Category: Education

Education is the process of facilitating learning, or the acquisition of knowledge, skills, values, morals, beliefs, and habits.

Provide Poor Lunch Organization(PPLO)

PPLO is started by G.Sanjay on 2019 as an initiative to serve the lunch to the poor people who starve for food.

PPLO’s motive is to “Reduce Shortage by Donating the Wastage“.

FOOD WASTAGE- A SHORT GLIMPSE AND STATS:

Having food is something to celebrate but have you ever wondered consciously just much food you waste. Have you ever stopped to analyze just how much food is wasted in your household, society, country and the world? It is not something that people, who have food readily available whenever they feel hungry, worry about. However, for people who are not even able to eat one meal a day, often wonder if all the food that is being wasted around them on a daily basis could have filled their stomach.

Food waste is an issue of importance to global food security and the environment. But what a lot people may not realise is that is impacts a country’s economy as well. Every day, food suitable for human consumption is wasted in large quantities in medium and high-income countries at the retail and consumer level. In fact, a significant food loss and waste occur at the production to processing stages in the food supply chain in low-income countries. 

Food Wastage in India:

Contrary to the belief of Indians that we don’t waste food, data showed that India wastes as much food as the whole of United Kingdom consumes. In fact, food wastage is an alarming issue in India and country’s streets, garbage bins and landfills have sufficient evidence to prove this. According to the United Nations Development Programme, up to 40 per cent of the food produced in India is wasted and about 21 million tonnes of wheat are wasted annually. 

You don’t even have to scour through several resources to see how much food is wasted in the country. During the nationwide lockdown this year, India registered high wastage because of a poor supply chain. Food delivery website MilkBasket lost 15,000 litres of milk and 10,000 kg of vegetables in a single day after delivery agents were denied entry in societies due to lockdown. Farmers in Belagavi district of Karnataka spilt thousands of litres of milk in a river after they could not reach the people due to the lockdown. Several other reports surfaces which showed how much food was wasted.

Food Wastage stats:

  • Around 67 million tonnes of food is wasted in India every year which has been valued at around Rs 92,000 crores. For context, this amount is enough to feed all of Bihar for a year
  • Annually, nearly 21 million metric tonnes of wheat rots in India. This figure is equal to Australia’s total annual production
  • According to old 2018 BMC data, Mumbai generates close to 9,400 metric tonnes of solid waste per day, from which 73% is food, vegetable, and fruit waste, while only 3% is plastic. 
  • National Delhi also generates around 9,000 metric tonnes of waste per day, with the country’s largest landfill located in East Delhi.

Economic Impact:

Food Wastage not only leads to negative environmental impact but also causes economic loss. According to an FAO report, approximately one-third of all food produced for human consumption is lost or wasted. The economic costs of this food wastage are substantial and amount to about $1 trillion each year. However, the hidden costs of food wastage extend much further.  In addition to the $1 trillion of economic costs per year, environmental costs reach around $700 billion and social costs around $900 billion.

Global food wastage costs as per FAO report:

  • 3.5 Gt CO2e of greenhouse gas emissions. Based on the social cost of carbon, these are estimated to cause $394 billion of damages per year.
  • Increased water scarcity, particularly for dry regions and seasons. Globally, this is estimated to cost $164 billion per year.
  • Soil erosion due to water is estimated to cost USD 35 billion per year through nutrient loss, lower yields biological losses and off-site damages. The cost of wind erosion may be of a similar magnitude.
  • Risks to biodiversity including the impacts of pesticide use, nitrate and phosphorus eutrophication, pollinator losses and fisheries overexploitation are estimated to cost $32 billion per year.
  • Increased risk of conflict due to soil erosion, estimated to cost $396 billion per year.
  • Loss of livelihoods due to soil erosion estimated to cost $333 billion per year.
  • Adverse health effects due to pesticide exposure, estimated to cost $153 billion per year.

Earlier this year, former Union Minister of Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution Ram Vilas Paswan said that in financial year 2019-20, foodgrain wastage in the country stood at 1,930 tonnes, which was 0.002 per cent of the total procurement. The total procurement in FY 2019-20 was 751.72 LMT (Lakh Metric Tonnes). The minister shared the data on Twitter and asserted that the notion that foodgrain wastage is high in FCI (Food Corporation of India) godowns is not true. While he was right, the truth is that over a thousand tonnes of foodgrains was wasted which could have fed millions of people. 

Now that it is clear that food wastage cripples a country’s economy to an extent that most are unaware, some measures that the government needs to take is to include containing wastage in transportation, improve storage facilities. Food processing also needs to be sped up so food is saved and wasted less to feed more. 

PPLO’s WORK:

In PPLO Sanjay and his friends collects the food wasted by common people from their schools and houses and test the quality of the food ensuring that only healthier and good food will be served. We then serve the lunch for the poor people in need instead of throwing to the dusbin. If we find the food has been contaminated we convert the food into a manure by composting.

So in PPLO we ensure that the food is not wasted and it is either used to feed humans or to nurture plants.

Chennai: Fish sales remain extremely poor

Why eat lunch?

Lunch is an important meal for everyone. It provides energy and nutrients to keep the body and brain working efficiently through the afternoon. A packed lunch made at home can be a healthy and delicious choice and gives you control over the foods and ingredients included so the mothers or fathers or children who cook their food for loved ones can able to help the people in need by donating their wastage. So, we took a step to serve the lunch to the needs.

We were able to provide lunch for the slum consisting of 370 people from food collected from a single school. So, we can able to feed the whole world if the wastage is managed properly.

Food waste as fertilizer.

Foods which we find contaminated are transformed to manure to Grow plants. We could use all the food waste and prepare a compost out of them which can be used as organic fertilizer. This way we save the earth from the pollution caused by food waste and also do something productive.

Food waste is unique as a composting agent, it is the main source of organic matters. Fruits, vegetables grains, coffee filters, eggshells can be composted.

PPLO MISSION:

FOOD FOR ALL AND WASTE FOR NONE.

PPLO ACCOMPLISHMENT:

PPLO was successful in providing lunch for nearly 400 people from the food remains generated by a school of 527 students.

If you would like to support PPLO or if you need support from PPLO

Please Contact: s98208366@gmail.com

Money and it’s Functions

Money a commodity accepted by general consent as a medium of economic exchange. It is basically the legal tender of exchange. The paper currency which we use today has a long history behind it’s origin and evolution. Even today, money is continuously evolving, going from paper to plastic to digital. Over the years, money has changed it’s forms several times but what hasn’t changed is it’s functions. No matter what form it is used in, money almost always serves the same functions.
The functions of money are categorised as primary, secondary and contingent functions.

Primary Functions of Money:

Under this category, money performs it’s two main functions that are medium of exchange and unit of value. In the former case, money has removed the need of double coincidence of wants, something which was very much needed in the batter system which was used earlier. Being a medium of exchange means being generally acceptable. This gives the user freedom of choice and economic independence. It also acts as an intermediary and facilities exchange.
Money as unit of value means money is the standard for measuring values of all goods and services. This value is expressed in terms of price. Price is in terms of monetary unit and money acts as the determiner of rate of exchange. It also helps in calculating important economic parameters like costs, revenue, profits etc.

Secondary Functions of Money:

Under this, money performs three functions. It acts as a standard of deferred payments, it acts as a store of value and as a transfer of value. Money as a standard of deferred payments means that money acts as a standard for payments, which are to be made in future.
Money as a store of value means that money can be used to transfer purchasing power from present to future. Money is a way to store wealth. Although wealth can be stored in other forms also, but money is the most economical and convenient way. Money as a transfer value refers to the fact that money has velocity. It keeps transferring from person to other person.

https://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/economics/money/primary-and-secondary-functions-of-money/30307

Contingent Functions of Money:


Money performs certain contingent functions. These include: distribution of national income, maximization of satisfaction, basis of credit system, money as the most liquid asset. Money helps in distribution of the national product in the form of rent, wage, interest and profit, which are expressed in money terms. Money helps the consumers and producers in maximizing their satisfaction. A consumer derives maximum satisfaction when marginal utility is greater than marginal cost. Money helps in credit creation for banks. Money as a store of value has encouraged savings by people in the form of demand deposits in banks. These deposits are used for generating credit. Money is the most liquid asset of all assets in which wealth is healed. Individuals hold wealth in numerous forms ranging from currency, demand deposits, time deposits to bonds , savings, treasury bills etc. All these forms can be converted into money and vice versa.

https://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/economics/money/contingent-functions-of-money-in-economics/30310

Volcano Eruption

“We are, all of us, growing volcanoes that approach the hour of their eruption, but how near or distant that is, nobody knows- not even God.”

