Water is the precious gift of nature to humankind and millions of other species living on the earth.
Tamil Nadu constitutes 4% of India’s land area and is inhabited by 6% of India’s water resources.More than 95% of the surface water and 80% of the ground water have already been put into use Major uses of water include human/animal consumption, irrigation and industrial use.The state is heavily dependent on monsoon rains.The annual average rainfall is around 930mm(47% during the northeast monsoon.35% during the southwest monsoon.14% in summer and 4% in winter).
Multipurpose River Valley projects are basically designed for the development of irrigation for agriculture and hydropower generation.However ,they are used for many other purposes as well.
Mettur Dam
The Mettur Dam was constructed in a gorge ,where river cauvery enters the plains.It is one of the oldest dam in India .It provides irrigation to Salem,Erode ,Karur, Tiruchirappalli, Thanjavur,Tiruvarur and Nagapattinam districts for about 2,71,000 acres of farmland.The dam,Park,major Hydroelectric power stations and hills on all sides make this dam an important tourist spot.
Bhavani Sagar Dam
The Bhavani Sagar Dam is located 80km away from Coimbatore city in the district of Erode.It has been constructed across the river Bhavani.This dam is one of the biggest earthen dams in the country.
Amaravathi Dam
The Amaravathi dam is situated 25km away from Udumalpet in Tirupur district.The dam has been constructed across the river Amaravathi,a tributary of Cauvery.The dam was built primarily for irrigation and flood control.A small hydropower station has also been installed recently.This reservoir is notable for the significant population of mugger Crocodiles.It is also a familiar tourist spot.
Krishnagiri Dam
Krishnagiri dam is situated at a distance of 7km from Krishnagiri towards Dharmapuri.This dam drains an area of 5428 sq.km.This is a famous tourist spot too.This dam is flooded with tourists during the weekends.
Sathanur Dam
Sathanur Dam was constructed across the river Thenpennai in Chengam taluk.It is in the midst of Chennakesava hills.The water -holding capacity of the dam is 7321 million cubic feet(full level:119 feet).About 7183 hectares of land is drained by the left bank canal and 905 hectares by the right bank canal of this dam.It irrigates the land in Thandrampet and Tiruvannamalai blocks.There is also a large crocodile farm and a fish grotto.Parks are maintained inside the dam for tourists and the gardens are used by the film industry.
Mullaperiyar Dam
Mullaperiyar dam was built by the British administration in 1895.It has been constructed on the Periyar river,which originates from Thekkady hills of Kerala.The dam was built mainly for watering the farming land of Tamilnadu ,which is perennially drought-prone.Though the dam is located in the state of Kerala,most of its water is used to irrigate Tamil Nadu.The dam is 175feet in height and 1200 feet.
Construction of Mullaiperiyar Dam
Vaigai Dam
This dam bulit across the river vaigai nera Andipatti.The dam with a height of 111 feet can store water up to 71 feet.It is located 7km from Andipatti and 70km from Madurai.This dam has a unique garden that deserves the surname ‘Little Brindavan’.It is a popular picnic spot in Theni district.
Manimuthar Dam
Manimuthar Dam is located about 47km from Tirunelveli.The gorgeous garden of the dam is located about 5km from the dam and is accessible boating and waterfalls are additional tourist attractions near the dam.
The Papanasam Dam
It is also known as karaiyar dam and is located about 49km away from Tirunelveli.The dam is used to irrigate 34,861 hectares of land in Tirunelveli and Thoothukudi districts.It generates 28MW of hydro power.
Parampikulam Aliyar project
It is a joint venture of Tamil Nadu and Kerala states.It envisages the construction of seven interconnected reservoirs by harnessing the water of seven rivers,which include major rivers of parambikulam and Aliyar.Parappalar project is located nera Ottanchatram.Its stroage capacity is 167 million cubic feet of water.It is about 75km from Madurai and is in Palani taluk.
Surface water Resources
The total surface water potential of the state is about 24,864 mcm.(million cubic metre).There are 17 major river basins in the state with 81 reservoirs and about 41,262 tanks.Most of the surface water ha already been tapped, primarily for irrigation, where water use is largest.An area of 24 lakh hectraes of the land are irrigated by surface water though major,medium an minor schemes.
Ground water Resources
The utilizable groundwater resource of the state is 22,423 mcm.The current level of utilization of water is about 13,558 mcm which is about 60 percent of the available recharge,while about 8875mcm(40 percent)is the balance available for use.
