The origin of life depends on the singe question – How did early cells could have arisen?
Modern cells consist at a minimum of plasma membrane enclosing water in which numerous chemicals are dissolved and sub cellular structures float. It was thus believed that the first self-replicating entity was much simpler than even the most primitive modern living cells. Before there was life, and yes, Earth was a different place: completely hot and anoxic, with an atmosphere which was completely rich in gases such as hydrogen, methane, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and ammonia. Earth’s surface was like a pre biotic soup in which chemicals reacted with one another, randomly “testing” the usefulness of the reaction and the stability of the resulting molecules. Some reactions released energy and would eventually become the basis of modern cellular metabolism. Other reactions which occurred created molecules that could function as catalysts, some aggregated with other molecules to form the predecessors of modern cell structures, and others were able to replicate and act as units of hereditary information.
Proteins have two major roles in modern cells – structural and objective.
Catalytic proteins are called enzymes, in cells. Thus enzymes act as the workhorses of the cell. DNA stores hereditary information and can be replicated to pass the information on to the next generation. RNA is involved in converting the information stored in DNA into proteins. Proteins can do cellular work, but their synthesis is dependent on their proteins and RNA, and information stored in DNA. DNA can’t do cellular work. It’s only work is to store genetic information and it is involved in its own replication process which is a process that requires proteins. RNA is synthesized using DNA as the template and proteins as the catalysts for the reaction.
Based on these considerations, it seemed to evolutionary biologists that at some time in the evolution of life there must have been a single molecule that could do both cellular work and replicate itself. A possible solution to the nature of this molecule was suggested in 1981 when Thomas Cech discovered an RNA molecule in the protest Tetrahymena that could cut out an internal section of itself and slice the remaining sections back together. Since then, other catalytic RNA molecules have been discovered, including an RNA found in ribosomes that is responsible for forming peptide bonds – the bonds that hold together amino acids, the building blocks of proteins. Catalytic RNA molecules are now called ribozymes.
The discovery of ribozymes suggested the possibility that RNA at some time had the ability to catalyze its own replication, using itself as the template. In 1986, a term was coined – RNA WORLD to describe a precellular stage in the evolution of life in which RNA was capable of storing, copying, and expressing genetic information. Also it catalyzes other cellular chemical reactions. This important evolutionary step is easier to imagine than other events in the origin cellular life forms because it is well known that lipids, major structural components of the membranes of modern organisms, form liposomes which are bounded by a lipid layer.
Category: World
SOLAR ECLIPSE, 21st June 2020
The Earth will witness an annular solar eclipse on Sunday, 21 June and the people in India will be able to catch this annual celestial event in action. It is not a regular one as it falls on the summer solstice, i.e. the longest day and the shortest night of the year.
What is solar eclipse?
A solar eclipse occurs when the moon passes between the sun and the earth. When this happens, the moon blocks the light of the sun from reaching the earth. The shadow of the moon is then cast on the earth.
There are three types of solar eclipses:
First, there is a total solar eclipse — which is only visible from a small area on earth. For the phenomenon to occur, the sun, moon and earth must be in a direct line.
Second is the partial solar eclipse when the sun, moon and earth are not exactly lined up.
The solar eclipse of 21 June, however, is an annular eclipse and is the third type. This happens when the moon is farthest from the earth, according to NASA blog. Since the moon is farther away from the earth, it seems smaller and does not block the entire view of the sun. The moon is in front of the sun and looks like a dark disk on top of an even larger disk which appears like a ring of fire.
The eclipse will be annular in some parts of the country, where sky gazers will get an opportunity to observe the “ring of fire” during the phenomenon. However, for most parts of the country, the eclipse will be partial.
On June 21, the annular eclipse will first start for the people of Congo in Africa and progress through South Sudan, Ethiopia, Yemen, Oman, Saudi Arabia, the Indian Ocean and Pakistan, before entering India over Rajasthan. It will then move on to Tibet, China, Taiwan, before ending at the middle of the Pacific Ocean.
This will be the last eclipse to be seen from India for the next 28 months as the next eclipse will be seen in India on October 25, 2022.
In India, the solar eclipse of June 21 with begin at 9:15 am and will end at 3:03 pm. The sun will be seen as a ‘Ring Of Fire’ to the skygazers which is a rare event. The partial eclipse will begin at 9:15 am and it will reach its peak at 12:10 pm. The full eclipse will end at 2:02 pm and the phenomenon will end at 3:04 pm.
Some interesting facts
- In a year, there can be as many as five solar eclipses.
- A total solar eclipse is a rare sight and happens only once in every 18 months. For a total solar eclipse, the sun has to be blocked at least 90 percent by the moon.
- The longest duration of a total solar eclipse is 7.5 minutes
- The total solar eclipse cannot be seen from the North and South Poles
“Not all scars are visible”- Mental health
You might consider yourself to be physically healthful but do you possess a healthy state of mind? How frequently do you consider mental pressure, anxiety or an ill mood? We all must be conscious of the point that a healthy mind as well as a healthy body, both are a part of what makes us whole. Consequently, looking after mental health is as fundamental as caring for the physical health.
A healthy mind encompasses the ability of individuals that allows him or her to withstand the stressful and troublesome situations of life, work productively and contribute their presence in the community. But multiple times people are not competent to look after what they think intense in their minds. That is when the mental disorder begins. A consequence of which they might suffer from depression, anxiety, autism, schizophrenia, obsessive-compulsive disorder, dementia and many more. These disturbances makes them feel sad and makes their mood low. They may face severe mood fluctuations of highs and lows and make them unable to cope with even simple life problems. They may face problems while concentrating and have reduced ability to think keeping them confused all day long.
Accordingly, factors that may affect mental health are:
- Abuse: This may be physical, sexual, oral or psychological.
- Physical indisposition: This includes diseases, injuries or other physical disabilities.
- Social connections: Includes any separation, divorce, family loss etc.
- Difficult characters: people who exhibit irrelevant behaviour, extreme lying, violence, inappropriate actions.
Have you ever heard about the terminology D.O.S.E?