~ Friedrich Nietzsche

We always talk about , what it would be like to see volcano eruption in front of your eyes ?

How amazing it would be like to find out , how the volcano erupt ?

There are many things that we don’t know exist in our earth 🌍. Do you want to know about it . If yes , than read the editorial .

Introduction

A volcano is a rupture in the crust of a planetary-mass object, such as Earth, that allows hot lava, volcanic ash, and gases to escape from a magma chamber below the surface.

On Earth, volcanoes are most often found where tectonic plates are diverging or converging, and most are found underwater.

The word volcano is derived from the name of Vulcano, a volcanic island in the Aeolian Islands of Italy whose name in turn comes from Vulcan, the god of fire in Roman mythology.

Many ancient accounts ascribe volcanic eruptions to supernatural causes, such as the actions of gods or demigods. To the ancient Greeks, volcanoes’ capricious power could only be explained as acts of the gods, while 16th/17th-century German astronomer Johannes Kepler believed they were ducts for the Earth’s tears.[87] One early idea counter to this was proposed by Jesuit Athanasius Kircher (1602–1680), who witnessed eruptions of Mount Etna and Stromboli, then visited the crater of Vesuvius and published his view of an Earth with a central fire connected to numerous others caused by the burning of sulfur, bitumen and coal.

Types of eruptions

  • Hydrothermal eruption. An eruption driven by the heat in a hydrothermal systems.
  • Phreatic eruption. An eruption driven by the heat from magma interacting with water.
  • Phreatomagmatic eruption.
  • Lava.
  • Strombolian and Hawaiian eruptions.
  • Vulcanian eruptions.
  • Subplinian and Plinian eruptions.

How do volcanoes erupt?

Deep within the Earth it is so hot that some rocks slowly melt and become a thick flowing substance called magma. Since it is lighter than the solid rock around it, magma rises and collects in magma chambers. Eventually, some of the magma pushes through vents and fissures to the Earth’s surface. Magma that has erupted is called lava.

The explosivity of an eruption depends on the composition of the magma. If magma is thin and runny, gases can escape easily from it.
Explosive volcanic eruptions can be dangerous and deadly.

Humans and volcanoes

Volcanic eruptions pose a significant threat to human civilization. However, volcanic activity has also provided humans with important resources.

Although volcanic eruptions pose considerable hazards to humans, past volcanic activity has created important economic resources.

Volcanic ash and weathered basalt produce some of the most fertile soil in the world, rich in nutrients such as iron, magnesium, potassium, calcium, and phosphorus.

Volcanic activity is responsible for emplacing valuable mineral resources, such as metal ores.

The paradox of volcanoes was that they were symbols of destruction but also life. Once the lava slows and cools, it solidifies and then breaks down over time to become soil – rich, fertile soil.
She wasn’t a black hole, she decided. She was a volcano. And like a volcano she couldn’t run away from herself. She’d have to stay there and tend to that wasteland.
She could plant a forest inside herself.

Matt Haig, The Midnight Library

Link

The Importance of Good Hygiene!!!

 Maintaining good personal hygiene is very important for your health and social reasons. Also, the presence of the COVID-19 virus makes it much necessary to maintain good personal hygiene. Well, it’s a poor choice if you don’t maintain good hygiene. And if you do maintain it, it’ll benefit your health and also it impacts the people around you. It necessitates keeping your hand, head, body, and the place around you clean, to stop the spread of germs and illness. 

We also must see the social benefits as it is associated with cleaning your body on a day-to-day basis, it reduces the chances of body odor and thus preventing any chances of embarrassment at school or work.

Why does a good personal hygiene routine look like?

As of now, we know the necessity and importance of maintaining a good personal hygiene routine – but what does it contain?

Given below are steps one can follow to keep themselves and their families clean and free of germs that could cause future illness.

Hand washing 

Our hands are the biggest carriers of germs. We use our hands to interact with different surfaces like shaking hands with people, eating our meals, while playing, using a keyboard, using a common telephone, etc.

Maintaining good hand hygiene can protect you from illness caused by germs and bacteria such as cold, cough, flu, etc. You can protect yourself from illnesses caused by germs and bacteria by washing your hands frequently with soap and water, sanitizer, or any liquid soap. You should wash your hands:-

★Before and after eating.

★Before cooking fold.

★After using the toilet.

★After being in contact with an animal.

★After coughing, sneezing, or being in contact with someone who is ill.

Dental Care

Maintaining oral hygiene is as important as maintaining hand hygiene. Maintaining it can prevent gum disease, bad breath, tooth decay, and many other infections. Always remember to:-

★Floss your teeth daily.

★Make sure you brush your teeth twice a day.

★Store your toothbrush in a clean, dry place and replace it regularly.

Bathing

Do take baths on a day-to-day basis to maintain good personal hygiene. Daily bathing is an essential part of good personal hygiene because:-

★Taking bath with soap and warm water can kill odor-causing bacteria.

★Skin infections can be reduced by washing and drying the infected area.

★ Shampooing and conditioning your hair at least once a week can keep the scalp clean and free from head lice.

Hygienic Clothes

Germs and bacteria also can stick to your clothes. It is very important to wash your clothes after each use, especially after being contacted by an ill person. You can add antiseptic liquids to your laundry load to remove germs.

Maintaining a personal hygiene routine is not that difficult. Once you get used to it, it becomes a habit. And also it is important to give a message to your family members, and especially children, to make their own hygiene routines.

How I lost 25 kilos.

Weight loss obviously varies from person to person, As someone who has lost 25 kilos in a year I feel like I am qualified to give you some tips. Just remember that every body is different what worked for someone else may not work for you but you should not be disheartened and also remember that weight loss is possible. I personally thought i would never lose weight but here i am. These tips I am going to give you are tips that you can adopt into your lifestyle even after you have lost the weight, even if you don’t want to lose weight and you want to maintain these tips, will help you. Also if you want to lose weight start now, you cannot give any excuses as it is your life. If you lose weight it will benefit you and if you continue your unhealthy lifestyle it will affect no one but you.

  1. Change your diet.

I cannot stress how important it is to change your diet. No matter how much you workout if your diet is bad you will never lose weight. First thing you need to do is go to a dietician. These people are professionals, they have learnt how to figure out what is the root cause of the weight gain. One thing you need to remember is that everyone gains weight for a reason. A dietician finds that reason and fixes it. Even if you change your diet and workout less you will see a change in your weight. Usually carbs are the main reason for the increase in weight, so your dietician may ask you to lay off of it for a while. When you suddenly change your diet your body is not able to cope and ends up shedding the fat. I understand how hard it is to not eat your favorite food because I have gone through it but trust me the results are totally worth it.

2. Get at least 30 mins of physical activity a day.

Everyday for at least 30 mins you must do some sort of physical activity. it can be walking, cycling, running, yoga, Pilates, dance or you can even go shopping. Your body needs to move. The human body has not been designed to stay in one position for a long time. By not moving your body you are actually doing harm to your body. The muscles built for movement are wasting away. 30 mins a day is all you need. Of course as you lose more weight the time you allocate for exercise needs to increase as it gets harder to lose weight. I personally hate working out in gyms, so I initially at the start of my weight loss used to dance and then now I do a mix of walking and other workouts for YouTube.

