Emerging Trends in Social Media

Image Source: Business Today

Over the past decade, social media has managed to secure a special position in our hearts.
Like every other evolutions in the world, the way we use social media platforms also evolves.
With the quick growth of social media, trends change every second day and thus brands and individuals are in a hurry to adopt them fast!

Major Trends…

1) Augmented Reality

Augmented reality (AR) is an interactive experience of a real-world environment where the objects that reside in the real world are enhanced by computer-generated perceptual information, sometimes across multiple sensory modalities, including visual and auditory.

How it is used in different ways in social media?

Now, during the pandemic times, it wasn’t easy for people to go out for shopping and try out the things they wanted to purchase.
So Augmented Reality became an important feature in social media apps so that consumers can try out the business products from their respective homes.

Popular furniture company IKEA using AR.

MORE COMMON EXAMPLES OF AR IN SOCIAL MEDIA

Mark Zuckerberg, founder of Facebook, recently said Augmented Reality has slowly become the company’s “topmost priority” .
We have already witnessed how social media apps like Snapchat and Instagram have become more AR oriented– all the face filters that we use on such social media apps are nothing but small facets of Augmented Reality.

Credit: The Verge

2)VIRTUAL REALITY

Virtual reality (VR) refers to a computer- generated simulation in which a person can interact within an artificial three-dimensional environment using electronic devices, such as special goggles with a screen or gloves fitted with sensors.
Users have a realistic feeling experience when it comes to Virtual Reality.

VIRTUAL REALITY IN SOCIAL MEDIA

A) VR CHAT
VRChat is a free-to- play massively multiplayer online virtual reality social media platform. It allows players to interact with others as 3D character models.
Users can interact via text chats and then play the games according to their needs.

Credits: Business Insider

B) FACEBBOOK SPACE
It allows an integration with Facebook, which makes it easy to invite our friends and acquaintances to the VR world.
Three people can actually interact using a VR device. This has however now been discontinued.

3)Shopping through Social Media

Many new brands and business firms deal with their consumers entirely though social media platforms like Facebook and Instagram.

Both these social media platforms provide services like a complete e- commerce portal and also allows business firms to show their products on the platforms while attaching a link to the firm’s official website. Customers can view products, see prices and can directly order products from these social media platforms.

Credits: Cosmetics Business

4) News Culture on Social Media

This is one of the most popular trends we tend to see these days on social media. People spent most of their times in social media and therefore many mainstream media channels maintain good interaction with their audiences on social media platforms like Instagram, Facebook and Twitter via video stories, pictorial presentations and like.

Many new media houses are completely based on social media. People mostly get to know about recent happenings through social media.
Twitter as compared to any other social media platform has distinctively been credited for instantaneous news.

Facebook page of ABP News

5) Hash-tag Culture

This is another form of social media trend that can be seen these days where interested groups make a hash-tag phrase (for example: #xyz) regarding their concerned matters.
This has widely been witnessed on Twitter and Instagram where users make their interested topics “trendy” on social media. This is especially done on Twitter to bring anything to public notice.

Credits: Elegant Themes.

monsoon delayed in capital, temperature to touch 42 degrees celsius next week

Despite monsoon not reaching the Delhi NCR region, Chandigarh, and parts of Punjab yet, the North-West India region has got 58% surplus rain so far. According to IMD, East and North East, Central and the South Peninsula regions have all got above normal rains so far.

Daytime temperatures in Delhi, which have been below normal for the most part of June, are set to rise and touch 42 degrees Celsius next week as rains skip the National Capital. The Indian Meteorological Department had earlier forecast an early monsoon in the region. However, changes in wind patterns meant that the advancement of moisture laden winds, which bring monsoon rain, has now been hampered.

According to officials at IMD, there is now a chance that monsoon rains will hit Delhi after its onset date of June 27.

“Further advancement of the Southwest Monsoon into the remaining parts of Rajasthan, Western Uttar Pradesh, Haryana, Chandigarh, Delhi, and Punjab is likely to be slow as large scale features are not favorable and the forecast wind pattern by the numerical models do not indicate and favorable condition for sustained rainfall over the region during the forecast period,” the IMD stated.

Despite monsoon not reaching the Delhi NCR region, Chandigarh, and parts of Punjab yet, the North-West India region has got 58% surplus rains so far. According, to IMD, East and North East, Central and the South Peninsula regions have all got above normal rains so far. While light rain is expected on Friday and Saturday, with the maximum temperature expected to be 39 degrees Celsius, the next four days are expected to be dry, with the maximum temperature expected to touch 42 degrees Celsius on Tuesday and Wednesday.

On Thursday morning, the minimum temperature was recorded at 28.3 degrees Celsius, normal for this time of the year. The maximum temperature on Wednesday was recorded at 40.5 degrees Celsius, 2 degrees above normal. Humidity has been high throughout the past week, touching 77% on Wednesday.

 Due to not favorable conditions, there is a possibility of delayed arrival of monsoon in the southern districts of Punjab and Haryana including Delhi and northwest parts of Rajasthan. Although rain and thundershower activities are possible over North India from 25th to 27th June, it will not be Monsoon rain. During the next few days, rain will remain very light in many parts of Maharashtra including Mumbai and the temperature is

likely to rise. Heat and humidity are very likely to increase over Northwest India including Delhi during the next few days.

Where did she go?

On June 3rd, 2011 the world recorded one of the most mysterious disappearances of the 20-year-old
Lauren Spierer following a night of drinking and alleged drug use at Kilroy’s Sports Bar. The only child
of her parents, Charlene and Robert Spirier is presumably dead and the case remains a mystery.
EARLY LIFE: Lauren was born on 17th January 1991 to an accountant, Robert Spirier and Charlene Spierer, a housewife. In Scarsdale, New York in the lower Westchester County. She graduated from Edgemont High School in 2009 and enrolled in Indiana University. Spierer studied textile merchandising and was highly active in the Jewish community in Indiana.
The 20-year-old met her boyfriend Jesse Wolf and her friend Jay Rosenbaum and many others years
earlier at Camp Towanda, a summer camp in Honesdale, Pennsylvania who later comprised her
friend circle.
THE NIGHT LAUREN DISAPPEARED: Rob and Charlene had no qualms about bidding their daughter
Goodbye as they dropped her at Indiana for her freshman year. They considered it safe. But what they learned later during investigations was heart-jarring. Bloomington like other colleges has its dark sides. Many students complain of rampant alcohol abuse and a thriving drug scene of
which Lauren was a part.
She had been arrested for public intoxication nine months before her disappearance and later on
police found a small amount of cocaine in her room in 2011 after she had disappeared.
“It was a little bit of shock,” Charlene remarked about her daughter’s participation in the party scene.
On the night of 2nd June Lauren was outlined to have a wild night with Corey Rossman, Rosenbaum’s
neighbor.
Seth Parker who was into Bloomington’s drug scene around that time said Corey told him later that
Lauren and himself were partying and ‘pre-gaming’ at another apartment before heading to Kilroy’s
at 1:46 a.m. according to surveillance footage.
“They’re only about 30 minutes, but during that time, she leaves her shoes and her cellphone
in the bar”, says former FBI agent Officer Brad Garrett. “I think this gives you some indication about
how out of it she may be at this point.”
Lauren and Corey left Kilroy’s and headed towards Smallwood Plaza Apartments, where her
residence is located at 2:30 a.m. Zack Oakes, one of the four students they ran into in the hallway,
notices the former’s level of intoxication and inquired if she was okay.
“They don’t like the way Rossman is handling Lauren. And Rossman supposedly says
something smart to him and this guy decides to deck him.” Officer Garrett said. “Rossman goes
down.”
After they left Smallwood, the pair made their way to Rossman’s apartment at 2:48 a.m. Surveillance
cameras mounted on a nearby alley showed her exit the alley at 2:51 a.m. where the girl’s keys and
purse were found. After some time Corey tosses her over his shoulder in a fireman’s carry.
Once in Rossman’s apartment, he fell sick and went to bed according to his old roommate. The latter
then took Spierer next door, to the apartment of another friend, Jason Rosenbaum.

Jay sees what bad shape Lauren is in and says, ‘Lauren lay down on the couch. Go to sleep. Go
home in the morning.’ And she won’t do it, Garrett said. She says,’ I want to keep going, I want to
go.’ Jay walks her to the door and he sees her walk up 11th street.”
Reportedly he was the last person to see her alive.
INVESTIGATION: In August 2011, police conducted a nine-day search of the Sycamore Ridge Landfill
in Pimento for clues in the disappearance. Hundreds of volunteers also joined Lauren’s parents and authorities in a massive search that covered abandoned quarries, dense forests, and, in a last-ditch the effort, a local landfill. But they found nothing.
The HLN show, Real Life Nightmare, detailed the Lauren Spierer case in an hourlong episode called
“Night of No Return.” Spierer’s case has been covered in multiple podcasts, including Crime Junkie,
True Crime Garage, Going West: True Crime, True Crime All The Time Unsolved, Trace Evidence, and
Not Another True Crime Podcast.
In April 2015, the Bloomington Police tried investigating a possible link between Spierer’s disappearance and the murder of another IU student, Hannah Wilson, who went missing on April 24, 2015, after visiting Kilroy’s. Wilson was last seen getting into a taxi in front of the bar and driving
away. Her body was found the next morning in Brown County. A local man named Daniel Messel was
arrested for the murder after his cell phone was discovered near the body. In July 2015, Dietl concluded that the two cases are unrelated and any similarities between the two cases were purely coincidental.
Five years later the missing posters were all but gone around the Bloomington campus. But Rob and
Charlene has not given up and quietly, the case is very much alive as Officer Garrett and the team
of private investigators have turned up new witnesses, leads, and theories.
THEORIES: 1) “When something happens to someone, it’s usually from their circle”, says the officer
Brad. Hence, he started with those close to Lauren.
• Jesse Wolfe helped with the searches initially but later his parents took him away which
Robert thought was odd. No witnesses reported seeing Wolfe out that night and he claims
that he was occupied watching NBA finals and went to ned around 2:30 a.m. according to his
roommate.
• The police took a DNA sample from Corey Rossman and he denied further involvement. He
also claimed to have lost his memory after being slugged in Lauren’s apartment building.
Now living in New York, he declined repeated requests to talk, though his attorney says that
Rossman continues to cooperate which the police.
2) Stranger Abduction- The police have also acknowledged they have not ruled out the
possibility of an abduction by a stranger. Spierer’s parents have previously stated that they do
not believe her disappearance was a random abduction.
3)In 2017, Brown County prosecutor, Ted Adams, reported he believed Daniel Messel could
be related to Spierer’s disappearance. In 2016, Messel was convicted of killing Hannah Wilson.

