Category: Tech

Guide for Solar Water Pumps

In today’s technology driven world, people are turning towards less harmful modes of electricity. For many years now, solar power, hydro power, and wind energy have been the main source of electricity across the globe. But now more advanced technology is known to the world and it is being used to create more effective methods. Scientists and engineers are devising methods to create such sources of energy which will reduce the use of conventional resources furthermore. Solar water pumps are another product of that technology. Many people are already enjoying its benefits. Why aren’t you? Are you searching for the best one? We are here to guide you through the whole of it. At the end of this, you will be able to choose the best solar water pump there is and you can enjoy it too.

What to Look For in a “Solar Water Pump”

  • Efficiency – Efficiency is the most critical factor to check in the solar water pump. The pump should provide great efficiency to work properly.
  • Flow rate – Flow rate defines how fast the water will flow through the pump. More the flow rate, the better. You must remember that the ideal instantaneous water flow rate of a pump must be equal to one-third of its daily consumption.
  • Head – The head of the pump represents the increase in energy accumulated by 1 liter of water. It is also an important factor to consider as it may reduce pressure loss.
  • Power – The power of the solar water pump should be considered properly. It depends on the conversion of solar energy into electrical energy.
  • Speed – Speed is the number of revolutions taken by the pump in a specific interval of time. You need to make sure that you have a high speed pump available.
  • NPSH (Net Positive Suction Head) – Net Positive Suction Head is the main factor to keep in mind while buying a solar water pump. It indicates its inability to create absolute volume.
  • Raw material – You need to check the raw material used to make the solar water pump. It plays an important role in defining the lifetime of the pump. If the pump is made from weak raw materials, it will not last long and will cost you more for maintenance.
  • Quality – Quality is the first and most important factor you keep in mind while buying anything so it applies to solar water pumps too. The quality of a pump varies from company to company and is different for different manufacturers.
  • Size – The size of the pump should also be considered before buying it. It depends on your preference where you want to install the pump or for what purpose you are going to use it.

What do we mean by Solar Water Pump and how does it work?

Solar Water Pumps are also called Solar Photovoltaic Water pumping systems. They are designed like the old, traditional water pumps. But the difference is that they are powered by solar energy instead of fossil fuels.

Photo by eberhard grossgasteiger on Pexels.com

Why use a Solar Water Pump?

There are several purposes for using a solar water pump. Some of them are listed below:

  1. For pumping water for livestock
  2. Providing water for farms and residential areas
  3. For pumping water for crops and irrigation
  4. Providing water supply for general need in households
  5. May be used for water treatment
  6. For pumping fluids across a long distance

And of course, sunlight is free and abundant and water is essential for all living beings. So why not put it to use?

Are they worth it over other conventional options?

Yes, the solar water pumps are worth more than the other conventional options. The main reason is that they are more eco-friendly as compared to the fossil fuels burning for electricity.

Should you just DIY a Solar Water Pump

If you want to experiment with your skills and have much free time on your hands, then you can make a DIY solar water pump at your home. Some of the crucial information you will need to do that is given below:

Main Components of Solar Water Pump

  1. Solar Cell Module –  Solar power generating device that directly converts solar energy into electrical energy.
  2. Solar Pump Inverter – most important equipment of the photovoltaic system. It controls and regulates the operation of the whole system.
  3. Water pump, pipeline, and reservoir – To pump, deliver and store water

Typical Design of Solar Water Pump

  1. Model selection process
  • Confirm head and flow rate of the pump
  • Confirm solar panel capacity
  • Confirm the power of the water pump
  • Confirm the inverter
  • Selection of cable specification
  1. Obtain user demand – Daily water demands, the diameter of the well, depth of the well, area to irrigate, average sunshine daily in the area.

Some Specifications of Solar Water Pumps

  1. Head: 110m
  2. Flow: 1000/（300*0.8*3.5）= 1.19 m3/h
  3. Pump selection: pump motor power 1.5kW, flow 1.2m3/H, head 115m
  4. 1.5KW water pump is equipped with 2.2KW solar pump inverter 
  5. The working voltage of the solar pump inverter is 200V-360V.

Steps of Construction

Step 1: Find a perfect location

  • Before building a solar water pump, the most important requirement is finding a perfect location where you want to lace the water pump. So go on the search right away and get back here to start building your solar water pump.

Step 2: Choose the size

  • The size of the pump is the main factor to look after while building a solar water pump. It is going to affect the amount of water that can be pulled from a water source. For this, you can use a power cord or simply install a solar panel for reducing any further costs.

Step 3: Assemble the pump

  • Assembling the main unit of the pump will be a tiresome job. But it can be easily done by following the instruction manual provided to you with the components of the pump. After you are done assembling the pump, move on to the next step.

Step 4: Add the solar panel

  • Now you are building a solar water pump all by yourself, which means you need to keep a check on your budget. So to ensure that you should install a solar panel instead of a power cord. Choose your solar panel properly. It should be large because you want to absorb as much sunlight as you can. In addition, place it at a proper angle, preferably facing the east or west to absorb light effectively during the day.
  • After installing the solar panel, attach it to the main unit of the pump so that you don’t have to use a power cord. 

Step 5: Cover the pump

  • The last important step you need to follow is to cover the pump so that it is not visible as it may not look good in the middle of the garden. If you don’t want it as decor then consider hiding it in a corner.

