by – Supriya

” Freedom is the hallmark of Hostel Life”

Hostel life has the attraction to spend money freely.A hostel student feels free to demand and spend money. Some boys become extravagant in their expenditure. They wear the latest fashion dresses.They can have their rooms very well furnished and they can also attend and arrange parties. They can also adopt expensive hobbies. They feel free to live and spend.Hostel life plays an important role in developing the personality of a student. The students who live in hostel are confident, self-dependent and active. Hostel life helps them to develop a sense of responsibility . Freedom also helps them to grow in a better way. They get good training in practical life. They also feel relax and safe from domestic disturbance. So, every should be given a chance to benefit from hostel life.

There are also some dangers of hostel freedom is misused . Lack of check and restrictions becomes a means of immoral activities. Some boys adpot bad habits like smoking, gambling, and drinking. Vidence also becomes a part of their personality. Generally , they ignore their studies ,waste their time and so fail in the examination. They develop the habit of fraud and lie. They demand more money from their parents on false pretexts. They hesitate to talk about studies and show fake result cards. Fashions become a part of their daily life.In view of the above discussion ,it can be said that hostel life is a mixed blessing. Whether histel life should be praised or cursed depends on the student. In a hostel , a student can achieve all his targets and come out as a complete man. He can also turn into an angry young man. Overall, we say that hostel life is a worth – enjoying experience for every student.

The pleasure of enjoyments of hostel life are many . We can have friends to our liking . We can play different games in the college lawns or in the common room.Without the experiences of hostel life , in our opinion , the life of a student remains incomplete in several ways.A student remembers his hostel life forever . His experiences there bring him rich reward in real life.

THANKYOU

A Spotlight on Terrorism in India

Easy access to sophisticated weapons and disruptive advances in technology, especially the cyber world masks the identity of the terrorists, facilitates real time secure communications and the flow of funds and provides access to an infinite resource of DIY kits on issues ranging from making bombs to executing beheadings.

These elements have collectively made terrorism the most preferred means of waging war. Despite the grave threat, the international community is far from reaching a consensus on how to fight this menace collectively.

So deep are the fissures that even adopting a common definition of terrorism and violent extremism has met stiff resistance.

The history of terrorism in India

India’s tryst with terrorism and violent extremism can be traced back partly to the religion based partition in 1947, which ripped the sub-continent into two nations: India and Pakistan.

The sub-continent remained witness to the most horrifying ethnic riots in modern history, which were marked by extreme violence and acts of terrorism.

Following the partition, after a brief period of neutrality, the then Maharaja of Jammu and Kashmir (J&K), Hari Singh formally acceded to India; however, this act of accession has not, and continues not to be recognized by Pakistan which lays claims to the Muslim majority region.

This territorial dispute lies at the core of the long standing conflict between the two nations with both nations each vehemently rejecting the other’s claims.

Further, India views Pakistan as perpetuating the on-going cross border conflict and for sponsoring militant activity in a bid to destabilise the state of J&K and other parts of the country.

In addition, considering the number of ongoing insurgencies in India, terrorism and violent extremism is also a manifestation of:

• politico-religious violence
• ethnic-sub regional nationalism
• socio-economic conditions
• politics of identity

The relationship between terrorism and insurgency

What were the causes that led to the genesis of terrorism and its drivers in India? While seeking answers to this question, we will also dwell upon the terrorist initiated incidents and terrorists groups operating in India.

We will explore the complementary relationship between terrorism and insurgency, analyse various forms in which terrorism morphs and finally, establish the contours of successful counterterrorism strategies.

The primary causes of terrorism and insurgency in India are based on political, religious, ethnic, ideological, identity driven, linguistic or socio-economic grievances.

Terrorism in India, can be broadly categorised in three distinct parts:

• Cross border terrorism in J&K.
• Terrorism in the hinterland.
• Extreme violence and terrorism as an integral part of the ongoing insurgencies.

India’s richly diverse society provides a fertile ground for terrorism to thrive in many areas:

• politics of communalism and criminalisation
• fanatic religious movements and irresponsible statements by political and religious leaders
• human rights excesses
• marginalised minority communities
• high levels of youth unemployment
• poverty
• illiteracy
• poor governance
• prolonged delays in criminal justice

Quite often, incidents relating to a particular religious or ethnic group act as a catalyst. They also act as an initiator to indoctrinate/ radicalise youth (and not necessarily only the poor and marginalised) to indulge in extreme forms of violence and terrorism.

