ball in any direction.
The team members keep passing the ball and look for opportunities to score the goal while the opponents tackle them and try to take control of the ball.
If the game is paused any moment for injury or substitution, it resumes by the player passing the ball from nearest spot of stoppage of play. This is called bully.
A player from each team stands close to the ball with defending goals on their right to take a bully. Both players tap faces of their sticks and one of the players is allowed to hit the ball.
A free-hit situation arises when a player hits the ball outside the sideline or baseline. Free-hit is taken by a defender by placing the ball 15 meters in line to the centre of goal.
SCORING :
It is very interesting thing to learn how to score in hockey. Specific ways to win a score are penalty corner, field goal, and penalty stroke.
Taking a Penalty Corner:
Only four players are allowed along with a goal keeper. They must be behind the baseline inside or outside the goal. The other defending players must be behind the half way line or on the line. Any number of players from the attacking team can be there to attack but most probably seven will be the attacking players. One player will be injecting the ball from baseline.The presence of a stopper at the top of D depends on the set-up of the team. When the injection of the ball takes place before it re-enters D and shot at goal, it must go out of D first. For the first strike to be counted, it must be below the back board, if it is a drag or a deflection, it can end anywhere inside the goal and it can also be counted.
Taking a Penalty Stroke:
When there is an infringement inside of D, the penalty stroke is given if there was a definite goal scoring chance. It is a free shot that was taken by one attacker against one goal keeper only and from a distance of 6.4 meters straight in front of the goal. The duration of the match is stopped when there is a penalty stroke taken.
FOULS :
The on-field players are not allowed to control or stop the ball with feet or any other body part. A free-hit is awarded to a team if ball hits the opponent player’s body. The hockey ball is often scooped by players to pass it to their team members directly. However, the same shot is given as foul by the referee if it is played dangerously.
Apart from these, there are tackling fouls where players are found to be little rough with opponent players to take control of ball. The game is observed very closely by referee to declare fouls and make important decisions. The referees in the game display cards in three colors, each of which indicates the level of foul or offence committed by a player.
Green card − The player may not leave the pitch (international standards say that the player may leave the pitch for two minutes), but further infractions indulge in a red or yellow card.
Yellow card − It is a suspension where the time is decided by the card issuing umpire. Mostly, five minutes will be the chosen time by any umpire. But, if the offense is serious the time may exceed or the player is replaced.
Red card − It is a permanent exclusion from the game. Here the player is banned for some time or for a few matches. The player should leave the pitch in this case.
HOCKEY AND ITS TYPES :
Field Hockey:
This game is played on ground with grass or artificial synthetic ground. It is predominantly for women in some countries like Europe. But due to the absence of hand gloves, injuries at fingers sometimes hamper the players to continue in the game. But advancement in the game and its rules resulted in security precautions of total body while playing.
Ice Hockey:
The same principle of pushing the ball into the goal post but instead of ground, the game takes place on ice. The players use skates to skate over ice and earn points. Their bats also differ in shape and size. The ball is actually not spherical in shape but a disc like solid that is used to roll over ice. It is fun watching this game and even more to take part.
Sledge Hockey :
For disabled people who want to enjoy the fun of playing ice hockey, this game was invented. It has a board on which the player will be resting and with the help of skates it will be rolling on ice and the rest is same as ice hockey. It is also played by normal people sitting on the boards.
Bandy:
Bandy is Russian version of hockey and also the national sport. It became so popular across Europe that a bandy federation was formed during mid-20th century. The major difference from other versions is that Bandy is played in a field that is almost equal to the size of football field. This sport also took birth from ice hockey. Gradually by end of 20th century, Bandy was played professionally in parts of Asia and North America.
HOCKEY CHAMPIONS :
Santi Freixa (Spain)
Santi is another great player from Europe. He has represented Spain in 2008 Olympic Games and won silver medal for the country. He has also won the FIH award for best young player.He is the captain of Spain’s hockey national team. He is also known for his off-the-field social activity campaign Stick for India that supports children of Anantapur with education and hockey skills.