Step 6: Modify the pump

  • A solar water pump will be a feast to the eyes in the garden. To decorate it you can add some flowers, some tree leaves, or other things you want it to design it with. You can be creative and make an excellent piece of decor for your garden or pool in the backyard.

That’s it. You are done. In just these 6 simple steps you will have a perfect homemade solar water pump. You can use it to decorate your garden or place it in a pool.

Pros and Cons of Solar Water Pumps

If you are not sure how to decide about the solar water pumps, check out the listed advantages and disadvantages of the same. You will get a proper image of what to look for in a solar water pump before buying. These will help to change your mind about your preference or maybe make you sure of what you want. 

Advantages

  1. Zero fuel cost – Solar water pumps are powered by solar energy so it does not require fuels to operate. Fuel adds a significant cost to the cost of the whole solar water pump system.
  2. Installation costs only – Once you install the solar water pump system, then it only requires sunlight. That means after installation it is free.
  3. Less labor and maintenance – Solar water pumps require very little labor to operate properly. It also does not require much maintenance. In addition, it reduces the time taken to irrigate the farm.
  4.  Environment friendly – They are sustainable and use non conventional energy sources.

Disadvantages

  1. Can’t pump when it’s dark – However great solar water pumps are but they do need sunlight to operate. So this is the biggest disadvantage of them. They can’t operate when it’s dark.
  2. High upfront costs – This may be the reason why it is not much use for the farmers because it is not as easily affordable.

Frequently Asked Questions

Here are some of the important frequently asked questions about solar water pumps.

  1. How does a solar water pump work?
  • It works like any other water pump. The only difference is that it is operated by sunlight.
  1. What is the use of solar water pumps?
  • A solar water pump is useful in irrigation for farms and for extracting water from wells and ponds.
  1. What are the different types of solar water pumps?
  • There are several types of solar water pumps:
  • Submersible pump
  • Surface pumps
  • DC pumps
  • AC pumps
  1. Can a solar water pump be relocated?
  • The system once installed can be relocated but it is not recommended. The process is expensive and can cause severe damage to the system.

Netflix’s gaming expansion begins on mobile devices.

Netflix started in its second-quarter earnings report on Tuesday that its early gaming efforts will be centered on mobile games and that the games will be included with customers’ Netflix subscriptions. The news comes just days after the firm announced the hiring of Mike Verdu, a former EA, and Oculus executive, to lead its gaming efforts.

From Netflix’s letter to investors, here’s what it said about gaming:

We’re also in the early phases of extending into games, drawing on our previous interactive initiatives (e.g., Black Mirror Bandersnatch) and Stranger Things games. We see gaming as a new content category for us, in the same way, that we’ve expanded into original films, animation, and unscripted television. Games, like films and shows, will be included in customers’ Netflix subscriptions at no additional cost. We’ll start by concentrating on games for mobile devices. We’re as thrilled as ever about our movie and TV series offerings, and we foresee a long runway of increased investment and growth across all of our existing content categories, but now that we’ve been at it for almost a decade, we believe it’s time to learn more about how our members value gaming.

Although Netflix just expanded its TV contract with Shonda Rhimes to include feature films and gaming content, there are still no indications on what sorts of games would be accessible. There’s also no indication of how Netflix subscribers will get their games.

In the past, the business has admitted that it competes for time and attention with games, with co-CEO Reed Hastings stating in 2019 that “we compete with (and lose to) Fortnite more than HBO.” In April, as part of the company’s first-quarter reporting, COO Greg Peters mentioned the interest of the company in gaming (PDF). And with games like Black Mirror: Bandersnatch and Carmen Sandiego, the firm has already dabbled with gaming.

However, it appears like Netflix is now more interested in gaming than ever, with the recent appointment of Verdu and the fresh details revealed Tuesday about its first intentions.

Twitter vs Instagram. What’s better for business?

Before we get into the details about marketing on Twitter and Instagram, let us learn quickly about some of the key features of both Twitter as well as Instagram.
Twitter was launched in 2006 whereas Instagram was founded in 2010. As of 2020, there are 1.3 billion twitter accounts out of which only 330 million are monthly active users globally whereas there are 1.2 billion Instagram accounts out of which 1 billion are monthly active users globally.


About 293 million Instagram users are aged between 15 and 24 and 338 million users are aged between 25 and 34. Talking about Twitter, 80% of its global population is below 50 years old. Twitter ranks slightly behind Instagram when it comes to users 60+ users.

When it comes to the worldwide gender split, about 51% of Instagram users are female and 49% are male and when we talk about Twitter 62% are male and 38% are female. 85% of India’s Twitter audience is male, ranking the country third highest for male-to-female ratio.

With the help of the above graphs, we come to know that Laos has highest female ratio when it comes to Instagram and for Twitter its Philippines with highest female ratio.

1. USER ENGAGEMENT REACH

One of the commonality between Instagram and Twitter is that maximum of their active users are aged between 18 and 29. And if a business is looking for a young audience, then surely it has to select both Instagram and Twitter.
From the above two graphs, it is quite evident that user traffic is much higher on Instagram than any other platform.
However, it is important to note that maximum Twitter users are inactive and Instagram users are mostly active with over 500 million people using Instagram daily whereas only 330 million Twitter users are active monthly. So if a new business wants to enter the market and wants easy and quick promotion, Instagram is a better option any day.