Water Resource Management
Water resource management is the activity of planning,developing,distributing and managing the optimum use of water resources.The demand for water in Tamil Nadu is increasing at a fast rate both due to increasing population and also due to larger per capita needs triggered by economic growth.The per capita availability of water resources is just 900 cubic metres when compared to the nationl average of 2,200 cubic metres.Agriculture is the largest consumer of water in the state using 75% of the state’s water resources.Demands from other sectors such a domestic and industries have been growing significantly.The state is heavily dependent on monsoon rains.Dince the state is entirely dependent on rains for recharging its water resources,monsoon failures lead to acute water scarcity and severe droughts .So,it is important to save water for us and the future generation.
“Excellent customer service is the number one job in any company. It is the personality of the company and the reason customers come back. Without customers there is no company.”
Connie Elder
An exciting endeavor is to have your own business and company. At first, you start with its services all alone. When you grow gradually, you employ staff to help you out. A company receives its prestige with the amount of staff in it because people usually estimate a company to be ‘big’ because of the amount of people working in it and also because of its quality services that attract a plethora of customers! The amount of people working in it signifies the economic condition of the company which acts as a step towards effective branding! However, this doesn’t imply employing all types of unskilled labor just for showing off your prosperity! Of course, you require skilled individuals to inflate the balloon of prosperity because they would be representing your company. You don’t want a bad impression of your company and its services because of certain amateur employees who would make you lose even your ‘family customers’. When I refer to family customers, I pinpoint towards the regular ones who never fail to pay us a visit and always prefer our brand over the other!
Creating such regular customers requires a great deal of time and patience because you are expected to reach the core of their hearts and win their trust. How will this happen? Surely, by establishing friendly relations with them, solving their queries patiently, providing them the best quality services, interacting with them, being available at all times, and offering to solve their difficulties while using your product or service.
What if I tell you that these qualities could be assigned in a single person who could take this position and help you set things straight? Yes, you guessed it right. The Customer Service is a great initiative to establish and maintain all of the above qualities of your company. The goal of any company is to create convenience for customers. Customer Service is the greatest convenience you could ever offer because the genuineness of your company isn’t under threat and people feel free to interact in a friendly manner conditioned to the personality and skill of your customer service!
If your company isn’t prospering despite having this service then ask yourself and provide a Yes or No answer to the below questions to arrive upon a conclusion!
Is your customer service timely?
Is your customer service friendly?
Is your customer service patient when dealing with consumer problems?
Is your customer service an extrovert with bold orating skills?
Is your customer service having a high pitched and audible conversational tone?
Is your customer service fluent in formal talk and good in vocabulary?
If the answer to all of these is a big Yes, then you are currently on the safe side but if, even one of the questions has No as an answer then expectation of heavy gains from the company must be deflated! A customer service needs to have all of the above qualities to ensure success, reputation, brand, and image of your company in the market!
Let’s consider our own experience. Vodafone would be a good example to go on with.
Imagine that company without a customer service. Would you ever go for their services? Whenever we have network issues or balance issues, we instantly phone the customer service for help and they update us regarding their recent development due to which perhaps the issue has occurred. Now, what if there was no customer service? We lose our internet connectivity suddenly for hours together and have nobody to confront to regarding the same! We feel helpless and impatient without internet because the world can’t survive without it today. We have nobody to ask regarding this and after encountering such issues several times and with no possible interaction, we decide to leave the company and its service once and for all!
So, that’s the beauty of Customer Service. They help maintain good interaction with the consumers which is so very essential when handling a company! Customer Service acts as a mediator or a link between the head (CEO) and consumers. They have the authority to speak on behalf of the head or CEO and transfer calls to the CEO for the consumers, if needed!
That eases some of your burden as a boss, doesn’t it? After all, a boss has several other affairs to look after, like trimming and shaping the services of the company in accordance to the desires of consumers through online surveys for which mailing lists are vital. That too comes with its own hefty steps. Creating a website and providing a follow button while allowing people to jot in their addresses or creating surveys with mailing facility at the end while enquiring regarding the problems of consumers. Since, digital marketing is so great in demand today, one can’t possibly ignore these pivotal steps in the process and compromise with the reputation and smooth functioning of one’s company!
That should explain the Importance of Customer Service as a whole. So, if you are the CEO, work on the services that you offer while your Customer Service responsibly blurts those services out to your consumers while maintaining effective interaction! Unity is strength, isn’t it?