3. Control your snacking

Personally I can talk about this all day. My main problem was snacking. I never ate huge meals, infact I always ate lesser than everyone. But i was a huge snacker. I loved fried food like chips, biscuits, puffs etc. I was a person who ate when I was bored. I could probably finish a huge packet of chips all on my own even now. I also want to say that snacking is not bad, it is essential to snack throughout the day but you must see how much and what you eat. Establishing a control on my mind to help stop snacking was hard but I was able to do it, and I realize that it is harder for some to stop snacking but you can start slow. Its the change that matters. Don’t skip meals because that is going to make you hungrier and in turn is going to make you snack more. Some changes that I brought into my lifestyle were, whenever I was hungry I ate something, never starve yourself. I ate healthier snacks like fruits, nuts, healthy whole wheat biscuits. Ensure that the nuts are unsalted. You need to keep in mind that even the healthy snacks need to be eaten in moderation.

4. Eat homecooked meals

Home cooked meals are the best. They are delicious, nutritious and cost efficient. I cannot deny that fast food or the food you get in restaurants is not good, they are really good but we don’t know what exactly goes into the food. Once in a while food from outside is ok but never make it a habit. You may have noticed that you may eat a lot of food and home and not feel full but if you eat even a little from outside you instantly feel full, this is because of Sodium. The combination of fat, sugar, and lots of sodium (salt) can make fast food tastier to some people. But diets high in sodium can lead to water retention, which is why you may feel puffy, bloated, or swollen after eating fast food.

5. Try to avoid sugar

Did you know that sugar is also known as the ‘White Poison’. Sugar is so tasty but not even its taste can make up for its disadvantages. Increased sugar consumption obviously can lead to diabetes and if you are obese your chances are increased by 75%. In my case I have a family history of diabetes and being obese caused my blood sugar to be really high. I was on the verge of being diabetic but luckily I reduced my blood sugar. Lesser known fact is that most of the fast foods have not only a huge amount of salt but sugar as well.

These are some basic tips that helped me change my life for the better. Nothing is impossible and you are never too late. But first and foremost you need to accept that you are unhealthy and that you need help. So make the first step towards a happier and healthier life.

History of Java Programming Language

What is Java?

Java is a programming language and computing platform first released by Sun Micro systems in 1995. There are lots of applications and websites that will not work unless you have Java installed, and more are created every day. Java is fast, secure, and reliable. From laptops to data centers, game consoles to scientific supercomputers, cell phones to the Internet, Java is everywhere!

History of Java

The history of Java is very interesting. Java was originally designed for interactive television, but it was too advanced technology for the digital cable television industry at the time. The history of Java starts with the Green Team. Java team members (also known as Green Team), initiated this project to develop a language for digital devices such as set-top boxes, televisions, etc. However, it was best suited for internet programming. Later, Java technology was incorporated by Netscape.

1) James Gosling, Mike Sheridan, and Patrick Naughton initiated the Java language project in June 1991. The small team of sun engineers called Green Team.

2) Initially it was designed for small, embedded systems in electronic appliances like set-top boxes.

3) Firstly, it was called “Greentalk” by James Gosling, and the file extension was .gt.

4) After that, it was called Oak and was developed as a part of the Green project.

5) Why Oak? Oak is a symbol of strength and chosen as a national tree of many countries like the U.S.A., France, Germany, Romania, etc.

6) In 1995, Oak was renamed as “Java” because it was already a trademark by Oak Technologies.

7) In 1995, Time Magazine called Java One of the Best Product of year 1995.

Difference between Java and C++

Global Variables are not present

Use of goto is not observed

Pointers are not included

Memory Allocation functions are not present

Unsafe Type Casting is not supported

Preprocessor Directives are not present

Separate Header Files are not included

Java Features

Compiled and Interpreted

Platform Independent and Portable

Object Oriented

Robust and Secure

Dynamic

Distributed

Small, Simple and Familiar

Multithreaded

Conclusion

Java offers the real possibility that most programs can be written in a type-safe language. However, for Java to be broadly useful, it needs to have more expressive power than it does at present. This paper addresses one of the areas where more power is needed.

Done Class 12th , What Next?

After the class 10th and 12th people usually have a dilemma of what to do next. Most of the children opt for medical and non-medical lines eying to become a computer science engineer or a doctor. In most cases people chose these streams purely based on pay, some due to parental pressure – Well Sharma Ji’s son and daughter are engineer and doctor so how can their relative’s children chose arts or commerce. This is a common notion throughout the country. Other professions are not considered at par. But what exactly are other professions?

After class 10th streams are broadly divided into Medical, Non-medical, Commerce, and Arts. The detailed professions after class 12th are below:

See the source image

Non-Medical

It mainly comprises physics chemistry and math. Most of the people do BTech which is further branched into a plethora of fields like Computer science, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical and so on. People also do Bachelor of Architecture which comprises building construction. Besides this people can also opt for 3 year long BSc courses in the field of Mathematics, Chemistry, Physics, Computer Application.

Medical

After completing physics chemistry and biology students have options like MBBS, BDS which comprises of Dental Science, B Pharma. ( a 4 year long for becoming a chemist) , BSc Nursing, BHMS (Bachelor of Homoeopathic Medicine and Surgery), BAMS (Bachelor of Ayurvedic Medicine and Surgery). Just like Non, medical students can also opt for B.Sc. in Chemistry, Biology, Physics.

See the source image

Commerce

They have math, economics, accounts, business studies as their subjects. The most popular stream followed after class 12th is B.COM, a 3-year long course consisting of subjects related to finance and commerce. People who further want to do MBA usually opt for B.COM. There also other courses like BBA (Bachelor of Business Administration), CA, etc.

Arts

There are innumerous subjects like political science, history, English, economics, etc. Usually, people opt for BA after class 12th which can be done for various subjects like philosophy, political science, English, etc. People whose interest lies in drawing and painting chose BFA (Bachelor of Fine Arts). After that, they can take various professions like interior designing, etc.

Common courses

There are various courses which a student can opt after class 12th irrespective of their branch. People interested in law can opt for LLB (Bachelor of Law). People belonging to the agriculture domain opt for B.Sc. Agriculture. To become a fashion designer students do B.Sc. in Fashion Design. Students having a passion for teaching opt for B.Ed. in their particular domain. People who are intrigued by mass communication and journalism opt for BJMS(Bachelor of Journalism and Mass Communication. Likewise, there are various other fields.

Although there are various fields to explore students usually are restricted to particular fields like medical and non-medical. However, if someone has a passion in a particular domain, he/she will find success one day or another …

Course Description: Bachelor of Management Studies

Introduction

Bachelor of Management Studies or BMS is an undergraduate program for management studies offered by many universities throughout the world. The course allows you to obtain the knowledge and skills needed to assume management positions in a wide range of organizations. Management studies program provide students with a solid foundation in organizational behavior and human resource management while electives in labor-management relations, negotiation, conflict resolution, compensation systems and organizational development allow students to develop deeper knowledge in specific areas of interest. In addition to business management course, it will equip you to understand how organizations work, how they are managed, and how they interact with object oriented programming using c++ and data structures, national and international environments.

Course Structure

  • Core and Major Curriculum

This program enables students to develop advanced knowledge and skills in a range of business functions while setting them within the wider context of current business practice. In the first and second years, students have a variety of choices with an understanding of the role of the core business disciplines:

  • Accounting
  • Introduction to finance
  • Operations and Information management
  • Human resource management
  • Introduction to marketing
  • Micro Economics
  • Organizational Behavior
  • Business Law

In third year, students will study Organizational Strategy and they will have a choice of subjects from a list of options, based on their own interests and career aspirations. These options offer excellent opportunities to gain relevant work experience to prepare for their careers or add an international dimension to their undergraduate study.

Main Course Descriptions

  • What is Management?

This course gives a brief introduction to the critical management skills involved in planning, structuring, controlling and leading an organization. It provides a framework to help students understand managing and being managed. Thus, leading them to become a more effective contributor to organizations that they join. Students can develop a system view of organizations through examining organizations as part of a context. It aims to train the learners to diagnose and suggest the suitable solutions to various managerial and organizational cases.