2. Sales

Instagram has separate business profiles specifically for collaborations and business deals. Email, contact number can be directly attached on profiles whereas same does not happen with Twitter.
Another important characteristic where Instagram leads over Twitter is its “Trackable” feature. Sales and Leads can be tracked through Instagram Advertisements and hence we can see clear Return on Investment.

According to Shopify, an e-commerce platform, average price tag for a sale referred from Instagram is $65 and it is $55 for Facebook and $46 for Twitter.
With Instagram settings, we can link our profile to other social media accounts such as Facebook and Twitter but the same is not possible with Twitter and this can indirectly help in increasing sales.

Instagram being a more visual platform with variety of formats available is doing better than Twitter in driving sales.
In the graph below, it is found that traffic on Instagram is more than Twitter. So it is obvious, Instagram is ahead of Twitter when it comes to generating sales.

It is also important to note that Sales on social media platforms also depend on the country and the business field one is in.
After analysing the below three graphs, we will be able to understand that it is better to avoid using any of these applications for our business if our target audience is not into these fields and countries.

3) Return on Investment

Providing a link on our Instagram bio can fetch a lot of traffic and doing the same on our Tweets would also increase our traffic. Making good investment on Instagram sponsor advertisements and Twitter advertisement also increases our user traffic dramatically as Twitter shows our advertisements on “TRENDS” while Instagram shows our advertisements on stories.
Mostly, influencers prefer Instagram over any other platform since it is easy to handle and even users like Instagram posts as compared to other formats. And at the end all a business wants to do is to increase sales and earn profits. This is possible more on Instagram due to its unique yet diverse formats, high user engagement and efficient promotional techniques, so definitely ROI is bound to be more in Instagram than on Twitter.

Also, as mentioned before, Instagram Business profiles provide each and every detail about insights, engagements, and sales and as a result it gives better information regarding ROI in comparison to Twitter.
Two examples of Sales Tracking, User Enagagement and ROI information are given below.

Conclusion: Both Instagram and Twitter are doing well when it comes to marketing strategy and business. If we talk about situation half a decade ago, Twitter was leading but in 2020, Instagram is unbeatable winner.
Growth of the business also depends on the industry, for example fashion industry will do better on Instagram while News Industry will do better on Twitter.

Fiber-Optic Cables

Physical Description

Core:-

Physical medium that transports optical data signals from an attached light
source to a receiving device. It is a single continuous strand of glass or plastic
that’s measured in microns (μ) by the size of its outer diameter. The larger the core,
the more light the cable can carry.

Cladding:-

It surrounds the Fiber core and serves as a boundary that contains the
light waves and causes the refraction, enabling data to travel throughout the length
of the Fiber segment.

Coating:-

It is a layer of plastic that surrounds the core and cladding to reinforce
and protect the Fiber core. Coatings are measured in microns and can range from
250 to 900 microns.

Strengthening Fibers:-

These components help protect the core against crushing forces and excessive tension during installation.

Cable jacket:-

This is the outer layer of any cable. Most Fiber optic cables have an
orange jacket, although some types can have black or yellow jackets.

Transmission Characteristics

-Optical fiber transmits a signal-encoded beam of light by means of
total internal reflection.
-Total internal reflection can occur in any transparent medium that
has a higher index of refraction than the surrounding medium.
-In effect, the optical fiber acts as a waveguide for frequencies in
the range of about to this covers portions of the infrared and visible
spectra.
-Act as wave guide for 1014 to 1015 Hz

Optical Fiber Advantages: –

  • Higher Bandwidth
  • Less Signal Attenuation
  • Immunity to Electronic Interface
  • Resistance to Corrosive Material
  • Less Weight
  • Less Number of Repeaters
  • Signal Security

Optical Fiber Disadvantages:-

  • Installation
  • Maintenance
  • Unidirectional Light Propagation
  • Cost

Cable Selection Criteria to establish a network

1. Bandwidth:

Data carrying capacity of a channel or medium. Higher bandwidth communication channels support higher data rates.

2. Flexibility:

For Expanding network, the need for extra equipment or devices.

3. Reliability:

The consistency of transmission media.

4. Radiation:

It refers to the leakage of signal from the medium due to undesirable electrical characteristics of the medium.

5. Noise Absorption:

It refers to the susceptibility of the media to external electrical noise that can cause distortion of data signal.

6. Attenuation:

It refers to loss of energy as signal propagates outwards. The amount of energy lost depends on frequency.

7. Number of receivers:

The number of users to be connected.

8. Transmission Rate:

This refers to the speed or data transmission rate.

9. Cost and Ease of Installation

10. Distance between each device

Signal Conversion In Computer Networks – In Short

1) Analog to Digital conversion

-It is an electronic process in which a continuously variable (analog) signal is changed,
without altering its essential content, into a multi-level (digital) signal.

-The input to an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) consists of a voltage that varies
among a theoretically infinite number of values.

-Examples are sine waves, the wave forms representing human speech, and the signals
from a conventional television camera.

-The output of the ADC, in contrast, has defined levels or states.

-The number of states is almost always a power of two – that is, 2, 4, 8, 16, etc.

