The sun won’t die for 5 billion years

In a few billion years, the sun will become a red giant so large that it will engulf our planet. But the Earth will become uninhabitable much sooner than that. After about a billion years the sun will become hot enough to boil our oceans.

The sun is currently classified as a “main sequence” star. This means that it is in the most stable part of its life, converting the hydrogen present in its core into helium. For a star the size of ours, this phase lasts a little over 8 billion years. Our solar system is just over 4.5 billion years old, so the sun is slightly more than halfway through its stable lifetime.

After 8 billion years of happily burning hydrogen into helium are over, the sun’s life gets a little more interesting. Things change because the sun will have run out of hydrogen in its core – all that’s left is the helium. The trouble is that the sun’s core is not hot or dense enough to burn helium.

In a star, gravitational force pulls all the gases towards the centre. When the star has hydrogen to burn, the creation of helium produces enough outward pressure to balance out the gravitational pull. But when the star has nothing left in the core to burn, gravitational forces take over.

Eventually that force compresses the centre of the star to such a degree that it will start burning hydrogen in a small shell around the dead core, which is still full of helium. As soon as the sun begins to burn more hydrogen, it would be considered a “red giant”.

The process of compression in the centre allows the outer regions of the star to expand outwards. The burning hydrogen in the shell around the core significantly increases the brightness of the sun. Because the size of the star has expanded, the surface cools down and goes from white-hot to red-hot. Because the star is brighter, redder and physically larger than before, we dub these stars “red giants”.

Earth’s fiery demise

It is widely understood that the Earth as a planet will not survive the sun’s expansion into a full-blown red giant star. The surface of the sun will probably reach the current orbit of Mars – and, while the Earth’s orbit may also have expanded outwards slightly, it won’t be enough to save it from being dragged into the surface of the sun, whereupon our planet will rapidly disintegrate.

Life on the planet will run into trouble well before the planet itself disintegrates. Even before the sun finishes burning hydrogen, it will have changed from its present state. The sun has been increasing its brightness by about 10% every billion years it spends burning hydrogen. Increased brightness means an increase in the amount of heat our planet receives. As the planet heats up, the water on the surface of our planet will begin to evaporate.

An increase of the sun’s luminosity by 10% over the current level doesn’t sound like a whole lot, but this small change in our star’s brightness will be pretty catastrophic for our planet. This change is a sufficient increase in energy to change the location of the habitable zone around our star. The habitable zone is defined as the range of distances away from any given star where liquid water can be stable on the surface of a planet.

With a 10% increase of brightness from our star, the Earth will no longer be within the habitable zone. This will mark the beginning of the evaporation of our oceans. By the time the sun stops burning hydrogen in its core, Mars will be in the habitable zone, and the Earth will be much too hot to maintain water on its surface.

Uncertain models

This 10% increase in the sun’s brightness, triggering the evaporation of our oceans, will occur over the next billion years or so. Predictions of exactly how rapidly this process will unfold depend on who you talk to. Most models suggest that as the oceans evaporate, more and more water will be present in the atmosphere instead of on the surface. This will act as a greenhouse gas, trapping even more heat and causing more and more of the oceans to evaporate, until the ground is mostly dry and the atmosphere holds the water, but at an extremely high temperature.

As the atmosphere saturates with water, the water held in the highest parts of our atmosphere will be bombarded by high energy light from the sun, which will split apart the molecules and allow the water to escape as hydrogen and oxygen, eventually bleeding the Earth dry of water.

Where the models differ is on the speed with which the earth reaches this point of no return. Some suggest that the Earth will become inhospitable before the 1 billion year mark, since the interactions between the heating planet and the rocks, oceans, and plate tectonics will dry out the planet even faster. Others suggest that life may be able to hold on a little longer than 1 billion years, due to the different requirements of different life forms and periodic releases of critical chemicals by plate tectonics.

The Earth is a complex system – and no model is perfect. However, it seems likely that we have no more than a billion years left for life to thrive on our planet.

Gulliver’s Travels

Gulliver’s Travels, original title Travels into Several Remote Nations of the World, four-part satirical work by Anglo-Irish author Jonathan Swift, published anonymously in 1726 as Travels into Several Remote Nations of the World. A keystone of English literature, it was one of the books that gave birth to the novel form, though it did not yet have the rules of the genre as an organizing tool. A parody of the then popular travel narrative, Gulliver’s Travels combines adventure with savage satire, mocking English customs and the politics of the day.

Summary

The book is written in the first person from the point of view of Lemuel Gulliver, a surgeon and sea captain who visits remote regions of the world, and it describes four adventures. In the first one, Gulliver is the only survivor of a shipwreck, and he swims to Lilliput, where he is tied up by people who are less than 6 inches (15 cm) tall. He is then taken to the capital city and eventually released. The Lilliputians indulge in ridiculous customs and petty debates. Political affiliations, for example, are divided between men who wear high-heeled shoes (symbolic of the English Tories) and those who wear low ones (representing the English Whigs), and court positions are filled by those who are best at rope dancing. Gulliver is asked to help defend Lilliput against the empire of Blefuscu, with which Lilliput is at war over which end of an egg should be broken, this being a matter of religious doctrine. Gulliver captures Blefuscu’s naval fleet, thus preventing an invasion, but declines to assist the emperor of Lilliput in conquering Blefuscu. Later Gulliver extinguishes a fire in the royal palace by urinating on it. Eventually he falls out of favour and is sentenced to be blinded and starved. He flees to Blefuscu, where he finds a normal-size boat and is thus able to return to England.

Gulliver’s second voyage takes him to Brobdingnag, inhabited by a race of giants. A farm worker finds Gulliver and delivers him to the farm owner. The farmer begins exhibiting Gulliver for money, and the farmer’s young daughter, Glumdalclitch, takes care of him. One day the queen orders the farmer to bring Gulliver to her, and she purchases Gulliver. He becomes a favourite at court, though the king reacts with contempt when Gulliver recounts the splendid achievements of his own civilization. The king responds to Gulliver’s description of the government and history of England by concluding that the English must be a race of “odious vermin.” Gulliver offers to make gunpowder and cannon for the king, but the king is horrified by the thought of such weaponry. Eventually Gulliver is picked up by an eagle and then rescued at sea by people of his own size.

