The term depression is quite common these days which is a serious matter of concern. To know the cure we must know what depression is .In simple words depression is mood disorder that causes a persistent feeling of sadness and loss of interest. It can range from mild depression to chronic depression.
According to data published in times of India — 43% of Indians are suffering from depression. Just to think that almost half of the nation is scary and terrifying. This rate is increasing ever since the Covid 19. The feeling of being trapped and difficulty to cope with the situation is pushing people to fall into the pit of depression. Not only this India also accounts for 36.6 % of suicides globally and suicide has surpassed maternal mortality as the leading cause of death is among women and teenage girls aged 15-19 years. It should be noted that depression may not always lead to suicide or suicidal thoughts.
Anyone can be a prey of depression , so it very important to know how to cope up with this overwhelmingly gloomy feeling. So here is certain tips—
1) Journaling – experts say that journaling and writing down your feeling can lift up your mood.
2) Set attainable goods – Instead of trying to do whole work altogether , your should divide your work into small chunks. This will save you from being overwhelmed by the work
3) Creating routine – Having routine set for the next day always helps to control the day you want. This way you will not feel as if everything is out of your hand
4) Listening to music – Research shows music can be a great way to boost your mood and improve symptoms of depression. It may also help to strengthen your reception of positive emotion
5) Being true to your feelings – Always be true to your feelings , never try to deny it. If you feel like seeking the help of expert , go for it, don’t hesitate.
Our world is changing rapidly with the change in technology. We have seen some massive good and bad effects of technology in our lives and society. Social media can be a blessing and a curse depending upon your product, service, and the specific platforms you choose to use. We all are addicted to some social media channels like Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and Snapchat etc. It’s a hard fact that social media has changed our lives in both negative and positive ways.
Positive Impact
We are living in a modern age of internet when no one deny the presence of social media. The world has changed a lot in the last decade or so. After the creation of the Internet, the world has become a global village. Information is accessible everywhere and any time. In earlier days we used to send letters to our friends and family members, and it took days to reach the destination. Now with the blessing of internet we can write emails and send messages through WhatsApp and can communicate with each other without any delay. In this pandemic where Coronavirus has completely changed our way of living, just imagine if there was no internet how we could have survived in this situation. Now somehow with many apps available in the market we were able to minimize the impact of this pandemic and continue our routine work. Classes are conducted online due to which students do not have to waste their time sitting idle at home. Many people have started online start ups , they can sit at their home and work online without going to offices.
Negative Impact
Social media is leaving negative effects on its users in many ways. People try to talk less and only where it is necessary. They avoid communicating with their family and try to spend more time using social apps. It is usually seen among kids that they do not talk much with their family and prefer to spend more of their time using social gadgets and remain alone in their rooms. It has become another popular trend that they use short forms in their conversation instead of promoting their native language. The frequent use of social media has decreased the physical activities of the generation which is causing a lack of confidence. People who use social media find it hard to speak confidently sitting in some gathering. The people who are habitual of using social media have less informative skills because their mindset doesn’t allow them to think out of their spam as the use of social apps restricts their thinking. Its addictive usage is creating visual and headache problems among its users. The harmful rays that come out of the devices that they use, affects their brain and eyes. Social media users show fearless and rude behavior to their parents and show no interest in family gatherings and sittings. Its usage has increased the demand for money and facilities which sometimes leads the user to superiority or inferiority complex. Crime cases and very especially women harassment cases have also been increased because of the influence of social media on society.
“Catherine Earnshaw, may you not rest as long as I am living. You said I killed you–haunt me then. The murdered do haunt their murderers. I believe–I know that ghosts have wandered the earth. Be with me always–take any form–drive me mad. Only do not leave me in this abyss, where I cannot find you! Oh, God! It is unutterable! I cannot live without my life! I cannot live without my soul!”
-Heathcliff
‘Wuthering Heights’ is a 19th century gothic novel that revolves around the lives of two families: the Earnshaws, the Lintons and the peculiar boy adopted by the Earnshaws named Heathcliff. Set in the damp mysterious English moores, the story is riddled with the themes of love, revenge, and drama. It merges the supernatural with the real and creates a unique world that leaves us both horrified and curious. The novel has multiple levels of narrators ranging from the newly moved in Lockwood to Wuthering Heights’ lifetime caretaker Nelly Dean and finally to the inhabitants of both Heights and Thrushcross Grange.
“Treachery and violence are spears pointed at both ends; they wound those who resort to them worse than their enemies.”
The theme of violence and revenge runs constantly throughout Wuthering Heights and Heathcliff acts as the tool through which it is propagated. A chain reaction of continues revenge takes place when Old Earnshaw’s affection towards the foundling Heathcliff deeply upsets Hindley. After Earnshaw’s death, Hindley neglects Heathcliff and degrades him. Overcome with a desire for revenge, upon his return, Heathcliff successfully deceives Hindley into selling off Wuthering Heights. Furthermore, he also takes in Hareton Earnshaw and condemns him to a life of degradation and torture. Heathcliff also seeks revenge against Edgar for marrying Catherine and marries his sister Isabella. He tortures her both physically and mentally and even continues this mistreatment towards their son Linton, whom he uses merely as a tool to take over Thrushcross Grange. He forces marriage between Linton and young Catherine, confines her, and beats her up violently as he sees her as a proof of the union between his Cathy and Edgar. Heathcliff’s affinity for revenge and violence plays a major role in driving Catherine away from him. As he nears his death, he gradually abstains from it and is in turn able to reunite with a ghostly presence of Cathy.
“If all else perished, and he remained, I should still continue to be; and if all else remained, and he were annihilated, the universe would turn to a mighty stranger.”
As for the gothic elements, the novel can be considered the prime example of a gothic novel for a multitude of reasons. The setting of the English moors in itself reflects the untamedness of the novel’s characters and their mindsets.The house ‘Wuthering Heights’ is described as being old and gloomy, similar to the ruined castle-like gothic architecture. A few characters like the tyrannies, deceitfully handsome villains, fragile women and ghosts are said to be typical to a gothic novel. Heathcliff can be seen as a gothic villain, who loses sight of all morality in mad pursuit of his passion. The character of Isabella Linton is a typical example of the fragile woman who is beautiful and innocent but is brutally exploited by the villain. Another major element of the gothic is the inclusion of ghosts and other supernatural elements. In the start of the novel, the ghost of Catherine Earnshaw appears and grabs hold of Mr. Lockwood, whom he thinks is a ‘changeling’ and is mentioned throughout the novel. The weather also contributes to the damp dark setting and constantly reflects the melancholic feelings of the characters. Typical to a gothic narrative, Wuthering Heights touches upon concepts that are considered paranoid, barbaric and the tabooed.