2) Digital to Analog Conversion

-In this conversion technique, the amplitude of analog carrier signal is modified to
reflect binary data.

-A Digital to Analog Converter, or DAC, is an electronic device that converts a
digital code to an analog signal such as a voltage, current, or electric charge.

-Signals can easily be stored and transmitted in digital form; a DAC is used for the
signal to be recognized by human senses or non-digital systems.

Jeff Bezos’ spaceflight

The sun climbed over a private spaceport in rural West Texas, a six-story-tall rocket lit its engines and lifted off, carrying a spacecraft with four people on board—the first passengers to ride Blue Origin’s New Shepard rocket to the top of the sky. The rocket hurtled star-ward, and at about 250,000 feet the crew capsule separated from the booster and continued to the edge of the atmosphere, while the rocket fell back to Earth and executed a controlled vertical landing. 

As the capsule climbed, the crew members unbuckled their seatbelts and floated in weightlessness for a few minutes, whooping excitedly as they took in the views out the windows. At 351,210 feet, not quite in orbit but well above the 62-mile line marking the internationally recognized boundary of space, the capsule began to fall. About ten minutes after launch, parachutes helped it safely alight back on Earth.

Jeff Bezos is going to space on Blue Origin's first crewed spaceflight in July - The Washington Post

The flight carried a crew by spaceflight standards. One of the passengers was Jeff Bezos, founder of Blue Origin and currently the world’s richest person. His brother Mark joined him for the inaugural flight. And perhaps outshining the Bezos brothers, at least for those versed in aerospace history, is Wally Funk, an 82-year old aviator who has dreamed of being an astronaut since the early days of NASA’s human spaceflight program—when she trained to be an astronaut and outperformed the seven men chosen for the Mercury program on many of the tests, but did not get a chance to go to space.

Completing the crew is Oliver Daemen, an 18-year-old from the Netherlands, now the youngest person to visit space. Daemen’s father paid an undisclosed amount for his son to experience weightlessness, see the darkened sky, and gaze at Earth’s curved horizon for a few fleeting minutes. 

Bezos has said he founded Blue Origin because he wants to help create a future where millions of people live in space, residing on lush, rotating manufactured worlds in orbit.

It’s not clear how hefty the price tag for the opportunity will be—but Blue Origin says it has a list of passengers waiting for their turn to make the parabolic journey. One of those is an anonymous customer who bid $28 million for a chance to fly on this inaugural flight but had to postpone the trip to space at the last minute because of “scheduling conflicts,” the company said. 

How to get help in the programming forum

When we start our coding journey we used to get stuck at many places and e often want to get rid of it soon as possible but not many of us are blessed with some mentor who guides us through this journey but there comes to the programming forums like stack overflow or stack exchange where programmers help each other with there piece of code. And it is not only exclusive to beginners, even veterans get help from here and help in exchange!  But there are some manners or you can see unwritten rules between programmers on how to get help . Let us jump into it! :

Things to remember while getting help

Photo by Tim Gouw on Pexels.com
  1.  Whatever problem you have written it in a proper detailed manner. like specifying what problem/ error you are getting, what you are trying to do etc, and don’t forget to mention what you have already tried solving! because it saves both your and your helper’s time ! 
  2. Don’t ever forget to add some relevant screenshots/code of the problem! it helps you get helped fast! for codes use snippets! Or Pastebin!
  3. always gives more details whenever helpers ask for it! Sometimes what happens is we think this much information is enough to get help but it is oftentimes not true. and never think bad about it! helpers not trying to insult you or anything it’s always in a good means !There are some such cases when people get offended easily ! tip: don’t!
  4. So what happens quite some time that people get helped but they came across second follow up questions or they didn’t get something from the answer maybe like because of lack of knowledge/information. so they often think the helper may help them with this one too as they did before but remember one thing they are not obliged to answer your every question! and don’t worry someone else from somewhere helps you with that! so be little patience! helpers doesn’t get paid they doing this voluntary out of love/ passion for this they have, so be respectful towards them that they are trying to help you take out so valuable time from their life! with patience here comes our next point!
  5. so this point is very important, especially for beginners! because what most beginners do at these forums is they ask questions and see nobody replying to them in like a few minutes they leave it and go back to their other work. This is quite unprofessional behaviour. just let us suppose when you left the forum and someone came helping you and in between he wants a few more info regarding the question of what he is supposed to do wait for you > No! He is not obliged to do so by seeing such behaviour, the unresponsiveness many others helpers who may help in the case will not even try to help because they presume you may have solved it or don’t need help anymore. which is not true in your case !  that’s why it is advised to ask your question in your free time or when you can easily reply to their follow-up questions regarding your question! just have little patience young learners!
  6. last but not least! it is actually the first point, sort of saying! why? Because of most of the questions we come across, there are more chances that many others may also encounter it somewhere some time ago ! and get helped with it too! So the thread or the question related to most of the problem already exists in these forums or on any other website ! so our first step should be to simply “GOOGLE”, very important I repeat very importantly! as it will help others and yourself to save time and waste it on already resolved queries . The thing is many peeps don’t even put this much effort and interrupt the flow at these quality forums! And yes people are very concerned and strict about it so good luck!

so, you especially don’t worry if you have read and followed me all the way to this ! Now I suppose you know now what to do when you are stuck at some tricky code or silly one 🙂 best of luck 

What Do you think about this article pls tell me in the comments! and don’t forget to like it , sayonara 🙂

Universal Design

Universal design is the approach of designing products and environment so that it can be used by broad number people irrespective of age, disability, ability, status in life and various other factors.