On Gulliver’s third voyage he is set adrift by pirates and eventually ends up on the flying island of Laputa. The people of Laputa all have one eye pointing inward and the other upward, and they are so lost in thought that they must be reminded to pay attention to the world around them. Though they are greatly concerned with mathematics and with music, they have no practical applications for their learning. Laputa is the home of the king of Balnibarbri, the continent below it. Gulliver is permitted to leave the island and visit Lagado, the capital city of Balnibarbri. He finds the farm fields in ruin and the people living in apparent squalor. Gulliver’s host explains that the inhabitants follow the prescriptions of a learned academy in the city, where the scientists undertake such wholly impractical projects as extracting sunbeams from cucumbers. Later Gulliver visits Glubbdubdrib, the island of sorcerers, and there he speaks with great men of the past and learns from them the lies of history. In the kingdom of Luggnagg he meets the struldbrugs, who are immortal but age as though they were mortal and are thus miserable. From Luggnagg he is able to sail to Japan and thence back to England.

In the extremely bitter fourth part, Gulliver visits the land of the Houyhnhnms, a race of intelligent horses who are cleaner and more rational, communal, and benevolent (they have, most tellingly, no words for deception or evil) than the brutish, filthy, greedy, and degenerate humanoid race called Yahoos, some of whom they have tamed—an ironic twist on the human-beast relationship. The Houyhnhnms are very curious about Gulliver, who seems to be both a Yahoo and civilized, but, after Gulliver describes his country and its history to the master Houyhnhnm, the Houyhnhnm concludes that the people of England are not more reasonable than the Yahoos. At last it is decided that Gulliver must leave the Houyhnhnms. Gulliver then returns to England, so disgusted with humanity that he avoids his family and buys horses and converses with them instead.

Swami Vivekananda and professor

When swami vivekananda was studying law at University College,london. A white professor disliked him intensely.
One day, professor was having lunch in dining room,just then swami vivekananda came along with his tray and sit next to professor.

Professor trying to insult said to Swami,”Mr.vivekananda a pig and a bird do not sit together”.

Vivekananda ji looked at him and quitely replied,”Don’t worry professor.l will fly away”and on saying it Swami ji get up and sat on another table.

Professor was reddened with rage and wanted to take revenge.

Next day,in class professor posed a question to Swami Vivekananda,”If you are walking down the street and found a package,within which there was a bag of wisdom and the bag of money and you can take one”.Then would you take?

Without hesitation swami vivekananda ji replied “The one with a money,of course”.
Professor smiled sacriastically and said,”if I was in your place I would have taken the bag with wisdom”
Swami Vivekananda shrugged and responded “Each one takes what he doesn’t have”.

Professor was angered by this. So angered When he saw swami ji’s answer sheet.he didn’t evaluate it and just wrote idiot on it and gave it to Swami ji.

Vivekananda took the answer sheet and sat on his desk.

After a few minutes Swami ji get up and went to professor and told him in dignified polite tone ,”professor you signed my answer sheet and forgot to give grade”.

Ratha Yatra – A Journey of Faith

Jagannathdham,Puri is the ultimate destination of pilgrims. Rath Yatra features a lot of importance in Hinduism. This is organized from the Jagannath Temple in Puri, Odisha. According to the Hindu calendar, Rath Yatra takes place per annum on the second day of Shukla Paksha within the month of Ashadha.

This Rath Yatra of Puri may be a symbol of harmony, brotherhood and unity. Thousands of devotees come here from different corners of the country to require part during this yatra and obtain good luck by pulling the chariot of the Lord. It is said that whoever participates within the Rath Yatra, gets all types of happiness and prosperity.
The nine day annual grandeur: RATHA YATRA is known to attract millions of devotees from across the globe to Puri Dham of Lord Jagannath.Procession of the architectural marvels of the three chariots –The Nandighosha of Sri Jaganath,The Darpadalana of Devi Shubhadra and The Taladhwaja of Lord Balabhadra would have been pulled by millions from badadanda/the grand road to Gundicha temple.
The three chariots of Lord Jagannath, Lord Balabhadra and Lord Subhdra are newly constructed every year with wood of specified trees like phassi, dhausa, etc. They are customarily brought from the ex-princely state of Dasapalla by a specialist team of carpenters who have hereditary rights and privileges for an equivalent. The logs are traditionally set afloat as rafts within the river Mahanadi. These are collected near Puri then transported by road. The three chariots are decorated as per the unique scheme prescribed and followed for centuries stand on the Bada Danda, the Grand Avenue. The chariots are lined across the wide avenue ahead of the temple on the brink of its eastern entrance, which is additionally referred to as the Sinhadwara or the Lion’s Gate.Around each of the chariots are nine Parsva devatas, painted wooden images representing different deities on the chariots’ sides. Each chariot features a charioteer (Sarathi) and 4 horses.
In the current time, not more than 500 persons including temple officers and police.The complete Mahostav was live streamed across national media for the devotes to observe all the rituals.With devotees barred from taking part in the festivities owing to the pandemic for the second successive year and the supreme court upholding the state government’s ban on conducting the rath yatra anywhere other than puri.However, while usually tourists throng the temple premises during the festival, this year, due to the Covid-19 restrictions, no devotees were allowed during the much awaited Rath Yatra, whilst Lord Jagannath is that the one among the principal deities within the state of Odisha. Moreover, the chariot pullers who participated within the procession are tested negative for COVID-19 with the assistance of an RT-PCT test, and have also been fully vaccinated, the officials said. Apart from this, the Lord Jagannath Temple administration in Puri said that about 1,000 officials, aside from police personnel, were deployed.

A few tips to help relieve your period cramps

No one likes getting their periods. It comes with a lot of mood swings, bloating, cramps, and the will to die. Growing up, I have always searched for ways on how to make my period cycle less painful. I am here to share a few things that made me feel better. But every woman goes through different levels of pain. These might not work for all of them. But giving them a try would definitely make you feel better.

Get moving: When we are menstruating, we obviously don’t feel like getting up from our bed. But, exercising does release endorphins which help block pain receptors. Even taking a walk can be very helpful. I remember in lockdown when I would not really move so much. I had faced the worst cramps so, trust me moving does help.

Yoga: There are yoga poses you can try depending on which body part your cramps are at. You can always look up the internet to see what yoga pose would help relieve your cramp. Yoga does not even require you to move.

Stay hydrated: we are more dehydrated during our periods which leads to more cramps. So, it is best to increase our intake of water. It will also help reduce bloating. If you are not fond of the taste of water, you can try drinking fruit-infused water. You can also try eating water-based fruits such as cucumber and watermelon.

Do not skip meals: during our period, we often don’t feel hungry because we are already bloated. But skipping meals only makes it worse. We can then experience abdominal cramps.

Resting: during our cycle, we are more tired. So having a good sleep is very important. Sleeping will also make you feel well-rested. 