Considering the fact that intensity of violence due to religious terrorism has always been very severe, strict law should be framed expeditiously against those delivering ‘hate speeches’ that incite a religious/ ethnic community’s passions.

India also remains highly vulnerable to terrorism by foreign terrorists, due to porous borders with all its neighbours and a long coast line. Resultantly, the terrorists and the insurgents continue to receive material support and funds from many sources.

India has experienced almost all forms of terrorist attacks:

• hijacking and blowing up of aircrafts
• sabotaging railway tracks
• kidnapping hostages for meeting political demands
• suicide attacks
• the assassination of two of its Prime Ministers
• attacks on places of worship, transportation systems, security forces and financial hubs
• communal riots followed by extreme violence
• attacks both by religious and non-religious terrorist groups.

The modus operandi of terrorism has remained dynamic to achieve its goals and objectives.

 Stock
collectively refers to all of the shares amongst which the ownership of a
company is divided. If you are interested in a risky investment that may get
you a lot of profit, then you should definitely try out investing in stock
market. Here is a list of the top 10 companies with the most expensive share
prices in the world.

1. BIRKSHIRE
HATHAWAY

With stock
price at $316,248.31 which makes it Rs. 2,20,62,114.60
in Indian currency, and registered in New York Stock Exchange, it
is an American MNC with its headquarters in Omaha, Nebraska, United States of
America. Formerly known as Valley Falls Company (1839-1929) and Berkshire Fine
Spinning Associates (1839-1955), it was founded in 1839 by Oliver Chase with
Warren E. Buffett as its current chairman and CEO.

2. LINDT

Full
name being Chocoladefabriken Lindt and Sprungli AG, its stock price is 78,500
CHF making it Rs.53,63,063.90 in Indian currency. It is a
swiss chocolate and confectionary company which deals with its share in the SIX
Swiss Exchange market. It is widely known for its chocolate truffles,
chocolate bars and other sweets. Founded in 1845 by David
Sprüngli-Schwarz and Rudolf Lindt, its headquarters is in Kilchberg,
Switzerland.

3. NEXT PLC

A British MNC which deals in clothing,
footwear and home products. Its stock price is 5,844 GBP (Rs.5,27,403.47)
and it is listed on the London Stock Exchange (LSE). It has over
700 stores worldwide out of which 500 are based in United Kingdom and the other
200 are widely spread across Asia, Europe and Middle East. It is one of the
largest clothing retailers in the UK which overtook Marks & Spencer in the
early 2012. It was founded in 1864 by Joseph Hepworth and has its headquarters
in Enderby, England.

4. SEABOARD
CORPORATION

It is an American MNC which deals in
several operations. The stock price is $4,699.00 (Rs. 3,28,272.14) and is also listed under the New York
Stock Exchange. In USA, its main operation is the production of pork
and ocean transportation. Worldwide, it engages in activities like grain
processing, sugar production and electrical power generation. Founded by Otto
Bresky in 1918, it is headquartered in Merriam, Kansas, USA.

5. NVR INC.

Stock price being $3,215 (Rs. 2,24,567.75) and
also listed under the New York Stock Exchange, it is an American
construction and mortgage company which runs under the name of Rymarc Homes,
Ryan Homes, NV Homes, and Heartland Homes. Founded 1940 by Dwight Schar, it was
originally named as Ryan Homes which later on, in 1980, changed to NVR Incorporated.
Reston, Virginia, USA is where the headquarters belong.

6. AMAZON INC.

 

An American MNC that focuses on
E-Commerce, digital streaming and artificial intelligence, it is one of the top
5 companies in the USA under the Information Technology industry along with
Apple, Microsoft, Facebook and Google. Its stock is priced at $1,923.77 (Rs. 1,34,426.31) and is
registered in the New York Stock Exchange. Founded by Jeff Bezos
in 1994, it was originally known as Cadabra Inc. which changed in 1995. It has
its headquarters in Seattle, Washington, USA.

7. BOOKING HOLDINGS INC.

Formerly known as Priceline.com Incorporated
(1998–2014) and The Priceline Group Inc. (2014–2018), its stock price is $1,887.73 (Rs. 1,31,739.96) and it is listed under National
Association of Securities Dealer Automated Quotations (NASDAQ) stock
exchange. This company is a part of the travel and technology industry and was founded
in 1996 by Jay S. Walker. The headquarters are based in Norwalk, Connecticut,
USA. Its current president and CEO is Glenn D. Fogel.