However though some of the answers to what customer service means to you are subtly a part of that long paragraph above, let me provide a brief list of answer samples that could help nail your interview!
Amazing Customer Service is like receiving an additional dollar from your parents as a gift or that extra icing on your favourite cake! Good customer service makes the customer enthralled with your honey dipped marketing as they start feeling sweetness being overloaded!
With Impeccable Customer Service, you are one step away from evangelism marketing.
Customer Service is the art of effectively persuading the customer into always preferring you over the others. That’s exactly why, the first impression of your customer service would decide the return of your customers in the future!
Customer Service is like holding a magic wand and pulling the customers in a state of trance so that they are completely convinced of being your regular or family customers!
Great Customer Service is associated with the feelings of gigantic loyalty and ethics inclined towards your job and clients! Thus, customer service is an ethical mannerism of mesmerizing your customers!
Customer Service is considering your clients as guests and paying them hospitality in the most respectful manner as possible.
Customer Service is actually like coining customer rights and accepting fundamental customer service duties oneself wherein customers’ rights and your duties can’t be violated!
Customer Service is like laying out your resume during an interview wherein constant frustration and nervousness prevails pondering over whether or not our work will be approved.
Customer Service is like giving a competitive examination wherein your answers would determine your marks.
Customer Service needs to be relevant and interesting. Thus, it is the medium of customer satisfaction wherein you don’t fail to reveal the additional perks your customers are exposed to!
Ever seen the advertisement of Oreo cookies being dipped in milk? The ancillary concept of a glass of milk is that efficient customer service which compels and tempts the mob to definitely try the cookie out!
It isn’t necessary to appoint extra staff for customer service because the owner is enough to introduce his services or products in a creative manner so as to indirectly highlight the benefits and the reason for customers to always grace his arena of the ‘best available products’.
Customer Service is like getting your customers ride the giant wheel of words so as to help them enjoy the amusement park of your business to their fullest!
Customer Service is gently abutting the customer’s heart through cupid arrows of words thereby making them fall for your services.
A service that shows a complete disclaimer of the quality of your brand or business. It’s the major factor in helping customers decide whether or not, you are worth their expenses!
Customer Service is like that short trailer which effectively covers the interesting parts of your business in order to bond and attract customers towards checking your business out entirely. Of course, if the trailer is amazing one can naturally assume the movie to ace the theatres!
Customer Service is like dropping before the customer, a transparent veil that only allows partial vision with regards to mellow and patient wordings!
Customer Service is making people blindly trust your commodities so that no finger be pointed at the quality or making of your products and services! Humans have a myopic vision with respect to shopping which makes them easily trust the value of a commodity if a dozen sweet words are shot at them which is why, customer service comes in handy, making it simpler to generate a surplus.
Customer Service can be compared to the clouds wherein fluffy and picturesque words float about the vast sky of your business to make it look genuine and impressive.
Customer Service is a term coined for genuine, honest, patient, committed, devoted, and determined approach towards your business and clients. In short, the collection of perfect ethical behavior is a simple way to win your customers’ heart because the quality of your services is solely based on the characteristics and attributes you exhibit.
Every one of us loves a wee bit of flattering and advice. Customer service does this job. However, along with a few flattering remarks customers also require help with selecting the most suitable product or service according to their personality and budget. During times as such, customer service comes to the rescue wherein we, as businessmen patiently advise customers to opt for the right commodity on the basis of their need.
Customer Service is like accepting a little amount of your favourite creamy cake and offering a whole lot to the customer to create a grand impression in their hearts!
Customers are satisfied when you are with your duties. Thus, customer service is understanding that your job is to impress a hell lot of customers through your sweet words no matter how many attempts of profits fail initially!
Customers come out of the blue. Customer Service is like military training wherein one has to constantly remain alerted of the next approaching client as well as prepare oneself for the most satisfactory interaction every single time.
Considering the word Customer Service closely, one can figure that it actually is a service which means treating every customer equally without any bias or enmity and composing truthful and honest words from which you vow to never back off!
Thus, I would conclude stating that customer service is a highly dignified job wherein each and every customer is given careful attention thereby not disappointing them. The better your service, the more customer satisfaction can be guaranteed, and the better surplus can that particular company experience. Customer service thus, is that quintessential morality that you exhibit in order to win the hearts of your clients who would in turn fetch you potential customers with their precious feedback. Of course, one shouldn’t request customers to recommend their business to others. Why not leave a lasting impression with the quality of your services instead so that good feedbacks automatically drop from their mouths? In short, customer service focusses on the quality aspect, the way you interact and not the amount of words you chose to interact. The perfect marketing skills that you used in an ethical manner and not the incessant blabbering simply praising the product. Why not from now on, focus more on the quality aspect of our services rather than trying to thrust our commodities at a rapid pace without even trying to fine tune our services to emanate customer satisfaction? So, let us work with love and show the same to our customers so that they definitely feel the need to revert.