  • Wilson had only been reported missing for one day when her body was found in a
    desolate field; she had been bludgeoned to death. Messel’s cell phone was discovered at her
    feet. Messel has never been charged in connection with Spierer’s case.
    Ten-year elapses since Spierer’s death Robert and Charlene Spierer, still “emotionally raw,” in the words of Charlene, continue visiting Bloomington, to keep up the search. Given the case’s high
    profile, it is unlikely police will officially move the file into the cold-case drawer anytime soon. For now, at least, “leads are coming in from several different places,” says Robert Spirier. “It’s one continuous series of leads and information that, at one point, might fall into place.

Citations:

1. The 5 Most Mysterious Unsolved Disappearances of All Time| Time https://time.com/5532711/mysterious-unsolved-disappearances/

2. Disappearance of Lauren Spierer- Wikipedia https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disappearance_of_Lauren_Spierer&ved=2ahUKEwi_06z02q3xAhWxmOYKHcBmCGEQFjAAegQIBRAC&usg=AOvVaw17N3WaONWqyYIXtt1c9fzq

3. 5 Years After She Vanished, New Hope in Lauren Spierer Case-ABC News https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://abcnews.go.com/amp/US/lauren-spierer-case-years-vanished-hope/story%3Fid%3D40084230&ved=2ahUKEwjVn_qs263xAhWL7XMBHZj8CFQQFjABegQIFRAC&usg=AOvVaw2-Z5Bs8YEWPs0NSpw4yeWd&ampcf=1

4. The Lauren Spierer Mystery, Unraveled- Indianapolis Monthly https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://www.indianapolismonthly.com/news-and-opinion/crime/the-lauren-spierer-mystery-unraveled&ved=2ahUKEwijrpzK263xAhX7IbcAHRDODzEQFjAAegQIBRAC&usg=AOvVaw3rf3qK1HJmbbROajY0zbMW

EL CAPITAN DEPARTS

Sergio Ramos, one of Real Madrid’s most accomplished players, has bid an emotional farewell to the Santiago Bernabeu club after 16 years in which he played 671 times and won 22 titles. Only two players in history have scored more Champions League final goals (neither is a defender like Ramos), and no one has led Real Madrid to European Cup or Champions League success as many times (three) as this Sevilla native. A natural force is now ready to leave his club.

ACHIEVEMENTS– Sergio’s career is decorated with trophies and records both at the club and international level. He is 2004 U-19 Europe Cup champion(Spain), 2010 FIFA World Cup Winner(Spain), two times Europe Cup Champion(Spain). At the club level, with Real Madrid,he is four times Champions League winner, five times Spanish Champion, two times Spanish Cup winner, four times Spanish Super Cup winner, four times FIFA Club World Cup winner, and three times UEFA Supercup winner.His €27 million transfer from Sevilla to Madrid in 2005, when he was 19 years old, remains a record fee for a Spanish youth. Ramos has scored in 17 straight Liga seasons, a Liga record for a defender. Ramos is one of only a few defenders to have scored in two different European Cup finals, and he is the only one to have done it during the UEFA Champions League era. . He is LaLiga’s top goalscoring defender of all time(68 goals). Ramos has been named to the FIFPro World11 eleven times, a defender record and the third-most all-time. He has also been included to the UEFA Team of the Year nine times, a defender record and the third-most of any player. Ramos has also been voted La Liga’s Best Defender a record five times, as well as a member of the La Liga Team of the Season in 2015–16. Ramos is the most capped player in the history of the Spanish national team, and he is the country’s eighth-highest all-time goalscorer. He also holds the record for most international victories for Spain, having won 131 games. These records can show his importance for the team both at national and club level.

SERGIO RAMOS LAST MATCH IN REAL MADRID JERSEY

WHY HE IS LEAVING-Ramos requested a new two-year contract to stay in Madrid, but Los Blancos president Florentino Perez was unwilling to break his policy of only offering one-year contracts to players beyond the age of 30. Conversations between Perez and Ramos had been going on for a year and had lasted into June. However, neither party was willing to make a concession. He is no longer the man he once was at the age of 35. Injury has badly affected his season, particularly in the second half, and Luis Enrique has decided to keep him out of Spain’s team for Euro 2020. The club tried its best to convince Ramos to stay for one year but it was too late.

FUTURE– Despite his age, Ramos is one of the world’s top defenders. A number of prominent European clubs are still keeping an eye on Ramos, who will be available on a free transfer. According to reports, the Premier League three of Manchester United, Chelsea, and Manchester City are interested in bringing Ramos to England. Paris Saint-Germain, another French powerhouse, has been connected with the defender. These are the only clubs which will be able to handle the Spaniard’s reported €12million annual salary demands. Everyone, including Real Madrid’s fans are curious to know about his next destination

What Happened With Lt Col Purohit And Pragya Is Most Unfortunate!