Dhyan Chand (India)
Dhyan Singh alias Dhyan Chand was believed to be the best hockey player ever. His ability to control the ball and break the defense of opposition with ease was the prime attraction. The way he carried himself both on and off the field brought him respect all over the world.He led Indian hockey team to three consecutive gold medals in Olympic Games. Many people around the globe followed and admired Chand’s stick play; some fondly called him magician of hockey.
Leslie Claudius (India)
Another Indian legend who was born to play hockey only, as few experts of the game described. Claudius was short in stature and had bundles of stamina. He never used to get tired.Leslie holds a Guinness World Record for being part of a Hockey team that won maximum number of Medals at the Olympic Games.He took part in four Olympic Games and won four medals; three gold medals in 1948, 1952, 1956, and a silver medal in 1960 under his captaincy
Ties Kruize (Netherlands)
This Dutch player was simply superb on the field. He scored 167 goals in just over 200 international matches. He met with an accident during his prime and doctors told that he can never play the sport again.Surprisingly, he recovered to full health and returned to the sport only to stun the world with victories in World Championship (1973), two Champions Trophies in 1981-82, and European Championship in 1983.
Jamie Dwyer (Australia)
Dwyer was one of the legends of hockey in modern era. He was very quick on the feet with great skill to manoeuvre ball with the stick. He was nick named as foetus for his ability to shift positions from being an attacker to defender in a flash.He played for Australia to achieve hockey gold medal in Olympics after a long gap of 48 years. He also won World Cup and Commonwealth Games gold for his national side. Dwyer won world player of the year award five times.
Luciana Aymar (Argentina)
Aymar is considered as the greatest ever female hockey player. She was the finest dribbler when compared to her counterparts. She played an important role for her national side to win World Cup titles in 2002 and 2010. She also won eight FIH world player of the year titles.At junior level also she played very well and helped her team to win many tournaments. She represented Argentina as a flag-bearer for 2012 Olympics and was the second hockey player to receive this honour.
Natascha Keller (Germany)
Natascha is one of the most popular female hockey players in the world with an Olympic gold medal to her kitty. She represented Germany in more than 400 matches.She won the gold medal in 2004 Olympic Games and was the flag bearer of Germany in 2012. Her family has an illustrious career in field hockey and that boosted her to play and represent the country at international level.
Copa América, known until 1975 as theSouth American Football Championship, is the main men’s football tournament contested among national teams from south america. It is the oldest still-running international football competition, as well as the third most watched in the world.The competition determines the champions of South America. Since the 1990s, teams from North America and Asia have also been invited to compete.
The 2021 Copa América was the 47th edition of the Copa america, the international men’s football championship organised by South America’s football ruling body CONMEBOL. The tournament took place in Brazil from 13 June to 10 July 2021. The tournament was originally scheduled to take place from 12 June to 12 July 2020 in Argentina and Colombia as the2020 Copa América. On 17 March 2020, CONMEBOL announced that due to the COVID-19 the tournament had been postponed for a year, in conjunction with UEFA’s decision to also postpon to 2021.
Hosts Brazil were the title holders, having won their ninth title in 2019, which they also hosted. Argentina won their fifteenth title after defeating Brazil 1–0 in the final, their first senior title since the 1993 of the same tournament. They also equalled Uruguay’s overall record of Copa América titles.
The trophy was Messi’s first with Argentina after a string of painful, agonizing, maddening failures, including perhaps the most demoralizing defeat of his career — against Germany in the World Cup final — inside the same stadium, Rio’s hulking Maracanã, in 2014.
When the whistle blew to end the final, Messi — his relief palpable — dropped to his knees and was immediately surrounded by his teammates. Moments later, they were lifting him above their shoulders and tossing him in the air.