The word ‘monsoon’ has been derived from the Arabic word ‘Mausim’ which means ‘Season’. Originally,the word ‘monsoon’ was used by Arab navigators several centuries ago,to describe a system of seasonal reversal of winds along the shores of the Indian Ocean, especially over the Arabian sea.It blows from the south – west to North – east during Summer and from the north – east to south – west during winter.Monsoons are a complex metrological phenomenon.Meteorologists have developed a number of concepts about the origin of monsoons.According to the Dynamic concept,Monsoon wind originates due to the seasonal migration of planetary winds and pressure belts following the position of the sun.During summer solstice,the sun’s rays fall vertically over the Tropic of cancer.Therefore,all the pressure and wind belts of the globe shift northwards.At this time,Inter – Tropical Convergence Zone ( ITCZ ) also moves northward,and a major part of Indian landmass comes under the influence of southeast trade winds.While crossing equator this wind gets deflected and takes the direction of southeast and becomes south-west monsoon.During the winter season,the pressure and wind belts shift southward,thereby establishing the north-east monsoon (trade winds) over this region.Such systematic change in the direction of planetary winds is known as monsoon.
Seasons
The metrologists recognize the four distinct seasons in India.They are;
1.winter or cold weather season(January – February) 2.Pre Monsoon or summer or hot weather season (March – May) 3.Southwest monsoon or rainy season (June- September) 4.Northeast monsoon season (October-December).
1.Winter or cold weather season.
During this period,the vertical rays of the sun falls over tropic of Capricorn which is far away from India.Hence,India receives the slanting sun’s rays which results in low temperature.The cold weather season is Characterized by clear skies,find weather,light northerly winds,low humidity and large day time variations of temperature.During this season a high pressure develops over north India and a north – westerly wind blows down the Indus and Ganges valleys.In south India ,the general direction of wind is from east to west.The mean temperature increases from north to south,the decrease being sharp as one moves northwards in the north-western part of the country.The mean daily minimum temperatures range from 22°C in the extreme south,to 10°C in the northern plains and 6°C in Punjab.The rain during this season generally oocurs over the Western Himalayas,Tamil Nadu and Kerala.Western disturbances and associated trough in Westerlies are main rain bearing system in Northern part of the country.The jet stream in Northern part of the country.The jet stream plays a dominant role in bringing these disturbances to India.These disturbances cause rainfall in Punjab,Haryana and Himachal Pradesh,and snowball in the hills of Jammu and Kashmir .This rainfall is very usefull for the cultivation of winter wheat.
2.Pre Monsoon or summer or hot weather season
During this season, the vertical rays of the sun falls over the peninsular India.Hence,there is a steady increase in temperature from south to north.It is practically hot and dry in the entire country in the initial part of this season.Weather over the land areas of the country influenced by thunderstorms associated with rain and sometimes with hail mostly in the middle and later part.During this season, temperature starts increasing all over the country and by April,the interior parts of south India record mean daily temperature parts of south India record mean daily temperatures of 30°C – 35°C. Central Indian land mass becomes hot with day-time maximum temperature reaching about 40°C at many locations.Many stations in Gujarat,North Maharashtra, Rajasthan and North Madhya Pradesh exhibit high day – time and low night-time temperatures during this season.Because of the atmospheric pressure conditions,the winds blow from southwest to northeast direction in Arabian sea and Bay of Bengal .They bring pre monsoon showers to the west coast during the month of May.There are few thunder showers called “Mango Showers” which helps in quick ripening of mangoes along the coast of Kerala and Karanataka.”Norwesters” or “Kalbaisakhis ” are the local severe storms or violent thunderstorms associated with strong winds and rain lasting for short durations.It occurs over the Eastern and North eastern parts over Bihar,west Bengal and Assam during April and May.They approach the stations from the northwesterly direction.
Southwest monsoon or Rainy season
The southwest monsoon is the most significant feature of the Indian climate.The onset of the southwest monsoon takes place normally over the southern tip of the country by the first week of June,advances along the Kongan coast in early June and covers the whole country by 15th July.The monsoon is influenced by global phenomenon like E1Nino.Prior to the onset of the southwest monsoon,the temperature in north India reaches upto 46°C .The sudeen approach of monsoon wind over south India with lightning and thunder is termed as the ‘break’ or ‘burst of monsoon’.It lowers the temperature of India to a large extent.The monsoon wind strike against the southern tip of Indian land mass and gets divided into two branches.One branch starts from Arabian sea and the other from Bay of Bengal .The Arabian sea branch of southwest monsoon gives heavy rainfall to the west coast of India as it is located in the windward side of the Western Ghats.The other part which advances towards north is obstructed by Himalayan Mountains and results in heavy rainfall in north.As Aravalli Mountain is located parallel to the wind direction, Rajasthan and Western part do not get much rainfall India and Myanmar.This wind is trapped by a chain of mountains namely Garo,Khasi and Jaintia are mainly responsible for the heaviest rainfall caused at Mawsyanram located in Meghalaya.Later on,this wind travel towards west which results in decrease in rainfall from east to west.Over all about 75% of Indian rainfall is received from the monsoon.Tamilnadu which is located in the leeward side receives only a meargre rainfall.
Post monsoon or Retreating or Northeast monsoon season
The southwest monsoons begins to retreat from north India by the end of September due to the southward shifting pressure belts.The southwest monsoon wind returns from Indian landmass and blows towards Bay of Bengal.The coriolis force deflects this wind and makes it to blow from northeast.
India monsoons
Heans ,it is known as Northeast monsoon or Post-monsoon season.The season is associated with the establishment of the north-easterly wind system over the Indian subcontinent.Andhra Pradesh,Tamil Nadu,Kerala and south interior Karnataka receive good amount of rainfall accounted 35% their annual total.Many parts of Tamil Nadu and some parts of Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka receive rainfall during this season due to the storms forming in the Bay of Bengal .Large scale losses to day life temperatures start falling sharply all over the country.The mean temperature over north-western parts of the country shows a decline from about 38°C in October to 28°C in November.