8. ALPHABET INC.

Stock price at $1,270.59 (Rs. 88,746.26) and
registered under National Association of Securities Dealer Automated
Quotations (NASDAQ) stock exchange, it is as American MNC which was
founded through the restructuring of Google. It became the parent company of
Google and several other subsidiaries. It was founded by the founders of Google
itself, Larry Page and Sergey Brin on 2^nd October 2015 and has the
headquarters in Mountain View, California, USA.

9. MARKEL CORPORATION (MKL)

MKL is a worldwide company of various operations like
insurance, reinsurance and investment. Their stock price is $1,027.19
(Rs. 71,741.52) under the New York Stock Exchange.
It runs under the insurance industry. Found in 1930 by Samuel A. Markel, its
headquarters is in Richmond, Virginia, USA.

10. MRF LTD.

Madras Rubber Factory is an Indian MNC which runs
under the tyres and rubber industry. The stock price is Rs.55,918.35
and is listed under the National Stock Exchange (NSE). It is the
most expensive stock in the Indian Stock Exchange. It is the largest
manufacturer of tyres in India and the sixth largest in the world.
Headquartered in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, it was founded in 1946 by K.M. Mammen
Mappillai.

 

What is sex addiction?

Considerable controversy surrounds the diagnosis of “sex addiction.” It’s been excluded from the fifth edition of the “Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders” (DSM-5), but it’s still written about and studied in psychology and counseling circles.

Additionally, it can still be diagnosed Trusted Source using both DSM-5 (as “Other specified sexual dysfunction”) and the “International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems” (ICD-10) criteria (as “Other sexual dysfunction not due to a substance or known physiological condition”).

What are the symptoms of sex addiction?

Since sex addiction isn’t outlined in the DSM-5, there’s considerable controversy about what criteria constitute an addiction.

One characteristic may be secrecy of behaviors, in which the person with the disorder becomes skilled at hiding their behavior and can even keep the condition secret from spouses, partners, and family members. They may lie about their activities or engage in them at times and places where they won’t be found out.

But sometimes symptoms are present and noticeable. A person may have a sex addiction if they show some or all of the following signs:

• chronic, obsessive sexual thoughts and fantasies
• compulsive relations with multiple partners, including strangers
• lying to cover behaviors
• preoccupation with having sex, even when it interferes with daily life, productivity, work performance, and so on
• inability to stop or control the behaviors
• putting oneself or others in danger due to sexual behavior
• feeling remorse or guilt after sex
• experiencing other negative personal or professional consequences

Compulsive behaviors can strain relationships, for example, with the stress of infidelity — although some people may claim to have a sex addiction as a way to explain infidelity in a relationship.

It’s important to remember that enjoying sexual activity is not a sign of sex addiction. Sex is a healthy human activity, and enjoying it is normal. In addition, differences in the level of sexual interest between partners does not mean that one partner has a sex addiction.

What are the treatments for sex addiction?

Since the diagnosis is controversial, evidence-based treatment options are lacking.

Those who describe treating sex addiction may recommend one or more of the following methods.

Inpatient treatment programs

There are many inpatient treatment centers that offer sex addiction recovery programs. Often, people with a sex addiction are removed from their normal daily lives for at least 30 days to help them regain control of their impulses and start healing. These types of programs typically include in-depth individual and group therapy sessions.

12-step programs

Programs such as Sex Addicts Anonymous (SAA) follow the same recovery model as Alcoholics Anonymous (AA). They can be very helpful for addressing sex addiction.

Members aren’t required to give up sex entirely, but they are encouraged to refrain from compulsive and destructive sexual behavior. Group meetings with others addressing the same challenges provide a good support system.

Cognitive behavioral therapy

This type of therapy can help a person identify triggers for sexual impulses and ultimately teach them how to alter behaviors. This is achieved through one-on-one sessions with a licensed mental health therapist.

Medication

Some people may benefit from a course of drug therapy. Certain antidepressants might help alleviate urges (which is separate from the potential side effects of some antidepressants that can cause decreased libido or impair other aspects of the sexual experience).

It’s not clear, however, whether a physician would prescribe drugs for this condition.

What’s the outlook for sex addiction?

The person addressing sex addiction faces a unique set of challenges. They may be engaging in behaviors that put their relationships, their own safety and health, and the health of their partner in jeopardy. At the same time, sex addiction is considered a controversial diagnosis and it’s lacking diagnostic criteria as well as evidence-based treatments.

Internet addiction is a behavioral addiction in which a person becomes dependent on use of the Internet, or other online devices, as a maladaptive way of coping with life’s stresses. Internet addiction is becoming widely recognized and acknowledged, particularly in countries where it is affecting large numbers of people, such as South Korea, where it has been declared a national health problem. Much of the current research on the subject of Internet addiction has been carried out in Asia. It is also a growing concern in developed nations in North America and Europe.