Very few people who have played this game can match the genius of AB De Villiers. He is a modern master of this game and has innumerable records to his name. Usually known for his 360 degree shots which got him the name Mr.360, he can tear any bowling attack apart when he is in a flow. His presence alone is enough to strike fear in the hearts of opponents. Born on 17th of February 1984 in a small town in South Africa, he is known all over the world as an ambassador for unorthodox shots. There isn’t any shot that he cannot play.
International Career
Having represented his country, South Africa for 14 years, he has won many matches for them and chased victory from the jaws of defeat. A clean striker of the ball, he has played various sports while growing up but decided to take up cricket. Result, 20,000+ runs 40+ centuries and countless breathtaking feats which mere mortals cannot achieve. He along with Hashim Amla, Faf duplessis and Quinton Dekock form a world class batting order which is almost impenetrable.
However, the tour that shot him to fame was the Australia tour in 2012 where he played a match saving knock along with the debutant Faf Duplessis. In the very next match, he scored a match winning hundred and won the test series. He ended his career with 8000+ runs in test at an average of over 50 and including 22 hundreds. He has an ordinary record in tests but has an unbelievable record in ODIs. Scoring over 9000 runs at an average of 53 and a strike rate of 101 is not an ordinary feat.
He has 25 hundreds to his name, all of which have been scored over a strike rate of 100. He holds the record for the fastest 50,100 and 150 in ODIs, all of which have been scored against West Indies. He also has impressive records against all the teams he played. Though his T20I record is not impressive, he managed to score 1600+ runs at a strike rate of 130 with 11 50s. His wide range of shots and his consistency has got him a chance to play various T20 leagues across the globe.
IPLthrough years
Getting a chance to play in the inaugural edition of the IPL through Delhi Daredevils, he hasn’t played an impressive part in his first season. However with the tournament being shifted to South Africa in the next edition, he got a chance to play all the matches and has scored over 400 runs including a hundred on Chennai Super Kings. He was in and out of the team frequently in the third edition and eventually was released from the squad.
The Bangalore based franchise, RCB bought him as a lower order batsman and he continued to impress them by chipping valuable runs down the order. Later, his promotion up the order worked wonders for the team. He along with the King, Virat Kohli won many matches on their own. On field, he is a live wire. His acrobatic fielding, agility and the way he strikes the ball has earned him a nickname of “Superman”. Even after retirement from international cricket, he is continuing to enthrall the spectators wherever he plays.
The role of sports programs in promoting academic success, health and fitness, responsible social behaviors and self confidence among young people and how such programs could be expanded to reach those in great need. While sports can encourage good study habits as well as the expression of ethical behaviors such as fair play, integrity, sportsman spirit and compassion and the result can be counterproductive if these values are not modelled by parents and coaches. Polo has been referred to as “the sport of kings”. This sports requires more energy and enthusiasm , youth is the best age to begin participating in it. It is more than just a game; it is something to be enjoyed with all of one’s heart. Only when we enjoy what we are doing can we contribute our full potential to it.
Polo is not only for men, but women can also play it, and there is an equal increase in that. many people have a passion for this sport but they abandon their dreams because they do not receive enough support and encouragement from their family. polo is an expensive sport where one has to spend money to buy horses and the clothing’s etc. There are many sponsors who are ready to spend for the expenses, if the person financially not stable. There are numerous corporate entities eager to assist players. Most major cities have academies, including the Rajasthan Polo Club in Jaipur, the Greater Mahalaxmi Race Course in Mumbai, and the Jindal Academy in Noida. If there are people who can help them financially, there will be a large number of young people who want to play.