In the last blog, we have seen 2 best AI movies. Now we are going to continue that. Previously we have seen Ex Machina and 2001: A Space Odyssey. In our list, the movie that ranks 3 is Metropolis.
Metropolis
Metropolis is a 1927 German film, and undoubtedly, this movie served to be a pioneer for many AI related movies. This film depicts a future world where the wealthy people of the society live a easy and luxury life on the surface. In contrast to that,there is a city deep down in the underground where working- class people labour out of sight on the machinery that supports Metropolis. In time, this oppressive situation eventually leads to a class conflict. Freder Frierson, being a member of the wealthy class, falls in love with a working- class women named “Maria”. He also discovers the hard life under the city and is determined to help the workers. To support his plan and his relationship with Maria, Freder’s father, a scientist creates a robot in Maria’s image. Within the context of the film, the robot Maria seems to have its own mind that causes rebellion within the working class and eventually attempts to destroy Metropolis. With the massive popularity of ‘Metropolis’, the robot Maria stands as the first significant robot in film industry. It is the first film to attempt AI in the storyline.
Her
The movie “Her” ranks 2 in our list. This film highlights emotional intelligence in the form of Human- Robot romance. This film reveals the direction humanity might be headed if artificial intelligence continues to evolve. The main lead of the film doesn’t know what he wants from life and people after being pushed to the verge of divorce. His life takes an unexpected turn when he begins to find peace in the voice of his computer’s new OS – Samantha. The heartfelt conversations with the AI system Samantha makes him fall in love with it. Despite its advanced settings, the idea of this movie is alarmingly genuine and there relies its brilliance. Given our dependence on innovation, AI voice assistants and Virtual realities may soon witness relationships between devices. They are engaging, entertaining, yet sad.
Wall-E
Last on our list is Pixer’s masterpieces and one of the thought -provoking movies, “Wall-E”. Wall-E is an excellent contrast to other AI killer robots shown in films. This is the last solar-charged robot left on Earth. He spends his days tidying up the mess that humans have created before leaving the Earth. Yet, during 700 years, Wall-E has developed a character and it is being sad of being alone. At that point he spots EVE, a smooth and more advanced AI not sent back to Earth on a scanning mission to find any existence of life. It ignores Wall-E entirely as he was a robot. Smitten Wall-E embarks on his most incredible adverture and follows EVE across the galaxy and along the Milky Way. Wall-E can’t even talk but his characteristics and mannerisms resemble human behaviour. Another important aspect is Wall-E tells a story where AI saves humanity rather than destroying it. This is interesting as it shows a sense of dependency and the needs of AI for creating a better future. Wall-E is one of the best AI movies that do well to combat fears of AI potentially destroying the world.
When I picked up the book first, I did it with the assumption that the book would be circling around basic morals and lessons that our children usually learn when they get acquainted with their surroundings, this assumption was based on the mere fact, that the book is based on the lives of farm animals. But a very much-needed reality check came, once the short intricate book progressed in my hands.
George Orwell, the author of this 112 pages worth book, uses his gift of simple writing to bring forth a complex life cycle. His writing explains and describes the enormity, complexity, and the need for various important concepts like war, education, laws, government, development, etc in the most straightforward way possible.
While this book may only last for a few hours, it gives various lessons, that can last you a lifetime. George Orwell manages to explain the recurring need for war, the persisting inequality in our society, the struggles of an updated education system, and many more concepts in detail, with just the help of a few farm animals.
Further George Orwell not only provides a wholesome end to the book, but he also manages to bring a conclusion to the vicious cycle of life, in his effortless way.
In the end, the book makes you question a lot of things around you. It opens your eyes to the realities of life in the most captivating way. And persuades you to question, analyze, and conclude everything around you in your way.
Classics are usually stereotyped as boring and hard to understand. But rest assured that not only will this book end in just the knick of time, but it will also provide you a much-needed understanding of life, in the most simplistic way.
Should you read this book ?
Yes, absolutely. Don’t get intimidated by its must-read classic status, Because it will be a book to treasure for a lifetime.
Digital marketing the world become digitalizing day to day.
Every things we can do with digital, we are become digital life’s.
Marketing is main source for improve companies, on before digital life’s there was we have person to person and posters to expose their products and services
Now , we are in surviving digital life’s . every things will get on internet so the bases of internet ,we have recognised by Digital marketing .
The digital marketing it is high level, digital marketing refers to advertising delivered through digital channels such as search engines, websites, social media, email, and mobile apps.
by help of these online media channels, digital marketing is the method by which companies endorse goods, brands and services.
On these digital marketing we have a wide range of digital marketing jobs out there meaning there are a huge variety of career options.
Video/audio production.
Interactive technology (such as AI)
Mobile marketing.
Search engine optimization (SEO)
Search engine marketing (SEM)
Social media.
E-commerce.
Email marketing.
Scopes for digital marketing
The scope of digital marketing is quite good. Anyone who is looking to learning digital marketing would surely get a good benefit from it. There are also huge of job opportunities available in the field .
How can you start
There we have many web sites and blogs, start learning digital marketing help of reading books or blogs, enrolling in courses, watching videos on YouTube, listening to podcasts, watching webinars, and more.
There is no National language in India. Hindi is also one of our official languages. Hindi is recognized as the official language of 9 states and 3 union territories, and one of the two parliamentary languages of India. Although the language is widely understood by the majority of Indian citizens, Hindi has not been accepted as the national language of this country.
Clause 1 Article 343 of the constitution of India states that the official language of the Union shall be Hindi in Devanagari script. The constitution does not assume any language for that matter in the category of the national language. Hindi and English have been acknowledged as official languages of the parliament. However, every state can exercise the right to authorize a particular language through legislation.
Hindi should be our National Language because it is easy to understand and in today’s world where everyone watches television, web shows and through internet everybody is familiar with Hindi language. Our country must have a internal language which can be understood and spoken by everyone i.e Hindi, I love Hindi and support it to be our national language. According to me it gives me the feeling of united one India. I get that unity feeling as an Indian. Hindi is the only language which unites people from different states and it increases belongingness to whole India not only limited to their own state.