Usually, products are designed to be suitable for average users whereas products designed under the principle of universal design try to be suitable for the maximum number of users. The purpose of universal design is not to create a design that can work for 100 percent of the people because it is almost impossible to have a ‘One size fits all’ design. The purpose is to create a design that can serve solutions that are more inclusive. Designers have to look at those designs that push the boundaries as far out as possible without compromising the quality and integrity of the product.

There are many instances where a designer will have to choose between different designs and determine the more suitable design according to UD principles. For instance, if there is a choice to choose between a lever-design handle and a knob-design handle. It is preferable to choose the former rather than the latter as the lever design can accommodate more people’s daily usage. The lever design feature will be a more inclusive element compared to the latter. It can accommodate various usages like opening the door with closed fists or the elbow or so that a person can easily access the door while carrying something as well as people with finite strength.

There are briefly 7 Principles of Universal Design. These were developed in 1997 by a team of architects, designers, engineers, and environmental design researchers.  The team was led by the late Ronald Mace who was an internationally recognized American Architect and designer in North Carolina State University.

The seven principles are:

  • Equitable use

While designing, the product should be kept in mind that it should be accessible by every person including disabled people.  

  • Flexibility in use

The design needs to be configurable to accommodate everyone’s preferences, needs, and abilities.

  • Simple and intuitive

This means that the design should be easy to understand for everybody. The person can easily figure out a well-designed product or an environment without thinking too much about it.

  • Perceptible information

The design can communicate all of its necessary information to everybody irrespective of the environmental conditions or the user’s sensory abilities.

  • Tolerance for error

It refers to safety so that the design minimizes hazards, accidents or unintended actions.

  • Low physical effort

The design in use needs to be comfortable and efficient rather than being exhausting and fatiguing to use.

  • Size and space for approach and use

The design irrespective of user’s body size, posture, or mobility should not restrict anybody by its size or space.

Universal design can really make the lives of people much more comfortable, safer, and efficient in the long run. There are still many areas that are not designed well and poorly designed products, buildings or the environment can be a safety hazard as well. It is usually the job of a universal designer to design new products from the ground up and many also renovate existing designs to make them more accommodative and accessible.

References:

http://universaldesign.ie/What-is-Universal-Design/The-7-Principles/

https://www.washington.edu/doit/what-universal-design-0

WHERE TO GET FREE E BOOKS

Not everything is free in this world. Which means “something must be free.” Like that no books are free but some e-books can. You can read a lot of books from some legit websites and apps.

PDFDRIVE.COM

Pdfdrive.com is a worldwide legit website. There are more than millions of books on that website. Pdfdrive.com has every kind of book like, fiction, non-fiction, self-help, Drama, romance, science-fiction, fantasy, and much more. You can find books there from Shakespeare’s dramas to Paulo Coelho’s recent best-selling novel, The Archer. You can even search in your own native language like Tamizh, English, French, German most of the famous books will be available there.

So, how to download them? Simple all files will be available in PDF modes. So, you just have to search the book on that website if it appears you have to click that book column and then the PDF column. The file will be downloaded. All you have to do is having a PDF reader apps on your device. And start reading. Voila.

Google

We all know google is a multi-purpose search engine. We can watch videos, fill up forms, search for something that we want to know, download music, movies, songs, and images. And most of us never know we can download E-books too in our Google. Google has a lot of books available within it. Especially, in PDF forms. All you have to do is just type the “name of the book” and the “author” then type “book pdf download” or you can type as “book name” and “author name” then “. Pdf file” or “Book name” and the “author’s name” then “.pdf”

For example:

  • The Secret by Rhonda Byrne book Pdf Download
  • The Girl on the Train by Paula Hawkins.pdf
  • Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen.pdf

If you search in these types, if it’s available, you will get some pdf results on the front page itself.

Playstore:

Playstore is well known for its Apps. And it has a lot of Ebook apps more than 100’s of them. You can just simply type and search the application and download it to use if you feel comfortable with it.

For Example:

  • “Free Ebooks apps”
  • “Free Ebooks reading apps”

You can simply type like this and you will get a lot of results. But, the main thing is these apps don’t have every book we would like to read. Mostly there will be books that are published before the twentieth century. So, you can have a good classic reading hour and some other famous books like detective novels and classic romances.

Amazon.in

Amazon.in is an app and a legit online shopping website. Which is successfully operating all over the world. Yes, you can download some free Ebooks on Amazon too… The well-known famous app for readers is Kindle. This app is linked with Amazon, if you want to purchase any books from kindle it will direct you to an amazon app that’s where you can place the order and can read in kindle.

Sometimes some new authors fix their books on amazon for free download. Thus, people will try to read it. We can use that opportunity for ourselves. Just type free ebooks at amazon you will get to know what are ebooks are available as of that moment. And definitely, there will be a lot of classics for no cost on amazon.

If you are an avid reader kindly make use of it. If you are an amateur, take this as an opportunity to develop your reading habit.