Coming straight to the crux of the matter, let me initiate my humble piece by first and foremost pointing out that in a huge relief for Lt Col Prasad Shrikant Purohit, Sadhvi Pragya Singh Thakur and others in the 2008 Malegaon blast case, the Supreme Court on April 13, 2016 said categorically that there was no evidence to charge them under Maharashtra Control of Organised Crimes Act (MCOCA) at this stage and their bail could hence be examined on merit by a trial court. We all saw how after rotting for nearly nine years on jail could Lt Col Purohit get bail after legal giant who is none other than Harish Salve. himself most meticulously, brilliantly and most convincingly argued for his bail in the top court! It is most unfortunate that the order to consider their bail expeditiously came close to eight years after the military intelligence officer and others were arrested and jailed in connection with the blast case. This cannot be justified under any circumstances!           For nearly eight years a serving army officer of the armed forces and that too of the intelligence wing was made to suffer all sorts of humiliation along with jail and yet not even chargesheet has been filed against him leave alone trial being started! Same is the case with Sadhvi Pragya Singh Thakur. Is this the way a nation treats its officers?                                                    If there was an open and shut case against him as those who arrested him projected then why after eight years they have not been able to even file a  chargesheet and why they have not produced any evidence before the court? How can any person leave alone army officer be made to wear the tag of a terrorist without giving him any opportunity to defend himself in last eight years? Why was the police worshipping in temple the evidence it has to prove that Lt Colonel Purohit is a terrorist? Why only media hype against Lt Col Purohit for. 8 to 9 years that he was planning to make India a Hindu state without any evidence whatsoever?                                     How long will police keep the nation waiting? Who will be responsible if it is found that there is no evidence against Purohit and others? Why a UN report which mentioned that a Pakistan based terror group was responsible for the terror attack yet Purohit who as intelligence officer was providing information on terrorist was himself implicated instead? Why no evidence has been produced against him?                                               Why a bench of Supreme Court comprising of Justices FMI Kalifulla and Abhay Manohar Sapre said that, “There was no concrete evidence to show their involvement in any other criminal case and the trial court should decide their bail plea on merit, preferably within one month”? Was it just for fun that two Judges and that too serving judges of our highest court – Supreme Court are saying that there was no concrete evidence to show their involvement in any other criminal case? Why Supreme Court said there was considerable doubt about the involvement of those charged under the MCOCA? Again was it just for fun? What nonsense!                                                      Why trial court didn’t decide their bail plea nearly eight years back and why Lt Col Purohit was made to suffer along with Sadhvi Pragya Thakur in jail where their health deteriorated thus grossly violating their legal rights? Why Lt Col Purohit’s wife had to say with moist eyes that, “Nothing has changed. I am tired?” What was the compelling circumstance that police decided to keep a serving army officer of the rank of Lt Colonel in jail for nearly eight years without producing any evidence against him in nay court? This itself proves that there is more to it than meets the eye and his arrest along with others was done as part of a grand political conspiracy to keep the ruling elite happy and to be on their right side!     We have just seen the murky racket of police officers extorting crores of rupees from rich to pay hundreds of crores to politicians in this very State named Maharashtra  due to which senior police officials were either dismissed from service as we saw in case of Assistant Police Inspectors Sachin Waze, Riyazuddin Kazi and Sunil Mane! The NIA claimed that  Sunil Mane was part of the conspiracy to kill Thane-based business man Hiran   who purportedly owned the explosive-laden vehicle which was found parked near Ambani’s house ‘Antilia’ in South Mumbai on February 25. By the way, Hiren’s body was found in a creek in Thane on March 5, 2021. Very serious allegations were levelled against Maharashtra State Home Minister Anil Deshmukh by former Mumbai Police Commissioner Param Vir Singh!                                      Why for nearly eight years Lt Colonel Purohit was not shown even the army documents which he had a right to see? Why it is that only now after the Defence Minister Manohar Parrikar has himself personally intervened to make it clear that the main accused in the Malegaon and Samjhauta blasts, Lt Col Prasad Purohit, would be given access to documents he had sought to enable him to prove his innocence? Why was he denied even his basic legal right for such a long time? Who were those army officers who didn’t want that he should be shown any documents and why? They must explain!                                                    Why such a senior army officer of the rank of Major General and having an impeccable reputation whom we keep listening in most of the news channels speaking always about defence and our national interests – GD Bakshi keeps crying foul on the manner in which Lt Colonel Purohit was falsely implicated and he was made a fall guy while the real culprits were allowed to run away? Why RSN Singh a retired officer of RAW whom again we keep listening in various news channels talking always about our national interests writes in his cover story titled “Col Purohit : A Victim Of Hindu Terror Industry” published in Uday India magazine dated March 22, 2014 that, “Look at the distance the anti-national discourse of Indian politics has travelled. A film actor serving sentence for aiding and abetting terrorism is the beneficiary of parole with vulgar regularity and brazenness and Col Purohit, a patriotic soldier continues to languish in prison. His cardinal sin being his infiltration into the network of Indian Mujahideen and its patron LeT. More than two dozen concerned officers have vouched in Court-of-Inquiry that in pursuit of his duty, by no standards ordinary, he had kept the organization in loop. Purohit, in keeping with the imperatives of country’s security, shared intelligence with sister agencies including the Maharashtra ATS, which invited him on several occasions to deliver lectures. By now it is clearly established by some prime plotters and participants of 26/11 like Ajmal Kasab, David Headley and Abu Jundal, that a painstaking diligence was invested by the planners to portray the attack as handiwork of ‘Hindu terror’ organisations. If Ajmal Kasab had not been caught alive the plot had nearly succeeded. It was a sort of divine intervention that Kasab developed cold-feet and failed to destroy himself as per the instruction of his handlers and jihadi indoctrination. The network of plotters included some politicians and journalists in India. Readers may find out who wrote a book, (to apologise later) about 26/11 being a handiwork of Hindu groups and which politician was the chief guest during the release of the book!Fabrication of ‘Hindu Terror’Few days before 26/11, I was solicited by the Tehelka magazine to write a column on my views on the arrest of Col Purohit. My initial response, knowing the unabashed pro-establishment proclivities of the magazine, was that my views would be repugnant. Only when, I was assured of my intellectual freedom, I relented. I must say, my views were not only respected, it was carried as the very first item on Nov 22, 2008 issue. Without the benefit of hindsight I then wrote:“It is a travesty to paint Purohit as the Indian Osama Bin Laden. Going by the selective and flip-flop leaks by the Anti Terrorist Squad (ATS) of Maharashtra, and the manner in which the media is lapping it up, it appears that there is a concerted bid to make an ‘Osama bin Laden’ out of Lt Col Purohit, and prove that Sadhvi Pragya and her accomplices are the new ‘Hindu jihadis’. The credulity of the general public is being stretched on various scores. Firstly, the speed at which fresh revelations are being disseminated by the ATS, is in complete disregard to professional propriety. Secondly, the unprecedented number of narco tests the accused are being subjected to. Thirdly, there is a total blankout with regard to the version of the accused. Fourthly, with every passing day, the network is being enlarged; as if to suggest that the entire country is being consumed by ‘Hindu terrorism’, and has pan-Indian dimension. Fifthly, if intercepts of some of the accused were available prior to the blasts, why were no pre-emptive measures taken? Sixthly, no army representative has been included in the interrogation team. Seventhly, the most intriguing aspect is the timing of the investigations—on the eve of elections.“The ATS revelations are extremely complex in nature due to the alleged involvement of an army officer belonging to military intelligence. The media, therefore, needs to be cautious about the manner in which it reports the briefs by the ATS. The Colonel is a legitimate intelligence operative. Interaction with the police authorities, other intelligence agencies, desirable and undesirable elements, was very much a part of his duty. No intelligence agency issues written orders in pursuance of intelligence operations. The entire system is based on trust and faith. It is yet to be established how much disconnect there is between the legitimate and illegitimate activities of the officer during the course of his duty. The level and extent of interaction and cooperation that the officer had with other intelligence agencies is not known. There can be no greater travesty than the suggestion by certain quarters that the involvement of Lt Col Purohit is symptomatic of a deeper malaise in the Indian army.“An officer of military intelligence is not in direct command of troops. He has only a small complement of personnel working under him. A military intelligence officer is hardly competent in providing training on improvised explosive devices. Importantly, the nation must trust in the legal procedures of the army which is far more stringent. The army will brook no ideology which impacts on its established secular character and credentials. As and when Lt Col Purohit is handed back to army custody, it is inevitable that he will be meted out the appropriate punishment, if found guilty. The media must be patient, and, spare the army.”In flagrant violation of all imperatives, norms and practice Col Purohit was not handed back to the army nor the Indian army was meaningfully incorporated in the interrogation and investigation. The country could trust the Indian army with 92,000 Pak prisoners in the wake of 71 War, but could not be depended for fairness and justice with one of its own intelligence officer. It is now beyond doubt that the decision of his civil custody was deliberate and conspiratorial. It nails the persisting doubts regarding involvement of facilitators within the Indian dispensation in staging 26/11.Anticipating that Col Purohit will eventually be handed over to the Army I wrote in the Indian Defence Review in 2008:“The level and extent of intelligence interaction and cooperation with other intelligence agencies that this officer had, is also not known. That is why, it was very important to have a representative of the military intelligence, when the interrogation of the officer began. To that extent, a state police organisation is not only under-equipped but also out of sync with central intelligence agencies in dealing with an official of military intelligence.”The stories being fed to the media by the government was not only incredulous but outrageous to any professional intelligence personnel. Those feeding the information particularly to a particular newspaper were police discards who had gravitated to this altered ATS, solely for the purpose of politicising terror at the behest of their political masters. Subsequently, post 26/11 another investigative organisation was created to perpetuate politicisation of terror at national scale. The low intensity blasts in Malegaon in September 2008 was the trigger for creation of the desperate theme of Hindu terror, following which the respective ATSs of states ruled by one particular party went on an overdrive. The newspaper as mentioned, in its blind fidelity, reproduced stories of Hindu terror dished out by the govt, having hilarious contradictions in frequency of two consecutive days. The plot was slowly unraveling and so was the desperation of the spin-doctors. I therefore expressed my suspicion thus in Indian Defence Review in 2008:“The investigation following the ‘Malegaon blasts’, is extremely complex in nature due to the alleged involvement of an army officer belonging to the military intelligence. The media, therefore, needs to be extremely cautious and circumspect about the manner in which it reports the briefs by the ATS. I have deep apprehension that the complete truth, as and when it unfolds in the future, could have several unsavoury and damaging twist.”Unsavoury and Damaging DeductionsIt has indeed proven to be unsavoury and damaging. Now, with the benefit of hindsight analysis and driven by growing crops of facts and evidence, some of the ineluctable deductions are:■             26/11 was orchestrated by Pakistan and other external powers in concert with vested interests in India. The objectives of external interests was geopolitical and of internal players— the need to balance the spate of jihadi terror by fabricating so-called ‘Hindu terror’. Towards this, there were plans in place in all three phases of 26/11, i.e. preparatory phase, conduct phase, and post-conduct phase. In the preparatory phase, the jihadis were taught about Hindu ways and were also taught Hindi language. Their instructor was none other than Abu Jundal, who has confessed as much to the Indian authorities. The jihadis were made to wear sacred threads on their wrists to establish their identities as ‘Hindus’ after their ‘shahadat’ (martyrdom). In the conduct phase, it appears that the chief of the ATS Mr Hemant Karkare was eliminated as he knew ‘too much’ and in the post-conduct phase or consolidation phase, the plans to publish books labeling 26/11 as an act of ‘Hindu terror’ was pursued, despite the unexpected apprehension of Ajmal Kasab, which had put paid the conspiracy.■             The low intensity blast in Malegaon were probably orchestrated in September 2008 (Malegaon-II), just two months before 26/11 to create the bogey of ‘Hindu terror’ so that the attack could be sold as an act of ‘Hindu terror’ with some degree of credulity.■             Later, Malegaon-II was used as the trigger and kernel to weave the story of so-called ‘Hindu terror’. High publicity suspects were carefully chosen, created and implicated. It included an army officer (Col Purohit) and a saffron clad woman Hindu activist (Sadhvi Pragya). Great combination for publicity and to neutralise Pak-sponsored jihadi terror!■             Once Malegaon-II to facilitate 26/11 was effected, to dispel obvious doubts the spin-doctors began to work backwards in order to prove that all terrorist attacks in which Muslims were victims, were the handiwork of the so-called ‘Hindu terror’ groups. In this bid, they got badly stuck on two counts, i.e. Malegaon-I (2006) and Samjhauta Express blast (2007). In Malegaon-I, the casualties were very high, some 37 people were killed and usage of RDX was in evidence. In establishing the attack as ‘Hindu terror’, the spin-doctors are in quandary about pin-pointing the source of RDX. Initially, through the medium of its captive newspaper, it was disseminated that it was sourced from the army. However the very next day, it was clarified that the Indian army does not use RDX. As far as Samjhauta Express blasts are concerned, the Moroccan wife of David Headley, Faiza Outalha, had told the US Embassy in Pakistan that her husband was the mastermind. The US State Treasury Department till today maintains that the main financer of the blasts was a Karachi-based businessman, and LeT operative, Muhammad Arif Qasmani.■             It also appears that Col Purohit was castigated and then taken into custody to facilitate 26/11, as he had infiltrated deep into LeT network. His arrest was also used a measure to scare conscientious operatives of other intelligence agencies.■             Similarly, the self-inflicted vicissitudes of the Aseemanand case are ludicrous. Sometimes he undergoes a ‘change of heart’ and is on a song, only to retract later, sometimes a ghost journalist interviews him in the dark room of the jail, which he subsequently denies.■             The scripting of the untruths has been so unprofessional and so politically motivated that the establishment is finding it nearly impossible to prepare credible and sustainable charge-sheets against these so-called ‘Hindu terrorists’.”ConclusionIndia’s most respected and incisive intelligence and geopolitical analyst, Mr B Raman, a former senior official of R&AW, was at pains to underscore that there is no phenomenon such as ‘Hindu terrorism’. He was castigated by his detractors. He was called names. His detractors insinuated that he was looking for sinecures by the future dispensation. A hurt and distraught Mr Raman had to finally reveal that he, suffering from terminal stages of cancer, and was only looking for sinecures away from this earth. Mr Raman left for the heavenly abode on June 16, 2013.                                                 After series of jihadi attacks across the nation in the preceding five years, the decision to script the so-called ‘Hindu terror’ by the ‘Hindu terror industry’ was in keeping with the imperatives of vote-bank politics in run up to the elections in 2009. Untruths are now recoiling on the establishment. In the past five years, nothing has been established against the so-called ‘Hindu terrorists’, like Col Purohit and Sadhvi Pragya. They deserve to be restored and rehabilitated with dignity with which a saint and soldier deserves. If a nervous establishment decides to see last of them before it relinquishes power, then it is another matter. What  a senior former intelligence officer of RAW – Col RSN Singh has written cannot be brushed aside very lightly!                                                  Lt Col Purohit claimed that he had been framed in the Samjhauta blasts while he had successfully infiltrated various terror groups such as the Indian Mujahideen and the SIMI. He said with tears in his eyes that, “I have been robbed of honour, dignity and rank and punished for serving the nation”. What a tragedy that Indian politicians go out of the way to invite Pakistani invaders like Gen Pervez Musharraf who masterminded Kargil war in which we lost officially more than 600 soldiers and treat him like a royal emperor but care two hoots for Indian officers like Lt Col Purohit who at the risk of their own lives penetrate inside enemy camp only to be themselves labelled a terrorist, Captain Saurav Kalia and 5 soldiers of 4 Jat Regiment who were the first to inform about Pakistan troops infiltration and who on being captured alive were brutally tortured for not 5 or 10 days but nearly a month before maiming them, not sparing even their private parts but our politicians forgot everything within two-three months and started dining in Gen Musharraf – mastermind of Kargil and who labels terror leaders of dreaded terror organizations like Hizbul Mujahideen and Lashkar-e-Taiba like Syed Salaluddin and Hafiz Saeed as “Yeh to hamare hero hai ji hero. Bharat ke liye to aatankwadi hain paar hamare liye to yeh aasli hero hain ji aasli hero”. Captain Saurav Kalia was brutally tortured by Pakistani soldiers and terrorists but Lt Col Purohit is even more unlucky as he was tortured most brutally not for just one month but for nearly 8 years to force him to give a confession not by any Pakistani army or terrorist or ISI but by Indian police, Indian intelligence and all donning uniform of India which is his own nation and not Pakistan! Disgusting!                                         Anyway coming back to the main subject, incidentally, NIA Director General Sharad Kumar clarified that Lt Col Purohit was never an accused in the Samjhauta blasts case. However, he had been charge-sheeted by the Mumbai Anti-Terrorism Squad in the Malegaon blast case, and the NIA was investigating the matter.                                             I have always been deadly against terrorists ever since my best friend Sageer Khan told me way back in 1994 that terrorists are a threat to our entire nation unlike other ordinary criminals who are a threat to just one or few individuals and can never ever in my life be on their side but after going through Lt Col Purohit’s case, I am hundred percent convinced that he is not a terrorist rather is “a victim of most dangerous political conspiracy hatched up in cahoots with some senior police officers and some in the army”. If there was even an iota of proof against him that proof would not have been taken to any temple for nearly eight years but produced before the court! Just because a person sets up an organization or even has hardline views is no ground to send him to jail and keep him languishing there for nearly 8 years without even showing him the chargesheet and without producing him even before the lowest court!                                         You can dismiss what I say lightly but certainly not what Supreme Court says or a senior army officer of the stature of Gen GD Bakshi or a former RAW officer Col RSN Singh says and whom we always love to hear in various news channels because they always speak keeping in mind our national interests first and not any regional or religion interest first! Even the seniors of Lt Col Purohit confirm him as “over zealous officer” and profusely praised him but in his bad days he was left in the lurch to suffer all alone by himself with no one standing near him to defend! If this is the way in which an intelligence officer is treated for doing his duty who will like to take risk only to be himself labelled a terrorist?                                                  Justice must not only be done in Purohit’s case but also seen to be done! By not filing even a chargesheet in last nearly 8 years several questions have been thrown up and all those who are responsible for this needs to be taken to task! NHRC must itself also investigate the matter and all those who tortured Lt Col Purohit or Sadhvi Pragya must themselves be sent behind bars and taken to task for their misdeeds and misdemeanours! The hush hush manner in which Lt Col Purohit was arrested and the total opaque manner in which he was treated for days after his arrest raises most serious question marks on those who arrested him!  What Lt Col Purohit’s family is bearing and what he himself or Sadhvi Pragya is bearing that only they themselves can understand best yet he always present a brave face which is truly commendable! Punish them with the strictest punishment if they are terrorists but facts on ground indicate otherwise! Kashmiri separatists leaders openly rant against India, chant anti-India slogans, are known for their proximity to terror leaders yet are not arrested but a serving army officer of intelligence like Lt Col Purohit is arrested and kept in jail without even filing a chargesheet for nearly 8 years! Disgusting! Most disgusting! Our courts as well as our governments must feel terribly ashamed for this unpalatable fiasco! Keeping a serving Army Officer in jail for nearly nine years without even chargesheet being filed against him is the biggest insult of our Indian Army and President being the supreme commander of Armed Forces should have spoken out vocally in his support and even now he can speak out for it is better to be late than never!  Sanjeev Sirohi,