But still there are many people from South India and West Bengal who opposes Hindi to be our national language and many people from South don’t even understand Hindi properly. They need to understand the fact that if Hindi becomes our National Language that will not decrease the importance of their regional language, other languages is not going to extinct. This narrow mentality which is limited to their state only should be changed, otherwise India can never be one. Sanskrit could be chosen too for our National Language but the thing is many generations already been passed who were not taught Sanskrit and they are not enough familiar with sanskrit to speak this language. Only Hindi now a days can become the language which can unite Indians and therefore India. Therefore Hindi should be taught compulsorily in every state along with English and their regional languages respectively.
The Hindi Language is very old and has a direct line of evolution to Sanskrit. As such Hindi is incredibly important in the historic development of the world’s cultures and well worth not just honoring, but studying. Anyone with an interest in world history or languages would do well to do a little bit of intense reading on the subject of Hindi.
Popularity of Hindi in other countries
Nepal has the second largest group of Hindi speaking people. Surprisingly the United States is home to the third largest group of Hindi speaking people. About 650, 000 people speak the language in the country making it the 11th most popular foreign language in the United States. A third of Mauritians ( 450,000) speak the Hindi language.
Indian songs and hymns have been adapted and used by various popular rap and pop music artists. From science to commerce and business to various multimedia as shown India to becoming a viable world economy with increasing interest in the world. Bollywood as it is called the second biggest film following Hollywood. Indian music becomes influential, not only audiences in the United States but also with the rest of the world.
We all tend to procrastinate in one way or another. Procrastination is delaying important tasks to do unimportant tasks instead.
Why would we want to complete tasks when we can spend our time doing more enjoyable things like watching a movie, going outside, playing a game, etc.
There are several reasons why people tend to procrastinate. They are due to depression, anxiety, perfectionism, fear of evaluation, lack of energy, or lack of motivation.
The first step to stop procrastinating is to figure out the reason behind it. So, you can start working on strategies to overcome it.
Procrastination is a bad habit. It stops us from reaching our potential. Yes, we can complete the assignment one minute before the deadline. But will that assignment be good?
So, here are a few tips that could help you break this cycle of procrastination:
Stop waiting for the right time to do the task. I had a habit of waiting for the right time. There is no right time. Take the time you have now and make it right.
Remember to give yourself breaks after completing the task. We cannot just keep working all day. Our brains need a break to rest. So, give yourself a break after you complete the task.
Another thing to do is forgive yourself if you procrastinated for a day. I try to be productive every day but, there are some days where I do not feel like doing much. That is okay too. We do not have to be so hard on ourselves. Just remember to make the next day count.
If you are not starting a few tasks because you think it is a lot of work. You should try dividing them into parts. This will give you enough time to complete everything without feeling drenched.
Reward yourself after completing tasks. This will make you feel accomplished and keep you motivated to do more because it comes with a reward.
When you enter a cycle of completing your tasks and then enjoying your time. It will give you a great sense of accomplishment. It feels great to do things beforehand instead of delaying them. This will make you feel more productive every day. This way you will not feel guilty for having fun.
Now, the next thing to do is to imagine yourself in a situation five years from now. You have completely failed in your life. All the dreams you had could not be fulfilled. Think about your emotions in this situation. Give yourself time to really imagine this situation.
Now how do you feel?
It is your procrastination that came in the way of your success. You kept delaying things and never ended up working for your dreams and future.
Lucky for us, it was just a situation that could happen if we keep procrastinating. We still have time with us to change the situation. Everything you do from this point should contribute to you not being in that situation.
Sumer was an ancient civilization founded in the Mesopotamia region of the Fertile Crescent situated between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers. Known for their innovations in language, governance, architecture and more, Sumerians are considered the creators of civilization as modern humans understand it. Their control of the region lasted for short of 2,000 years before the Babylonians took charge in 2004 B.C.
Sumerian Civilization
Sumer was first settled by humans from 4500 to 4000 B.C., though it is probable that some settlers arrived much earlier.
This early population—known as the Ubaid people—was notable for strides in the development of civilization such as farming and raising cattle, weaving textiles, working with carpentry and pottery and even enjoying beer. Villages and towns were built around Ubaid farming communities.
The people known as Sumerians were in control of the area by 3000 B.C. Their culture was comprised of a group of city-states, including Eridu, Nippur, Lagash, Kish, Ur and the very first true city, Uruk. At its peak around 2800 BC, the city had a population between 40,000 and 80,000 people living between its six miles of defensive walls, making it a contender for the largest city in the world.
Each city-state of Sumer was surrounded by a wall, with villages settled just outside and distinguished by the worship of local deities.
Sumerian Language And Literature
The Sumerian language is the oldest linguistic record. It first appeared in archaeological records around 3100 B.C. and dominated Mesopotamia for the next thousand years. It was mostly replaced by Akkadian around 2000 B.C. but held on as a written language in cuneiform for another 2,000 years.
Cuneiform, which is used in pictographic tablets, appeared as far back as 4000 B.C., but was later adapted into Akkadian, and expanded even further outside of Mesopotamia beginning in 3000 B.C.
Writing remains one of the most important cultural achievements of the Sumerians, allowing for meticulous record keeping from rulers down to farmers and ranchers. The oldest written laws date back to 2400 B.C. in the city of Ebla, where the Code of Er-Nammu was written on tablets.
The Sumerians were considered to have a rich body of literary works, though only fragments of these documents exist.
Sumerian Art and Architecture
Architecture on a grand scale is generally credited to have begun under the Sumerians, with religious structures dating back to 3400 B.C., although it appears that the basics of the structures began in the Ubaid period as far back as 5200 B.C. and were improved upon through the centuries. Homes were made from mud bricks or bundled marsh reeds. The buildings are noted for their arched doorways and flat roofs.
Elaborate construction, such as terra cotta ornamentation with bronze accents, complicated mosaics, imposing brick columns and sophisticated mural paintings all reveal the society’s technical sophistication.
Sculpture was used mainly to adorn temples and offer some of the earliest examples of human artists seeking to achieve some form of naturalism in their figures. Facing a scarcity of stone, Sumerians made leaps in metal-casting for their sculpture work, though relief carving in stone was a popular art form.
Under the Akkadian dynasty, sculpture reached new heights, as evidenced by intricate and stylized work in diorite dated to 2100 B.C.
Ziggurats began to appear around 2200 B.C. These impressive pyramid-like, stepped temples, which were either square or rectangular, featured no inner chambers and stood about 170 feet high. Ziggurats often featured sloping sides and terraces with gardens. The Hanging Gardens of Babylon was one of these.