Avoiding a few foods: caffeine, alcohol, excess salty and, fatty food will make your cramps worse. So, you might want to skip on that. For all the people who cannot start their day without a morning coffee, you can try drinking ginger tea instead. I know it is not the best substitute, but ginger helps soothe muscles.

A few foods you can enjoy during your cycle:

Dark chocolates: This is by far my favorite tip because I love dark chocolates. Dark chocolates are a great source of iron, potassium, and magnesium. We must also avoid sugary food during our periods as it makes matters worse, so eating dark chocolate might help.

Banana: they are rich in potassium, and they help avoid bloating. I always eat bananas during my periods.

Leafy green vegetables: I personally do not like green leafy vegetables, but they do help in relieving cramps. What I like doing instead is drinking a green juice that has kale, spinach, lemon, ginger, and lettuce. It surprisingly does not taste bad.

Fruits: fruits are rich in all the vitamins that our body needs during our cycle. They can also help prevent your sugar cravings. If you crave ice cream. You can always try eating frozen fruits with dark chocolate syrups. It is tasty and fun to eat. You can also try dipping fruits in nut butter. Nut butter is also a great source of protein.

I know these tips seem like a lot of work because all we want to do is eat, sleep and eat junk food during our cycle. But, I try to avoid the foods that would make my cramps worse. I’d rather eat healthily and follow these tips than suffer in pain. So, you can give these tips a try.

R software

What is R Software?
R may be a artificial language and free package developed by Ross Ihaka and Henry Martyn Robert Gentleman in 1993. R possesses an in depth catalog of applied math and graphical ways. It includes machine learning algorithms, statistical regression, statistic, applied math illation to call some. Most of the R libraries area unit written in R, except for serious procedure tasks, C, C++ and algebraic language codes area unit most popular.

R isn’t solely entrusted by educational, however several massive firms conjointly use R artificial language, as well as Uber, Google, Airbnb, Facebook and then on.

Data analysis with R is finished during a series of steps; programming, reworking, discovering, modeling and communicate the results

Program: R may be a clear and accessible programming tool
Transform: R is formed from a set of libraries designed specifically for knowledge science
Discover: Investigate the information, refine your hypothesis and analyze them
Model: R provides a good array of tools to capture the proper model for your knowledge
Communicate: Integrate codes, graphs, and outputs to a report with R Markdown or build Shiny apps to share with the globe

What is R used for?
Statistical illation
Data analysis
Machine learning algorithmic program


R by business
If we have a tendency to break down the utilization of R by business, we have a tendency to see that teachers return initial. R may be a language to try to to data point. R is that the initial alternative within the care business, followed by government and consulting.

R package
The primary uses of R is and can perpetually be, statistic, mental image, and machine learning. the image below shows that R package got the foremost queries in Stack Overflow. within the prime ten, most of them area unit associated with the work flow of {a knowledge|a knowledge|an information} scientist: data preparation and communicate the results.
All the libraries of R, almost 12k, area unit hold on in volume unit. volume unit may be a free and open supply. you’ll transfer and use the various libraries to perform Machine Learning or statistic analysis.

Communicate with R
R has multiple ways in which to gift and share work, either through a markdown document or a shiny app. Everything will be hosted in Rpub, GitHub or the business’s web site.

Below is AN example of a presentation hosted on Rpub
Why use R?

Data science is shaping the means firms run their businesses. while not a doubt, staying far from AI and Machine can lead the corporate to fail. the massive question is that tool/language must you use?

They are many tools obtainable within the market to perform knowledge analysis. Learning a brand new language needs your time investment. the image below depicts the educational curve compared to the business capability a language offers. The negative relationship implies that there’s no gift. If you would like to administer the most effective insight from the information, then you wish to pay your time learning the acceptable tool, which is R.

On the highest left of the graph, you’ll see surpass and PowerBI. These 2 tools area unit straightforward to be told however do not supply outstanding business capability, particularly in term of modeling. within the middle, you’ll see Python and SAS. SAS may be a dedicated tool to run a applied math analysis for business, however it’s not free. SAS may be a click and run package. Python, however, may be a language with an ordinary learning curve. Python may be a fantastic tool to deploy Machine Learning and AI however lacks communication options. With a standardized learning curve, R may be a sensible trade-off between implementation and knowledge analysis.

When it involves knowledge mental image (DataViz), you’d in all probability detected regarding Tableau. Tableau is, while not a doubt, an excellent tool to find patterns through graphs and charts. Besides, learning Tableau isn’t long. One massive downside with knowledge mental image is you would possibly find yourself ne’er finding a pattern or simply produce many useless charts. Tableau may be a sensible tool for fast mental image of the information or Business Intelligence. once it involves statistics and decision-making tool, R is a lot of acceptable.

Stack Overflow may be a massive community for programming languages. If you’ve got a writing issue or got to perceive a model, Stack Overflow is here to assist. Over the year, the proportion of question-views has accumulated sharply for R compared to the opposite languages. This trend is in fact extremely correlative with the booming age of knowledge science however, it reflects the demand of R language for knowledge science.

In knowledge science, there area unit 2 tools competitory with one another. R and Python area unit in all probability the artificial language that defines knowledge science

A masterpiece

We are mesmerized by many paintings like the Monalisa by Leonard Da Vinci, The Starry Night by Vincent van Gogh but there is a masterpiece which is less popular than it should be which is a wondrous creation of one of the finest Indian artist.


‘ Glow of Hope’ a painting by S L Haldankar, untitled as a woman with a lamp.

Sawlaram Lakshman Haldankar(S.L Haldankar) was born family from Sawantwadi, which was a princely state now located in Maharashtra, in the year 1882. He showed early talent which was noticed by the headmaster of Sawantwasdi School, the headmaster recommended him to the raja of the state later he was given the scholarship to follow his passion. He completed his graduation from J.J School of Arts, got a job in the same institution, in 1908 he left the institute he founded Haldankar’s Fine Arts Institute in Bombay (Mumbai), later with his other friends he founded the Art School of India in 1918.
In years 1910 and 1927 He was awarded twice the commendation
certificates by the Royal Society of British Artists, London, plus in 1932 the Governor’s Prize by the British Government of Bombay Presidency, after independence he was felicitated by the President of India, Dr.Rajendra Prasad, as he was felicitated as a fellow of
the Lalit Kala Academy, New Delhi.
He was ranked as one of the three finest watercolorists in the world, in an Italian Encyclopedia.
His creation was showcased in prominent museums like the Prince of Wales Museum(Mumbai), National Gallery of Modern Art (Mumbai), Moscow Academy of Art(Russia) so as.