Top 5 Things to Know About Internet Addiction

1. Internet addiction is not yet an officially recognized mental disorder. Researchers have formulated diagnostic criteria for Internet addiction, but it is not included in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). However, Internet gaming disorder is included as a condition for further study, and Internet addiction is developing as a specialist area.
2. At least three subtypes of Internet addiction have been identified: video game addiction, cybersex or online sex addiction, and online gambling addiction.
3. Increasingly, addiction to mobile devices, such as cellphones and smartphones, and addiction to social networking sites, such as Facebook, are being investigated. There may be overlaps between each of these subtypes. For example, online gambling involves online games, and online games may have elements of pornography.
4. Sexting, or sending sexually explicit texts, has landed many people in trouble. Some have been teens who have found themselves in hot water with child pornography charges if they are underage.
5. Treatment for Internet addiction is available, but only a few specialized Internet addiction services exist. However, a psychologist with knowledge of addiction treatment will probably be able to help.

Symptoms

As Internet addiction is not formally recognized as an addictive disorder, it may be difficult to get a diagnosis. However, several leading experts in the field of behavioral addiction have contributed to the current knowledge of symptoms of Internet addiction. All types of Internet addiction contain the following four components:

Excessive Use of the Internet

Despite the agreement that excessive Internet use is a key symptom, no one seems able to define exactly how much computer time counts as excessive. While guidelines suggest no more than two hours of screen time per day for youths under 18, there are no official recommendations for adults. Furthermore, two hours can be unrealistic for people who use computers for work or study. Some authors add the caveat “for non-essential use,” but for someone with an Internet addiction, all computer use can feel essential.

Here are some questions from Internet addiction assessment instruments that will help you to evaluate how much is too much.

Withdrawal

Although originally understood to be the basis of physical dependence on alcohol or drugs, withdrawal symptoms are now being recognized in behavioral addictions, including Internet addiction.

Common Internet withdrawal symptoms include anger, tension, and depression when Internet access is not available. These symptoms may be perceived as boredom, joylessness, moodiness, nervousness, and irritability when you can’t go on the computer.

Tolerance

Tolerance is another hallmark of alcohol and drug addiction and seems to be applicable to Internet addiction as well. This can be understood as wanting—and from the user’s point of view, needing—more and more computer-related stimulation. You might want ever-increasing amounts of time on the computer, so it gradually takes over everything you do. The quest for more is likely a predominant theme in your thought processes and planning.

Negative Repercussions

If Internet addiction caused no harm, there would be no problem. But when excessive computer use becomes addictive, something starts to suffer.

Online affairs can develop quickly and easily, sometimes without the person even believing online infidelity is cheating on their partner.

You may see your grades and other achievements suffer from so much of your attention being devoted to Internet use. You may also have little energy for anything other than computer use—people with Internet addiction are often exhausted from staying up too late on the computer and becoming sleep deprived.

Finances can also suffer, particularly if your addiction is for online gambling, online shopping, or cybersex.

Internet Addiction in Kids

Internet addiction is particularly concerning for kids and teens. Children lack the knowledge and awareness to properly manage their own computer use and have no idea about the potential harms that the Internet can open them up to. The majority of kids have access to a computer, and it has become commonplace for kids and teens to carry cellphones.

While this may reassure parents that they can have two-way contact with their child in an emergency, there are very real risks that this constant access to the Internet can expose them to.

• Children have become increasingly accustomed to lengthy periods of time connected to the Internet, disconnecting them from the surrounding world.
• Children who own a computer and have privileged online access have an increased risk of involvement in cyberbullying, both as a victim and as a perpetrator.
• Children who engage in problematic internet use are more likely to use their cellphone for cybersex, particularly through sexting, or access apps which could potentially increase the risk of sex addiction and online sexual harms, such as Tinder.

In addition, kids who play games online often face peer pressure to play for extended periods of time in order to support the group they are playing with or to keep their skills sharp. This lack of boundaries can make kids vulnerable to developing video game addiction. This can also be disruptive to the development of healthy social relationships and can lead to isolation and victimization.

What to Do If You’re Addicted to the Internet

If you recognize the symptoms of Internet addiction in yourself or someone in your care, talk to your doctor about getting help. As well as being able to provide referrals to Internet addiction clinics, psychologists, and other therapists, your doctor can prescribe medications or therapy to treat an underlying problem if you have one, such as depression or social anxiety disorder.