  • What is Human Resource Management

The focus of this course is to explore the principles of leading and managing people efficiently in today’s global enterprises. In this field, students access HR policy and practice in the areas of employment law, job analysis, employee relations and international HRM.

  • What is Organizational Behavior

This organizational behavior course combines classic arguments and contemporary empirical debates by discussing different elements of organizational structure. It introduces theoretical and empirical research on individual, interpersonal and group effectiveness at work. Course topics can be extended from decision making, motivation, leadership, teamwork to organizational culture. The learning method highly focuses on applying the essential tools of human side of management in role-play exercises and group projects in global organizations.

  • What is Economics for Management

The objective of the course is to show students how economics theory is related to the applications in managerial decision making and how resources are allocated and coordinated to achieve the organizations’ end goal. It emphasizes microeconomics ideas to solve problems and define the main concepts and models used in economic analysis. “Course topics covered include consumer theory, production, applications to the labor market, market structure, monopoly, oligopoly, product differentiation, pricing, decision analysis, bargaining, auctions, and asymmetric information.”

  • What is Law and Policy

The primary aim of the course is to make students aware of the basic legal concepts and implications affecting business transactions. It fosters a deeper practical sense of how to critically manage the important relationship between business and the natural environment 

  • What is Organizational Strategy

The first half of the course studies strategic situations and learn how to utilize the analytical tools to evaluate a firm’s position in the industry. Due to the modeling foundation of game theory, students will be tackled the real-world challenges and build the appropriate action plans .The second half of the course explores the evidence of different managerial styles and the impact on firm process, organizational change and corporate culture that constitute today’s collaborative business environments.

Optional Courses

The flexible management courses share a common first year before allowing you to focus on your chosen specialism to enhance your career prospects. The dissertation and optional modules allow students considerable opportunities to focus their studies on areas of special interest. Students are able to choose some elective modules (optional courses) from a selection list include:

  • Strategic management
  • Managerial Economics
  • Bank Strategy and Management
  • Entrepreneurship
  • Introduction to International Business
  • Leadership
  • Advanced Financial Accounting

Conclusion

Business management focuses on the organising, planning and analysing of business activities that are required to efficiently manage and run a business.You will learn what makes an organisation successful in a saturated global business environment and will gain the knowledge and skills required to work for businesses of all sizes – from multinational companies to start-ups. 

Magic ! An illusion…

Image credit: Julius Drost

Magic , which encompasses the subgenres of illusion, stage magic, and close up magic, among others, is a performing art in which audiences are entertained by tricks, effects, or illusions of seemingly impossible feats, using natural means.



Observe, all these points before you start practicing Magic;
1. As a magician you should face the audience with a smile on your face, cracking jokes and fluent language.
2. Be confident with your presentation, without stage fear. Presentation depends upon the performer.
3. You may need to face many kind of audience, tough people, naughty boys and many questions you should be ready with your answers.
4. Practice the magic several times before stage presentation. As “Practice Makes Man Perfect.”
5. Practices should be done in front of the mirror which will make your mistakes visible.
6. Watch as many magic shows as possible and study their manners.
7. Preserve your magic items and chemicals in a safe place properly locked.
8. Be careful while you handle chemicals, blades, knifes, fire. Read instructions thoroughly.
9. Chemical tricks should be done in adult supervision only. If a child is practicing magic tricks then, it’s parent or supervisor should be there to observe him.
10. Never neglect the small tricks. These are often most mystifying than stage illusions .
11. Accidents may occur, while performing chemical tricks be careful.
12. Mistakes do occur while doing magic but you must have the talent to divert the concentration of the audience.
13. The more you perform, the more you learn about the Magic and mind of the audience.
14. Join in a reputed Magic circle, read Magic journals, Magic Magazines.
15. Never repeat the same tricks before the same audience.
16. It is better to present the show with least number of assistants.
17. Self-confidence is important for the performer to present without hesitation.
18. Magic is a skill, wonderful art, else there are no psychic powers, super natural powers it is all illusion that is created by the magician.
19. Train your assistants perfectly else you have to be ashamed before the audience.
20. A magician must win the audience’s mind, to create a perfect illusion.
21. Never criticize other’s performances in your shows.
22. Never prove that, what magic you are performing is because of God or such superstitious beliefs. Show people that, there are people who are exploiting poor and innocent people in the name of God and showing some tricks .
23. Make a list of your performance item wise.
24. Choose your dialogues carefully and then talk neatly.
25. Never under estimate the audience. They are more clever than you. People may vary in their expressions, everyone’s reactions will be different.
26. Carry few pocket tricks with you, when you attend small functions, parties and picnics with your simple tricks you can entertain every one.
27. Do not apply lengthy procedure’s because audience do not have patience to watch So.
28. Better you perform happy half an hour than two dull hours.
29. After one show rearrange your tricks for the next show, it is a good habit.
30. Always have at least one spare item for your trick for emergency.
31. The place you choose for giving performance should be clean. Arrange your items neatly and your dress should also be suitable for the magician look.
32. Pack up your items as soon as to show is completed, otherwise curious person may tamper with it.
33. Say to people you have no Mantras or Tantras in your show . This truth may attract more audience for your show .
34. When you read good magic books or observe shows of other magicians note down the particular points neatly .
35. Finally , education is important; for your passion do not spoil your educational future.

A Brief Understanding of Schizophrenia

Schizophrenia is a chronic and severe mental disorder that affects the way a person thinks, behaves, expresses emotions and perceives reality. It affects around 20 million people worldwide, so it is not as common as other mental illnesses like depression or anxiety disorder. However, it is perhaps the most chronic and disabling one. It is quite evident when people are suffering from schizophrenia, as they act very abnormally and differently. This is why schizophrenics often have problems doing well in society, school, work or in their personal relationships, as they appear to have lost touch with reality and do not know how to behave like a normal, sociable people. Hence, schizophrenia is associated with considerable disability and greatly affects educational and occupational performance.

Causes

Till today, the exact causes of schizophrenia are still unknown. Research conducted on the topic suggests that it may be a combination of genetic, physical, psychological and environmental factors that cause it. So the causes may range from genetic inheritance, chemical imbalances in the brain, and the use of certain drugs and medication, to external environmental factors like trauma, excessive stress, etc.

Symptoms

As mentioned before, schizophrenia causes a wide range of symptoms on a mental, behavioural and emotional level. These symptoms may vary in number and degree from one schizophrenic to another, but there are some commonly seen symptoms among all of them;

  • Hallucinations – Seeing or hearing things in their heads, which are not there in reality. A hallucinating schizophrenic may see or hear something that do not exist, but they fully believe that it is a real experience.
  • Delusions – These are false or fictitious beliefs that schizophrenics have which are not real. Such delusions could be that someone is constantly following them when no one is, or delusions of grandeur where the schizophrenic feels as if he/she is some great, famous person.
  • Disorganized Thinking (Speech) – This means that schizophrenics lack proper communication skills and do not have much interactive capability. They may only half answer questions or not respond at all, and their speech might be meaningless and incomprehensible.
  • Disorganized Motor Behavior – Even their body movements and postures are often abnormal. The behavior may be childlike and unpredictable, and often is not focused on performing any task. They may even require help to perform daily life functions like brushing teeth, eating, etc.
  • Negative Symptoms – This generally refers to their lack of ability to function like a normal human being. They may lack hygiene and care for themselves. They may also lack emotion, or express emotions at wrong times, like showing happiness at a funeral.

Treatment

Since schizophrenia is chronic, even treatment for it is lifelong. Unfortunately, schizophrenia cannot be cured, but it can be controlled. Treatment can help the afflicted person manage the symptoms of the illness and avoid hospitalization. There is no blanket treatment plan and doctors will often tailor it to suit the individual persons. The cornerstone of schizophrenia treatment is medication. Schizophrenics will most commonly be given antipsychotic drugs to keep control of the mental disabilities and allow the person to think and function somewhat normally. Along with this, even psychosocial support from family members and in the form of counselling can help a person develop coping skills in life. This is especially important because schizophrenics often have suicidal thoughts and tendencies, and having a social support system helps them in averting these thoughts and gives them hope.