This game, like any other, has more risk factors. Only when the person is on top of the horse and maintains proper posture and balance will he be able to play smoothly. It necessitates greater concentration, as the player must maintain a keen focus on the ball, his opponents, and then ride the horse; all in all, it is extremely dangerous. When it comes to risk factors, young people find it more exciting because they enjoy adventure, and in this game, the player must be both mentally and physically active. A major issue for at-risk youth is that they have not had the kinds of experiences that success in life necessitates, such as personal discipline and the ability to persevere. Athletics can be an effective tool for teaching life lessons.
Polo helps to improve your balance, coordination, and motor function. When hitting a ball with a mallet on a moving horse, hand-eye coordination is put to the test to the fullest. According to research, polo has numerous cardiovascular and muscle conditioning benefits. Power to your muscles and a lower risk of injury come from your core, which is strengthened by polo. According to research, an hour of activity can burn the same amount of calories as a 30-minute jog or cycle. Increased ride speed and duration will increase the intensity of your workout and burn more calories.
It is critical to raise awareness among young people that participation in sports promotes their healthy development. It is critical that these awareness campaigns begin at home, where parents should teach their children the value of playing games and encourage them in any way they can. In schools, students have one period allotted to them outdoor where they can play whatever games they want. However, not a single school provides students with polo guidance, despite the fact that these students are more familiar with cricket and football. This could be because polo is played on the top of a horse, and as a result, schools may not be able to discuss it, proper guidance that is what needed. So, just like any other sport, polo should be well known among students, and let us hope for a world where there are children who are as enthusiastic about polo as they are about cricket and football.
The squad for India tour of Sri Lanka is announced a month ago and players flew to Sri Lanka, were in quarantine and now they are practicing for the games. The schedule that was first released was changed due to Covid-19 spread for some Sri Lanka players who came from England. Previously Sri Lanka toured England for T20Is and ODIs and completed the tour without any pandemic spread for the team and crew members. But after the completion of the tour, some players and coaches were reported that they have Covid-19. Then they were quarantined and now the situation is fine. Due to this, now the schedule is changed. Previously the first ODI match was planned to happen on July 17 (Saturday) but now it is rescheduled to July 18 (Sunday).
The tour was planned to have 3 ODIs and 3 T20Is. Indian management have sent a bulk team with more than 15 players for the tour. A pack of experienced players and youngsters were sent. Now they are playing practice matches and pumping themselves up for the game. They are also getting themselves adapted to the weather of Sri Lanka. It is too hot there. Players are using wet towels and ice to cool themselves after every session of practice. The squad is same for T20s and ODIs.
Players who impressed the selectors by their IPL performance and Syed Mushtak Ali trophy performance were selected. It is a pride for the nation to play two international series at the same time with 2 different teams. It is hard for any nation to do so.
As the head coach Ravi Shastri and other coaches are busy with the test team that was sent to England, new coaches were appointed for the Sri Lanka tour. Rahul Dravid was appointed as the head coach. He worked as the Director of National Cricket Academy previously. He also has an immense experience with the youngsters who are in the new team as they all played under his coaching during their Under-19 World cup stages. He also has a good relationship with them and also the captain Shikhar Dhawan. They both assured that they would provide a few options for the selection committee to choose for the upcoming World T20 cup in November.
The selection of openers will definitely be a tough task for the coach and the captain. Four impressive batsmen are there to open the innings. Dhawan being the captain will definitely play every game. For the next one spot in opening, 3 youngsters are competing. Prithvi Shaw, Ruturaj Gaikwad and Devdutt Padikal are those. Prithvi Shaw has a good experience in International cricket compared to other two. Padikkal and Gaikwad showed promise by their performance in last two IPL editions. Gaikwad also had played many India-A matches previously. Let’s wait and watch the series.
It finally ended with a lots of celebration, as the Lionel Messi’s long wait to earn a major trophy gets fulfilled after Argentina beats Brazil by 1-0 in Copa America finals.
Angel Di Maria earns the title of matchwinner at Maracana in Rio as finally Messi’s dream to won something with his country Argentina in what was his 10th major tournament. Messi overwhelmingly fell to the ground in joy at full-time, while some players like Neymar were in tears after he was unable to inspire Brazil to victory.