If not, then this might surprise you as holding a healthy mind starts right here. D.O.S.E exists for Dopamine, Oxytocin, Serotonin and Endorphins. Dopamine among the four is the fundamental chemical that emanate positive emotions in the body. Let’s understand how these chemicals function:
Dopamine: This is something that we can consider as ‘The Happiness Drug’. This motivates us towards our goal that we aspire to accomplish in our existences. Without Dopamine one never would have had the enthusiasm to achieve what they strive for, and the essential happiness We may also refer it to the slight joy that we feel in out day to day life.
How to retain a Healthy Mind?
Now as we know that a healthy mind prepares a happy mind, we also need to comprehend how to do so. A healthy mind is what helps us throughout our entire being therefore the following could be done for our mental health:
- Being active: Exercising will support the physical as well as mental health.
- Talk to yourself: Make time and efforts into bridging relations with yourself, keep telling yourself that You are worth enough.
- Keep learning: Keeping the mind healthy; learning new skills, languages, sports, information etc. has proved constructive.
- Quit the addiction: Healthy mind is related to a healthy body, any alcoholic or drug addiction would impede the situation.
An unhealthy mind is considered the worst place to be. This state of mind would make you either win or vanish. Make some time for your mind. Care for it and it would take care of you.
Migration History of Kohinoor Diamond India to England…
It is said to be unlucky for men to wear the Koh-i-Noor diamond owing to its long and bloody history. Mughal was found is stone. Kohinoor means the mountain of light, and Its name is derived from the Persian word Koh-i-Noor. Mohammed shah Rangila has the master of this precious diamond in the 18th century. Its magnanimous traits and size make it the most desirable precious stone. Kohinoor was originally 793 carats when uncut which makes the biggest diamond in the world. Mined in Kollur Mine, India, during the period of the Delhi Sultanate, there is no record of its original weight – but the earliest well-attested weight is 186 old carats (191 metric carats or 38.2 g). The diamond was part of the Mughal Peacock Throne. It changed hands between various factions in south and west Asia, until being ceded to Queen Victoria after the British annexation of Punjab in 1849.
Originally, the stone was of a similar cut to other Mughal-era diamonds, like the Darya-i-Noor, which are now in the Iranian Crown Jewels. In 1851, it went on display at the Great Exhibition in London, but the lackluster cut failed to impress viewers. Prince Albert, the husband of Queen Victoria, ordered it to be re-cut as an oval brilliant by Coster Diamonds. By modern standards, the culet is unusually broad, giving the impression of a black hole when the stone is viewed head-on; it is nevertheless regarded by gemologists as “full of life”.
in the past, there are many kings and the Mughals fought for Kohinoor, firstly Babur, the Turco-Mongol founder of the Mughal Empire, wrote about a “famous” diamond that weighed just over 187 old carats – approximately the size of the 186-carat Koh-i-Noor. Some historians think Babur’s diamond is the earliest reliable reference to the Koh-i-Noor. According to his diary, it was acquired by Alauddin Khalji, the second ruler of the Khalji dynasty of the Delhi Sultanate. Babur received the diamond in 1526 as a tribute for his conquest of Delhi and Agra at the Battle of Panipat. Shah Jahan, the fifth Mughal emperor, had the stone placed into his ornate Peacock Throne. In 1658, his son and successor, Aurangzeb, confined the ailing emperor to Agra Fort. While in the possession of Aurangzeb, it was allegedly cut by Hortense Borgia, a Venetian lapidary, reducing the weight of the large stone to 186 carats. For this carelessness, Borgia was reprimanded and fined 10,000 rupees.
In 1739 invasion of Delhi by Nadir Shah, the Afsharid Shah of Persia, the treasury of the Mughal Empire was looted by his army in an organized and thorough acquisition of the Mughal nobility’s wealth. Along with millions of rupees and an assortment of historic jewels, the Shah also carried away the Koh-i-Noor. After Nadir Shah was killed and his empire collapsed in 1747, the Koh-i-Noor fell to his grandson, who in 1751 gave it to Ahmad Shah Durrani, founder of the Afghan Empire, in return for his support. One of Ahmed’s descendants, Shuja Shah Durrani, wore a bracelet containing the Koh-i-Noor on the occasion of Mountstuart Elphinstone’s visit to Peshawar in 1808. A year later, Shuja formed an alliance with the United Kingdom to help defend against a possible invasion of Afghanistan by Russia. He was quickly overthrown but fled with the diamond to Lahore, where Ranjit Singh, founder of the Sikh Empire, in return for his hospitality, insisted upon the gem being given to him, and he took possession of it in 1813.
Ranjit Singh had the diamond examined by jewelers of Lahore for two days to ensure that Shuja had not tricked him. After the jewelers confirmed its genuineness, he donated 125,000 rupees to Shuja. Ranjit Singh then asked the principal jewelers of Amritsar to estimate the diamond’s value; the jewelers declared that the value of the diamond was “far beyond all computation”. Ranjit Singh then fixed the diamond in the front of his turban and paraded on an elephant to enable his subjects to see the diamond.
On 29 March 1849, following the conclusion of the Second Anglo-Sikh War, the Kingdom of Punjab was formally annexed to Company rule, and the Last Treaty of Lahore was signed, officially ceding the Koh-i-Noor to Queen Victoria and the Maharaja’s other assets to the company. Article III of the treaty read: “The gem called the Koh-i-Noor, which was taken from Shah Sooja-ool-moolk by Maharajah Ranjeet Singh, shall be surrendered by the Maharajah of Lahore to the Queen of England. On 1 February 1850, the jewel was sealed in a small iron safe inside a red dispatch box, both sealed with red tape and a wax seal and kept in a chest at Bombay Treasury awaiting a steamer ship from China. It was then sent to England for presentation to Queen Victoria in the care of Captain J. Ramsay and Brevet Lt. Col F. Mackeson under tight security arrangements, one of which was the placement of the dispatch box in a larger iron safe. They departed from Bombay on 6 April on board HMS Medea, captained by Captain Lockyer.