The yellow fungus: 2021 has one more fatal disease to offer

Looks like the torments are going to take up new dimensions this 2021. While 2020 introduced us to the new normal, 2021 superseded its predecessor and comes bearing a variety of diseases to offer. We faced the mutated Covid-19, the wave of black fungus originating from Rajasthan, a few days ago we came across white fungus and its implications. As a ‘cherry’ on top of it all, today, India reported the first case of yellow fungus in Uttar Pradesh.

What is yellow fungus?

Yellow fungus otherwise known as mucor septicus, is a fungal infection just like black fungus and white fungus. It is said to often occur in lizards rather than human beings and has been classified deadly when compared to black and white fungus. The reason for its fatality is that it is harder to detect it, thus reducing the time to treat it at its earlier stages. In the worst case, it can also lead to organ failure and thus is not to be taken carelessly. The cause of fungal infections, be it black white or yellow, is said to arise due to poor hygiene. Fungal infections grow rapidly in atmospheres with higher humidity(30-40%).

Symptoms

Initial symptoms of yellow fungus are lack of appetite, lethargy and weight loss. The generality of early stage symptoms is the reason for its difficult detection. As the infection spreads, it can lead to sunken eyes, more time to heal wounds, development of pus and ultimately, it can induce necrosis(death of body cells and tissues), affecting organs leading to organ failure and in the worst case, death.

Out of the blue, why are fungal infections surfacing now?

Fungal infections are more likely to attack people with reduced immunity much than people with enriched immunity. Due the backlash faced by people due to Covid-19, the immunity system of people affected remained vulnerable. This vulnerability along with poor hygiene was taken advantage of, leading to rising cases of fungal infections. The director of the New Delhi’s All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) Randeep Guleria, stated that another reason for the spread is due to the irrational use of steroids for the treatment of Covid-19 contributing to compromised immunity. Find what Randeep Guleria said regarding this here.

Preventive methods

What can be done on our part to fight fungal infections? The obvious answer to it is clean environment. Some methods to follow:

  • Keep your residing place dry and clean as humidity is a growth factor for fungus.
  • Avoid using damp towels, shoes etc as they can become breeding grounds.
  • Do not wear tight clothing which can lead to absorption of sweat causing humid patches
  • Dispose stale food as soon as possible
  • Covid-19 patients should be careful and should report to hospital immediately on encountering symptoms

Be on the look out during these crazy times. Stay indoors and come out only if it is absolutely necessary. Be safe and take care.

China Issues Total Ban On Synthetic Cannabinoids

China will proudly become the world’s first nation to ban all synthetic cannabinoid substances, the country’s National Narcotics Control Commission declared. This endeavour is liable to come into effect on July 1. It echoes China’s continued efforts to crack down on new psychoactive substances. Xi Jinping, existing President of China, aims to advance China to its glory through his grand strategy of “National Rejuvenation”. 

 According to Chinese councils, more than eight thousand variations of synthetic cannabinoids are manufactured worldwide. While some are being produced domestically, others are being smuggled from abroad. As it is becoming one of the most abused new psychoactive substances it spawns severe health risks. It is also highly cloaked and camouflaged. Some are detected in e-cigarette oil and some in cut tobacco formulated from leaves, flower petals etc. The former U.S. President Trump irritatedly criticised China for shipping synthetic opioids into the U.S. Cannabinoid substances stance a severe threat to society and its use and abuse increased alarmingly in the last few years. Hence, it is arising as a public health problem. Many of these drugs create enormous threats for abuse, addiction or overdose than the remaining drugs of abuse that they replace. One of the primary concerns about the widespread usage of these dopes is that their properties are unpredictable, hence the degree of threat they pose is unlikely. 

Synthetic cannabinoids represent the largest group of drugs detected and reported worldwide to the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. Sprayed on natural herb mixtures, it is often sold as “herbal smoking blends” or “herbal scent” under several brand names. Synthetic cannabinoids have been linked with deaths and acute intoxications in Europe and many other areas. In addition to being more powerful than natural cannabis, it may also have long half-lives, dangerously leading to a prolonged psychoactive effect. These are human-made chemicals and it alters your mind too. These chemicals are labelled cannabinoids because of their similarity to marijuana plant chemicals. Because of this resemblance, synthetic cannabinoids are often misleadingly titled synthetic marijuana or fake weed. Hence they are traded as safe and legal. In fact, they are not at all safe and may harm the brain much more intensely than marijuana and in some cases, it may even be life-threatening.