About his personal life, he got married at a very young age and was blessed with seven children, Four sons, and Three Daughters.
His best creation he was famous for the ‘Glow of Hope’ a painting
of a lady with a lamp, the woman on that painting was none other than Hladankar’s third daughter Gita, the idea of this painting was conceived during Diwali when he saw Gita wearing a beautiful saree holding a lamp covering it with her hand from the wind from blowing it out, the rays of the candle radiated from the gap within her fingers and it also illuminated her face, she has to hold that lamp for continuously 3 hours for his father so that he can complete his painting, he used watercolor in a handmade paper, as he wanted to prove that he can complete the painting in single go without a mistake, as mistakes with oil paints can be corrected. Each segment of this painting signifies somethings like the lavender color of the saree stand for grace and the gold for royal touch, and women in saree represent grace, feminity, and natural beauty.

It was painted between 1945-46, the painting Glow of hope’ is currently exhibited in Jaganmohan Palace in Mysore, Karnataka. the beauty of the painting can be defined more when we see it once in real.

Globalisation and us!

In a world that is continually becoming borderless as days pass has made me question ‘Am I also being a part of it? Yes indeed, as a student or as a human being living in this world, I also play a significant role in it. Being able to study in a global university itself collaborating with the highest standards and with global perspectives is one of the examples that I can give. In this global village, education will always serve as the foundation of global stability. The phenomenon of globalization has widened, deepened, and speeded up global interdependence creating a borderless world. This has resulted in the large-scale movement of people, goods, services all across the world, exchanging ideas and cultural mixing.

The idea of getting interconnected globally really did catch my attention. The reasons I can put forth be that ‘will these 7.8 billion people get benefitted equally’ or can they all contribute to the phenomenon?

People knowingly or unknowingly become a part of it. It is hard to believe that I also became a part of it unknowingly at the age where I barely knew a term like globalization existed. Because never thought H&M jeans or the mobile phones designed in California and made in china were imported to the markets as a part of Globalization.

The concept of globalization is described rather than defining because it is a new way of thinking however, it does not mean the same for everyone. For some, globalization is a process of opening up economies so that trade between countries takes place freely. Thus, expanding opportunities for nations and benefitting workers in poor and rich countries alike. This brings positive benefits for consumers helping to increase their choice, drive down prices, improve services and create new jobs and opportunities. Globalization can therefore be a positive force that brings change that has the potential to raise the standard of living and drive economies forward.

For others, it is like digging more of their poverty-stricken life, widening the disparity between the rich and the poor within the countries.

“God has given me the opportunity to do this and he has also given me the responsibility to deliver.” said by Sonu Sood, An Epitome of Humanity

Sonu Sood, the name which has ruled during the pandemic and took the internet by storm. A small-town guy hailing from Moga, Punjab who believed in his hard work and had no godfather he took a leap of faith and entered the film industry. Over the years, he has been known for his acting and his fitness regime little did the world know that he would be given a title of a “Messiah” and will be conferred with Special Humanitarian award by United Nations Development programme (UNDP) for his philanthropic contributions during the coronavirus.

Image

The engineer turned actor who has worked in a number of regional films has won Andhra Pradesh Nandi Award for the best villain and Filmfare award back in 2009. In the year 2010, he got Apsara Award for the best negative role for his movie Dabangg. In 2016, he fulfilled his dream of establishing his own production house called “Shakti Sagar Productions” which is named after his father.

 In the past year, when the world was in lockdown, he did the most heroic act being in a global pandemic. Initially he used to distribute food among the under-privileged until a wage worker asked him to pack food for him for seven to eight days as he had to walk all they way to his hometown with his kids and pregnant wife. The actor asked the worker to give him two days. After a few weeks, he was all over the news and became an overnight sensation for his humanitarian service. 

Toll Free Helpline For Migrant Workers: Actor Sonu Sood Launches Toll Free Helpline For Migrant Workers

He had lent his hands to nearly thousands of families of migrant workers, this popular initiative was known as #gharbhejo with his friend Neeti Goel. Initially he used to have granted help to thousands of people to return to their home states. He had arranged buses and trains for their travel and also provided them with financial support. As the medical staff members of hospitals had to deal with corona patients on a daily basis many used to live far away from their homes and hometowns, He took a charge to open his Juhu Hotel in Mumbai for them to stay which was free of cost. The pandemic had led to most industries and businesses, shutting down which resulted to unemployment and food insecurities. But the most affected people were the ones working in informal sector they were struggling to obtain three meals per day, the actor took this into consideration and launched Shakti Annadaman, keeping an objective of feeding over 45,000 every day in Mumbai. The lockdown also made it difficult to commute to their hometowns and many took a decision to set their journeys on foot, some attempted to walk over 1,100 kilometers in the hope of reaching to a safer place, Sonu Sood has been a migrant himself and he could empathize with the people not being able to return to their families and homes, he began to coordinate with Maharashtra and Karnataka Governments to arrange busses for them.

On his 47th birthday, he created an app called “Pravasi Rojgar” to provide opportunities for employment to many workers who have lost their daily source of bread and butter.  The idea was to built an app which aimed at connecting the job searchers to people who provide jobs, companies like Amazon, Trident, Sodexo, Portea and Urban co. are a few of them. The frontline workers who are the police and doctors have been given 1,500 PPE kits to paramedics across the state of Punjab and the foundation has donated over 25,000 face shields Mumbai Police.

sonu sood (@SonuSood) | Twitter

He has proved that kindness will always take over anything. He has managed to touch so many lives that a number of workers have named their kids after him and has been called as their “God”. He taught as that the ultimate happiness comes from giving!

The Handmaid’s Tale – A Terrifying dystopian Novel

As readers, we travel through many stories and live in those unrealistic worlds that make us feel more realistic the way it is written, some stories imprint in readers’ minds, and some of these imprints in a writer’s mind. However “Handmaid’s Tale” is a novel that is a tormented dystopian story and a novel that kept the readers in an Appalling state throughout the story.

The Gileadean Era: A Foundation intended for the destruction of Humans.

This particular Novel is a dystopian novel that begins with the creation of the “Republic of Gilead” which is formed by a political group namely, the Sons of Jacob which tries to suppress the people of the USA by a strict but environment which is not less than a hell.

The Handmaid’s Tale is a perfect example of How hell would look like if it’s situated on earth. The Gilead Regime is a perfect example of how humans can be hazardous to each other and how they can create a place of agony by being inhuman towards each other and take all rights from the people who are less powerful than them.

This novel is not just about Marxist Feminism,  it is not even feminism, it is a  novel which talks about suppressing humans who are fragile and powerless and taking away the Right to Speak and Right to express themselves, but this novel is also about how religion is misused against the humans and haunt them in the name of Almighty.