Why Mukesh Ambani is more successful than Anil Ambani? – Inspirational story…
Once before in 2019 Mr. Anil Ambani either you pay Eriksson 453 crore rupees or go to jail that time is super rich brother saved him from that feed and then it happened again this year you are personally liable to the three Chinese bank for our comms use of 700 million dollars, but sir I have a net worth of zero you Daikin industrialist socialite and fitness enthusiast there riches-to-rags story of Anil Ambani could well be a plot for a Bollywood film just like his father the Dhirubhai Ambani.
Image source: Business Insider
Dhirubhai Ambani also inspired a film guru Dhirubhai was legendary for his audacious vision and his ability to successfully implement it
“If you don’t build your dreams someone else will hire you to help them build theirs while”
Started as a petrol pump attendant in Aden Yemen his son’s vocational him walk straight to the directors cabinet while returned to India with just 500 rupees set up reliance and took it public in 1977 the boy started life sitting on its board and that time of his death in 2002 Forbes ranked Dhirubhai Ambani as the world’s 130 eighth richest person with a net worth of 2.9 billion dollars leaving behind one of India’s biggest companies worth 75 thousand crore unthinkable to him that his two sons would fight over his legacy. Dhirubhai did not leave behind the wheel despite cracks forming between the two brothers even during his lifetime who were then Chairman and Managing Director of Reliance Industries respectively after the father’s death these cracks came wide into the open over who would own which company. There was no question as to who would get their flagship petroleum company reliance because Mukesh was the one who had built them main Patal Ganga plant and understood the business intricately Reliance Communications India’s second largest telecom company at the time was also micaceous baby having an vision and build it from scratch but Anil wanted it. Finally, it was their mother Kokilaben in 2004 five I need are calm mom supported by external negotiators chartered accountant s guru-murthy and banker KV Kamath who stepped in to divide the conglomerate Mukesh got all the old economy companies Reliance Industries petroleum IPCL infrastructure while Anil got all the new economy companies and renamed his group ad AG telecom Reliance Capital Energy Natural Resources and broadcasting and his legacy left him as the sixth richest man in the world with a net worth of more than 42 billion dollars just one step below his elder brothers forty three billion. It was broadly expected that since Ana had control over sundry sectors he would do better than Mukesh in the long run in his quest to further strengthen his hold in this sunrise sector in 2005 Anil bought ad lab films and their chain of theaters big cinemas which by 2008 had become the largest multiplex chain with 700 screens across India and overseas he also signed a 1.2 billion dollar deal with American filmmaker Steven Spielberg’s production company DreamWorks in the same year making some Academy award-winning movies.
Image source: Wikipedia.org
When Anil floated an IPO for Reliance Power it was subscribed in 60 seconds and record for Indian capital markets a Mills flamboyant lifestyle was a fairytale like his proximity to Bollywood celebrities on a loose was my genre program to politicians like Samajwadi parties. Amar Singh who had enough clout to have him nominated as AI onion through by Ambani having being elected as a member of the Rajya Sabha like his bi-weekly helicopter flight from his South Mumbai home to our comms office in Navi Mumbai named Dhirubhai Ambani knowledge seeking or his love for running and fitness which he apparently took up after an American investor.
Image source: Forebs
Mukesh boasting of the most expensive house in Asia worth 700 million dollars four and a half thousand crore anil planned his own luxurious house aboard also worth about the same amount in Bandra Pali Hill which is still under construction with so much money and attention around it seemed Anil star would shine forever things however did not go as planned relations between the once close brothers that were until then civil Saud instead of renegotiating an old deal in 2010 and Anil took Mukesh to court over the supply price of gas from Reliance Krishna Godavari Basin. Mukesh refused to supply him gas at the contracted price under the terms of the 2005 gas agreement brokered by their mother who Kokila had contracted to supply gas to onions our NRL at two dollars 34 cents per mm BTU even though its price had since risen sharply in international markets but the Supreme Court in accordance with the government’s gas utilization policy fixed the price at four dollars 20 cents per mm BTU in favor of Mukesh as Anil his next hit was in Telecom when our comb was set up they adopted the cheaper CDMA technology. While rivals such as Airtel and Hutch used the more expensive GSM while CDMA was a superior technology at 2g and 3G levels the world was moving towards 4G and beyond which it could not support once the tenure anti-competition clause with his brother lapsed into end Mukesh launched Jio and changed the face of the telecom industry in India within three years of Jio’s launch our comes one point six five lakh crore market capitalisation lost over 98% of its value and eventually went into insolvency proceedings in May 2018 both these were big setbacks for Anil.
Image source: Business Today
Now his dominoes began to fall one by one in an effort to reduce debt in 2014 Anil sold big cinemas to Carnival for seven hundred and ten crore and two years later parts of his TV and FM radio business to Zee for one thousand eight seventy two crore during his head is Anil to showcase his engineering capability took huge loans to build Mumbai Sea Link and the city’s verso Agard copper Metro both projects done below cost despite things falling all around him. Anil without domain knowledge tried his hand in the defense sector when in 2016 he bought p-pop of marine and offshore engineering so it was no surprise when the diversification failed and the market cap of Papa renamed Reliance navel fell ninety percent in 2019 from a billion dollars to a hundred million the Fuhrer over the Rafael deal in Parliament also added to his woes finally the profit making and cast generating Reliance Energy was sold off to Adani in 2017-18 for 2.5 million$ 18,000 crore took pay off debts loans that Anil defaulted on worth twelve thousand eight hundred crore also played a part in the downfall of yes bank as of December 31st 2019 Anil Ambani telecom naval infrastructure and power businesses have defaulted on loans over 43860 dollars his pile of deaths has also affected his other projects we had the Delhi Metro or power projects in Madhya Pradesh while Mukesh Ambani’s wealth saw ups and downs but remains steady at 43.1 billion$ last year on his fortunes tumbled to 1.7 billion and is reported to be worth less than 1 billion.