It is important to highlight here that there is a stigma, and discrimination against people with schizophrenia is common nowadays. They are also often abandoned by their families or relatives thinking that they are beyond saving. We must learn as a society that such people are not as fortunate as us, and suffer from inflictions that we cannot even imagine. Society must be educated on the fact that they are not dangerous or scary people, and must be encouraged to seek help. Hence, we must do all we can to support schizophrenics and provide them with the best help we can.

Yoga- A guide to health

Yoga is the practice of communicating with and exploring your inner self. It includes various postures and meditation to connect and enrich your soul. International Yoga Day is celebrated every year on 21st June to advocate the importance of a healthy lifestyle. It is an excellent way to calm our muscles from the work stress and sharpen our mind. Usually it is performed early morning to start the day fresh and active. It is not just a series of exercise you may wonder, it requires to keep hold of a pose/asana in order to be effective.

Nothing is easy in this world if you don’t have the correct guidance. The speciality of yoga lies in the holding of poses which is quite difficult but on the same hand, teaches patience.

Below are some of the postures to start yoga journey for a beginner:

  1. Vrikshasana (The Tree pose)

This is a very basic, easy and beneficial pose.

Procedure for Vrikshasana–

  • Stand straight with arms at your sides.
  • Now bend your right leg with your right foot pointing the left leg. Rest the foot above the left knee and balance it.
  • Now slowly stretch your arms out and bring them above your head together. Try to join hands above your head and balance it.
  • Focus yourself on a specific point to maintain balance and avoid distraction.
  • Keep this pose for as long as 10 -15 seconds as a beginner extending to 30-40 seconds with daily practice.
  • Repeat it by keeping your left foot above the right knee.

Advantages of Vrikshasana–

This pose helps balance your body by lifting your weight to one side and also improves focus. The blood circulates with more ease and the some tensions in the back are also resolved by practising this asana. It is a stretching exercise therefore contributing to growth and development of the body in terms of height as well as stamina.

People having leg injury should not perform it.

2. Padmasana

It is a sitting posture.

Procedure for Padmasana–

  • Sit on a mat with back straight, legs folded and arms at your sides.
  • Now move your right foot and rest it on the left thigh.
  • Shift your left foot and keep it on the right thigh. Take help of your hands in doing so.
  • Straighten your back and keep your hands on the folded knees. The hands should be free and not stiff.
  • Now take one or two deep breaths and release the pose slowly by moving legs back to a comfortable position with the help of your hands.
  • Relax and repeat the same steps once again.

Advantages of Padmasana–

This is a very relaxing pose once you get habitual to it. It aligns the back and strengthens the leg muscles. The deep breaths help in blood circulation and body functioning through lungs and heart. This pose calms the mind and helps release stress and anxiety.

It should not be performed in case of knee injury or back injury.

3. Tadasana

It is a wonderful pose to increase height.

Procedure for Tadasana–

  • Stand straight.
  • Now slowly lift your body weight to your toes.
  • Stretch up your arms above your head simultaneously.
  • When you have balanced to stand on your toes, lock your fingers of both hands together and start stretching yourself higher on your toes.
  • Hold it for 10-15 seconds as a beginner extending to 30-40 seconds with practice, once you achieve the highest stretch.
  • Release slowly once you are done and repeat it after relaxing for a few seconds.

Advantages of Tadasana–

It stretches the overall body muscles and increases stamina. This asana helps improve focus and maintain balance.

People having any injury in shoulder, legs or back should consult doctor before performing this.

4. Trikonasana (The triangle pose)

It is a standing pose of bending.

Procedure for the triangle pose–

  • Stand with your back straight and legs apart (around 3 feet).
  • Move your arms parallel to the ground besides your shoulder.
  • The arms should be straight throughout and facing down.
  • Now slowly bend yourself from the waist area to the right being in the same position of arms and legs.
  • Try to touch your toes with your hands keeping your back straight.
  • Knees should not be bent.
  • Hold the pose for 5 breaths or as per convenience when you have reached maximum of your bend.
  • Return to the starting position slowly and repeat it on the other side (left).

Advantages of the triangle pose– 

It enhances strength and balance. This pose is good for increasing height and improving flexibility in the waist area.

You should consult a doctor first in case of injury in the waist, hips or a back injury.

5. Paschimottanasana

It is the seated forward bend pose.

Procedure for Paschimottanasana–

  • Sit on a mat with back straight and legs open forward.
  • Keep your legs straight and together with toes facing up and heels straight on the ground.
  • Stretch your arms bringing them above your head. Grab up your hands.
  • Now slowly bend your back to the front by stretching with your straight arms.
  • Try to touch your toes with your hands.
  • Hold for 2 or 3 breaths once you reach your maximum bend.
  • Now slowly come back to the position by straightening your back and moving the arms down.
  • Repeat after relaxing for a few seconds.
  • Remember to not bend the knees while doing it.

Advantages of Paschimottanasana–

This pose helps improve flexibility, stamina and will power. It also builds confidence and strengthens our muscles.

You should consult a doctor first, in case of knee or back injury.

Importance of Yogasana:

Yoga is a wonderful solution to many health related problems not only physically but mentally as well. It cures many problems and protects from infections and injuries. There are many more yoga postures than stated above which affect our life in a healthy way. These are basic to start. Yoga is the key to happiness when it comes to a busy and tensed life and work stress. Everyone should include it in their daily routine to keep a check of their health and fitness. It is a field of development. The range of postures is limitless and one never gets bored of them when it becomes a part of life. It is suitable for every age group, any gender and is applicable worldwide. The moments of deep breaths make a part of meditation during yoga. The scope of yoga is not at all limited whether in terms of teaching or learning. What limits is the imagination and the lack of motivation in people to pursue it.

Each pose should be done with care and caution. It is very important to execute them properly to earn benefits and save from injury. Yoga is a great way to sharpen the mind, build confidence, stay fit and be healthy. Also, it offers many such health benefits. It all comes with practice and dedication. You need to be regular and determined to adopt it as a habit. The more time you give to it, the more fruitful the result would be.

How to Write An Effective Appeal Letter?

Want to write Appeal letter but don’t know how to write Appeal letter then this article is only for you and the learners who wants to learn letter writing. In today’s article we are sharing the steps, Tips or samples for writing Appeal letter.

Appeal letter is also known as a letter of request and it is used to investigate the veracity of the decision or judgment and ask the higher authorities to reconsider an issue.

Definitely appeal letters must be meticulous research and honest, because you are going to explain why you deserve that assigned different result.

Written appeal is an appropriate document to show their opposition to any decision that has become. Basically appeal letter is simply an attempt to take attention of an authority to reconsider some actions or decisions that have occurred.

In cases where unfair treatment has occurred, a letter of appeal can help to rectify the situation.
An appeal letter allows you to state your side of the story using facts to support your cause to convince the reader(s) to reconsider your case.

Steps to Write Appeal Letter:

1. The first paragraph should introduce yourself and explain why you are writing the letter.
Although it may be difficult, be sure to keep your tone and emotions in check to show that you can present an objective viewpoint. Keep the first paragraph as concise and clear
as possible so that the reader can immediately understand its urgency.

2. The next paragraph(s) should narrate the account of what happened, and why your appeal
should be granted. Include all the necessary facts in order to legitimize your case. You can start by referring to your handbook or guidelines as member of that particular group
or institution. Also, provide specific times and date when particular events occurred. To make your letter more reader-friendly, use bullet-points every time you need to
enumerate. After doing this, refer to testimonials from people related to your work, transcript of records, and medical certificate, if necessary.
3. The last part should summarize everything you have stated above. Repeat the necessary points that need to be elucidated. Also include the contact details and where you can be
reached.