Health effects of synthetic cannabinoids

• Violent behaviour 

• Heightened moods

• Severe anxiety

• Confusion

• Paranoia

• Hallucinations

• Rapid heart rates

• Vomiting

• Gloomy thoughts

How do people take synthetic cannabinoids
The most common way of using this synthetic cannabinoid is by smoking the dried plant material. Users also buy synthetic cannabinoid products as liquids to try them in e-cigarettes.
Its overdose may result in kidney damage and seizures.


Thus, China added synthetic cannabinoids to its list of banned drugs. It is the second time that the Chinese government imposed a class-wide ban on a substance after it controlled all fentanyl-related drugs in 2019. The changes may take effect on July 1. It is a new situation and a new challenge for China. China knows and they stood up for themselves, creating a new world, new life for its people. They are saving their people from the nightmares of chemical slavery. Let us all hope for the best.


Coronavirus Vaccines Highly Effective against B1.617.2 Variant

Coronovirus vaccine is highly effective against B1.617.2 variant, revealed by a Study in UK: A new study was conducted by some health officials in UK. It shocked everyone with its results. For the first time, it has revealed that the two doses of coronavirus vaccines are highly effective against the B1.617.2 variant i.e. the variant which was primarily reported in Maharashtra, India. It has also been referred as a double mutation variant throughout the world.

Coronavirus vaccine

Coronavirus Vaccines effectiveness against B1.617.2 Variant: 

As said by PHE (Public Health England) “The Pfizer or BioNTech vaccine was about 88 per cent effective against symptomatic COVID-19 from the B1.617.2 variant of concern (VOC) two weeks after the second dose, the Oxford/AstraZeneca vaccine was 60 per cent effective against symptomatic disease from the B1.617.2 VOC.”

However after a single dose of jab of vaccine, it was not much effective against VOC found in India. It’s effectiveness was 33% only.

As per Matt Hancock, the health secretary of UK, “This new evidence is groundbreaking – and proves just how valuable our COVID-19 vaccination programme is in protecting the people we love,”. 

He further said that “It’s clear how important the second dose is to secure the strongest possible protection against COVID-19 and its variants – and I urge everyone to book in their jab when offered, I’m increasingly confident we”re on track for the roadmap because this data shows the vaccine after two doses works just as effectively, and we all know that the vaccine is our way out of this”

As per the reports from analysis, the effectiveness of vaccine after two doses of jab is same in B1.617.2 variant as in the variant which is currenty present in UK. PHE (Public Health England) expects that the results will be more better in future and will be more effective against hospitalizations and deaths.

PHE also revealed that the difference in effectiveness between the vaccines after two doses could be explained by the fact that the second doses of AstraZeneca was rolled out a bit later than the Pfizer vaccine. The other data on antibody profiles showed that it usually takes longer to reach maximum effectiveness with the AstraZeneca vaccine.

A statement was also given by the vaccine deployment minister of UK, Nadhim Zahavi that “Today’s data is astounding and a true reflection of just how important it is to get both your jabs when offered. I encourage all those offered an appointment to get their jab booked in as soon as possible and take full advantage of the high levels of protection the vaccines bring”

PHE believes that since there are very less cases and insufficient follow up periods, it is taking longer for them to estimate the effectiveness of coronavirus vaccine against the B1.617.2 variant, but they  believe that they will definitely be able to evaluate this in the future. They estimate this not only in the case of variant primarily reported in India but also in the case of other variants which are being reported from different parts of world.

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Cyclone Yaas to intensify into ‘very severe cyclonic storm’ : Report

Cyclone Yaas cross Odisha, Bengal : It is supposed to intensify into very severe cyclonic storm. It is likely to move towards West Bengal, adjoining Odisha and coasts of Bangladesh. IMD’s Ranchi’s meteorological centre recently warns nearby states for heavy rainfall and also issued an alert in Jharkhand due to the cyclonic storm.

A low pressure area formed over the east central Bay of Bengal and adjoining sea today and this is supposed to turn into very severe cyclonic storm which will affect West Bengal and nearby areas on 26 May.


Cyclone Yaas as per meteorological reports:

The low pressure area is very likely to concentrate into a depression over east central Bay of Bengal by tomorrow, the 23rd May morning. It is very likely to move north-northwestwards, intensify into a Cyclonic Storm by 24th May and further into a very severe cyclonic storm during the subsequent 24 hours. ” the IMD said.

cyclone yaas

As per the pictures taken from satellite and information by meteorological centre, it would move further towards north west. The Ranchi meteorological centre also issued an alert related to a moderate to high thunderstorm and stormy winds blowing around with speed of 50km/h which is likely to appear on 25 or 26 may. In the areas most prone to cyclone, it is estimated by IMD officials that wind speed around Odisha, West Bengal and coasts of Bengal would reach upto 100km/h and will even increase thereafter.

It has been only one week since the tauktae storm hit the coasts of Gujarat. It caused a huge destruction there and in neighbouring areas and also a minor effect in northern states.

The NDRF (National Disaster Response Force) teams and Indian Navy are already keeping eyes on this. They are ready to assist the people of areas which are expected to be affected majorly. Light or moderate rainfall on other areas and heavy rainfall on areas near West Bengal, Odisha is expected. Heavy rainfall is also expected on 27 may on some areas.

Fisherman are already informed before and were advised to stay away from sea areas since 23 May. Apart from that, the railways around this region i.e. south western railways are also cancelled. As per sources around a dozen of trains are cancelled for 24 May to 26 May keeping the yaas cyclone in concern. And it is estimated that if cyclone won’t stop after 26, then cancellation of these train will step ahead further.

The effect of this cyclone will start appearing since 24 May with rise in wind speeds in nearby areas. The wind’s speed will gradually increase from 40 km/hr to 50 km/hr and at the time of arrival of cyclone it will end up reaching 100km/hr.

Today there was also a meeting held related to this by our prime minister Mr. Narendra Modi. He held a meeting with several officials of government to review the preparations done in advance for this upcoming disaster. Many ministers were included in this meeting including our home minister Amit Shah and some representatives from National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) and some other ministers to review the preparations.

Black Fungus Crisis In India! Symptoms, Cause, Treatment

What is Mucormycosis or Black Fungus? What are it’s symptoms, causes and treatment? Why there is sudden rise in cases of it? And who is at most risk?


Black Fungus

From the past few days, many cases of black fungus are found in India. Black Fungus or Mucormycosis is a very rare and a dangerous fungal infection that could even lead to death. This disease was made notifiable to public by government of India on thursday after asking states to report detail of confirmed and suspected cases to Integrated Disease Surveillance Programme.

Black Fungus cases have been confirmed in 18 states including Karnataka, Maharashtra, Uttarakhand, Telangana, Madhya Pradesh, Bihar, Haryana, Delhi, Andhra Pradesh. Most of these have confirmed it as a notifiable disease. Some states have also declared it as an epidemic like Gujarat, Odisha, Tamil Nadu and union territory of Chandigarh.


Mucormycosis is a very rare and deadly infection caused by exposure to mucor mould. It is present everywhere including the surroundings like soil, plants, decaying fruits and vegetables and even in nose and mucous of healthy people as per Dr. Nair.

It affects brain, lungs, sinus, eyes and other parts and could be extremely dangerous, especially in the case of diabetic individuals or those with very low immunity such as patients of cancer or AIDS.

Basically the floating fungal spore is the cause of it. It can enter your body through any cut in your skin and cause infection. But it is more dangerous if it travel through nose or sinus.

The reported cases of this infection are usually those who were under treatment or were recovered recently. The overusage of steroids is triggering this fungal infection.

Those who are under treatment of Covid 19 are given steroids so that inflammation in their lungs could be reduced. But these steroids also result in reducing immunity and pushing up the sugar levels of infected whether he/she is diabetic or not. It is believed that reduction in immunity and a high increase in sugar level is the primary cause of it.

The disease is having a dangerous mortality rate of about 50%.And if not treated earlier, the doctors have to remove affected part by surgery to save the patient.


Black Fungus symptoms:

  • Sinus Pain
  • Nasal Blockage
  • One sided headache
  • Swelling or Numbness
  • Toothache
  • Loosening of teeth
  • Chest Pain
  • Blurry vision
  • Blackness in skin

Who are at most risk?

  • Recently recovered people from corona
  • Diabetic people
  • People with low immunity
  • People who intake lots of steroids
  • People suffering from Cancer or Aids

Prevention for Black Fungus

  • Use masks
  • Wear long sleeved clothes
  • Wear shoes
  • Maintain personal hygiene
  • Exercise
  • Control Diabetes
  • Maintain Blood Sugar Levels
  • Reduce steroids
  • Keep hydrating yourself
  • Discontinue immunomodulating drugs

There is no specific treatment of black fungus till now. The only option to cure it is by surgery which makes this disease more dangerous. As the infected people have to get their eyes, jaw or any part of body that is infected to cure it.Overall currently in this tough time, one need to stay at home, stay fit, have a healthy diet and exercise. Try to keep your immune system strong and keep patience in current situation.  

 

National literature award- Sahitya Akademi awards for 2020 announced

The prestigious Sahitya Akademi Award

The Sahitya Akademi has announced its annual Sahitya Akademi Awards and selected 20 creators, including senior Congress leader Sri M.Veerappa Moily and Hindi poet Ms. Anamika, for the Academy Award of the year 2020. The Sahitya Akademi Award is a literary honour in India, which the Sahitya Akademi, India’s National Academy of Letters, annually confers on writers of the most outstanding books of literary merit published in any of the 24 major Indian languages, i.e., English and the 22 listed languages.

Anamika is the first female poet to be nominated for the Sahitya Akademi Award for Hindi poetry. The names announced on this academy on Friday include seven poets, four novelists, five short-stories writers, two playwrights and one memoir and epic writer.