Amazon CEO and other returns from their space voyage

Amazon CEO Jeff Bezos returned to earth after his maiden space voyage. Mark Bezos, Wally Funk and Oliver Daemen were his other co-passengers in this journey. He spent total of 10 minutes in space. He went there on Blue Origin’s New Shepard spacecraft from its Launch Site One located in the West Texas desert (United States).

Jeff Bezos and his other co-passengers ( via Reuters)

Happy, happy, happy!,You have a very happy crew up here!

Jeff Bezos said in space

For the first time in the history a commercial company launched a privately funded and built spacecraft from a private launch range with astronauts on board.

Congratulations to all of Team Blue past and present on reaching this historic moment in spaceflight history. This first astronaut crew wrote themselves into the history books of space, opening the door through which many after will pass

Blue origin released this statement after safely return of the passengers on earth.

Private companies are competing in space travels and explorations, let’s hope this competition may result in affordable space travel ,well within reach of common man. Space travel is still dream of many people.

Which Trading is Better?

Want to trade? Stuck choosing between online and offline? You have come the right way. We are here to help you through your decision for trading online or offline. First, you should know the basics of trading. Then we will guide you through some points stating differences between online and offline trading. 

Before the age of the internet, trading was carried out by stockbrokers. They dealt with the work of buying and selling equities on behalf of their clients. But the internet made this process a lot easier and faster. Today, both online and offline share trading is prevalent around the world. 

To understand more clearly, let us tell you something about Forex trading. 

What is Forex Trading? 

Forex trading or better known as foreign exchange trading is multipurpose trading carried out around the world. It can be explained as a network of various types of buyers and sellers willing to transfer currency between each other at an agreed price. 

Forex trading or any other type of trading can be carried out by individuals, organizations, companies, and central banks. They convert currency into one another and transfer the same. The amount of currency they convert daily causes price movements across many countries around the globe. 

Now let’s see some differences between online and offline trading. 

Differences between online and offline trading

  1. Ease of trade

Online trading is usually done individually and the person makes all the transactions for himself without any guidance. Also, online trading can be done with any device provided by the internet. Here all you need is the internet so it is less expensive. 

Whereas in offline trading all the transactions are carried out by the broker. And the individual has to approach the broker and contact him by going to his office. This also makes offline trading more expensive. 

  1. Convenience

Convenience is the most important factor to be considered when doing absolutely anything. Similarly, online or offline trading services should be selected based on the convenience of the individual. 

Lack of the internet can be a problem for those who prefer online trading. But if you have a mobile and full-time internet then your best option is online trading. But for people who prefer regular guidance, should go for offline trading. 

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  1. Security

In terms of security, online trading is much more secure than offline trading as in online mode, the individual has complete control over the transactions to be made. 

In offline trading, the transactions are in the hands of the broker. They carry out the transactions on behalf of the client without any knowledge. 

Another advantage of online trading is that the traders can check their tax, brokerage, and other statements. But in offline trading, the broker can easily manipulate the trader. 

  1. Real-time information

While trading, the trader needs to keep track of the real-time information. So again online trading has the ball in its court. It is a huge benefit of online trading that all the real-time information is displayed on the trader’s screen. He can have access to updates on any crashes in the stock market. 

Whereas in the case of offline trading, the trader can’t keep track regularly as the market keeps updating every second. 

  1. Trading fees

In online trading, the client executes the trade themselves so there is no need for middlemen. This reduces the trading fees to almost negligible in online mode. 

Whereas in offline trading there is more than one person involved in the process which increases the trading fees significantly. 

  1. Guidance

Guidance is necessary during trading. So in online trading, the trader can surf the internet for various expert comments and suggestions. 

Whereas in the side of offline trading, the trader has no other option but to depend on the broker’s word for everything. 

  1. Platform

It is a huge advantage of online trading that it has all the things under one umbrella. The trader can find everything on a single platform. No need to search here and there. Plus, the broker houses make sure they upload all the necessary things on their site. 

Whereas in offline trading, the trader needs to do independent research about everything, before asking the broker to trade. 

  1. Quality of service

In online trading, the trader can access detailed reports of trends in the market and can have all information regarding stocks and orders. 

Whereas in offline trading, the trader should trust the broker for all information. 

  1. Flexibility

With online trading, getting the order at the right time has become easier. All broker houses provide a trading platform like their website or app. There the trader can execute buying and selling of orders and make transactions. 

Whereas in offline trading, the trader needs to go to the broker’s office or carry out the trade on call. This is tiresome and inconvenient to almost everyone nowadays because of the busy schedule. 

  1. Fraud

Online trading provides the trader with full control over their trades and transactions. 

But in offline trading, clients have to take the broker on his word. This sometimes leads to mistakes and cases of fraud. 

Now you can easily start trading without depending on anyone for information and all the necessary transactions. Clearly, online trading won the battle online Vs offline. Hope you make the right choice. Happy trading! 

Next Destination: Space

If you are bored from drives, lakes, beaches, resorts, mountains, deserts, valleys, trenches and even underwater sea-diving and have shit ton of money in store, this article is for you. And even you don’t have that kind of money, then hang on. Hopefully, there will be cheaper space-crafts for us as well very soon. And, you would have probably guessed by now. I am talking about this new adventure sport, recently launched in market, very very recently. Last week, Richard Benson, a British Businessman in his ship virgin galactic, made a quick visit to space and another famous businessman, Jeff Bezos is ‘all set to launch’ today. They are opening what we call space-tourism for the wealthy mass of the world.