4. Close out the letter by thanking the reader for their time.

Format of Appeal Letter:

Actual format of the appeal letter is simple and straightforward that usually contains three paragraphs.

Opening paragraph of Appeal Letter―

Opening paragraph of the letter of appeal contains the name of the writer, his / her address, contact information and the writer’s relationship with the subject indicated. The first paragraph should clearly identify the issues on appeal, together with the determination of the identity of the writer. After establishing these facts can move writer making his / her case. Here also indicate the reason for writing this letter.

The second paragraph of Appeal Letter :

The second paragraph contains brief descriptions about the nature of the problems and issues involved. The key facts must be stated as clearly as possible, avoiding emotional statements with statement of facts. Use bullet format to capture the special attention to the rational behind the current decision.

Reasons to support your appeal

Appeal letter should have made thoroughly to approach the weaknesses of this decision to initiate the case of review of decisions. This writer can use some other facts to refute the basis of the original decision. This section should contain sufficient reasons to support a second look at the decision to revise the information given, which is called as the attention to the appeal letter.

Closing paragraph of Appeal Letter

Closing paragraph of the letter of appeal must summarize the writer’s position and insist that the recipient of the letter to get all the facts in consideration as the basis to overturn the current decision. All verbiage in this section should be directed to promote a fair and impartial to the second look, without putting in any negative perception about someone who was involved in making the decision now under appeal.

Recipient of the letter of appeal

Appeal letter has been drafted by the Public Ministry in different conditions against different people.Appeal letter has been drafted by a lawyer at a legal meeting and called on lawmakers to overturn the decision that now defines certain aspects of local law. On the other hand, in a business meeting, letter of appeal may be delivered from a supplier to a peddler in the hope of restoring lost employment relationships or on average over the employees of an employer’s request to reverse recent changes in the procedure.

Sample of Appeal Letter Writing:

To write a very personalised appeal letter, you can use any of the samples provided and add your own message. Make sure you proofread your appeal letter carefully.
[Your Name]
[Address]
[City, State, Zip]
[Your Phone Number]
[Date of letter writing][Name of organization / official / department]
[Address of the organization or individual concern]
[City, State, Zip]
Subject: Summary of the reason for writing the appeal letter, ie a few.

Dear (insert name of the applicant):

I am writing this letter to you about a complaint submitted by [name of health care providers] on behalf of [patient name]. On [date], the charges were introduced and the amount was [insert the total amount claimed]. [Name of health professional] requires an additional payment and denied payment of this procedure to mention that. (Descriptionwriter procedural and Health Bureau had no license, while the procedure was carriedout)

The state of [name of State] does not imply a health agency in the home to be licensed.Visits by home health officers are also covered by my insurance plan. So I would like to re-evaluate the decision to refuse to pay for this procedure. A written documentation that supports my position is also attached to this letter.

Please re-evaluate the rebuttal. For more information, please contact me at 000-111-2222 so that we can provide the relevant information.

thanks

[Your signature] [Your full name typed]

Appeal Letter for Charity:

Bellow is a sample format of the letter of appeal for charity :
[Your Name]
[Address]
[City, State, Zip]
[Your Phone Number]
[Date of letter writing][Name of organization / official / department]
[Address of the organization or individual concern]
[City, State, Zip]
Dear Mr / Mrs (insert name here)

We students of (school name) are organizing a camp for children of (insert here the age limit). This program is specially designed for school children who can not afford their education.

This program is for (insert number of months) months and are planning to cover all areas in and around the main city of (insert the name of the city). As you know it’s an expensive program / project and welcome any help from your side for this program. Last year hadsuccessfully organized this type of field and generate great results. For your informationand reference, we have also included some documents related to the camp last year.Last year we also had media coverage so all the sponsors has a lot of publicity was beneficial for them too. At this time we also had coverage of the media to promote ourcamp and sponsors

Hope you will consider our request and we are looking forward to your positive response. For more information contact us at 111-111-1111. In this sense, one of our volunteers will visit for more information. Any help will be greatly appreciated.

Thanks and regards,

Your name,
firm
student Coordinator
Name of group or institution

How to Write Apology Letter: Writing Tips and Samples

Want to write apology letter but don’t know how to write apology letter then this article is only for you and the learners who wants to learn letter writing. In today’s article we are sharing the steps, Tips or samples for writing apology letter.

Apology letter shows that you are sorry and says that you value your relationship with the other party. The sooner an apology letter is written and sent out the better it is for the
relationship.

Depending on the nature of the letter, apology letter can either be written in the informal or the formal letter format.

How To Write Apology Letter:

Letter for Apology can either be written in formal format or the informal format .

Steps to Write Apology letter in Formal Format:

  1. If this is a personal letter you should start the letter by saying that you are sorry to the recipient.
  2. Next you should admit your fault and take responsibility for your actions.
  3. Next you should volunteer or ask if there is any way that you can help out to resolve the situation.
  4. Then you should let the recipient that you will try to make sure that the situation will not happen again.
  5. To close off the letter, you should apologize again.

When writing a personal apology letter it should come from the heart and be sincere.

Steps to Write Formal/Business Apology Letter:

  1. If this is a business letter you should start the letter by saying that you are sorry to the recipient.
  2. Next you should give an explanation as to what went wrong.
  3. Then you should try to rectify the problem.
  4. To close off the letter you should apologize again.

Example of Formal Apology Letter:

To write a very personalised formal apology letter, you can use any of the samples provided and add your own message. Make sure you proofread your formal apology letter carefully.
Following letter is an example of personal apology letter.
68 Looney Lane
Nostromo, NE 25385
Apt. 3-D
January 5, 2017
Dear Ripley,
I am sorry about forgetting about our lunch date. It was completely my fault; I was so busy at work that it must have slipped my mind. How about I treat you to lunch next Wednesday at the new Irish restaurant Crean’s Cabbage Factory at 12:30PM? I have marked this date in my planner, set reminders on all my phones, and placed various color-coded post-its around my studio apartment. I have also begun a watercolor, charcoaled-pastel self-portrait with a cloud speech bubble reminding me to remind myself that I need to pay attention more. I will never forget again.
Your best friend,
John Ash

Sorry Letter for Rude Behavior

1st June 2011

Mr. Charles Parker

Vincent Street-25

Black pool

United Kingdom

Dear friend,

I am really felt sorry on my behavior on orientation day at 27th May 2011. I am writing this to sincerely apologize for my rude behavior with our clients and subordinates on (27th May 2011). It is just because of high level of stress which I am facing these days due to some serious family problems. I realized that the way I behaved with our clients and my subordinates was not appropriate because I sound in arrogant and rude way. I also know that such behavior of mine can affect the image of our organization and cause a serious damage to our market reputation but I really feel sorry for that.

I am completely aware that my excuse is not the compensation of my behavior at work because it is obligatory for professional persons to keep their personal and professional life separate. But during course of life sometimes it happened that we seem it difficult to keep these family problems out of mind and right now I am in similar situation. I assure you that I shall not repeat this miss conduct in the near future. I am ready to bear anything in order to compensate this problem.

Please give me an opportunity to reconstruct the bridge of trust between us by giving me a privilege to compensate all this.

I genuinely and impatiently look forward to your high-mindedness.

Thanking You,

Sincerely,

Alex M. Campbell

Sample of Informal Apology Letter:

To write a very personalised informal apology letter, you can use any of the samples provided and add your own message. Make sure you proofread your informal apology letter carefully.

Following letter is an example of Informal Business Apology letter.

5868 Maple Wood Street
Fairfield, CA 37626
November 29, 2014
Mr. Joseph Bicman
358 Noncook Road
John’s Town, PA 57323

Dear Mr. Bicman:
I apologize for the mix-up of order #: 26429782. We have just implemented a new packaging
system that still has a few bugs that still needs to be worked out, but we did fix your order and
sent it out this morning. For your trouble, we have enclosed a $10 gift certificate which can be
used at any of our stores (restrictions apply). Once again I would like to apologize for the mix-up
in your order and any inconveniences this may have caused you.