Mukesh Ambani House (Image: Business Today)
Anil monies deadly sins poor strategy are calm lost out when 4g came this way known drawback in CDMA pride chasing prestige projects with long returns rather than the bottom line like the ceiling over ambition looking outside of core competence areas like venturing into defense mismanagement taking more loans than the ability to pay in worst case scenarios like our comm navel etc mukesh on the other hand has not only kept a deep focus on his core business but entered two major sunrise sectors retail and telecom through a well-crafted strategy. Anil is not the only one to lose his fortune Ranbaxy is Shiv endure and Melinda Singh lost their ancestral 2 billion empire Ashika then Ravi can through you had to let go their bankrupt Essar Steel to ArcelorMittal VG Siddhartha of coffee cafe day ended his life citing debts and pressure from lenders the rage girl had to step down as chairman of Jet Airways which eventually wound up operations under a debt of 8500 TV mogul Subash Chandra lost his stake in Zee TV due to mounting debt the once billionaire is currently battling a lawsuit by three Chinese banks which are trying to recover 680 million$ they lend to our Comment 2012 debt backed by onions personal guarantee in a further spate of bad luck Reliance Capital the only business which was still doing well also got hit due to global recession after the corona virus epidemic a London Court has now asked him to deposit a hundred million dollars in six weeks but Anil pleaded, “I do not hold any meaningful assets which can be soon to pay them” now that the six week deadline is over and Anil is still out of jail it appears that he had enough personal funds to make the payment after the Jio-Facebook deal big brother Mukesh sauce even higher but with limited resources left the question is what next for Anil Ambani Baseball’s Limerick this is the story of Anil Ambani how his life was once full of glory but his death overloaded and capital eroded what chapters are left in this riveting story.
Facial recognition technology and how its affecting us.
Technology, evolving everyday getting smarter and smarter in order to ease our daily lives. One such technology is the facial recognition technology. It is the not only a hot brand on the tech market but also on the television front, it has been showcased in Tv shows and movies for years. Like any other technology it grows sophisticatedly and its usage has also expanded accordingly. These sensors have been upgraded to such a level that they can uniquely identify not just faces or animals but every individual fish that it can scans. That is the level of sophistication the facial recognition technology has achieved, but with its expanse it also brings about numerous privacy and civil liberty issues that need to be addressed. The biggest users of this technology worldwide are the Law enforcement departments. The use of this is so blatant that in an estimate around one in every two American has had their photos searched in this manner. Whenever this issue is raised not just in America but in any of the countries that this is so widely used, the authorities use the “we want to prevent atrocities” line, which would be sufficient if it did not come at the price of personal freedom.
Many countries have used this extensively but none other than china, the leading brand for infringing people’s right. They use a project called “Skynet” to monitor nearly every person’s movement, which includes whom you meet, where you go and even track all your movement for the past week. What makes this technology even worse is that even though it is still being used it is still a work in progress, which means its error rate is very high with only a measly 20% success rate. Even though this has such a large failure rate, nations worldwide continue to use it. Just a few years back Sri Lankan authorities mistakenly linked a Brown university student to a terrorist attack. With all of these concerns, a public domain company Clearview.ai has launched its services. To put this into perspective, Clearview.ai has collected data from nearly 3 billion images, which to this date is larger than any other facial recognition database on this planet. The founder Hoan Ton-That has scrapped photos from nearly all publicly available domains, and has become a front runner in the worst possible way. With their below the belt techniques and illegal means of acquiring photos of people, the company has also received cease-and-desist order from Facebook, YouTube and twitter this year. However, they have refused to do so and in fact even going so far as to claim that they have a first amendment right to harvest data, which is completely false. What is of a greater concern is that Hoan has previously developed apps like ViddyHo which tricked its users into sharing their emails and then spammed their contacts. Not only this but since its emergence Clearview.ai has tried to pitch itself to white supremacist candidates to ensure their victory. They have even quietly tried to offer their services to entities in Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates who have had a history of human rights violations. With such a large freehand to companies like Clearview.ai we seem to be headed to some dark times indeed.
What could be done to limit these companies are stringent laws to be placed so that companies are required to acquire permission from the person they are collecting data from. We individually cannot do much for this however with a comprehensive nation-wide policy some measure can be taken to ease the illegal flow of information that companies like Clearview.ai seem to obtain.
What happens next is for all of us to see.
Dexamethasone- Corona Vaccine Update!!!
Finally some good news today dexamethasone is now being called a major breakthrough based on a recent randomized controlled trial in the UK. Dexamethasone also known as Decadron is an example of a glucocorticoid are sometimes referred to as corticosteroids other examples of glucocorticoids include hydrocortisone methyl prednisolone prednisolone, prednisone beta methazone and triamcinolone so glucocorticoids are a class of steroid hormones that bind to the glucocorticoid receptor in the body cortisol aka hydrocortisone is the glucocorticoid.
We naturally make in our body it’s essential for life it regulates or supports various cardiovascular metabolic and homeostatic functions it also plays a big role in our immune system especially when it comes to reducing certain aspects of inflammation this is why we use them all the time in medicine we sometimes give these steroids for asthma copd rheumatologic type diseases and countless more diseases. Sometimes it is also given for steroids for meningitis and also for some forms of cancer we also give them in the early course of severe ards acute respiratory distress syndrome whether that ards is due to infection such as pneumonia or vaping lung injury or whatever the cause for severe ards we typically give methylprednisolone or solumedral at a dose of one milligram per kilogram per day. So, for most people that ends up being around 80 milligrams per day so this is the equivalent of 15 milligrams of dexamethasone the idea here is to suppress the cytokine storm that has taken place meaning that the massive amount of inflammation that causes lung damage and can indirectly cause damage to other organs as well our body naturally makes cortisol in our adrenal glands specifically in the zona fasciculata of the adrenal cortex the adrenal gland then secretes cortisol into the bloodstream and the cortisol travels to different tissues of the body and then binds to the glucocorticoid receptor inside cells it then stimulates the cell to make more anti-inflammatory proteins and causes the cell to make less pro-inflammatory proteins but giving someone glucocorticoids meaning steroids to someone who has an infection is somewhat of a tricky thing because the fear is that if you suppress the body’s immune system it has the potential to make the infection worse. Sometimes the body’s immune system does more damage than the actual infection for example in cases of meningitis that is due to either streptococcus or tuberculosis we give steroids because the medical evidence shows that they have better outcomes when we do so and giving someone steroids for viral pneumonias like influenza is more controversial because doing so generally leads to worse infection with that said if the viral pneumonia is so bad to the point of causing severe ards most doctors will give steroids in that situation. So this is why, the general medical guidelines so far recommend against giving steroids for covert pneumonia unless the patient has severe ards and we’ve been waiting for randomized controlled trials to come out for steroids in covid and here we are now with this study so in march of 2020 the recovery trial which stands for randomized evaluation of covid-19 therapy was one of the randomized control trials that actually looked at several different potential treatments for covid which included low-dose dexamethasone this trial was done in the UK.