“My Name isn’t Offred. I have another name, which nobody uses now because it’s forbidden. I tell myself it doesn’t matter, your name is like your telephone number useful only to others, but what I tell myself is wrong, it does matter. I kept the knowledge of this name like something hidden, some treasure I’ll come back to dig up, one day.”

– The Handmaid’s Tale

A very Important quote highlighting the crux of the novel in these lines is beautifully written by the author who explains to us about the protagonist of the story: June Osborne who was forcibly turned into Offred who was a mere Handmaid of a commander.

This quote draws us the image that how a person loses their identity when their name is taken away from them. It is the very weird fact that we as a human never use our word, but when someone takes our names from us ultimately, we even lose our identity and our real self-fades away with the spark of our name.

The very same situation happened with June and other women whose names were taken away from them and in return, they were made as Handmaids or we can say a sexual pleasure for their following commanders.

As mentioned in the “Historical Notes” of the novel where Dr. Piexoto explains to the readers that this novel is a transcript of a tape recording which portrays us that the whole novel is written with the perception of an imaginary Character named Offred/June.

Gilead has proved that even advanced technology fails in front of religion. This is a very controversial line that even can hurt people’s sentiments. Gilead abused the people by giving them physical, mental and emotional torcher and treated them as an object for satisfying their pleasure.

A Dystopian story that breaks all norms of society –

If you dig into the story, then “The Handmaid’s Tale” is a dystopian novel that is not one element centric novel, but a novel that has divergent themes and elements. The Protagonist of the story, Offred tells the novel with her viewpoint as a form of a tale where she talks about her sufferings in a form of nostalgia and this novel keeps the reader in curiosity through the suspense drawn in the novel. the story has a nostalgia within a nostalgia. Offred living in a hell called “The Republic of Gilead” makes her a fragile woman cause of the injustice she and other women goes through. The sufferings made her a different person as such she came to a state where she was accustomed to be living like a handmaid and for her freedom was never a word to be dreamt of.

She explains to us how not only women but people who belong to other genders were treated like slaves by the patriarchal society. The author shows us that the patriarch society crossed all the boundaries to break down humanity from the regime and The commander’s wives, the aunts, Martha’s, all were like puppets under this awful patriarch world.

When Humankind is lost, it’s the end of Humanity!

There are many segments of the novel which describe to us the real picture of  Gilead and how people in this place are humans but are apathetic towards each other. Gilead is a place where things like emotions, respect, pity don’t exist rather is invisible in this hell-like place.

These handmaids are not allowed to do anything of their own choice as such; going out alone, shopping, watching movies, reading magazines, roaming around the streets, and even having their real names are forbidden in this place. Offred reminiscent of her went days when she was an editor, wife, and a mother and lived a bustling life but in peace. Her freedom is taken away and her bustling life is turned into a life that is just a nightmare for every day.

However now she just has to be fruitful to bear fruits and complete the Procreation ceremony, which is a holy custom for the Gilead community but is merely a form of rape that all handmaids go through. “The Rachel and Leah center “also unofficially known as the “Red Centre” is a cell for those handmaids who disobeyed the law and are followed through the punishment which is a form of clearing mistakes of the young handmaids by making them perfect in the eyes of almighty to bear the seeds planted by the commanders according to the aunts.

In Gilead everything was uncanny, love was substituted with lust, Humans were like slaves, those genders who were not under the category of male and female were sent to “The Colonies” which was not less than a concentration camp that ultimately brings death towards them.

Yet offered never lost hope and always protected herself from the devastation and chose many paths to get over from this hell. Later in the story, we see that his beloved “Nick” who was assumed to be the part of “The eyes” helped him to get out of the regime but in the end, they failed to do so.

We can conclude that; this sci-fi dystopian novel was terrifying at all levels which can devastate human minds. It shows that a sinister human can reach any level of madness and destroy each other by being greedy and sinful.

“You see, Humans are always egoist and sometimes they destroy themselves in search of satisfying themselves with worldly pleasures.”

Vitamins

Vitamins and minerals are very important for everyone to be fitter and healthier. It is very important to consume the food which is rich in vitamins and minerals. And there are many side effects of not consuming vitamins and minerals like vitamin deficiency. Vitamins and minerals are good source of energy.

Nutrients are very important to consume and have good cause. An individual must prefer nutritious food than the junk food. It is very important to eat the fruits and vegetables rather than eating the high calorie food.

Many of the people does not include those fruits and vegetables in their diet. When they do not include the fruits and vegetables it leads to the malnutrition sometimes.

Types of vitamins :

There are 13 essential vitamins. They are vitamins A,C,D,E,K, and the B vitamins (thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, pantothenic acid , biotin,B6, B12, and folate). Vitamins have different jobs to help keep the body working properly. Some vitamins help you resist infections and keep your nerves healthy, while others may help your body get energy from food or help your blood clot properly.

Food sources :

* vitaminD from fatty fish, fish liver oils, fortified milk products, and fortified cereals.

* vitamin B12 from meat, fish, poultry milk, and fortified breakfast cereals. Some people over age 50 have trouble absorbing the vitamin B12 found naturally in foods. They may need to take vitamin B12 supplements and eat foods fortified with this vitamin.

* calcium is a mineral that is important for strong bones and teeth, so there are special recommendations for older people who are at risk for bone lkss. You can get calicium from milk and other dairy, some forms of tofu, dark green leafy vegetables, soyabeans, canned sardines and salmon with bones, and calcium – fortified foods.

* Magnesium is found in foods containing dietary fiber, such as green leafy vegetables, whole grains, legumes, and nuts and seeds. Breakfast cereals and other fortified foods often have added magnesium. It is also present in tap, mineral, or bottled drinking water.

* pottasium is found in fruits, vegetables, meat, and dairy foods. Foods high in potassium include dried apricots, lentils and potatoes. Adults get a lot of their potassium from milk, coffee , tea and other nonalcoholic beverages.

* preparing your own meals at home without using a lot of processed foods or salts will allow you to control how much sodium you get.

* vitamin B6 is found in a wide variety of foods . The richest sources of vitamin B6 include fish, beef liver, potatoes and other starchy vegetables, and fruit ( other than citrus).

* vitamin A can be found in products such as eggs and milk. It can also be found in vegetables and fruits, like carrots and mangoes.

* vitamin C is found in some of the best fruits and vegetables. Citrus fruits, tomatoes, and potatoes can be large source of vitaminC

* vitamin E can be found in nuts like peanuts and almonds and can be found in vegetable oils, too. It can also be found in green vegetables, like broccoli and spinach.

* vitamin B1 in meat- especially pork- and fish. It’s also in whole grains and some fortified breads, cereals, and pastas.