After helping Argentina end their 28-year wait since they last won the Copa America, Messi was named player of the tournament after his four goals in the competition. The 34-year-old had previously been a beaten finalist on four separate occasions with Argentina – three times in the Copa America and once in the World Cup.
Di Maria scored the winner midway through in the first half with a superb lob over Manchester City goalkeeper Ederson following a perfect pass from Rodrigo De Paul.
Brazil were poor throughout the match and struggled to test Emiliano Martinez at the other end.
Messi will now face questions about his immediate future, given he is currently a free agent after his contract at Barcelona expired two weeks ago.
There is also the prospect of Messi going for what would likely be his last chance of winning the World Cup in 2022, should he lead his country out in Qatar at the age of 35. Since Lionel Messi’s contract at Barcelona has officially expired he is free to be taken in any other club.
The Argentine superstar’s current deal lapsed at midnight in Spain on Tuesday, which was 11pm BST.
Messi’s contract was reportedly worth an eye-watering £476million over four years, which works out at around £119m per season.
The signing-on fee was £99m alone, with a further £67m due as a loyalty bonus, according to reports in Spain.
Barcelona’s financial situation is said to be in a poor state, with the coronavirus pandemic hitting revenues hard.
Negotiations over an extension are reportedly ongoing, but as yet no official confirmation has been made.
As it stands, for the first time since 2000, Messi is no longer under contract with Barcelona.
The 34-year-old made clear his desire to leave the club last summer, only to be convinced to stay for at least another year.
He kept up his stunning form with 30 goals in 35 La Liga appearances to win the Pichichi for an eighth time.
Modern world has opened the doors for newer technologies. Every day, people bring new ideas to transform the way of thinking and doing things. Stories from all over the world from different fields influence many to pursue with their field of interest. There are several successful women in many fields in India also; they become true inspiration to all the young dreamers. Moreover, this pandemic have also taught us to be more skillful to achieve success and continuous growth in our lives.
One of the inspiring stories that have made young girls believe in their dreams is that of P.V. Sindhu. She started playing Badminton at the age of 8 and made her international debut when she was 17 yrs old. After tremendous hard work and with constant learning she became the World’s 6th Ranking Women in Single Badminton. This dedication and her constant efforts are real inspiration for the women out there who believe on themselves.
Image: Sports24
Likewise, Sharanya a 24 yr old young junior doctor who treated the victims of the Kozhikode Plan Crash. After working for 1 year at Kozhikode General Hospital,she quits to start preparing for her NEET exams. On one of the fateful night, when the hospital needed all hands on deck, she jumped into help without a second thought.
12 year old Haaziq from Pune came up with ingenious innovation- Ervis – which is a prototype ocean cleaner ship that can suck out plastic from the surface of the ocean. The picture of a young whale that died of intestinal blockage after consuming huge amount of plastic is what made this 12 year old to wage war against plastic. His novel idea received global attention and he got a chance to present this idea before audience through TED-X club.
India is one of the countries having most number of youths; the need is to give them a proper direction to think and to bring a change. Engagement of young people at local, national and global levels is impacting lives. The more they explore the more idea they collect. At this stage of confusion and uncertainty youths from different part of India are setting examples for others. No talent should be wasted, because they are capable of much more. But due to societal pressure and constant discouragements they often confused to choose their field of interests.
Image: Rightful Owner
The 22 year old a Haimanti founder of the NGO Junoon, is the inspiration for people who want to bring a change in the field of education especially for underprivileged children. Since May 2018, she has been on a mission to equip them with necessary skills along with education that will enable her to enroll them in a regular school under the Right to Education Act.
There are several more tales of young minds whose acts inspire us to work towards innovative methodologies. A young regular college student from Palakkad district, Shahinsa belongs to an agrarian family from the Panamanna village have deep passion for farming and finds the time to grow crops using modern technology in the fields.