Palaces also reach a new level of grandiosity. In Mari around 1779 B.C., an ambitious 200-room palace was constructed.
Sumerian Science
Sumerians had a system of medicine that was based in magic and herbalism, but they were also familiar with processes of removing chemical parts from natural substances. They are considered to have had an advanced knowledge of anatomy, and surgical instruments have been found in archeological sites.
One of the Sumerians greatest advances was in the area of hydraulic engineering. Early in their history they created a system of ditches to control flooding, and were also the inventors of irrigation, harnessing the power of the Tigris and Euphrates for farming. Canals were consistently maintained from dynasty to dynasty.
Their skill at engineering and architecture both point to the sophistication of their understanding of math. The structure of modern time keeping, with sixty seconds in a minute and sixty minutes in an hour, is attributed to the Sumerians.
Sumerian Culture
Schools were common in Sumerian culture, marking the world’s first mass effort to pass along knowledge in order to keep a society running and building on itself.
Sumerians left behind scores of written records, but they are more renowned for their epic poetry, which influenced later works in Greece and Rome and sections of the Bible, most notably the story of the Great Flood, the Garden of Eden, and the Tower of Babel. The Sumerians were musically inclined and a Sumerian hymn, “Hurrian Hymn No. 6,” is considered the world’s oldest musically notated song.
Gilgamesh
The very first ruling body of Sumer that has historical verification is the First Dynasty of Kish. The earliest ruler mentioned is Etana of Kish, who, in a document from the time, is credited as having “stabilized all the lands.” One thousand years later, Etana would be memorialized in a poem that told of his adventures in heaven.
The most famous of the early Sumerian rulers is Gilgamesh, king of Uruk, who took control around 2700 B.C. and is still remembered for his fictional adventures in the Epic of Gilgamesh, the first epic poem in history and inspiration for later Roman and Greek myths and Biblical stories.
A devastating flood in the region was used as a pivotal point in the epic poem and later reused in the Old Testament story of Noah.
Sumerian Power Struggles
Somewhere around 2600 B.C., a power struggle erupted between the leaders of Kish, Erech and Ur, which set off a “musical-chairs” scenario of rulers for the region for the next 400 years.
The first conflict resulted in the kingdom of Awan seizing control and shifting the ruling body outside of Sumer until the kingship was returned to the Kish.
The Kish kept control briefly until the rise of Uruk King Enshakushanna, whose brief dynasty was followed by Adabian conqueror Lugalannemundu, who held power for 90 years and is said to have expanded his kingdom up to the Mediterranean. Lugalannemundu also conquered the Gutian people, who lived in the Eastern Iraqi mountains and who would later come to rule Sumer.
In 2500 B.C. the only woman to rule the Sumerians, Kubaba, took the throne. She is the only female listed on the Sumerian King List, which names all rulers of Sumer and their accomplishments. Kubaba’s son, Puzur-Suen, eventually reigned, bringing in the fourth dynasty of Kish, following a brief ascendency of Unzi, the first in the Akshak Dynasty.
This last Kish dynasty ruled for a century before Uruk king Lugal-zage-si ruled for 25 years before Sargon took control in 2234.
Sargon
Sargon was an Akkadian whose past is shrouded in legends that some claim were ignited by Sargon himself. The claim is that he was the secret child of a high priestess who placed him in a basket and cast him off into a river, a story that was later utilized for Moses in the Old Testament.
Sumerian tradition says that Sargon was the son of a gardener who rose to the position of cupbearer for Ur-Zababa, king of Kish, which was not a servant position but a high official.
Ur-Zababa was defeated by the king of Uruk, who was, in turn, overtaken by Sargon. Sargon followed that victory by seizing the cities of Ur, Umma and Lagash, and establishing himself as ruler. His militaristic reign reached to the Persian Gulf.
Sargon built the city of Agade as his base, south of Kish, which became an important center in the ancient world and a prominent port. Agade was also home to Sargon’s army, which is considered the first organized standing army in history and the earliest to use chariots in warfare.
Sargon took control of the religious cultures of the Akkadians and the Sumerians, making his daughter Enhedu-anna the head priestess of the moon god cult of Ur. Enheduanna is best remembered for her transcriptions of temple hymns, which she also wrote and preserved in her writings.
Sargon ruled for 50 years, and after his death, his son Rimush faced widespread rebellion and was killed. Rimush’s brother Manishtushu met the same fate.
Sargon’s grandson, Naram-Sin, took the throne in 2292 B.C. Naram-Sin considered himself divine and was leveled with charges of sacrilege.
The Gutians invaded in 2193 B.C. following the reign of the last Akkadian king, Naram-Sin’s son Sharkalisharri. Their era is marked by decentralized chaos and neglect. It was during Gutian reign that the grand city of Agade decayed into wreckage and disappeared from history.
Ur-Nammu
The final gasp of Sumer leadership came in 2100 B.C. when Utuhegal, king of Ur, overthrew the Gutians. Utuhegal’s reign was brief, with Ur-Nammu, the former governor of Ur, taking the throne, starting a dynasty that would rule for about a century.
Ur-Nammu was known as a builder. Figurines from the time depict him carrying building materials. During his reign, he started massive projects to build walls around his capital city, to create more irrigation canals, construct new temples and rebuild old ones.
Ur-Nammu also did the considerable work of constructing an organized and complicated legal code that is considered the first in history. Its purpose was to ensure that everyone in the kingdom, no matter what city they lived in, received the same justice and punishments, rather than rely on the whims of individual governors.
Ur-Nammu also created an organized school system for state administrators. Called the Edubba, it kept an archive of clay tablets for learning.
What Happened to Sumer?
In 2004 B.C., the Elamites stormed Ur and took control. At the same time, Amorites had begun overtaking the Sumerian population.
The ruling Elamites were eventually absorbed into Amorite culture, becoming the Babylonians and marking the end of the Sumerians as a distinct body from the rest of Mesopotamia.
Smartphones have become so central to our daily lives that the difference between a good smartphone that just works and a bad one with lots of bugs, can make or break the whole experience for you. While most smartphones have something good to offer, the best phones offer the right balance between the hardware and software, offering lots of computing power and effortless usability. There are a number of good phones in the market, but our list of best mobile phones talks about the top 10 mobiles that can do just about anything. From playing a graphics-heavy game to watching a movie in HDR quality to editing a spreadsheet or making a video, this list is compiled of the best phone in India. The best smartphones are all-rounders in every sense. In the list are top 10 phone, that are devices powered by Apple’s iOS and Google’s Android operating system, with most flagships running on the latest Android 10. These smartphones take sharp, detailed photos, heavy multi-tasking and a host of features that define cutting edge in mobile technology.