Respectfully,
Signature
Theodore Donald ‘Donny’ Kerabatsos
Customer Service Manager

Apology Letter for Misconduct:

Goldie Joshi

ABC Corporation

37-A, ABC Gardens,

Lake Road.

London

July 1, 2011

Dear Mr. Goldie,

I am writing this letter to humbly express my deepest apology for my last week misconduct at work. This incident was due to several factors and stress is one of the leading factors which I had experienced during recent project. My child is also hospitalized and in previous days his condition was too critical. I love my family too much and this situation deviate my attention toward several things. I am a professional person and value my work a lot. My whole performance record is excellent since I was employed in this company. It saddens me that I have caused a mar in my record.

I personally talked to my direct superior to explain the matter but I know formal apology letter to you for violating company rules is also necessary. I am aware of company rules, regulations and the work ethics that every employee need to follow. I am awaiting the penalty as a result of my actions and will willingly accept it.

I will undergo the due process and face the consequences of my action as per company rules. Rest assured that the incident will not happen again and I will do everything again to gain your complete trust back in my capacity.

Accept my sincere apologies again.

Sincerely,

Signature

Mr. Leola Meir

Apology Letter for not Joining Company:

Robert Michael

Human Resource Manager

ABC Finance Company

Los Angeles, CA 90017

1st July, 2011

Subject: APOLOGY LETTER FOR NOT JOINING COMPANY

Dear Sir,

I am Richard L. Archer hereby informing you that I have received appointment letter for the position of Finance Manager and I am very much obliged to you for providing me such a great opportunity. I am regretting to inform you that I am unable to join the ABC Finance Company for the post of Finance Manager. I know I have cleared all stages of recruitment process and got eligible for this respective post in your company. I am really thankful to for your kindness and trust but I have a genuine reason for not joining you. Before interview I had given an entrance exam for Business Management Program for the year 2011-2012. I am selected for top most institution of the country. This institution is providing me scholarship for same course and it is a life time opportunity for me and I don’t want to miss it at any cost.

It is your generosity that you provide me with a golden chance to work with you. Please try to understand my situation and accept my sincere apology. If I will avail this chance, it will help me in long run to build a strong career.

Thank you once again for considering me for this post in your well-established organization. Hope I will have your blessings with me.

Yours Sincerely,

Richard L. Archer

123 Maxwell Road

Scarsdale, CT 021456

Apology Letter to Employee

June 1st, 2011

Mr. David Fernandez

ABC, Loral Street,

France

Dear Mr. David Fernandez,

I am regretting to inform you that your next week’s leave can’t be scheduled due to my tough schedule. I was totally forgotten about your request and now it is too tough to arrange leaves for you. I can understand that it is very important to you to take this leave as you have to organize and attend your sister’s marriage. I know it is very crucial time to you and your family but I am really sorry for that. This inconvenience is caused to you because of the error but I am trying to find a solution to this. I will speak to the senior manager about it to make sure your next week’s leave.

I hope you will understand that this wasn’t intentionally done because as you are aware that previous days were so busy because we want to wind up all previous projects and assessments. Today I got time to view my mails and came to know about my mistake. I will make it sure that this mistake will not be happened in future. I really apologized for inconvenience caused to you just because of me. I know that it has been frustrating for you at this time.

Please give me a days’ time and I will definitely get a solution to your problem and get your leave sanctioned. I know you have great plans for your sister’s marriage and o would want you to attend the marriage.

Sorry once again for all the inconvenience.

Thank you for your patience and understanding.

Sincerely,

Mr. Abigail Blythe

Apology Letter for Mistake in Order

Mrs. Kimberly J. Ray

Director ABC Association Pvt. Ltd

2842 Bedford Street

Centreville, AL 35042

1st July, 2011

Dear Madam,

I am writing this letter on behalf of ABC Association Pvt. Ltd. to sincerely apologize for mistake in consignment order from our side. Please accept our sincere apologize for this mistake in consignment order of goods. Our company has recently acquired a new and updated scheduling system therefore we were finding some difficulties and problems with execution of delivery. We are really apologetic the inconvenience caused to you because of us. Now we have fixed all problems of our system and now it is 100% functional and we have resolved all delivery related issues.

Your material order and shipment details are corrected by our team. Please submit all damaged goods to the driver at the time of delivery while we guarantee that a fresh consignment will be dispatched to you at the earliest. I hope that you would tolerate the mistake on our part this time and would continue your business association with us. I assured you accurate and timely delivery of consignment order in future. On the behalf of ABC Association Pvt. Ltd, I once again honestly apologize for the inconvenience caused by us.

Please accept the new consignment order sent to you by our company. We are also sending you new copy of purchase order with this consignment.

We reassure you of our co-operation and look forward to a more positive association with you in the future.

Thanking You,

Sincerely,

Mr. James Cameron,

Customer Relation Manager-ABC Pvt. Ltd

2209 Briarcliff Road

Queens, NY 11430

Apology Letter for out of Stock Item

General Manager

SAP Associates Pvt. Ltd

5896 Berry Street

Colorado Springs, CO 24589

01 June, 2011

Subject: APOLOGY LETTER FOR OUT OF STOCK ITEM

Dear, Mr. Johnny

I Mr. Robert Hood, Customer Relation Officer of Indigo Marketing and Selling Pvt. Ltd. hereby inform you that the goods for which you have made order on 28th March 2011 are out of stock. On this date you have place the order for child garments and you have also paid $ 25,000 in advance but currently we can’t deliver you child garments because these are out of stock in these days. There is high demand of these items in these days therefore we are extremely at lower levels of inventory of items that you have ordered. We are extremely sorry for this because same order which has been placed by ABC Garments at 25th March 2011 is still in waiting list.

You can view our catalogue because I hope this updated catalog will surely contain something that interests you. If you would like to place a new order, please don’t delay, order now! We reassure you of our co-operation and appreciate your patronage and look forward to serving you in the future.

If you want only child garments then we are sorry that you have to wait for this and we are assuming the stock will be there till 5th of June, 2011. Your order will be at our top priorities and soon by the 5th June 2011 we will surely clear your order.

I am apologizing to you on the behalf of Indigo Marketing and Selling Pvt. Ltd. for the inconvenience caused to you by us. Hope you will understand our situation and kindly cooperate with us.

Sincerely,

Mr. Robert Hood

Indigo Marketing and Selling Pvt. Ltd

2665 Jacobs Street

Colorado, CA 15222

How to Write Effective Complaint Letter

Want to write complaint letter but don’t know how to write complaint letter then this article is only for you and the learners who wants to learn letter writing. In today’s article we are sharing the steps, Tips or samples for writing complaint letter.
Writing Complaint letters are usually written to business firms, water supply boards,telecommunication boards, electricity boards, sewerage boards and several other organizations.

Purpose of writing complaint letter is to remind the people of these firms about their defective products or poor services.

It is extremely important to provide all the details in your complaint letter as the information can be further used for verification.
The letter should demand immediate response, quicker decision or positive action in order to resolve the complaint as soon as possible. The message conveyed in the complaint letter should be direct and credible.

When writing a complaint letter, you need to keep it short and to the point to help ensure that your letter will be read in its entirety. If you write a seven page complaint letter, it’s highly
unlikely that someone will sit down and read all seven pages.

The complaint letter should be addressed to the customer service/consumer affairs department or
the head office if there is no customer service department. The address and contact information of the customer service department should be available on the company’s products or website.

How to Write Complaint Letter:

1. In the first paragraph of complaint letter you should identify what the issue is and any relevant information that you believe is important.

Don’t Forget to Include Following Things in Complaint Letter

Be sure to include the following information if it’s applicable to the situation:

  • The date/time of the issue,
  • Location
  • Name of person on duty
  • Name of product
  • What the problem was
  • Your account number
  • Model number
  • Price
  • Warranty information
  • Reference number

Be sure to stick with the facts and avoid putting emotions into your letter.