Sriya Donepudi (15), a school going girl from Khajaguda started an initiative to recycle used flowers after social functions. She collected discarded flowers from various events and with the help of women from economically weaker sections they made soaps, paper-weights and other items from floral waste. According to The New Indian Express, this initiative made her bag The Diana Awards of 2020.
In the year 2017, Malhar and his friends collected the garbage thrown by visitors at Dadar Beach. Earlier, they started it as a weekend activity that gradually turned into a fully fledged cleanup movement engaging over 20,000 Mumbaikers. Collectively they have gathered 1000 tonnes of waste including plastics, stale food and religious offerings that had been cleared from the beach side. His efforts for this cleaning drive recognized globally when United Nations felicitated him on the International Volunteer Day.
Most of Indian startup and innovation landscape provide opportunity to young inventors to bloom. Their keen observations combined with deep sense of strategic ideas helps them in dealing with various problematic situations in the field of technology. These tales not only made us proud but also inspire us to build a new India with innovative thoughts.
Image : Shutterstock
Each of us is great in our own fashion. Even a tiny story of inspiration can influence thousands of youngsters to pursue their dream; each act can impact the world. Every one of us has that hidden power, the requirement is to have faith and continue our work with relentless efforts. These tiny tales of youths inspires many to pursue their dream . This pandemic is really tough and a challenging time for all the innovators but if you’re passionate enough to achieve your goal, you should continue with perseverance and patience.
Water is the basic needs of the individual for the Survival. Some of the things like oxygen, water, food are very essential for the individual to live. After the oxygen, water is very much important for the individual survival and for the whole environment as well. Water is used in the daily basis for many of the activities like drinking, cleaning, watering, and also for some of the electric purposes etc.
There are plenty of water in the seas but there is no use of them. Because, all the seawater are salty and not food for drinking purpose. They can be made for drinking by some of the beautification methods which takes lots of processes and also the time. Scarcity of the water is not only the India’s problem but also the global problem.
If the wasteage of water is continued in the same way, there will be a day where no water can be found for drinking purposes and for some of the utility purposes. Most of the people waste water without any need. Using water for the purposes are all good but Wasting the water without any reason is a bad habit that an individual must not develop. It is very easy to waste water rather than saving the drop.
The main sources of water are surface water, ground water and rain water.
Importance of water :
Water is very important to the human body. Every one of your cells,organs and tissues use water to help with temperature regulation, keeping hydrated and maintaining bodily functions. In addition, water acts as a lubricant and cushions your joints. Driniking water is great for your overall health. Because your body loses water through breathing, sweating, and digestion, it’s important to rehydrate by drinking fluids and eating foods that contain water.
Water delivers important nutrients to all of our cells,especially muscle cells, postponing muscle fatigue. Water helps weight loss. Water helps you feel full longer,without adding any additional calories.
Benefits of Drinking water :
* Increases Energy & Relieves Fatigue. Since your brain is mostly water, drinking it helps you think, focus and concentrate better and be more alert.
* promotes weight loss.
* Flushes out Toxins.
* Improves skin complexion
* Maintains Regularity.
Best source of water :
1. Watermelon – water content : 92%
2. Strawberries – water content : 91%
3.cantaloupe – water content : 90%
4.peaches – water content : 89%
5.oranges – water content : 88%
6. Skim Milk – water content : 91%
7. Cucumber – water content : 95%
8. Lettuce – water content : 96%
9. Broths and soups – water content : 92%
10. Zucchini – water content : 94%
11. Celery – water content : 95%
12. Plain yogurt – water content: 88%
13. Tomatoes – water content : 94%
14. Bell peppers – water content : 92%
15.cauliflower – water content : 92%
16. Cabbage – water content : 92%
17. Grape fruit – water content : 88%
18. Coconut water- water content : 95%
19. Cottage cheese – water content: 80%
Disadvantages of water :
It is said that too much consumption of water can lead to fluid overload in the body and imbalance in the body. Excess water can lead it lower sodium levels in the body, which may further lead to nause, vomthing, cramps, fatigue. This condition is known as hyponatremia.