1.Xiaomi Mi 11 Ultra:
The Xiaomi Mi 11 Ultra measures 8.4 millimetres in thickness and weighs 234 grams. It is also IP68 certified which makes it resistant to dust and water ingress for 1.5 metres for upto 30 minutes. It has a slightly raised island camera module on the back that houses the triple cameras along with a bunch of sensors and a secondary mini display. The Mi 11 Ultra features a 6.81-inch QHD+ (3200×1440 pixels) resolution AMOLED 3D curved display. The display supports upto a 120Hz refresh rate and has a punch-hole notch cutout for the selfie camera. It is capable of producing upto 1 Billion colours and is HDR10+ certified along with Dolby Vision support. The Xiaomi Mi 11 Ultra is powered by the Qualcomm Snapdragon 888 processor that is built on a 5nm manufacturing process with an octa-core CPU that has a prime core running at upto 2.84GHz, three performance cores running at upto 2.42GHz and four power-efficient cores clocked at upto 1.80GHz. This is paired with Adreno 660 GPU that is responsible for handling the graphics duties on the phone along with 12GB RAM and upto 256GB UFS 3.1 storage. The Xiaomi Mi 11 Ultra is equipped with a 5,000mAh battery that supports 67W fast wired and wireless charging.
2. Apple’s iPhone 12 Pro Max:
Apple’s iPhone 12 Pro Max is one of the best mobile phones in India right now. It promises fast performance and a massive display. There’s also a fast processor and a very good camera set-up to complete the package. Talking about the specifications of the device, the iPhone 12 Pro Max features a big 6.7-inch OLED display. Under the hood, it is powered by the company’s new A14 Bionic chipset which promises improved overall performance and faster machine learning with its next-generation Neural Engine. The A14 Bionic adds impressive gains to the iPhone 12 Pro Max when compared to the performance of iPhone 11 series. The chipset helps ensure that the new iPhone offers better performance per core for single as well as multi-threaded applications. The iPhone 12 Pro Max gets a better triple camera set-up with 12-megapixel F1.6 primary camera, a 12-megapixel telephoto camera, and a 12-megapixel ultrawide camera along with a LiDAR sensor. The iPhone 12 Pro Max also gets some extra features to improve photography performance on the device.
3. Xiaomi Mi 11X Pro:
Xiaomi Mi 11X Pro is an upper mid-range flagship that is powered by the Qualcomm Snapdragon 888 processor and features a 6.67-inch Full HD+ AMOLED display. The phone offers high end specs and features, including support for 120Hz refresh rate. The Mi 11X Pro has a premium build and the screen is topped with a layer of Gorilla Glass 5. It has triple cameras on the back with 108MP primary camera, 8MP ultra-wide-angle camera and 5MP macro camera. On the front, there is a 20MP selfie camera. The phone comes equipped with a 4,520mAh battery that supports 33W fast charging out-of-the-box which can fully charge the phone in 52 minutes.
4. Galaxy Z Fold 2:
The Galaxy Z Fold 2 comes with two displays, with the inner screen housing a punch-hole selfie camera. The outer display is big, and covers almost the entire area of the front of the phone, instead of just a part of it as we saw on the original Galaxy Fold. The panel here is 6.23-inches in size capable of HD+ resolution. This panel sports a 25:9 aspect ratio. The panel also uses a punch-hole instead of a notch on the Galaxy Z Fold. In terms of cameras, the phone brings three lenses with the primary being a 12-megapixel lens paired to another 12-megapixel Super Dual Pixel lens. The third lens in the set-up is a 12-megapixel telephoto lens. The front camera on the phone is a 10-megapixel lens for clicking pictures. For hardware, Samsung’s latest Qualcomm Snapdragon 865+ chipset. This has been paired to 12GB LPDDR5 RAM and 256GB of UFS storage. As for the battery, Samsung has equipped the phone with a 4500mAh battery. The phone also supports wireless charging, reverse wireless charging, and 25W wired charging.
5. iQOO 7 Legend:
The iQOO 7 Legend is powered by the top-of-the-line Qualcomm Snapdragon 888 processor and features a 6.62-inch Full HD+ display that supports upto 120Hz refresh rate. The iQOO 7 Legend has a 48MP primary camera followed by a 13MP telephoto camera and a 13MP ultra-wide-angle camera. There is a 16MP selfie camera on the front for selfies. The phone has stereo speakers, in display fingerprint recognition and is equipped with a 4,000mAh battery that supports 66W fast charging out-of-the-box.
6. ASUS ROG Phone 5:
The ROG Phone 5 series has minimal bezels on the top and bottom and is slightly longer than the previous generation. The ROG Phone 5 has a metal-glass construction measuring 10.29 millimetres in thickness and weighs 238 grams. Asus ROG Phone 5 features 6.78-inch Full HD+ (2448 x 1080 pixels) resolution display that uses an AMOLED panel sourced from Samsung. The screen supports up to 144Hz refresh rate, 300Hz touch sampling rate and offers upto 1200nits brightness. The Asus ROG Phone 5 series is powered by the Qualcomm Snapdragon 888 processor with an octa-core CPU running at upto 2.84GHz with Adreno 660 GPU. It runs on Android 11 based ROG UI out-of-the-box. The ROG Phone 5 series has triple cameras on the back headlined by a 64MP primary camera based on an IMX686 sensor with an f/1.8 aperture, a 13MP ultra-wide-angle camera with 125-degree field-of-view and a 5MP macro camera.
7. Vivo X60 Pro:
The Vivo X60 Pro features a 6.56-inch Full HD+ (2376×1080 pixels) resolution AMOLED display with a punch-hole notch cutout. The X60 Pro has a slightly curved display. The display on the device is a 120Hz refresh rate panel and is certified for HDR10+ playback. Additionally, it is topped with Schott Xensation Up cover glass and has an in-display fingerprint reader. The Vivo X60 Pro brings a 48MP primary camera with an f/1.5 aperture, 13MP telephoto camera with 2X optical zoom and 13MP ultra-wide-angle camera with 120-degree field-of-view. The X60 Pro has a second-generation gimbal stabilization system. The rear cameras can record in 4K UHD at upto 60FPS and there’s a 32MP selfie camera on the front. The X60 Pro has a 4,200mAh battery and supports 33W fast charging out-of-the-box.