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Space-tourism, as the name itself explains, refers to humans travelling to space for

  • amusement
  • diversion
  • enjoyment
  • fun
  • hobby
  • show-off
  • spending money

what-ever your reason might be, thereby making space accessible to all us non-astronauts who are clearly not interested in space for any scientific purposes, thank you very much. This isn’t the first time a space tourist has visited space. In the year 2001, US millionaire Dennis Tito PAID US $ 20 Million to travel via the Russian Soyuz spacecraft thereby visiting the international space station and even ended up spending 8 days there. There were 7 more people until 2009, before the Russian company closed off this private sale of tickets. And so, now if it makes you think about this ‘amidst nowhere’ proposals or this private floating marriage or even spending your weekend up there, it might someday be your dream come true. Just hang on there for a while, or year, or a decade, maybe.

Till now, Space Adventures was the only private company sending private customers to space. Now, there are 3 more participants in this ‘Race to the Space’- all set to explore this new venturing tourism domain with its high profits and the intense thrill that comes with it- both for the tourists as well as organizers.

  1. Richard Branson’s Virgin Galactic- Started in 2004, its a reusable space plane and can fly off into sub-orbital space. It uses VSS unity space-plane lifted using VSM Eve- a large carrier aircraft. A single ticket is estimated to be priced at  between $300,000 and $400,000 and offers a 2.5 hours flight with 6 min of weightlessness. The space-ship was separated 45 minutes into the flight. It can carry 6 passengers- 2 crew-persons and 4 customers.
  2. Jeff Bezos’s blue origin- Founded in 2000, it works towards vertical take-off into the sub-orbital space as well as vertical landing. It aims for an 11 minute flight after separation and a few minutes of weightlessness. It shows you the curvature of earth before returning. Blue origin flight can take up-to 6 passengers. Unlike other companies, Blue Origin works at providing holidays at affordable rates. So, look out for this one. it might very well plan your next holiday.
  3. Elon Musk’s SpaceX-This company was formed in 2002. Its dragon capsule uses a reusable Falcon rocket to launch itself into space. It is capable of carrying up-to 7 people. The mission is expected to last 3-4 days.

Space tourism has a very high significance in the near future. Seeing the number of millionaires and billionaires across the world, the market is estimated to comprise nearly 2.4 million people in the near future and is a boost to the world economy. And who knows, maybe space tourism might even help us to expand life throughout the space and find us a new place to live in this infinite space. But whatever it may do in this regard, it is bound to increase our interest in space exploration and we might as well make an engineer or a scientist out of it or a wonderful sci-fi and maybe the next world-hit movie. Success of this industry will bring in investments that will lead to development of more advanced technologies in the future. And if we are unable to find somewhere to live, we might end up making one for ourselves. Who knows?

With this rosy picture, painted in our minds, we need to loo at the harms it offers to not only us but the already degraded-due-to-human-activity- “EARTH”. The soot or black carbon that is emitted by rockets gets accumulated in the stratosphere and cannot be washed away by rains and wind and hence, will stay in this region of the atmosphere for years thereby causing serious damage as well as causing elements to escape the earth’s recycling process. After a particular height when we escape the earth’s atmosphere or in the region where the atmosphere thins we are exposed to harmful radiations and solar flares. Also travelling via a space craft can affect our vision, cognition, balance and motor control. The industry has just begun. It might lack the necessary safety equipment or might avoid them in the absence of safety protocols.

The space is a dangerous area we are willing to venture. Before further developments in this field, we need to ask ourselves if space is even meant for humans? Or if we haven’t done enough damage to nature and our surroundings as it is? Is it all worth the harms it offers? Can we do without it? And if we can’t, isn’t it better to leave it to those experts who might extract a lot more than just fun out of it?

The Pegasus spyware hack reveals that Apple needs to substantially improve iPhone security.

Apple has always been proud of the secure service it provides to its customers. It often pokes fun at Android, speaks at length about privacy during keynotes, and has released few features that have irritated the other Big Tech companies. However, the new Pegasus spyware disclosure has left Apple red-faced, indicating that the Cupertino-based tech company has to beef up its security. Journalists and human rights campaigners from all around the world, including India, were targeted by the malware.

The Amnesty International Security Lab discovered evidence of Pegasus infections or attempted infections in 37 of the total 67 cellphones examined. 34 of them were iPhones, with 23 displaying evidence of a successful Pegasus infection and the other 11 displaying signs of an attempted infection.

Only three of the 15 Android cellphones, on the other hand, revealed signs of a hacking effort. However, there are two things to consider before assuming that Android phones are safer than iPhones. One, Amnesty’s investigators confirmed that Pegasus evidence was located on the iPhone more than anywhere else. Android’s logs aren’t large enough to retain all of the data required for decisive findings. People have greater security expectations than the iPhone, for two reasons.

Apple has often said in previous years that the iPhone is a more secure phone than Android, and this assertion holds whether Pegasus is there or not. However, the Pegasus tale demonstrates that the iPhone is not as secure, or rather unhackable, as Apple claims. This is reflected in Amnesty International’s statement.

The issue is especially concerning because it affected even the most recent iPhone 12 devices running the most recent version of Apple’s operating system. That’s usually the best and last level of protection a smartphone maker can provide.