The best method to save water is to use in limited amounts. That is, to limit the water without wasting much water.
Sachin Ramesh Tendulkar is an Indian former international cricketer who served as captain of the Indian national team.He is widely regarded as one of the greatest batsmen in the history of cricket.He is the only batsman in world cricket to hit 100 centuries.
BIO Born : 24 April 1973 Age (as 2021) : 48 Years Height : 1.65 m (5 ft 5in) Father’s Name : Ramesh Tendulkar Mother’s Name : Rajni Tendulkar Spouse Name : Anjali Tendulkar Children : Sara And Arjun Hometown : mumbai Zodiac sign : Taurus Nationality : Indian Religion : Hinduism
Sachin Tendulkar was born to a brahmin family on 24 April, 1973 in Dadar, Mumbai. That is he belongs to renowned Saraswat Brahmin Family. His father, Ramesh Tendulkar, was a Marathi poet and novelist. His mother was Rajni who worked in the insurance industry. He has two brothers namely Nitin and Ajit and one sister Savita.
EDUCATION School : Indian education society’s new English school in mumbai. Shardashram vidyamandir school, mumbai College /University : not attended
CRICKET Batting : Right-handed Bowling : Right-arm medium, leg break, off break Role : Batsman JERSEY : #10(INDIA)
EARLY CAREER: Tendulkar took up cricket at the age of eleven, made his Test debut on 15 November 1989 against Pakistan in Karachi at the age of sixteen, and went on to represent Mumbai domestically and India internationally for close to twenty-four years. In 2005, he became the first cricketer to score 35 centuries (100 runs in a single inning) in Test play.
Later in his career, Tendulkar was a part of the Indian team that won the 2011 World Cup, his first win in six World Cup appearances for India.
Tendulkar became the first batsman in history to cross the 34,000 run aggregate in all formats of Cricket on 5 December, 2012. In an international cricket approx. he played a total of 657 matches. On 16th March, 2012,100th-century milestone was achieved against Bangladesh in the Asia Cup.
Top Test Cricket Records: ° He holds the record to be the fourth-youngest °Sachin Tendulkar was the first Indian to surpass the 11,000 run mark in Test World record of 8,705 runs in Tests away from home °World record of 29 centuries in Tests away from home °First player to reach 13,000, 14,000, 15,000 Test runs respectively °The only cricketer to score 100 centuries in international cricket (test and ODI) °He is the only cricketer to have scored 5 centuries before he turned 20.
AWARDS: > 1994 – Arjuna Award for exemplary achievements in cricket > 1997 – Amongst the five players selected as Wisden Cricketer of the Year > 1997-98 – Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna India’s highest sporting honour > 1999 – Sachin received Padma Shri Award > 2001 – Sachin received Maharastra Bhushan Award > 2003 – Named as Greatest Sportsman by Zee News > 2006 – Recognised as one of the Asian Heroes by Times Magazine and Awarded the Sportsperson of the Year >2008– Awarded the Padma Vibhushan which is India’s second highest civilian award > 2009 – Sachin’s Test Debut recognised as Top 10 Sporting Moments by Times Magazine > 2010 – LG People’s Choice Award, ICC Cricketer of the Year, and Sports Icon of the Year at NDTV Indian of the Year Awards > 2012 – Wisden India Outstanding Achievement award and Honorary Member of the Order of Australia, given by the Australian government > 2013 – Bharat Ratna > 2020 – Laureus World Sports Award for The Sporting Moment of the Year (2000-2020)
RETIREMENT : His 24 year-long marvellous cricket career came to an end on 16 November, 2013 when he announced his retirement.
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