8. OnePlus 9 Pro:
The OnePlus 9 Pro brings with it an aluminium-glass build that measures 8.7 millimetres in thickness and weighs 197 grams. It is also IP68 rated making it resistant to dust and water ingress. OnePlus 9 Pro features a 6.7-inch QHD+ (3216×1440 pixels) resolution AMOLED curved display with LTPO backplane technology and supports a 120Hz refresh rate. The LTPO technology allows the OnePlus 9 Pro to consume lesser power and gives dynamic refresh rate control ranging from as low as 1Hz to 120Hz. Like the OnePlus 9, the 9 Pro is also powered by the Qualcomm Snapdragon 888 processor and is paired with upto 12GB LPDDR5 RAM and upto 256GB UFS 3.1 storage options to choose from. The OnePlus 9 Pro has quad cameras on the back headlined by a primary 48MP camera with a Sony IMX789 sensor that has an f/1.8 aperture and supports EIS. The 50MP ultra-wide-angle camera and a 2MP monochrome camera is the same as the standard OnePlus 9. The OnePlus 9 Pro has the same 4,500mAh battery as the OnePlus 9 with Warp Charge 65T support but it also offers Warp Charge 50 fast wireless charging support.
9. Samsung Galaxy S21 Ultra:
The Samsung Galaxy S21 Ultra is as premium as premium gets. It is also a very good phone to use. This is because it brings with itself a 6.8-inch QHD+ AMOLED panel which features a 3200×1440 resolution and a pixel density of 551ppi. The panel also gets support for 120Hz refresh rate for improving the experience while playing games. The device comes with a single front camera and is HDR10+ certified. The screen also has an ultrasonic in-display fingerprint sensor. The hardware on-board the Samsung Galaxy S21 Ultra is the Exynos 2100 chipset which has been paired with 12GB RAM and 256GB of storage. For cameras, the Galaxy S21 Ultra comes with a 108 MP primary camera sensor with Phase Detection Auto Focus and optical image stabilisation (OIS). This is paired by a 12MP (F/2.2) ultra-wide-angle sensor with dual-pixel autofocus, and a 120-degree field of view. The phone is powered by a big 5,000mAh battery with support for 25W wired fast charging, 15W wireless charging and 4.5W reverse charging.
10. Xiaomi Mi 10:
Xiaomi Mi 10 comes with a premium finish that is complemented by an aluminium chassis. The phone measures 9 millimetres at it’s thickest point and weighs 208 grams. It features a 6.67-inch Full HD+ (2340 x 1080 pixels) resolution display that uses a Super AMOLED panel topped with Gorilla Glass 5. The screen supports 90Hz high refresh rate that ensures a smooth experience and is certified for HDR10+ playback. It has a punch-hole cutout in the top-left corner for the selfie camera that gives the display a 19.5:9 aspect ratio. The display is also home to an optical fingerprint reader. The Mi 10 is powered by the Qualcomm Snapdragon 865 chipset with 5G support and an octa-core CPU that is paired with Adreno 650 GPU, 8GB RAM and upto 256GB UFS 3.0 storage options to choose from. It runs on the latest version of MIUI 11 which is based on Android 10. The Mi 10 is fitted with a 4,780mAh battery that supports 30W fast charging, both wired and wireless. It also supports 5W reverse wireless charging out-of-the-box.
Reading has always been my favorite hobby since I was introduced to the magical universe of books. I love reading books as it improves our vocabulary as well as enhances our creative mind. It gives me a sense of peace and satisfaction in quenching my thirst for knowledge. It helps to know the world around you better. It is an excellent method to mitigate your pressure, much the same as a natural therapy. I love the power of books to explore our past, present, and future. Books are immortal and I can’t envision a world without books.
I was an ardent reader during my school days. But during my college days, I got busy with my college life schedule. So, I wasn’t able to focus much on reading. Apart from that, my procrastination also occupied a great role. But this lockdown has cleared me an approach to return to my old reading days and I am so happy with that. There are many tips to help cultivate your reading habit. You can always carry a book to wherever you go, by reading at least 10-15 pages per day or read books that excite you. However, there’s more you can do. The habit of reading cannot be compelled to anybody. You ought to consistently allow yourself to stop on the off chance that you are losing interest. Before you want to start reading, ask yourself why? The answer may vary according to the personal interest of a person.
During the lockdown, I had pretty much free time. So, I thought of reading a book titled ‘Ikigai; The Japanese secret to a long and happy life’ by Albert Liebermann & Hector Garcia. It is a life-changing book. I cherished the book deeply. I completed the book in one go. One thing that I loved about this lockdown was getting on track with my reading habit. Before lockdown, I just read fiction books. But now I read many genres like non-fiction, self-help, crime & thriller, etc. Though it was a slow process, I loved every bit of being on track again. Also, I am a quote lover person.
Some of my favourite quotes from books are:
“You will never be able to escape from your heart. So it’s better to listen to what it has to say. That way, you’ll never have to fear an unanticipated blow.” – The Alchemist by Paulo Coelho
“Confidence doesn’t mean that everything will go our way. It simply gives us the ability to accept failures that we will inevitably meet on our path and move forward with hope.” – Three Thousand Stitches by Sudha Murthy
“if you have not made somebody’s day happier, if you’ve not appreciated something good that has happened to you and if you have not felt thankful to be alive, then you have wasted that day of your life on earth!” – Life Is What You Make It by Preethi Shenoy
“All animals are equal, but some animals are more equal than others.” – Animal Farm by George Orwell
“The words that come out of our mouths do not vanish but are perpetually stored in infinite space, and they will come back to us in due time.” – Fourty Rules Of Love by Elif Shafaf
Earlier, I felt really bad staring at large piles of unread books on my book-shelf. Reading a book after many years was a herculean task for me as I couldn’t concentrate much. However, it was worth it. Reading books is a good quality that a person can possess. They are truly your companion because you can rely upon them, regardless of what your state of mind is.
Raja Ram Mohan Roy is considered as the pioneer of modern Indian Renaissance for remarkable reforms brought in 18th and 19th century India. Among his efforts the abolition of Sati pratha was the most prominent his efforts were instrumental in eradicating the purdah system and child marriage.