According to the academy, the awards in 20 Indian languages ​​have been declared, while the names of those in Malayalam, Nepali, Oriya and Rajasthani languages ​​will be announced later. Moily is being awarded for the Kannada epic “Sri Bahubali Ahimsadigvijayam”, while Ms.Arundhati Subramaniam is given the Academy Award for the English poetry “When God Is a Traveller”.

Ms.Anamika to be honored for ”Tokri mein Digant” in her Hindi poetry collection “Their Gatha-2014”.
Other honored authors include Sri Harish Meenashru in Gujarati, Sri R.S. Bhaskar in Konkani, Sri Irungbam Deven in Manipuri, Sri Roopchand Hansdah in Santhali, Sri Maheshchandra Sharma Gautam in Sanskrit and Sri Nikhileshwar in Telugu. For novels Nanda Khare in Marathi, Imaiyam in Tamil and Hussain-ul-Haq in Urdu are included.

The short story will be awarded to Sri Apurba Kumar Saikia in Assamese, late Sri Dharanidhar Owari in Bodo, late Hirday Koul Bharti in Kashmiri, Sri Kamalkant Jha in Maithili and Sri Gurdev Singh Rupana in Punjabi. Sri Gian Singh in Dogri and Sri Jetho Lalwani in Sindhi for his plays, while Bengali writer Sankar (Manishankar Mukhopadhyay) has been chosen for the memoir. All these will be honored with a cash of one lakh rupees, a shawl with a copper-plaque. The date for the ceremony of honor has not been set yet. 21 child authors and 18 teen authors were nominated for Baal sahitya and Yuva Sahitya Akademi awards respectively.

Homeopathy Can Be Used In Preventing & Mitigating COVID-19 As Per AYUSH Ministry Guidelines

As recently as on December 15, 2020, Supreme Court in a learned, laudable and landmark judgment titled Dr AKB Sadbhavana Mission School Of Homeo Pharmacy vs The Secretary, Ministry Of AYUSH & Ors. in Civil Appeal No. 4049 of 2020 (arising out of SLP(C) No. 15293/2020 Diary No. 19638 of 2020) has minced no words to clarify that homeopathy can be used in preventing and mitigating Covid-19 as per AYUSH ministry guidelines. Thus some observations made by the Kerala High Court were modified on this score. But it also clarified that the Kerala High Court is right in its observations that no medical practitioner can claim that it can cure Covid-19.