* vitamin B2 in eggs and organ meat, such as liver and kidneys, and lean meat. It is found in green vegetables, like asparagus and broccoil.

* vitamin B3 can be found in some types of nuts, legumes, and grains. It can also be found in poultry , beef, and fish.

* vitamin K can be found in many foods including green leafy vegetables, like spinach and kale and in some fruits, such as blueberries and figs . It can also be found in cheese, eggs and different meats.

* Folate can be found in vegetables and fruit, such as broccoli brussel sprouts, spinach, and oranges. It can also be found in nuts ,

Most of the teenagers consume junk food instead of eating the healthy food that is the fruits and vegetables. The junk food contain some preservatives in it and they’re also rich in fats and carbohydrates which are not so good. Doing a mistake is acceptable but doing the mistake even after knowing the truth is a bad one. So, all the teenagers must know the need of the situation and must bring the awareness among the people who are addicted to the junk food. They must motivate the people who are in it all the time.

This is not the way to end life.

If anybody is reading what I am about to say, please your life is important this is not the way.
Now a days, now and then I find posts about people committed suicides, which is very disheartening to see.
I wonder what happened to our generation, why they are running away from their lives.
“Suicide is a permanent solution to a temporary problem, It doesn’t end the pain it just passes it on to your loved ones.”
Please take positive action, reach out for help from loved ones, save your life.

What to Bring to a Job Interview

Job Interview is the most crucial phase of a person’s life. It is one step towards your success in life. If you are here, that means you probably applied for a job and now you have got a callback. So don’t worry, you have come to the right place. Here you will find absolutely everything you need to know about preparing for an interview. Once you have made up your mind about the interview, then there’s only one thing you have to take care of, that is, a list of essentials to take with you.

The first step towards preparing for an interview is to make a checklist of all the essential items you have to bring to the interview. Don’t panic. Just take a deep breath and leave this tension on us. We will clear all your doubts and you can go ace your interview. We might need a Thank you note afterwards ! Anyways, the most important thing is your confidence. Then comes your A-game. Other than these there are a few things which are shown below. So to make the employers pleasantly surprised, check out our fully detailed and updated list of what you need to bring to your interview. Come on let’s have a look and dive straight into the main points.

Photo by Sora Shimazaki on Pexels.com

What to bring to a job interview ?

You don’t want to make a fool of yourself if you show up half prepared for your interview. So we are here to help you with that. Here are some items listed below. Use this list to make sure you are fully prepared for your big day.

  1. Folder – There are many documents and papers you need to carry to the interview. So a  folder is an organized way to do that. You can store all the necessary documents in the folder. Plus you will have an easy access to your documents when needed.
  2. Copies of your resume – You should carry at least 5 copies of your resume. It will ensure that you have a resume for every employer you meet. Keep them safe, otherwise you’ll lose them. Keep them in the folder so they don’t wrinkle or bend. And it certainly won’t hurt to print a copy to keep for yourself. Would it ?
  3. Copies of your cover letter – Keep at least 5 copies of your cover letter. Bring them in the folder to ensure that they are safe from bending and you have easy access to them. One for you and others for all the employers you meet. It will be helpful, trust us on this one ! It will also be helpful in case one gets misplaced.
  4. Portfolio or your Work samples – Your portfolio is the most crucial and promising step ahead to you securing the job. Your work samples should be neatly maintained and are required to be perfect for the level of the job. The portfolio will be the best option to showcase your talents and what you have achieved in the past. It also helps the employer in finding your true potential and increases your chances of getting the job. The hiring manager always goes for the portfolio first. Keep it in the folder to have easy access to it when needed.
  5. A notepad and a pen – You should absolutely carry a notepad to write down the names, the company’s information and of course to note down what the employer has to say. Maybe try to catch up on the important information you get. But don’t take so many notes that you forget to make eye contact. That will not be a good impression and will show you as incompetent. Make sure to carry more than one pen so you have an extra if one runs out of ink. Don’t forget to first ask for permission from the employer to take notes.
  6. A list of references – Now, even if you are going well with the interview, a list of references will be a good addition to the list of things you need to carry with you. The employer might ask you for references anytime during the interview. So it will be good to be prepared for this hurdle beforehand. Think of all the people who could vouch for you and maybe put in good word for you to the hiring manager. Make sure to include the contact information with the details of your references. But don’t worry if you are not much experienced or don’t have any references to list down. Any former teachers will also make a pretty good reference. Just don’t list down your family members or friends. That will surely be the embarrassing highlight of the day.
  7. A bag or a briefcase – Carry a briefcase so it looks professional and you have a great first impression on the employer. It will help you carry all the items easily to the location. You should organize the items and documents in a proper manner so that they are easily accessible to you when needed. You don’t want to look like you can’t even handle your things. Pages dropping out of your hand will not look good. Now, would it ?
  8. Identification proof or Photo ID – Of course this is a very common thing to remember to take anywhere. Nut we thought it might be beneficial for you to remember to take it with you for your big day ahead. You don’t want to lose a probable job because you forgot your photo id. That would be depressing but don’t stress, we are here to remind you. Taking your identification with you will be good and will look professional. It may also earn you more points on the employers priority list of selection for the job. And plus you might need it to get through the security outside of the building.
  9. Talking points – You might want to add this also to your list. These should basically be the summary of your experience in bullet points. Points will be easy to glance at once before the big meeting. It will also boost your confidence and keep you out of stress. These points can be your specific skills that you might want to put light on in front of the employer. And most importantly your accomplishments should be surely mentioned so that you remember to review them before the meeting and you don’t forget to tell all about them.
  10. Questions for the Hiring Manager – These are the questions for you to ask the hiring manager. Any queries you have regarding the job can be written down on a paper and asked during or after the interview. These questions may also be regarding any company policies you need to clarify about. You can ask about the position you are applying for. But remember, do not ask for the salary details. It might cast a bad light on you in front of the manager. At least wait until he / she brings it up himself / herself. And remember to be specific in your questions and of course, ask in a professional manner to make a good impression. The questions should be valid and easily understandable to the employer. They should be good and relevant enough to make you stand out from the other applicants.
  11. Travel directions to the interview – You should absolutely carry the travel directions to the building you are suppose to go to. You certainly don’t want to get lost in the middle of no where. Do you ? So better carry a print out of the directions to the company building. It will of course be helpful if you are going in a new city for the interview or travelling first time to the area. And getting lost might get you late for the meeting. It could also cost you the chance to work in the company. After all your hard work and preparation, you don’t want to get late because of unexpected delays and interruptions that might get in your way. So it is better to be prepared before hand. And even after planning your schedule 10 – 15 minutes early, you are still running late then you should definitely inform the office or the employer.
  12. Contact information – You should have the contact information of the employer as well as the front desk of the company you are going to. In case you are running late or any other interruption has entered your way, then you can easily get in touch with them and maybe they will understand. But good luck with that ! Mostly the hiring managers don’t consider any issues but you can always hope for better. However, it is better to make sure you reach to the building on time.
  13. Business cards – They may not be necessary but are certainly a good addition to the list. They can be eye catching and helpful for increasing your chances of getting the job. It is only because the hiring manager may find you smart and more experienced if you show a business card. It depicts you as a more professional candidate for the job. They might also be helpful in providing your contact information to the employer. Business cards are just a piece of paper to store your information in a concise form and in a single place.
Photo by Sora Shimazaki on Pexels.com

What else you should carry with you ?