2. The next paragraph of the complaint letter should state what you would like done to resolve the situation. If you received poor service, you could request an apology or a coupon. If a product malfunctioned, you could request that you could exchange the product for a new one or request a refund.
3. The last paragraph of complaint Letter should thank the reader for the time. You can also throw in some compliments about something you liked about their company’s product or service.
You should include your telephone number/e-mail address after your printed name so that they can contact you ASAP if necessary.
4. Be sure to keep a copy of the complaint letter for yourself and include photocopies of any relevant documents and enclose them with your letter.

Sample of Complaint Letter

To write a very personalised complaint letter, you can use any of the samples provided and add your own message. Make sure you proofread your complaint letter carefully.
65 Market Street
Val Haven, CT 95135

June 30, 2014
Customer Service
Cool Guy Sports, LLC
8423 Green Terrace Road
Guyville, WA 65435

Dear Sir or Madam:
I have recently ordered a new pair of soccer cleats (item #6542951) from your website on June
21. I received the order on June 26. Unfortunately, when I opened it, I saw that the cleats were
used. The cleats had dirt all over them and there was a small tear in front of the part where the
left toe would go. Lastly, and perhaps most disturbing, there was a small blotch of what looked
to be dried blood on one of the shoelaces. My order number is AF26168156.
To resolve the problem, I would like you to credit my account for the amount charged for my
cleats; I have already went out and bought a new pair of cleats at my local sporting goods store
so sending another would result in me having two pairs of the same cleats.
Thank you for taking the time to read this letter. I have been a satisfied customer of your
company for many years and this is the first time I have encountered a problem. If you need to
contact me, you can reach me at (555) 555-5555.
Sincerely,
Signature
Kenny “Soccer Man” Thomas

How to Write Request Letter: Writing Tips and Samples

Want to write request letter but don’t know how to write request letter then this article is only for you and the learners who wants to learn letter writing. In today’s article we are sharing the steps, Tips or samples for writing request letter.

Request letters are written to ask recipient for some action or activity which other is unable to do. Letters is an ideal medium for requesting a favor because it allows its writer to explain his/her view point in best possible manner.

How to Write Request Letter Writing Tips and request letter Samples

How to Write Request Letter Writing Tips and request letter Samples

It is a best way to maintain privacy of your words between you and reader. Request letters can be of different types such as Promotion Request Letter, Change of Address Request Letter, Scholarship Request Letter etc.

Through request letter, you are going to ask for some favor therefore pay particular attention to the format and contents of letter. Accurate format can be first step toward persuasive writing.

Steps To Write Request Letter:

  1. In the opening paragraph, briefly introduce yourself and let the recipient know why you are writing to them.
  2. In the next paragraph, tell the recipient what you are requesting of them along with any pertinent details that would help them to fulfill your request. If you need your request filled by a certain date, be sure to let them know in this paragraph.
  3. In the closing paragraph, thank the recipient for their time/consideration and provide your contact information (if applicable).

While writing request letter you have to take care about following points:

Ask politely because you are requesting something so don’t demand or threaten.Show the reader what’s in for him/her. Prove your case.State exactly what you hope he/she will do for you.
Always keep in mind that tone of your letter should be polite and courteous. Clearly explain your purpose of writing request letter in first paragraph.

Try to be clear and concise in writing because reader is a busy person. You have to state it clearly what you are expecting from reader for example if you are writing Community Help Request Letter then clearly state how much voluntary work is appreciated and encouraged.

Remember to provide your contact number and address for reader so that he/she can easily contact you in case of any clarification or doubts. You should say thanks to reader in anticipation for his/her time and efforts he/she has spared to consider your request but don’t try to thank the person in advance for what you have requested from him/her.

It can be arrogant and can put an effect to reader that you are not giving him/her choice to deny your request. It also seems that you don’t want to write once again if the request is granted and it can also leave a negative effect on reader. You should write thank you letter after acceptance of request.

In order to assist you in your letter writing, I am providing you with sample request letters on varieties of topics. These letters are free from any cost so you can use these letters as guidance. I have tried my level best to design these letters on specific format of request letter so you can consult them without any doubt or hesitation.

Scholarship request letter

Blair Connor,

University of Heidelberg

London

Mr. Frasier Garrick,

Coordinator,

Coca-Cola Scholarship Foundation

4597, Indola Park

London

August 9, 2011

Subject: Request for scholarship

Dear Mr. Frasier Garrick

With great pleasure I am writing this request letter to you. I am an honest citizen of this country and I also want to contribute in the development and the progress of this country but my dreams are threaten by my poor financial condition. I am studying at a well known university and in every semester I had passed with flying colors.

The scholarship helped me to continue my education smoothly and I made the optimum use of scholarship and always led my class. I finished my secondary school with distinctions in all subjects. I also engaged in extracurricular activities and won many medals and awards.

Becoming a medicine specialist is my childhood dream but this can be sacrificed due to poverty therefore it is my respectful request to support my education. It is with this intention that I approach your organization with my humble request for scholarship. I am relying on your goodwill to fulfill my dream.

Thanking you in anticipation for a favorable response from you.

Yours truly,

Blair Connor

University of Heidelberg

Job Promotion Request Letter

Phineas Ridley,

Team Member,

Synergy Project,

Zenith Software Ltd,

England

August 9, 2011

Truman Zachary,

Vice President,

Zenith Software Ltd,

England

Dear Mr. Zachary,

I am writing this letter to request your kind attention on my career. First of all I would like to take opportunity to say thanks for accommodating me as a member of the Synergy Project team. I have been working with the team for the last five years during this tenure I have learnt extensively with my and other’s experience.

After acquiring enough knowledge, I consider that the time has come when I need to move upwards in position. This movement will implement my learning to the advantage of company. At this stage of my career, a promotion would be very motivating for me and encourage me to do more toward prosperity of the company.

I vow my dedication and sincerity to the company and remain optimistic that the company will offer me a break in serving the company in a better position.

Thanking you in advance for your time and consideration,

Yours Sincerely,

Phineas Ridley

Charity Funds Request Letter

Ms. Ella T. Darcy

Golden Arches Ltd

2365 Timber Oak Drive

Goleta, CA 12345

August 9, 2011

Deborah Crispin

Golden Arches Ltd

1234 Timber Oak Drive

Goleta, CA 12345

USA

Dear Ms. Crispin,

As you know the recent crises with Helping Hands that cause much damage and hardship on the lives of its residents. This crisis occurred as a result of blast near the area of Helping Hands. As you know that Helping Hands is a home for several homeless people and orphan children, now this destruction creates problem for these people.

I am writing on behalf of Extending Hands Foundation, to appeal you for a compassionate donation to support the rescue and relief work that is currently carried out for the poor people of Helping Hands. We hope to secure more foodstuff and medicine for distribution at the relief centers sent up by our counterparts in USA.

Your generous contribution will be greatly appreciated. Please do not hesitate to contact us for further clarifications.

Thanking you in anticipation for considering this letter on the behalf of Helping Hands.

Yours Sincerely,

Ms. Ella T. Darcy

Project Director

Extending Hands Foundation

Sample of Requesting Letter:

To write a very personalised requesting letter, you can use any of the samples provided and add your own message. Make sure you proofread your requesting letter carefully.

764 Cheery Lane
Clearwater Falls, FL 23619

September 27, 2015

Mr. Louis Henderson
Store Manager
The Corner Cafe
273 Main Street
Clearwater Falls, FL 23619

Dear Mr. Henderson:

My name is Piyush Joshi and I’m the chair of the Clearwater Falls Elementary School Fundraising Committee. The committee is planning to hold a fundraiser next month to raise funds for this year’s field trips and we’re looking for donors to help out with providing goods for the fundraising event.
If The Corner Cafe is willing to help donate some coffee and cups, we would greatly appreciate it. Our fundraiser will be held on the morning of October 18th and we’re expecting around 200 people to show up.
Thanks for your time and consideration, if you need to contact me with any questions, feel free
to call me at 555-555-5555, I’m available to speak between 10am-5pm on weekdays.

Sincerely,
Signature
Piyush Joshi