“Apple strongly opposes cyberattacks against journalists, human rights advocates, and anyone working to make the world a better place,” Ivan Krstic, head of Apple Security Engineering and Architecture, said in a statement to India Today Tech. Apple has led the industry in security innovation for over a decade, and as a consequence, security experts believe that the iPhone is the safest and most secure consumer mobile device available. Such attacks are very complex, cost millions of dollars to create, have a short shelf life, and are used to target specific persons. While this means they pose no harm to the vast majority of our users, we continue to work diligently to secure all of our customers, and we’re always implementing additional safeguards for their devices and data.”

How did the iPhone’s security get hacked?

Pegasus zero-click assaults were used to hack the iPhones, according to the study. It claims that thousands of iPhones have been infected, but it cannot confirm the exact number of phones that have been affected. ‘Zero-click’ assaults, as the name implies, do not involve any activity from the phone’s user, giving an already strong virus even more potential. These attacks target software that accepts data without first determining whether or not it is trustworthy.

In November 2019, Google Project Zero security researcher Ian Beer uncovered a similar vulnerability, revealing that attackers may take total control of an iPhone in the radio vicinity without requiring any user input. Apple released a software update to remedy the problem but confessed that it was powerful enough to damage the devices.

Because zero-click attacks don’t involve any user interaction, avoiding them becomes extremely tough. Even if you are aware of phishing attempts and use the best online practices, you may still be targeted by this malware.

What does Pegasus have access to?

While there is an amount of data on who was impacted and how they were affected, no investigation has been able to uncover the data that was gathered. However, the options are limitless. Pegasus may gather emails, call logs, social network posts, user passwords, contact lists, photos, videos, sound recordings, and browser history, among other things.

It also can turn on the cameras or microphones to acquire new photos and recordings. It can listen to voice mails and gather location records to figure out where a user has gone, and it can do all of this without the user accessing their phone or clicking on a strange link.

Advantages of Online Business

With the development and growth of technology in today’s world, people go for much easier and faster ways to do absolutely anything. Nowadays everything can be easily done with just some clicks here and there. From paying your bills to shopping for your birthday, from wanting to eat a small burger to planning a huge party, almost every single thing is possible online. 

Do you want an Android mobile phone, or do you want a flight ticket to go meet your family? Name it and you got it. Are you still stuck in your mind thinking “Should I start a business online?” If yes, then go nowhere else. We are here to clear your doubts about it and persuade you to just go for it. So yes, you should do business online. Now let’s see why. 

Why Should You Do Business Online? 

We will tell you all about why to start a business online. We are going to shoot you some persuasive points to start a business online. 

  1. Extremely inexpensive

When starting it will be a little expensive but just to fuel the process. Once you have started an online store or maybe an online blog, then you just need a website with a domain name and your business will take off in no time.

  1. Flexibility of time

Depending on the type of online business you wish to start, you will have the flexibility of time and work. You can choose what time of the day you want to work. But this does not mean you relax all the time thinking it is going well. You need to work according to what your business requires. But you can do that at your own convenient time.

  1. Choose your location

In an online business, you are not forced to sit at a desk all the time. You can work from the comfort of your home. You don’t need to spend hours daily stuck in traffic to reach your office or you don’t need to ask for a weekend off to go for a trip with your family. You have the freedom to choose from where you want to work.

  1. Huge income and growth potential

Before starting an online business you should know that your income won’t be defined by the number of hours you work. It solely depends on the amount of progress and productivity of your work. Try to work on the important parts and reduce your time of work. The main focus should be on consistency. Unlike those 9 to 5 office jobs, online business runs even when you relax for some time.

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  1. In action all the time

Online businesses can run all 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. It does not require you always hovering over your screen to work all the time. Keep track of what important is going on and relax for a bit. It provides the owner, flexibility in how they want to work.

  1. Outsourcing your work

As you grow in your online business, begin to earn some money you can start to outsource your work to other contractors or hire them. You can also hire some employees to help you ahead in your journey. Outsourcing work does not cost a lot of money instead it helps you grow your business more and at significantly higher levels.

  1. Focus on important things

One of the most useful perks of starting a business online is that it allows you to focus on the most important aspects of your life rather than just working 24/7. You can build a platform for yourself by sharing your information and ideas with like-minded people. You can spend quality time with your friends and family. You can also guide other individuals thinking of starting an online business too.

  1. Creates long term financial security

An online business that you started just as an experiment of a new thing, can be grown to become a stable, well-established business in the market. It can become your main source of revenue as well. It will provide you with financial security for a longer period than you expected. And not just one, you can add more businesses along the way.

  1. Less overhead and financial commitment

To start a business, people usually take loans, property leases are signed, and what not is done to start the business. But the advantage of online business is that it requires a less overhead and financial commitment. This is also a great path for young entrepreneurs to chase their passion and find stability at a young age.

  1.  Easy to excel

 It has become much easier to be successful in online businesses than it is in others. There is much scope in many different types of businesses around the world. 

There, you have it. You have now got all the motivation you need to start an online business. Make sure to keep these points in mind whenever you have doubts about starting an online business. Hope we threw away the question from your mind. Now, what do you say? Should you start a business online? We hope you got the correct answer. Yes, go for it!