To start with, this notable judgment authored by Justice Ashok Bhushan for himself, Justice R Subhash Reddy and Justice MR Shah the ball is set rolling in para 2 after allowing application seeking permission to file special leave petition and granting leave in para 1 wherein it is observed that, “This appeal has been filed by the appellant Dr. AKB Sadbhavana Mission School of Homeo Pharmacy aggrieved by the part of Division Bench judgment of Kerala High Court dated 21.08.2020 passed in Writ Petition (C) No.9459 of 2020. The appellant, who was not party in the writ petition feeling aggrieved by certain directions issued by the High Court have come up in this appeal.”
While stating the purpose of the writ petition, the bench then observes in para 3 that, “We need to notice the contents and prayers of the writ petition filed in the Kerala High Court by respondent No.4 (proforma respondent). The writ petition was filed by respondent No.4, an Advocate praying for writ of Mandamus or for any other writ or order directing the Secretary, Department of AYUSH, Government Secretariat, Trivandrum to ensure that the Homeopathic practitioners are immediately allowed to perform in accordance with the Exhibit-P1 notification (Guidelines dated 06.03.2020 issued by Secretary, Department of AYUSH (Ministry of Ayurveda, Yoga & Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha, Sowa-Rigpa and Homeopathy) (AYUSH, New Delhi).”
While then stating the petitioner’s case and grievance, it is then unfolded in para 4 that, “The petitioner’s case in the writ petition is that petitioner is an ardent admirer of the Homeopathic medicine system, which system of medicine in India is controlled and regulated by the Ministry of AYUSH. The petitioner pleaded that to control the spread of Coronavirus (COVID-19), notification dated 06.03.2020 was issued by the Secretary, Ministry of AYUSH to the Chief Secretaries of all States in which notification, it was pointed out that interventions under AYUSH systems have been varyingly used for making an effective public health response in similar situations faced in many States/Union Territories earlier. The petitioner’s grievance was that State of Kerala and the Secretary, Department of AYUSH, Government Secretariat, Trivandrum did not take steps to implement the advisory dated 06.03.2020 whereas many other State Governments have taken steps much earlier. The petitioner pleaded that Homeopathic system would have been absolutely able to control the spread of COVID-19 through its immunity boosting medicines. Petitioner further stated in the writ petition that if the Homeopathic medicines had been distributed earlier in highly affected pockets and particularly to those under isolation and quarantine, the explosive situation had not happened, which has happened in the State of Kerala. The only prayer made in the writ petition are to the following effect:- 
(i) To issue a Writ of Mandamus or any other Writ or Order directing the third respondent to ensure that the Homeopathic practitioners are immediately allowed to perform in accordance with the Exhibit P-1 notification. 
(ii) To grant such other reliefs as this Honourable Court deems fit and proper in the facts and circumstances of the case. 
To put things in perspective, the Bench then brings out in para 5 that, “The Division Bench of the High Court disposed of the writ petition by judgment dated 21.08.2020. The High Court in its judgment has extracted advisory dated 06.03.2020 of the Government of India, Ministry of AYUSH, the Government Order dated 08.04.2020 and 21.04.2020 issued by Government of Kerala and after noticing the aforesaid, the High Court disposed of the writ petition. In paragraphs 13 and 14 of the judgment, the High Court has stated as follows:- 
“13. It is the case of the petitioner that Exhibit-P1 has not been implemented by the State of Kerala, whereas it is the submission of learned Senior Government Pleader that Government has approved the action plan of Homeo Department for giving Homeo medicines as prophylactic. However, the target population was not intended to include COVID-19 patients or their contacts or those people, under quarantine. Advisory of the Ministry of AYUSH is being followed by the Government and tablets are given free of cost to those persons as immunity boosters. As per the State Medical Protocol, COVID-19 affected persons should not be treated by anybody other than the Government and those authorised by the Government. As per the medical protocol of the Government, doctors practising in AYUSH medicines are not supposed to prescribe any medicines, stating that it is curative for COVID-19 disease. However, as per the advisory, there is nothing prohibiting the qualified medical AYUSH practitioners to prescribe immunity booster mixture or tablets, as suggested by the Ministry of AYUSH, Government of India, New Delhi. When the Central as well as State Governments have approved prescription of certain mixtures and tablets, as immunity boosters, qualified medical practitioners in AYUSH can also prescribe the same, but only as immunity boosters. 
14. We also make it clear that if any qualified doctor practising AYUSH medicine, makes any advertisement or prescribes any drugs or medicines, as a cure for COVID-19 disease, except those specifically mentioned in Annexure-I advisory to Exhibit-P1 D.O. letter dated 6.3.2020, it is open for the respondents to take appropriate action under the provisions of the Disaster Management Act, 2005, and the orders of the Governments, both Central as well as the State, issued from time-to-time. Only those tablets or mixtures shall be given as immunity booster and not as cure for COVID-19. AYUSH medical practitioners are further directed not to violate the Government Order dated 6.3.2020. In this regard, Medical/Police Departments are also directed to monitor the action of AYUSH medical practitioners. 
Writ petition is disposed of accordingly.””
While stating the grievance of the petitioner, the Bench then notes in para 6 that, “The appellant, who was not party to the writ petition, has filed this appeal and the reasons given for filing this appeal by the appellant as stated in paragraph 4 of the application seeking permission to file special leave petition, are as follows:- 
“4. It is respectfully submitted that the Hon\’ble High Court had not issued any notice either to Ministry of AYUSH, Government of India or to Homoeopathy doctors or its organisation before passing the impugned order. Homoeopathy Doctors are treating all patients who come for treatment. As is well known, most of the Covid-19 patients, are asymptomatic and therefore such blanket orders will cause grave prejudice to the Homoeopathy doctors, who treat the patients. The direction to take action under the Disaster Management Act is very harsh and the said order has been passed without hearing the doctors, who are affected by such orders. The Writ Petition has been filed by a lawyer, who is an ardent follower of homoeopathy medicine. The prayer was to implement the direction passed by AYUSH on 06.03.2020. The Hon\’ble High Court unfortunately went beyond the pleadings and made observations which will affect the profession of Homoeopathy doctors. It is pertinent to mention here that many of the State Governments have been prescribing Homoeopathy medicines as an immunity booster. Even the Health Minister, Government of Kerala had given a press statement that Homoeopathy medicines are very good for prevention of Covid-19. In the State of Gujarat, the Government itself had prescribed the homoeopathy medicines for its citizens.” 
Be it noted, para 7 then states that, “The appellant is aggrieved by the directions of the High Court contained in paragraph 14 only. The High Court in its judgment dated 21.08.2020 itself has extracted the G.O. dated 21.04.2020 of the Government of Kerala where Government of Kerala was pleased to approve the action plan outlining the Homeopathy Strategies for prevention and management of COVID-19 in Kerala. It is now useful to refer to the G.O. dated 21.04.2020, which has been quoted in the impugned judgment, which is to the following effect:- 
“GOVERNMENT OF KERALA 
Abstract
AYUSH Dept. – COVID-19 – Action Plan outlining the Homeopathy Strategies for Prevention, and Management of COVID-19 in Kerala – Approved – Orders issued.
——————————————
AYUSH(B) DEPARTMENT
G.O.(Rt)No.161/2020/AYUSH
Dated,
Thiruvananthapuram,
21/04/2020 
——————————————————-
Read:- 1. Letter No. DHTVM/2606/2019-P2 dtd. 13.04.2020 of the Director of Homeopathy. 
ORDER 
In the circumstances explained by the Director of Homeopathy vide letter read above, Government are pleased to approve the Action Plan outlining the Homeopathy Strategies for prevention and management of COVID-19 in Kerala as appended to this order.
(By order of the Governor) 
Bhooshan V.,””
Needless to say, it is then laid bare in para 12 that, “Shri Tushar Mehta, learned Solicitor General of India appearing for Ministry of AYUSH, Government of India has submitted that Government of India keeping in view the unprecedented and unforeseen precarious situation caused by COVID-19, the Ministry of AYUSH decided to augment and strengthen the COVID -19 medical response of the country by using the traditional healthcare system of the country, which includes AYUSH Organisation, Homeopathic practices as well as Unani practices. Learned Solicitor General of India has referred to advisory dated 06.03.2020, which covers the field and he has also referred to the guidelines issued by Government of India. Shri Mehta has referred to the affidavit filed on behalf of Ministry of AYUSH. He submits that Homeopathy practitioners are permitted by the Ministry of AYUSH to prescribe medicines as (i) preventive and prophylactic; (ii) symptom management of COVID-19; (iii) add on interventions to the conventional care.”
Truth be told, after considering the submissions of the learned counsel for the parties and having perused the records, the Bench then observes in para 14 that, “The advisory dated 06.03.2020 issued by the Ministry of AYUSH has been relied by the learned counsel for the appellant as well as learned Solicitor General and was also extensively extracted by the High Court in its judgment. The advisory dated 06.03.2020 contains the object of AYUSH systems. It is useful to extract following (relevant of Homeopathic only), which is part of advisory dated 06.03.2020:- 
“i. Preventive and prophylactic: 
xxxxxxxxxxxxxx
Homoeopathy: 
Arsenicum album 30, daily once in empty stomach for three days. The dose should be repeated after one month by following the same schedule till Coronavirus infections prevalent in the community.
In one of the studies Arsenic album as one of the constituents in a formulation affected HT29 cells and human macrophages. Also, it showed SNF-KB hyperactivity (reduced expression of reporter gene GFP in transfected HT29 cells), tTNF-a release in macrophages. More over, Arsenic album is a common prescription in the cases of respiratory infections in day to day practice.
ii. Symptom management of COVID-19 like illnesses 
xxxxxxxxxxxxxx 
Homoeopathy 
Various medicines which found to be effective in treating flu like illness are Arsenicum album, Btyonia alba, Rhus toxico dendron, Belladonna Gelsemium Eupatorium perfoliatum. All these medicines should be taken in consultation with qualified physicians of respective AYUSH systems.
iii. Add on Interventions to the conventional care 
xxxxxxxxxxxxxx
Homoeopathy
Medicine mentioned Symptom management of COVlD-19 like illnesses under subhead Homoeopathy can also be given as add on to conventional care.
All these medicines should be taken in consultation with qualified physicians of respective AYUSH systems.\”
To be sure, the Bench then states in para 15 that, “The above clearly indicate that Ministry of AYUSH specifically permits use of Homeopathy for following three ways:- 
(i) Preventive and prophylactic; 
(ii) Symptom management of COVID-19 like illness; 
(iii) Add on interventions to the conventional care.”
Delving deeper, the Bench then further goes on to state in para 16 that, “We may further notice the specific averments made by Ministry of AYUSH in its affidavit dated 23.11.2020 regarding what is permitted to the Homeopathy Medical Practitioner as per Ministry of AYUSH. Paragraph 16 of the affidavit sworn on behalf of the Ministry of AYUSH is as follows:- 
“16. In addition to the above, it is respectfully reiterated that Ministry of AYUSH has clearly permitted the homeopathic medical practitioners to prescribe the chugs, as mentioned in the guidelines, as an add-on drug to the conventional treatment for patients who have been tested Covid positive and are undergoing conventional treatment. 
Thus in the respectful submission of the answering respondent, prescription of the medication prescribed by the Ministry of AYUSH to Covid positive patients as an add-on treatment is permitted, and therefore, any contention to the contrary stating that homeopathic medical practitioner cannot prescribe any treatment to Covid-19 positive patients, even as an add-on to conventional treatment is liable to be rejected. It is stated that the only embargo is that the said Medicines should not be administered or advertised as a cure but should be administered as preventive measure/immunity booster or as an add-on to the conventional treatment.””
It is worth noting that para 17 then states unambiguously that, “It is clear from the advisory dated 06.03.2020 and the specific stand taken by the Ministry of AYUSH as contained in paragraph 16 extracted above that Homeopathic medical practitioners are not only confined to prescribe Homeopathic medicines only as immunity booster. The following observations in paragraph 13 by the High Court does not correctly comprehend the guidelines dated 06.03.2020:-
“13. ……………………………………When the Central as well as State Governments have approved prescription of certain mixtures and tablets, as immunity boosters, qualified medical practitioners in AYUSH can also prescribe the same, but only as immunity boosters.””
It is also worth paying attention that it is then envisaged in para 18 that, “The High Court in the impugned judgment has emphasised that if any qualified doctor practising AYUSH medicine, makes any advertisement or prescribes any drugs or medicines, as a cure for COVID-19 disease, except as prescribed in letter dated 6.3.2020, it is open to the authorities to take appropriate action under the provisions of the Disaster Management Act, 2005. Insofar as advertisement by Homeopathic practitioners is concerned, i.e., clearly prohibited by the regulations framed in Section 33 read with Section 24 of Homeopathy Central Council Act, 1973 namely the Homeopathic Practitioners (Professional Conduct, Etiquette and Code of Ethics) Regulations, 1982. The Regulation 6 prohibits advertisement for solicitation of patients personally or advertisement in the newspaper by the Homeopathic practitioners. Regulation 6 is to the following effect:- 
“6. (1) Advertising 
Solicitation of patients directly or indirectly by a practitioner of Homoeopathy either personally or by advertisement in the newspapers, by placards or by the distribution of circular cards or handbills is unethical. A practitioner of Homoeopathy shall not make use of, or permit others to make use of, him or his name as a subject of any form or manner of advertising or publicity through lay channels which shall be of such a character as to invite attention to him or to his professional position or skill or as would ordinarily result in his self-aggrandisement provided that a practitioner of Homoeopathy is permitted formal announcement in press about the following matters, namely :- 
(i) the starting of his practice; 
(ii) change of the type of practice; 
(iii) change of address; 
(iv) temporary absence from duty;
(v) resumption of practice;
(vi) succeeding to another\’s practice.
(2) He shall further not advertise himself directly or indirectly through price lists or publicity materials of manufacturing firms or traders with whom he may be connected in any capacity, nor shall he publish cases, operations or letters of thanks from patients in non-professional newspapers or journals provided it shall be permissible for him to publish his name in connection with a prospectus or a director\’s or a technical expert\’s report.” 
To state the ostensible, the Bench then lays bare in para 19 that, “When statutory regulations itself prohibit advertisement, there is no occasion for Homeopathic medical practitioners to advertise that they are competent to cure COVID-19 disease. When the Scientists of entire world are engaged in research to find out proper medicine/vaccine for COVID-19, there is no occasion for making any observation as contained in paragraph 14 with regard to Homeopathic medical practitioners. The homeopathy does not cure the disease, but it cures the patients.”
As a corollary, the Bench then clarifies in para 20 that, “We have already noticed that the writ petition, which was filed in the Kerala High Court only with a limited relief for issuing direction to respondent to implement the advisory dated 06.03.2020 issued by Ministry of AYUSH, there was no occasion for High Court to make observations and issue direction as it has been made in paragraph 14.”
What’s more, the Bench then adds in para 21 that, “We, however, make it clear that what is permissible for Homeopathic medical practitioner in reference to COVID-19 symptomatic and asymptomatic patients is already regulated by the said advisory and guidelines. The Government of India, Ministry of AYUSH has also brought on record the guidelines issued subsequent to 06.03.2020 for Homeopathy medical practitioners for COVID-19, where Homeopathic approach to COVID-19 has been elaborately dealt with. The said guidelines, which has been issued after 04.04.2020 has been brought on the record as Annexure C by the Ministry of AYUSH. The guidelines contained following under the heading “Homeopathic approach”- 
“Homoeopathic Approach
It is advised that before taking up for homoeopathic medicines for prophylaxis, Amelioration and mitigation, physician must acquaint himself of above sections.
In case of epidemics or pandemics, first approach is to follow preventive measures and educate people about general measures and to provide such interventions which will keep their immunity enhanced.
Homeopathy therefore recommends issuing of public notice for Genus epidemics identified by the designated experts for immunity enhancement and practitioners may suggest the same to the people and as per the Advisory issued by Ministry of AYUSH(6).
Second approach is to provide homoeopathic symptomatic mitigation to affected persons. Homoeopathic medicines are also useful in the treatment of communicable diseases like Influenza Like Illness(7) (8), dengue(9), acute encephalitis syndrome(10). Several studies are also published which shows the immune modulatory potential of homoeopathic medicines in preclinical studies (11) (12) (13) (14) (15) (16). These medicines can be prescribed in an integrated manner or standalone depending on the severity on a case to case. 
Therapeutic Aid 
As a system with wholistic approach medicine were selected based on the presenting signs and symptoms of each patients (17) (18) (19) (20). The medicines given here are suggestive based on their use and studies in the past in diseases of similar presentation like COVID-19 (21) (22) (23). Patients of COVID-19 are to be treated with adjuvant Homoeopathic medicines with the permission from local health authorities and Medical Superintendent of the Hospital. Homoeopathic doctors must follow all preventive measures (using PPEs) as are required for dealing with COVID 19 patients.
The remedies according to different stages of disease are given below: 
Mild Disease (Symptomatic Amelioration and Mitigation Approach): 
Medicines like Aconite napellus, Arsenicum album, Bryonia alba, Gelsemium sempervirens, Rhus tox. Eupatorium perfoliatum, Ipecacaucunha, Belladonna, Camphora, may be used depending upon the symptoms similarities.
Severe disease but not in critical condition: 
It is defined by following criteria (Dyspnoea, respiratory frequency ≥ 30/min, blood oxygen saturation (SpO2) ≤ 93%, PaO2/FiO2 ratio 50% within 24 to 48 hours)/) 
Suggested medicines are as adjuvant to Standard Management guidelines in the hospital setting only with the approval of authorities and willingness of the patient/guardian. 
The prescription is to be given only by institutionally qualified practitioner. 
Medicines like Phosphorus, Chelidonium, Veratrum Viride, Iodum, Camphora, Cinchona officinalis, Lycopodium, Ars. iod., Antim ars., Stannum met, Carbo veg., can be prescribed on symptomatic indication.
Posology
The medicine selected for each patient is tailored to person specific, taking into consideration, his/her mental make-up, physical symptoms, and characteristic particulars etc. In case of long term illness, besides the above mentioned factors, age, occupation, previous illnesses and life circumstance unique to that individual irrespective of the disease which he/she is suffering from, are also taken into consideration; thus the dictum “Homoeopathy treats the patient but not the disease”. 
After the appropriate medicine is selected, it is essential to decide the requisite potency, dose and repetition which is imperative for optimum response and faster recovery in each case. Different types of potencies such as decimal or centesimal potencies can be employed for treatment as are required for acute diseases. However, selection of potency of the remedy is dependent on various factors like susceptibility of the patient (high or low), type of disease (acute/chronic), seat/ nature and intensity of the disease, stage and duration of the disease and also the previous treatment of the disease(24).”” 
Of course, what can be inferred by these guidelines is then stated in para 22 that, “The above guidelines make it clear that Homeopathy has been envisaged by the Ministry as the therapeutic aid.”
More significantly, the Bench then holds in para 23 that, “The above guidelines refer to Homeopathy medicines as medicines for prophylaxis, Amelioration and mitigation. The guidelines, however, specifically provides that “the prescription has to be given only by institutionally qualified practitioners”. The High Court in its impugned judgment has not fully comprehended the guidelines dated 06.03.2020 and taking a restricted view of the guidelines and have made observations for taking appropriate actions against the Homeopathic medical practitioners, which cannot be approved. The High Court, however, is right in its observation that no medical practitioner can claim that it can cure COVID-19. There is no such claim in other therapy including allopathy. The High Court is right in observing that no claim for cure can be made in Homeopathy. The Homeopathy is contemplated to be used in preventing and mitigating COVID-19 as is reflected by the advisory and guidelines issued by the Ministry of AYUSH as noticed above.”
Finally and no less significant is what is then observed in para 24 that, “We, thus, observe that directions issued by the High Court in paragraph 14 of the judgment need to be modified to the extent as indicated above. It goes without saying that Homeopathic medical practitioners have to follow the advisory dated 06.03.2020 issued by AYUSH Ministry as well as guidelines for Homeopathic medical practitioners for COVID-19 issued by Government of India, Ministry of AYUSH, as noted above. The Civil Appeal is disposed of accordingly. The interlocutory applications filed seeking permission for impleadment is rejected.”
All told, the Bench of Apex Court thus makes it absolutely clear that homeopathy can be used in preventing and mitigating Covid-19 as per AYUSH Ministry guidelines. We thus see that the Apex Court very rightly modifies the Kerala High Court judgment as already discussed above.
Sanjeev Sirohi, Advocate,
s/o Col BPS Sirohi,
A 82, Defence Enclave,
Sardhana Road, Kankerkhera,
Meerut – 250001, Uttar Pradesh