No doubt that everyone wants to remain fit and healthy . Food and nutrition play a very vital role in our growth and development . These are helpful for maintaining good health . The requirement of nutrition is essential for every individual but it is indispensable for the individuals who actively participate in games and sports . With the help of appropriate nutrition , sportsperson can enhance their performance . Even some supplements are also required to provide proper nutrition to sportsperson.
Meaning of a Balance Diet
A balanced diet refers to the intake of edibles which can provide all the essential food constituents necessary for growth and maintenance of the body , in definite amount in which they are required by the body .A balanced diet means eating the right amount of foods from all food groups .
“A diet which consists of all the essential food constituents , viz., protiens , carbohydrates , fats , vitamins , minerals and water in correct proportion is called a balanced diet.”
In other words , ” Balanced diet is that diet which contains of various constituents of food in accurate and appropriate quantity and quality according to the requirement of an individual .”
In fact , every individual does not require same type of diet . The diet differs from individual to individual . The following points sum up a balanced diet .
A balanced diet must contain all the essential constituents in adequate amount
There must be definite proportion between the different constituents of food .
The food should be easily digestible .
Cooking of food is necessary because it sterilizes foodstuff and makes it palatable and easily digestible.
I had chosen to write about Dr. Majid Rafizadeh’s phenomenal novel ‘ A God Who Hates Women’. It is a beautiful yet tragically moving story of a women caught in a patriarchal household. It takes us back to the times when women were seen as commodities sold off in markets. Choice was a word that women could not even imagine. The story highlights the life of the authors mother, how she lived through oppression. This story forms around the background of a civil war. The novels throw light on the cruelties faced by women in a patriarchal society. The story begins with a short background of how the authors grandmother was born. It later shows the birth of the authors mother which turned out to be a disgrace for her own mother, since she expected a baby boy. The story continues with the atrocities faced by his mother at her own home and how she was forcefully married to a man who abused her at all chances he got. The irony of which the book talks about is the cruel side of patriarchy, how women carry it down more than men.
The name of the book also seems to bring out the story, about how the religion and its god were cruel to women. The people of the religion went to extreme ends to make sure that the rules of the religion are followed, sometimes inhumane practices were also used.
Religion and politics were not treated as two different entities by the people of Syria, Iran and Iraq. They had held religion so much close to their heart, that it was even involved in their politics. Political decisions were made in the name of god. People were abused in inhumane ways in the name of religion. It shows quite a different side of how far our modernity and education has not evolved in countries like these. Citizens of the nations could never really trust one leader to be liberated from his religious entity, each leader had their own approach to religion and people were forced to select someone who was less cruel than the other. The question of a good and humane leader was out of choice.
The book is set in the backdrop of a series of political tension in Syria and Iran. The author and his family have moved from Syria to Iran a couple of times and the book shows the difference in the culture in both the countries vividly. The book shows how much political leaders are influenced by religion and how they kill people cruelly who goes against them, the authors father was one such victim. Maybe the author might have also got the influence from his father, but in a much better way. The author was the founder of an organization on human rights which reported cases of human cruelty. The authors father has a very interesting character, he on one side focuses on how modern our thinking should be in various aspects of life except in the equal treatment of womenas he had always abused his wife. His character was rather paradoxical.
But one of the most important things that the book has left out is that it hasn’t brought into consideration the larger issues faced by the people. The author has merely had an interview with the close members of his family and friends. And so, we cannot really say that the book speaks about the whole of Syria. After certain parts of time in the book, it fails to show the feelings of Amira, the authors mother. How she felt about religion, her passion and how she lied to herself to live for her children. The authors life has been glossed over for most parts and it talks in the perspective of the author while the book was about his mother.
The major concept the book focuses is on the patriarchy and how it has broken down the women of the household. Book spoke about how women were cut off from the world of pleasure and desire, forced into submission. Another novel aspect of the book is that it also talks about men abusing younger boys. Young boys were raped by elderly men in the remote areas of Iran
The book is set in a time when abuse was seen very common. People dominated over the weaker ones and religion was to be respected and those who don’t respect religion were also abused too. It is set in a completely different timeline with reference to religion or equality between men and women. But we cannot completely say that patriarchy has been wiped out from our modern-day world. Across the timelines we had only grown one step closer to lower its impact on the people.