Image source: Sky News
Over 11 500 patients in it so this trial has not been peer reviewed as of has not been published in the journal yet so everything I know so far is based on what’s been released to the general public in this trial over 2100 patients were randomized to receive dexamethasone specifically six milligrams once per day for 10 days and this group was compared with over 4 300 patients that were randomized to the standard care alone so 6 milligrams of dexamethasone is the equivalent of 32 milligrams of methylprednisolone so this is about half the dose we would typically use for someone with severe ards so among the patients who received standard care alone 20-day mortality was highest in those who required mechanical ventilation this was 41 and then intermediate in those patients who required supplemental oxygen only this was mortality rate of 25 percent and the mortality rate was lowest among those who did not require supplemental oxygen in which that mortality rate was 13 for patients who were on mechanical ventilators dexamethasone reduced mortality from 41 percent to 28 percent for patients who needed supplemental oxygen it reduced mortality from 25 percent to 20 percent and there was no benefit among those patients who do not require supplement oxygen in other words if someone only had mild disease there was no point in giving dexamethasone so based on these results one death would be prevented by the treatment of around eight ventilated patients. So that’s the number needed to treat for ventilated patients and then the number needed to treat for the ones who required supplemental oxygen that number needed to treat would be 25 so these preliminary results are significant but it doesn’t mean that dexamethasone is a miracle drug it’s certainly not a cure but it does seem to help based on these numbers index and methazone could be of huge benefit and not just rich countries but poorer countries as well because this drug is very cheap and is widely available so this is great news and very exciting but there are still a lot of questions that need to be answered like what is the ideal dose should we use higher doses in patients who are mechanically ventilated with ards and when will it be approved for use in the united states and we’ll get these answers pretty soon now another.
Interesting question is should we give decadron dexamethasone to people who have mild disease now even though this study didn’t show any benefit the reason why i bring this up is because some people start out with mild disease and then go on to have moderate or severe disease and we have no way of predicting who goes on to do that and also it happens very quickly lots of times someone could be doing just fine and then all of a sudden within hours they all of a sudden are deteriorating and they have severe disease so should we give those patients decadron regardless is there any harm doing so that’s another question that remains to be seen.
Bermuda triangle: An unsolved Mystery
This triangular shaped area has been under the radar for many years due to the suspicious activities and multiple missing cases of humans and airplanes. Many state that all the mystical phenomenons which have occurred in the Bermuda triangle are obscure and esoteric.
The Bermuda triangle is known by multiple names many call it Devil’s Triangle, it’s also called Hurricane alley as that area always experience violent weather characterised by hurricanes, cyclones and wild winds which is said to be one of the causes behind the missing cases of ships and aeroplanes. It’s located towards the extreme south eastern part of North America.
The term was coined by Vincent Gaddis (author) in 1964.Many claim that there is no region called Bermuda triangle and all the theories associated with it are absolutely fake and most of the incidents have been created for controversial purposes.
Scientists state it all started when Christopher Columbus was out exploring the sea and in search of new land he saw paranormal activity(fire balls crashing in that sea) in that area.
One of the very first cases which came to light was when a US Navy ship went missing in that triangle.
Charles Berlitz and his theory-
Theorist even claim the existence of extra-terrestrial beings from outer space and also claim the existence of an underwater city called Atlantis, Charles Berlitz was the one who propounded this theory, he supported all the claims toward the existence of Atlantis and also extra-terrestrial beings as part of this city. In his book ‘The Bermuda Triangle’ he expresses his hypothesis stating that Atlantis was a real city in the Bermuda Triangle.
High Magnetism-
Some claim that unlike others surfaces that area is characterised by high magnetism which leads to the sinking of ships and Airplanes due to strong gravity. Some theorists who are supporters of Charles Berlitz’s theory claim that the city is made of stones and special crystals which is characterised by vigorous gravity due to which planes, ships and helicopters drown in the ocean.
Illogical Claims-
Some of the illogical claims made by many theorist stated that the extra-terrestrial beings from outer space have their base located within the triangle and hence destroy everything and anything that passes over their base. Though this is mostly a bogus theory with hardly has any proofs or references.
Overactive Environment –
Many also claim due to the overactive environment, feral winds and other natural activities which are violent in nature have caused the destruction of ships and airplanes. Also because of a strong gravitational pull within the Bermuda Triangle it causes humongous waves which could have engulfed anything coming in its way.
Larry Kusche and his theory-
Though Critics like Larry Kusche claim that these all manmade theories have been hyped to create terror and controversies amongst people and also because it adds up to the fake news which becomes a part of continuous loops and is always under observation. In his book ‘The Bermuda Triangle – Mystery Solved’ he claims all of these enigmas surrounding the missing cases to be absolutely fraudulent.
Though researchers are continuing with their search to know the exact reason behind the weird phenomenons.Nature really never fails to amuse us.
The Need of Career Counselling in Today’s World.
What is counselling?
Counselling is a general process of helping or guiding an individual to solve one’s personal or psychological problems. Counselling is usually done by someone who is a professional in that particular field and knows how to deal with human behavior,their personality and provide right direction to their thoughts. A counsellor is a person whom you can visit anytime when you feel to as the relationship between the visitor and the counsellor is based on and should be based on trust and good moral support, on the other hand the individual’s identity and problems shared stays confidential.
What is Career Counselling?
It is also a process which focuses on helping an individual understanding his own worth as well as the work trends so that the individual can take a better decision about their career and education. Career counselling gradually helps in the time management issues among the students and children and also solve the trust issues and misunderstandings among the parents and children regarding which career to opt.