Internet addiction can also overlap with other behavioral addictions, such as work addiction, television addiction, and smartphone addiction.

Many users across social media have noticed the change and considered Amazon prime’s profile picture (which has a confetti icon on it’s logo- referring to some party) with several interpretations including big billion sale, disclosure of series sequels and so on. But the official handles made it very obvious it is something else, with a tagline “we’re prepping for the biggest party“. People flooded the social media with memes, momentarily. As a hint, the officials posted a screenshot of messaging tab of Instagram where few eminent OTT platforms and network, specifically 8 platforms, including Discovery+, ErosNow, Manorama Max, HoiChoi, Shorts Tv, Lionsgate and Mubi created a hype with questions of “Where’s the party?“. Soon after this, Amazon prime confirmed the partnership with these 8 platforms with add on subscriptions for the Prime members.

The prices are stated below :

Mubi : ₹1999

Lionsgate: ₹699

HoiChoi: ₹599

ErosNow: ₹299

Discovery+ : ₹299

ShortsTv: ₹299

Manorama Max : ₹699

All Indians whether in twentieth century or twenty first century know the supreme sacrifice made by three great and selfless patriots of integrated India – Bhagat Singh, Shivaram Rajguru and Sukhdev Thapar who were hanged to death by the British rulers in Lahore jail (presently in Pakistan) on 23 March in 1931. For the sacrifice made by the great persons for our independence we are enjoying our lives in a free country.
Anyway, unfortunately, Bhagat Singh, Shivaram Rajguru and Sukhdev Thapar were killed by the British rulers on the same day as mentioned already but their dates of birth were different. Bhagat Singh was born on 28 September 1907 at Banga village, Jaranwala Tehsil in Lyallpur district of Punjab presently in Pakistan. Sukhdev Thapar was born on 15 May 1907 in Ludhiana, Punjab. Shivaram Hari Rajguru popularly known as Rajguru was born on 24 August 1908 at Khed located at the bank of river Bheema near Poona.

They were hanged for the killing of John P Saunders, a British police officer. It may be mentioned that any sort of killing is undesirable but during British rule in India they (British) treated Indians with imperialistic attitude, the reason is obvious as British came thousands mile away with the attitude of exploiting our resources including human resources. Because of the independence movement and sacrifice made by then Indians also post the effect of the Second World War; they left India by partitioning then India based on religion. Same British did not rule Eritrea (a country located in North-east Africa) for more than a decade. As I worked as senior faculty in Eritrea so I know in this regard in depth.
A few points about the killing of John P Saunders by Bhagat Singh, Rajguru and Sukhdev may be mentioned here. In 1928, the British Government set up a commission headed by John Simon to report about the political situation in India. The political parties of India boycotted the Commission and in many places protests erupted because the Commission did not include a single Indian as a member. When the Commission visited Lahore on 30 October 1928, Lala Lajpat Rai led a non-violent march in protest and the protesters uttered “Simon go-back”. Then the superintendent of police, James A. Scott, ordered the police (most of the police personnel were Indian) to lathi (baton) charge among the protesters and it is believed that Scott personally assaulted Lala Lajpat and later on Lajpat died. This incident created severe anger among Indians. As a sequel, Bhagat Singh and Shivaram Rajguru killed Assistant Superintendent of Police John Saunders on 17 December 1927. They were supported in this act by Sukhdev Thapar and Chandrashekhar Azad. However, their original target was not Saunders but James Scott who ordered lathi-charge. Because of the slow pace of the legal proceedings, a special tribunal, consisting of Justice J Coldstream, Justice Agha Hyder and Justice G.C. Hilton was set up on the directives of the Viceroy, Lord Irwin on 1 May, 1930. The tribunal delivered its 300-page judgement on October 7, 1930. The tribunal confirmed the involvement of Bhagat Singh, Sukhdev Thapar and Shivaram Rajguru for killing Saunders and on 23 March 1931, Bhagat Singh, Rajguru and Sukhdev were hanged in Lahore Jail.
Before their death, they chanted, ‘Inquilab Zindabad’ and ‘Down with British Imperialism’. A famous quote of Bhagat Singh is, “They may kill me, but they cannot kill my ideas. They can crush my body, but they will not be able to crush my spirit”. At the time of execution, Bhagat Singh and Sukhdev Thapar were just 23 years old and Shivaram Rajguru was only 22.
On the auspicious occasion of the birthday of Bhagat Singh on 28 September 2021, I offer my great salute to this great patriot. Also my great salute to Shivaram Hari Rajguru and Sukhdev Thapar