WHAT IS INDIAN MEDIA DOING?

The purpose of media in a nation is to provide information and knowledge to the people of the country. Media is regarded to be the most reliable means of information for the masses. There is no uncertainty about it that media plays an essential part in broadcasting information and facts, it keeps us informed regarding the happening across the world. The media acts as a link within the residents and the administration of the nation act as a third eye to the government, it draws clarity between the people and the state. News media is the fourth pillar of the democracy, be it a print media or television/ radio its main objective is to spread information with unbiased news without any modification or restriction, because people believe what they know, see and hear from these media platforms and manage to develop views and beliefs based on the data they are perceiving.


Indian media has been known for its reliable and substantial influence on the social, economical and political aspects of the country. In recent years the practice of funded news and increase in TRP has destroyed the faith across the media drastically, and because of this, the biggest victim turns out to be the Indian constitutionalism. The system of exerting money and supports from the corporate houses, politicians, administration, and big organizations, so that the media could show beneficial news concerning them has become a general practice in the press and is ruining the integrity of a journalist. Even if some of the media organizations or reporters want to present the right information to the people, they are always shut by the warning or threatening calls .


From the past two months where Indian TV channels mainly national ones have developed a fascination for one particular section of news – the demise of Bollywood star Sushant Singh Rajput. No matter however trivial or impossible, the Indian news media has left no stone unturned while broadcasting on Rajput’s death while there is other news like continuous rapes in Uttar Pradesh, the aftermath of floods in Assam, Ladakh issues, etc.


Most of the TV-news channels undividedly feed the desires of their political leaders and build the narratives to promote their political publicity. Paid news is dropping moral norms of journalism and day by day, the trust of the people on media platforms is disintegrating. The news commentators sitting on the ease of their AC studios and involving in undesirable discourse upon particular splinter group are accused of the current position of crisis in the nation. The Indian media now bears a severe crisis of reliability. If it does not improve itself, it will find its greatest asset going quickly depreciated and ultimately disappearing. Stripped of authenticity, sincerity, and trustworthiness, the media will desist to value to huge numbers of people lacking as a source of shoddy entertainment. Its high time now and we should stop this inconsistency before it causes more damage to the nation. Simply debar these news channels as we don’t need the help of news channels for biased opinions.

It’s Alzheimer’s Month

Dementia is an umbrella term for several diseases affecting memory, other cognitive abilities, and behavior that interfere significantly with someone’s ability to maintain their activities of daily living. These functions include memory, language skills, visual perception, problem-solving, self-management, and the ability to focus and pay attention. Some people with dementia cannot control their emotions, and their personalities may change. Dementia ranges in severity from the mildest stage, when it is just beginning to affect a person’s functioning, to the most severe stage, when the person must depend completely on others for basic activities of living. Although age is the most known risk factor for dementia, it is not a normal part of aging.

Fifty million people worldwide currently live with dementia, a condition that causes significant psychological burden as well as social and financial distress to those living with it, their carers, and families. There are nearly 10 million new cases every year. Two in three people with dementia live in low- and middle-income countries.

There is often a lack of awareness and understanding of dementia, resulting in stigmatization and barriers to diagnosis and care. The impact of dementia on carers, family, and society at large can be physical, psychological, social, and economical.

There are many different forms of dementia. Alzheimer’s disease is the most common form and may contribute to 60–70% of cases. Other major forms include vascular dementia, dementia with Lewy bodies (abnormal aggregates of protein that develop inside nerve cells), and a group of diseases that contribute to frontotemporal dementia (degeneration of the frontal lobe of the brain). The boundaries between different forms of dementia are indistinct and mixed forms often co-exist.

There is no treatment currently available to cure dementia or to alter its progressive course. Numerous new treatments are being investigated in various stages of clinical trials. The principal goals for dementia care are:

1.Early diagnosis to promote early and optimal management

The early stage of dementia is often overlooked, because the onset is gradual. Common symptoms include: forgetfulness, losing track of the time and becoming lost in familiar places.

2.Optimizing physical health, cognition, activity and well-being

As dementia progresses to the middle stage, the signs and symptoms become clearer and more restricting. These include:

  • becoming forgetful of recent events and people’s names
  • becoming lost at home
  • having increasing difficulty with communication
  • needing help with personal care
  • experiencing behaviour changes, including wandering and repeated questioning.

3.Identifying and treating accompanying physical illness

The late stage of dementia is one of near total dependence and inactivity. Memory disturbances are serious and the physical signs and symptoms become more obvious. Symptoms include:

  • becoming unaware of the time and place
  • having difficulty recognizing relatives and friends
  • having an increasing need for assisted self-care
  • having difficulty walking
  • experiencing behaviour changes that may escalate and include aggression.

4.Detecting and treating challenging behavioural and psychological symptoms

The following are used to temporarily improve dementia symptoms.

  • Cholinesterase inhibitors. These medications — including donepezil (Aricept), rivastigmine (Exelon) and galantamine (Razadyne) — work by boosting levels of a chemical messenger involved in memory and judgment.
  • Side effects can include nausea, vomiting and diarrhea. Other possible side effects include slowed heart rate, fainting and sleep disturbances.
  • Memantine. Memantine (Namenda) works by regulating the activity of glutamate, another chemical messenger involved in brain functions, such as learning and memory. In some cases, memantine is prescribed with a cholinesterase inhibitor.
  • A common side effect of memantine is dizziness.
  • Other medications. Your doctor might prescribe medications to treat other symptoms or conditions, such as depression, sleep disturbances, hallucinations, parkinsonism or agitation.

Several dementia symptoms and behavior problems might be treated initially using non drug approaches, such as:

  • Occupational therapy. An occupational therapist can show you how to make your home safer and teach coping behaviors. The purpose is to prevent accidents, such as falls; manage behavior; and prepare you for the dementia progression.
  • Modifying the environment. Reducing clutter and noise can make it easier for someone with dementia to focus and function. You might need to hide objects that can threaten safety, such as knives and car keys. Monitoring systems can alert you if the person with dementia wanders.
  • Simplifying tasks. Break tasks into easier steps and focus on success, not failure. Structure and routine also help reduce confusion in people with dementia.

5.Providing information and long-term support to carers.

Dementia symptoms and behavior problems will progress over time. Caregivers might try the following suggestions:

· Enhance communication

· Encourage exercise

· Engage in activity

· Establish a nighttime ritual

· Keep a calendar

· Plan for the future

· Learn as much as you can about memory loss and dementia.

World Alzheimer’s Month is the international campaign to raise awareness about dementia. September 2020 will mark the 9th World Alzheimer’s Month.