Why does one need Career Counselling?
Each and everyone of us require guidance at some point in our life as it is tough to make a significant decision. By career counselling we understand our potential and future aspect of our career and how to improve it. Some of the benefits of career counselling are given below.
- The major benefit of career counselling is that it helps an individual in choosing the right carrier as the counsellors are experts in their field and help to asses an individual’s aptitude,personality,interests and other aspects. By evaluating the results of the source of information which came from the student, the counsellar suggests the best available career options.
- As the career counselling provides an access to wide range of resources and knowledge which helps the student and parents to choose the right path and option as they might not be familiar to that kind of expert knowledge.
- Career cousnelling will help the student to understand the difficulties and hurdles which would arise in the path of their career.The extra knowledge that the student achieves through counselling results in the rise in confidence and enthusiasm.
- Such counselling will help the students in breaking some of their day to day habits which is not required such as procrastinating and not keeping update on the particular field or career. A career counsellor helps in breaking such behavioral patterns and lead to productive environment.
- In most of the situations it is a difficult task for both the parents and the students in choosing the right career option and leads to frustration. Career counselling provides such a platform where frustrations can be reduced and the focus is redirected towards the best career options.
- It helps the students in the connecting to the best experts available with enough life experiences and accomplishments. They become role models for the student in most of the cases who serve as an inspiration for the students.
Status of Career Counselling in India.
Career counselling in India may be a huge addressable market as currently India needs a minimum of 1.4 million career counsellors to take care of a globally acceptable student to high school counsellor ratio. While a few national boards have mandated schools to have counsellors, over 93% schools in India don’t have a professional counsellor on board. There is urgent need of career counsellors at the varsity level in India.
The government had done a survey of over 150,000 households across India between April and December of 2015 showed some startling data – a highly educated Indian youth is quite five times as likely to be unemployed as an uneducated one. Nearly 35% of Indian youth who possess graduate degrees and above are unemployed, while relatively uneducated young workers (6.2% unemployment) do far better . This clearly points to the very fact that there’s a significant mismatch between skill building and contemporary jobs. Timely career guidance can help bridge this gap.
That India features a counselling- deficit education sector may be a critical challenge. We have around 1 Lakh professional career counsellors compared to the necessity for 15 lakh career counsellors to cater to 315 million strong student market. Comparing to the US, they have about 2.6 million student counsellors for 56 million students.
Career Counselling is only now beginning to gain the recognition it deserves and is witnessing exponential growth as a profession. While the developed nations have recognized the criticality of career counselling, and a vast number of progressive schools in India are also waking up to the fact, over 90% of Indian schools still don’t have career counsellors and there’s a shortage of nearly 14 Lakh trained career counsellors within the country.
Market size and expected growth for career assessment.
The size of the market for career assessment and guidance is currently estimated at over Rs 5,000 crore in India and growing at a dramatic rate.The Developing economies are increasingly appreciating the impact of career counselling in aligning students with the proper career options and thus contributing towards the nation building with youth icons.
China releases 10 Indian soldiers after intense negotiations
The release of the 10 soldiers figured in three rounds of talks between Indian and Chinese delegations, led by major generals, near Patrol Point 14 in Galway Valley between Tuesday and Thursday. Maj Gen Abhijit Bapat, commander of Karu-based headquarters 3 Infantry Division, and his Chinese counterpart, met for the third time on Thursday.Intense negotiations through diplomatic and military channels, including three rounds of talks between senior military officers, led to the release of 10 Indian soldiers detained by the Chinese side during the violent brawl of June 15 in Galwan Valley, people familiar with developments said.The people, speaking on condition of anonymity, said the 10 soldiers, including at least two officers, were returned to the Indian side on Thursday evening, three days after the violent face-off along the Line of Actual Control (LAC) that left 20 soldiers, including a colonel, dead.
These negotiations were kept tightly under wraps due to concerns for the safety of the soldiers amid the heightened tensions between the two sides, the people said.
Russia assures support to India amid violent face-off with China at Galwan Valley
India and Russia enjoy close ties and have frequently engaged at the highest level, both Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi and Russian President Vladimir Putin have spoken to each other several times this year including on COVID crisis.Later next week, the \foreign ministers of the three countries are scheduled for the RIC (Russia, India, China) meet. The Russian envoy called the existence of the grouping an “undisputable reality” which is “firmly fixed on the world map”.
Commenting on the current stage of the trilateral cooperation amid the border skirmish, he said, “There are no indications that it might be frozen”Also, Russia is set to host SCO and BRICS summits later this year.
Meanwhile, Pakistani Foreign Minister SM Qureshi also spoke to his Russian counterpart and the Russian foreign ministry readout of the talks reveals that Russia does not support Pakistab’s priorities as had been claimed by Islamabad.
“Deserts-A solution for Rising Global Environment Crises”?
Global warming, climate change, melting of ice, earth temperature increasing and many more are some common natural phenomena happening these days with a sure shot affect on our future life. Even today, we acknowledge many examples of these phenomena as well as well researched papers which surely don’t deny the fact that these are surely happening. Countries across the world have been discussing this serious issue of climate change and global warming and have been coming up with brilliant ideas and policies to fight back. These technologies and various steps include a shift from Non sustainable resources to more Sustainable ones so as to reduce carbon emission and from them and getting a better and pure form of energy in endless quantities. Many nations have shifted to wider use of wind energy and solar energy as a mode of generation of power from them in various day to day activities. Many countries have also come up with a policy of carbon tax, which surely is charged from the companies and industries from which the emissions of carbon content is more. Also if any country buys fuel from the other country, carbon tax is included in it, which surely motivates people to cut down usage of these resources and also slow down their extra money cost in the form of fines.