Contributions:
Anti Sati campaign- started in 1818 with the citation from various texts that no religion sanctioned the burning alive of Windows. He also visited cremation ground, filed petitions to the government. His efforts brought about the abolition of Sati in 1829, by the government declaring Sati a crime.
Women’s rights- He was a campaigner of women’s rights, condemned the general subjugation of women and misconceptions to form the basis of inferior status of women he attacked polygamy and wanted property rights for women and widow remarriage.
Modern Education- He supported David Hare’s effort to establish the Hindu College in 1817. He established Vedanta college in 1825 where both Indian learning and western social and physical sciences were offered.
Freedom of press- He was a bold supporter of freedom of press and a pioneer of Indian Journalism. About journals like Mirat ul Akhbar in Persian and a Bengali weekly to educate and inform the public and represent their grievances before the government.
As a political activist- He demanded reduction in land revenue in export duties on Indian goods abroad. He vehemently demanded judicial equality between Indians and Europeans and that trial to be held by jury.
Founded Brahmo Samaj- He laid the foundation of Brahmo Samaj which discarded faith in divine Avatars, opposed the rigidity of caste system, believed in unity of all religions and focused mainly on prayers, meditation and reading of scriptures.
Hence, Raja Ram Mohan Roy has been rightly called the ‘father of modern India and father of Indian Renaissance’. There was hardly any aspect of nation building which he left untouched, he started with the Reform of Hindu religion but he also laid the foundation for reform of Indian society.
Our country has started to unlock once again after the dreadful second wave. With the unlocking various statutory bodies have announced the dates for entrance exams that were earlier postponed due to the ongoing coronavirus pandemic. Even though we received extra time for the preparation of our exams, we humans tend to procrastinate and assume we have a lot of time. However, now that time is over. We need to get back up on the horse and cross that finish line. We have been preparing for a months and it is time for the final revision. Last minute revisions are very beneficial because it helps in refreshing all the facts we already have in our mind.
Let’s look at some last minute exam tips to avoid panic when the exam date is finally announced:
Recheck the syllabus: Since the dates have yet to be announced you have a little time to recheck your syllabus and see if you have left any topic uncovered. If so, take a day or two and finish those topics first. Do not take a chance with those topics because the questions can be asked from anywhere and you still have time to cover those. Also, you need to remember to not spend too much time on such topics either. Just read enough which will help you score.
Prepare a Schedule: Planning is an important part of preparation as well as revision. During the final days make sure you have a schedule but for a limited number of days. Do not make schedules for a week straight. Make a plan every 3-4 days with a different approach. Revisions tend to be monotonous as you have already read the material and making long term schedules might lead to loss of interest by the end of the week.
Solve Previous Year Questions: Previous year questions are the key to clearing the entrance exams. You get to know the kind of questions that can be asked. The most important advantage of such papers is that it lets you know how frequently questions are asked from a particular topic and you can shift your focus onto those topics first. However, before the exam it is not optimum to solve too many previous exam papers. Solve one paper every 2-3 days to maintain efficiency.
Flash Cards: Create flash cards for the topics you find extremely hard to remember. Note down the important topics and review them once before the exam.
Use Audio-Visual aids: For those students who find revising from the book tedious and repetitive can also use YouTube for the same. The tutors always have something extra to offer and their revision tactics are easy to retain. Watching videos makes preparation interesting and gives you a break from reading the same material again and again.
Block All Social Media: It might not seem like a big deal but turning off social media a few days before the D-Day has tremendous amounts of benefits. Avoid all distractions that are a hindrance in your learning process.
Adequate Sleep: Do not stress too much over the exam. Do not lose your sleep during those final days. Inadequate sleep adversely affects your schedule and your health. Make sure you sleep the required 7-8 hours and try to optimize your time during the day without having to sacrifice your sleep.
Take a Rest: Between every schedule take a rest day to recover from the stress. You can do any kind of recreational activity during that time but try avoiding excessive use of social media.
The final days before the exam are extremely stressful and you continuously find reasons to avoid studying because your mind is occupied with fear and anxiety. However, that is no reason to slack off. Every aspirant goes through this phase but the one who soldiers through it are the real winners. So, in order to be a winner one must not lose their focus during those ultimate days. One day you will look back and be thankful that you didn’t give up when every bone in your body wanted you to. Power through and keep your eye on the goal.
Russia- a rustic situated in Asia and Eastern Europe and a hub of international students to review MBBS, also for the tourists due to its amazing scenic beauty & diverse cultures. Also referred to as Russia that shares its borders with Finland, Lithuania and Poland (both with Kaliningrad Oblast), Belarus, Latvia, Ukraine, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, China, Norway, Estonia, Mongolia, and North Korea. Russia is that the largest country within the world and is approximately 1.8 times the dimensions of the us of America. Moscow is that the capital of Russia.
As far as medical education cares , Russia are often termed because the originator of MBBS abroad options available for Indian MBBS aspirants today. It gives an absolute relief to Indian medical students, as they’re facing an enormous mess or a high competition for getting admission in Top Medical Colleges of India.
When trying to find the simplest destination to try to to your MBBS, Russia comes at the highest . Russia isn’t just the simplest country to review medicine in Europe, but all across the world .
Russian education system ranks 26th within the world. it’s seen as a top study destination for those that want to review MBBS in Europe.
Among the big variety of programs provided by the country, medicine stands undeniably on the highest
Studying MBBS in Russia is a good option for Indian students. If you are thinking of admission to MBBS in foreign countries like Russia then you must know all the procedures and formalities.
#1 At first you have to find the top-level study abroad consultancy who are the direct authorized admission partners of such colleges and universities in which you want to get admission.
#2 They will check your all eligibility criteria and documents which are required for admission to the MBBS course in Russia.
#3 If everything is fine, they will discuss and explain all the details fee structures & all facilities services they provide with written documents or prospectus.
#4 If you are ready to take admission, they will book your seat in that college first with nominal seat booking charges.
# 5 After that you will get the admission confirmation letter from that college or university.
#6 Then they will complete your all other processes like Visa etc…
#7 They will confirm your air ticket to go to Russia.
#8 After landing there they will receive you from the airport and it is their responsibility to take you into the hostel or college campus.
#9 Finally your consultancy is responsible to provide all the related services throughout the
Eduindex 
You must be logged in to post a comment.