Well, there are a lot of other things that you need to keep in mind while preparing for an interview. They are not things to carry to the meeting, but rather some personality traits or may we say, a professional persona. Here, come on we will have a look at them.

  1. Positive mind – You need to remind yourself that you have worked so hard for this job and now this is where it all comes comes together. You need to keep a positive mind going into the big meeting. Do not stress or have doubts about the job just before the interview. It can destroy all your hard work that you put into it. You just need some positive vibes around you to keep you all ready to go and ace the interview. Believe in yourself and there it is. You did it. You will get through it with flying colors.
  2. Confidence – Now the next is confidence. Well all of us know that this is the most important and required component of your list. Remember, do not get nervous. Do not get cold feet at the last minute. It will ruin your preparation and afterwards you will feed bad and regret not being confident enough. But of course, you know there is a fine line between being fully mentally prepared and being overconfident. Do not in whatever circumstances, cross that line. More than anything else, being overconfident will surely almost drop your chances of getting the job.
  3. A professional outfit – Your first impression will be taken on how you look. It is very important for you to look absolutely professional. You need to set a work outfit for your big meeting with the employer. A suit with formal shoes and well trimmed hair should be a nice and presentable attire for men. And as for women, a shirt with trousers or maybe work skirts paired with nice pair of heels or shoes. These are just our suggestions for you, but it totally depends on what you have on your mind. Just remember that your outfit should be neat, presentable and properly ironed. You don’t want the employer to see the wrinkles on your shirt peeking out during your interview ! And one more last tip is that wear what you feel comfortable in but also maintaining the theme of a professional attire.
  4. Practice – All of us have heard that ‘Practice makes a person perfect.’ Haven’t we ? So this applies here too. Practice for the interview in advance. Like practice your communication skills. Maybe practice speaking your questions out loud. Check your confidence level too. Practice enough that you don’t regret afterwards. Search for the common interview questions that are mostly asked and practice answering those questions. And lastly, practice arranging and taking out items from your folder without fumbling.
  5. Attitude – This may sound absurd but it’s not what you think. We are not telling you to go to your interview with a snarky attitude. By this we simply mean that you should have a positive attitude when you go in. You should have hope and faith in yourself that you will ace it and get through certainly.
  6. A well prepared mind – A well prepared mind would be the perfect ingredient for a successful interview. You need to be mentally prepared and healthy while going in. Throw out the self doubts and the low self esteem surfacing your thoughts. Make sure you get a good sleep before the big day. Go get the job with a peaceful mind.
  7. Your A-game – This is a must. You need to bring out your A-game for the interview. Be well prepared. Don’t hesitate. And you will ace it.
  8. A good mood – A good mood will give you a fresh start for the big day. And you will go into the interview with a confident persona. You also won’t be impatient or scared.
  9. A convincing smile – As we know a smile is the key to fit in every where. Stride confidently into the room with your perfect smile. It gets the undivided attention of the hiring manager. A smile also makes the best first impression.
  10. Last minute check ups – The above listed things and extras are enough. But you can also check out these small items necessary for unwanted circumstances. Here it is.
  • Silenced mobile phone – Bring you phone with you but it should be silenced and fully charged. You don’t want to have to be interrupted by a call.
  • Cash – Some cash should be helpful to bring in any case of emergency.
  • Research about the company  – Do a thorough research about the company and the job you are applying to. Maybe about former employees and about the job requirements along with the rules inside the office.
  • Breath mints or floss – They will help you maintain a good oral hygiene during the interview and will make you feel clean.
Photo by Alex Green on Pexels.com

What not to bring to an interview ?

  1. A negative attitude – You don’t want to make a bad first impression. Your negative attitude might do just that. It might put you in a bad light and maybe cost your potential job.
  2. Salary demands – Do not ask about your salary in the interview. It might seem greedy and of course unprofessional. At least not until you are sure of getting the job or the employer brings it up himself / herself.
  3. A companion – Do not at any cost bring yourself a companion. Neither your parents or any guardian, nor any friends. Nobody is needed in the interview room. They might just give you a low confidence because of peer pressure.
  4. Hats or caps – Any type of accessories are not advisable to wear to an interview. They might just be a distraction for the employer during the interview. And in some cases, physical appearance can be a hurdle in the way.
  5. Strong perfume – Wearing strong perfume or cologne in a office might be risky as you never know, someone might have an allergy. It will just add to the distraction.
  6. Food or drinks – You can certainly eat food before or after the interview. You can even celebrate after with some drinks too. But bringing food items inside the building might not be a good idea to impress the employer.
  7. Untidy appearance – Wearing shabby or loose clothes is not a professional work attire. And certainly do not attend the interview with unclean and untidy hair. Again, physical appearance also plays a role in getting you a job.

So, these were the things you need to keep in mind while preparing for your big day. It is a special moment in anyone’s life and you sure don’t want to spoil it. At last we wish you All the Best and hope you come out with flying colors. You enter the room with confidence, and exit it with pride for yourself because you absolutely deserve it. It is important to be aware of what to bring to an interview but it is also necessary to know that what you say during it or the way you act in front of the employer, will have a bigger impact on your chances of getting the job.

Artificial Intelligence

The world has stepped into many engrossing horizons like self driving cars, smart assistants, social media monitoring, disease mapping, automated financial investing and many such persuasive developments. Have you ever wondered what is involved behind such innovative developments? It is certainly the Artificial intelligence. The hype for AI has been accelerated to a great extent to meet the demands of the contemporary world. The term refers to the simulation of human intelligence, induced in machines that are programmed to think and work like humans and pretend their actions as well. The term may also be applied to any machine that exhibits the traits associated with a human mind such as learning, problem solving, speech recognition, decisive making etc. It is a wide range of branch concerned with building smart machines making them capable of performing tasks that typically require human intelligence. Building an AI system is a careful process of reverse-engineering human traits and capabilities in a machine, and using its computational prowess to surpass what we are capable of. AI requires a foundation of specialized hardware and software for writing and training machine learning algorithms.