So we all know that it’s really an important issue and need to work on till it becomes too late. But we do lack some of the technologies which could have a stronger impact on these or the resources which are available like sustainable one, it proves somewhat expensive to most of the countries with low economy so what’s the solution,”Is there any way we could undo and alter these activities and thus make our environment cleaner”. There are various researches and thoughts on these activities which can be done and varius good engineering methods have come into existence to fight these. One of those and widely accepted one is “Afforestation”. The term is self explanatory which means to increase the growth of plants and trees around the world and thus increase their quantity and improve quality of air as these would absorb more of the carbon-dioxide present in air. It’s a well known phenomenon and a lot many countries have been into it for quite a few years. But the main issue with this is, that we humans so lack the availability of land for the same. For trees to be grown, we need the required environment and the important is the space and fresh water resources. But we do lack it’s availability , also for the reason that we require much of our land for building hotels and other commercial activities in response to the growing population. But there are various regions which have large amounts of space and area, and are not used by humans and are widely available. These are the toughest terrain and known as deserts. These deserts have large space and thus can be used to plant trees without much human getting affected. The main issue is how can we irrigate, as we know they are desert because they lack water, then how is it possible. And if it is possible, will it not become desert again?
It’s possible as per many people doing research on this as they believe by the growing technology of desalination of water, we could utilize the water for irrigation. The benefits of utilizing these spaces are that these have lesser people living in it . So selecting the trees which are friendly to these climatic conditions would be the better option. Which could grow easily and used for commercial activities also. The benefit of growing more trees in these areas would be the amount of carbon content absorption would increase. Also we could cut down some of the trees as for the new ones to grow since it wouldn’t affect much this cycle since this would be practising around the world. We would use them for construction activities, for feeding animals and also liquifying most of them to biomass fuel, thus a pure and much better source of power for our other activities also, reducing the carbon content, and increasing economies. Also we know that most of these deserts acquire large amounts of ground water hidden under them, for example- Sahara. Which could initially be used for irrigation initially. Also the power required for the technology for the same could easily be generated from the solar energy trapped in there solar panel
So it seems according to research being done by various scientists and weather experts. But there are some other problems which could be faced in doing these projects. The water required would be clean, and thus desalination must be done carefully. But it’s output of concentrated salts dissolved in water in oceans could be harmful for the aqua life. Still this is just a thought which might affect the resulting increase in carbon content to reduce down. But still it seems difficult to make these ideas go on since they do require a large sum of money and also success of these are sureshot not acknowledged, since it’s still a question that wouldn’t these lands again transform into deserts again and lead us to big economic loss around the world.
“Various steps and policies are into actions with faster growing technologies so as to reduce the carbon content from them and shifting towards pure form of energy which is much cleaner, much cost effective and much safer for our planet”.
How artificial intelligence is transforming the future of digital marketing
From smart search options and personalized messaging to being used in campaigns and marketing, AI and machine learning are increasingly being used in digital marketing.
Digital marketing relies on leveraging insights from the copious amounts of data that gets created every time a customer interacts with a digital asset. Algorithms optimize various factors and data points that influence digital marketing success.
In 2020, we anticipate a significant uptick in the mainstreaming of AI and machine learning use cases in digital marketing across several areas.
Search will get very smart
In the past year, online search has had several AI and machine learning developments. Google is leading the pack with exciting applications in information retrieval. For example, Google’s BERT technology can process a word in the context of all the other terms in a sentence, rather than one-by-one in order. BERT also enables anyone to train their own state-of-the-art question answering system.
Customization of search results and the results page based on learning from past interactions and preferences of a user is another application of machine learning used in search.
AI-driven personalization of messaging
Several attach companies have been focusing on using AI and machine learning to find the right audience to write better ads than humans, and to increase conversion rates and engagement with the target audience. There are also several AI-led developments in the area of creating dynamic ads and landing pages to personalize marketing messages on the fly.
AI has an application in content creation in terms of determining the logic of personalization as also crating content specific to an individual, using techniques such as natural language generation (NLG).
Use of machine learning in campaign operations
Platforms such as Google and Face book have been at the forefront of AI/ML applications in marketing. Starting from smart bidding and smart campaigns to auto-generated ads, Google is making it easy for advertisers.
Smart bidding options such as TROAS, TCPA, and others use advanced machine learning algorithms to train on data at a vast scale to make accurate predictions about how different bid amounts might impact conversion or conversion value and assist advertisers in optimizing without getting into too many details.
Google factors in a wide range of contextual signals (through search data) to predict user behavior and to influence auction time bidding as per the goal set by advertisers. Facebook has also incorporated machine learning across campaign planning and execution, as also in ad placements and ad delivery.
Similarly, on the organic search side, machine learning-based product ALPS reverse engineers Google’s ranking algorithm, and is able to accurately quantify ranking drivers, provide precise recommendations for changes, and predicts the impact of SEO actions before they are implemented.
Similar technology to drive improved ad copy testing in digital marketing exists. These help in evaluating ad copies and landing pages on various parameters like relevancy, use of action promoters/inhibitors, urgency inducers, page layout, load times, etc., to gauge the impact on ad relevance, expected CTR, and landing page experience.
Future trends
AI will also have additional application in digital marketing with the uptick in the adoption of technologies such as VR and AR, as commercial use cases of these technologies find wider adoption in retail and other sectors.
Many retailers are also testing AI and VR/AR technologies together to make the user experience personalized to an individual.
Other areas of impact include voice search. We will increasingly see ads about things which we just said or talked about, but haven’t searched for yet. Similarly, image search is also being used by many brands for their consumers to match patterns and identify products using image search.
The coming years will continue to unfold newer potential uses of AI in digital marketing.
The Up and Coming Korean Brands
Happiness for a parent is when he is recognized by his child’s name. Just so, when a small country, in terms of size and resources, gains something big, a name in the whole world only because of the various companies it is home to, nothing could measure up to that.
For a long time, Korea was just a country with a population of 76 million, located in Asia, known for its cultural heritage and cuisine. However, in recent times the Korean Products and brands have become very popular in all corners of the globe. Invading our homes are LG, Samsung, Hyundai, 87mm to name a few. Being a gadget freak, I have my home filled with gadgets ranging from a Samsung Galaxy Tab, an LG microwave and washing machine, and even a Hyundai Grand i10.
The popularity of these brands is such that even global media such as Time and Fortune feature them too. Not only the well-known brands, but the smaller ones too are also set to make a mark in this giant world, few of them being Lock and Lock, Aurora, Pororo, and Woongjin.
Similar to naming a newborn, branding is the most vital marketing step for an organization, creating its identity, and generating long-term business perspectives. And that, I think, has been achieved by many brands of Korea very beautifully. With the fandom of Samsung merchandise overshadowing the popularity of Apple products, Korea has successfully ventured into the arena of technological advancements. Founded in 1967, the world’s largest maker of memory chips, smartphones, and television Samsung Electronics has a user-friendly interface and one could be easily taught how to operate a Samsung mobile phone.
Now, these advancements are being highlighted worldwide by hosting events like the Big Bang Alive Tour and the Golden Disk Awards, which receive global press coverage and have helped to build up a positive brand for Korea and its products.
Some of the leading automobile producers, no doubt, are from South Korea. World’s largest shipbuilding company is Hyundai Heavy Industries and the world’s fifth-biggest carmaker, Hyundai Motor Company is the top automaker in South Korea, producing pieces like Grand i10, Santa Fe, Veloster, Universe, and Genesis, with a variety of trims and body styles.
Korea has developed in terms of fashion too. When Wonder Girl’s star Sohee, one of the most fashionable young stars in the country is campaigning for 8seconds, there must be something in that brand. “Spain has Zara, Korea has 8seconds,” said “In Style Korea” fashion editor Sujin Yang. A signature 8seconds will have you looking at a pair of neon tribal print leggings paired with Space Age silver bomber jackets and a retro polka dot blouse. With colorful and creative displays, the stores are some of the most fun places to visit in Korea. Next in line is the Lucky Chouette, the variegated, street-inspired, and accessible line by Kim Jae Hyun.
The obvious analogy that one could make is that South Korea is set to one day replace Japan in terms of makers of high-quality brands. This in turn can mean that Samsung is on a trajectory to become Sony and Hyundai will one day have as loyal a following as Honda. Nevertheless, since brands are more global than ever before, it is getting harder to identify a global brand with a single country. That could help ascendant brands as they gain a global presence. As it is newcomers from China and India are already stalking them, fueled by fast-growing middle classes eager to display their newfound wealth through luxury goods and premium brands. With this growth rate, the day is not far when South Korea would be leading the world with all its advancements and technologies, supported by the hard work of its people.
Image Courtesy: GOOGLE
A Story of African Diamonds…
It’s a far cry from the clean, mechanized mines of South Africa, but it’s how much of Africa’s gemstones are mined: men dig by hand in pits, gravel and stream beds, looking for telltale signs of that elusive stone that will make them rich – or at least bring in enough money to sustain them and maybe secure the family’s future. Over one million diggers search for diamonds this way in Africa. They make less than a dollar a day, while the global diamond trade nets an estimated $80 billion a year. But, economic woes are not the only human toll of the gem industry.
In countries like Angola, the Democratic Republic of Congo, and Sierra Leone, diamonds were used by armed militias and rebels to fan civil war and inflict misery on the population. These became known as “blood diamonds.” Global Witness was one of the first non-governmental organizations to focus on the issue. Speaking with VOA in London, Annie Dunnebacke says the group set out to document the tragedy of conflict diamonds. “Sierra Leone is one of the most notorious cases where hundreds of thousands of people died as a result of the conflict that saw the eastern part of the country, where the diamond fields are, controlled by the Revolutionary United Front, a rebel group backed by then Liberian president Charles Taylor,” says Dunnebacke. “Horrific destruction and havoc were wreaked, especially upon the civilian population really, because the diamonds represented an economic incentive for the war to continue.”
The horrors of that war shocked the public, especially the scenes of innocent men, women, and children with their limbs cut off by rebels, and youngsters being forced into combat. Efforts to publicize the link between the atrocities, the warlords, and the diamonds paid off.
The movie Blood Diamonds helped. In it, Leonardo DiCaprio plays an ex-mercenary who sells arms to Sierra Leone rebels in exchange for diamonds. In the end, though, he gives up the business and helps publicize the illicit trade. Global Witness was an advisor on the film, and Annie Dunnebacke says it had an impact. “I think bringing the message is sort of Hollywood terms to a much wider audience than possibly our reports get to, it does have value,” she says.
Eventually, international pressure made the diamond industry sit up and listen. In 2003, the Kimberley Process came into being. It requires member governments to certify that exports and imports are free from blood diamonds. Industry associations said they would comply. Tom Tweedy is a spokesman for DeBeers, the world’s largest producer of. He says the Kimberley Process is a good way forward. “We have a system, and however imperfect it may be, it is probably the only comprehensive system of its type in the world,” says Tweedy.
At the World Diamond Center in Antwerp, Director Philip Claes says that before the Kimberley Process, conflict diamonds accounted for 4 to 15 percent of rough diamonds traded worldwide. “Today, conflict diamonds account for only 0.2 percent of all rough diamonds traded worldwide,” says Claes.The emphasis is on certifying the origin of the diamonds to weed out goods traded illegally. Annie Dunnebacke of Global Witness says it’s a good start but there are loopholes.
“There are huge weaknesses ranging obviously from porous borders in African artisanal producing countries and basic lack of infrastructure, corruption, things like this which are stopping the scheme from being implemented effectively, things that encourage a lot of smuggling, cross-border smuggling,” she says. In Johannesburg, diamond trader Janine Chaveau agrees. “I know quite a few people who are multi-millionaires who have never dealt in legal diamonds,” she says, “it’s always been illegal, blood diamonds.”
Chaveau says she has been offered many undocumented diamonds. She says if they don’t have papers, she doesn’t touch them. But, it’s not just diamonds that are causing trouble. More than 90 percent of the world’s rubies come from Burma, a poor country with a military government that controls the sale of gems. The trade helps maintain the government in power. Human rights activists are working to tighten sanctions against Burmese rubies. But, like with diamonds, the potential profits are large and many are willing to look the other way.
Rights activists are hoping consumers will start to ask more questions of the jewelers to make sure that the gemstone they buy is not sullied by anguish and blood.
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