There are three types Artificial Intelligence

  • Artificial Narrow Intelligence – Specializes in one area and solves one problem.
  • Artificial General Intelligence – Refers to a computer that is as smart as a human across the board.
  • Artificial Super Intelligence – An intellect that is much smarter than the best human brains in practically every field.

The Artificial Intelligence intend to aid human capabilities and help us make advanced decisions with far reaching consequences. It has the potential to help human lives significantly, devoid of hard labor and help manage the complex web of interconnected individuals, companies, states and nations to function in a better way. AI has seamlessly transitioned into our daily lives which we might have failed to notice from music recommendations, map directions, mobile banking to fraud prevention, AI has framed an advanced path. It has made it ways to many sectors from science to agriculture. It has its applications in various fields like retail, shopping and fashion, security and surveillance, sports activities etc. Here are some of the major sectors where AI are implemented for enhancement in the respective fields.

AI powered assistants – It is an application program that understands natural language voice commands and completes tasks for the user. Virtual shopping assistants and chatbots help improves the user experience while shopping online. The assistants have real time engagement with the customers. Amazon’s Alexa is a virtual assistant AI developed by Amazon capable of voice interactions setting alarms, providing weather , traffic, sports and other real time information and similarly so does the Apple’s Siri, Microsoft’s Cortana and so on.

AI in Robotics – Robots powered by AI are used for carrying goods in hospitals, factories and warehouses, cleaning offices and large equipment and inventory management where robots use real time updates to sense obstacles in its path and pre plan its journey instantly.

AI in Healthcare – It is used to build sophisticated machines that can detect diseases and identify cancer cells. It can help chronic conditions with lab and other medical data to ensure early diagnosis and used to identify trends or genetic information that would predispose someone to a particular disease.

AI in agriculture – AI aids in identifying defects and nutrient deficiencies in the soil and also detecting diseases in plants, pests and poor plant nutrition on farms. AI sensors can detect and target weeds and then decide which herbicides to be applied. This is done using computer vision, robotics, and machine learning.

AI in marketing – Using AI marketers can deliver highly targeted and personalized ads with the help of behavioral analysis, pattern recognition etc. It uses technologies to make automated decisions based on data collection, data analysis, and additional observations of audience or economic trends that may impact marketing efforts.

So the benefits of AI are widespread in various spheres. There is always a fine line between the advancements and destructions. There’s always two sides to a coin and so in the AI. There are some of the snags listed below.

  • High cost of implementation
  • If the super intelligence’s goals come to conflict with human values AI poses a risk of human extinction.
  • With human cognitive power we would be able to evolve with age and experience. But it becomes skeptical with the AI machines, it starts to wear and tear with time.
  • We cannot expect creative piece of work from AI’s. Creativity is limited to the persons who program and commands machines.
  • With the rapid development in the sector of AI, it may carry risks of unemployment.

Why javascript is important?

JavaScript is a programming language used primarily by Web browsers to create a dynamic and interactive experience for the user. Most of the functions and applications that make the Internet indispensable to modern life are coded in some form of JavaScript.

The earliest incarnations of JavaScript were developed in the late 1990s for the Netscape Navigator Web browser. At the time, Web pages were static, offering little user interaction beyond clicking links and loading new pages. For the first time, JavaScript enabled animation, adaptive content and form validation on the page.

For many years, JavaScript only functioned on a limited number of browsers. Microsoft’s Internet Explorer, the largest browser base, did not support JavaScript until much later. Instead, Microsoft created its own proprietary client-side script called JScript. In the early days of Web development, programmers who wished to create dynamic websites were often forced to choose one browser family over the other. This was less than ideal because it made the Internet less universally accessible.

JavaScript did not become standardized and widely adopted until 1999. Even after standardization, browser compatibility remained an issue for over a decade.

JavaScript is what is known as a client-side script. Most Web applications, such as a search engine, work because of an interaction between the user’s device (e.g. computer, phone or tablet) and a remote server. The software on the remote server sends information to the client (i.e. the user’s machine) and the software on the client side reads the information and renders a Web page on screen.

A client-side script is a programming language that performs its tasks entirely on the client’s machine and does not need to interact with the server to function. For instance, if you have a Web page loaded on your computer and your Internet service provider goes down, you are still able to interact with the Web pages already loaded on your browser. You will not, however, be able to navigate to new Web pages or access any data located remotely.

Some of the dynamic website enhancements performed by JavaScript are:

  • Autocomplete
  • Loading new content or data onto the page without reloading the page
  • Rollover effects and dropdown menus
  • Animating page elements such as fading, resizing or relocating
  • Playing audio and video
  • Validating input from Web forms
  • Repairing browser compatibility issues

While JavaScript is a client-side language, some of its most powerful features involve asynchronous interaction with a remote server. Asynchronous simply means that JavaScript is able to communicate with the server in the background without interrupting the user interaction taking place in the foreground.

Take a search engine for example. Today, search engines almost all have an autocomplete function. The user begins typing a word into the search box and a list of possible search terms or phrases appears below. The experience is seamless. Suggested search terms appear without reloading the page.

In the background, JavaScript reads the letters as the user types, sends those letters to a remote server and the server sends suggestions back.

The software on the server side analyzes the words and runs algorithms to anticipate the user’s search term. Such programs are diabolically large and complex. The JavaScript on the client’s machine is as simple and small as possible so as not to slow down the user’s interaction. The communication between JavaScript and the server-side program is limited by the user’s bandwidth. This is why developers prioritize efficiency in JavaScript functions and make the amount of data communicated between the programs as small as possible.

Only once the user selects a search term does the entire page reload and produce the search results. Engines such as Google have reduced or eliminated the need to reload, even for that step. They simply produce results using the same asynchronous process.

The future of JavaScript

While JavaScript is not the only client-side scripting language on the Internet, it was one of the first and it is still the most widely used. Many developers believe that JavaScript is inefficient and finicky, so they have made many improvements to the language over the years. Enterprising programmers have created JavaScript libraries – more concise languages constructed from the building blocks of JavaScript that are less complex and can be targeted for specific applications.

For instance, JQuery is a JavaScript library that simplifies and expands many of JavaScript’s animation and interactive functions, while Backbone.js makes responsive design easier.
JavaScript has become integral to the Internet experience as developers build increased interaction and complexity into their applications. Search engines, ecommerce, content management systems, responsive design, social media and phone apps would not be possible without it.