We might live in a secular world today but that does not mean that each and everyone among us are cosmopolitans in nature. But one thing that has drastically changed is the number of people who believes that women are to be respected and given equal rights as men. They believe that Women must not only be seen as homemakers but also as potential doctors, engineers, civil servants and all the more. This change in perspective had given rise to many feminist movements across the world. There are almost 3 waves of feminism, where each wave concentrated on the various aspects of a women’s lifestyle. The world we live in as become so much more complicated with the passage of time; one person is not solely now identified with his/her religious aspects but with things they would want to relate too. Identities matter a lot in the world we live in, these identities connect us with similar people so to share the same feelings and aspirations.
Something that we can always find common in all the stories we hear are the sufferings of women and not men, why was women just seen as fragile and homemakers? The ones that needed to stay at home and look after the children? Weren’t we equal beings with different biological systems? Why wasn’t marital rape unlawful in countries across the world? Why were people so focused on their religious identities? Why didn’t time make a difference in the modernization of the Asian countries? These were a few of the questions which kept disturbing my mind. I hope one day comes where women will be as free as men. A world where we all are equals.
Shyama Prasad Mukherjee is an example of great leadership and political milestone. He was the independent India’s first Minister of Industry and Supply and founder of Bharatiya Jana Sangh. Shyama Prasad was a qualified barrister and was passionate about education.
Shyama Prasad Mukherjee was born in a Bengali family on July 6 in 1901. His father Ashutosh Mukherjee was a judge of the Calcutta High Court. He started his initial education in Bhawanipur’s Mitra Institution in 1906. He passed his matriculation exam and was admitted to Presidency College. He stood seventeenth in the Inter-Arts Examination in 1916 and graduated in English, securing the first position in first class in 1921. He lost his father in 1924, the same year he enrolled as an advocate in Calcutta High Court.
At the age of 33, Shyama Prasad Mukherjee became the youngest vice-chancellor of Calcutta University in 1934. During Mukherjee’s term as Vice-Chancellor, Rabindranath Tagore delivered the university convocation address in Bengali for the first time, and the Indian vernacular was introduced as a subject for the highest examination.
He would have preferred to spend a lifetime in the hallowed portal of goddess Saraswati. However, the perilous political situation in undivided Bengal in the late 1930s compelled him to pursue active politics. Over the ensuing 14 years, he came to occupy an important place in national politics, wrote the Vice-President of India M Venkaiah Naidu in The Pioneer.
Mukherjee demanded the partition of Bengal in 1946 to prevent the inclusion of its Hindu-majority areas in a Muslim-dominated East Pakistan. A meeting held by the Mahasabha on April 15, 1947, in Tarakeshwar, authorised him to take steps for ensuring partition of Bengal. In May 1947, Shyama Prasad Mukherjee wrote a letter to Lord Mountbatten telling him that Bengal must be partitioned even if India was not. He also opposed a failed bid for a united but independent Bengal made in 1947 by Sarat Bose, the brother of Subhas Chandra Bose, and Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy, a Bengali Muslim politician. It was a great move of Shyama Prasadji because of his anticipation, lives of many bangali Hindus were saved and Bengal became a inseparable part of our India.
After he left the Indian National Congress due to difference of opinion with the then-Prime Minister Dr Jawaharlal Nehru on Jammu and Kashmir issues, he co- founded Janata Party in the year 1977-1979, which later on became the Bharatiya Janata Party.
Shyama Prasad Mukherjee founded Bharatiya Jana Sangh that later became the BJP. The political Right has been opposing Article 370 since the Jan Sangh days. Shyama Prasad Mukherjee, who was known to be a harsh critic of the Congress party in independent India, was against Article 370 and had expressed his displeasure at special status for J&K.
Shyama Prasad Mukherjee questioned why Jammu and Kashmir was kept out of the President’s jurisdiction and why the Congress agreed to a need for special permit to enter J&K. He also questioned why J&K has a ‘sadar-e-riyasat’ instead of governors and a prime minister instead of chief ministers like other states.
After J&K’s merger into Indian Union was passed, a slogan was coined, “Ek desh mein do Vidhan, do Pradhan aur do Nishan nahi chalenge
India had been at war with Pakistan over Jammu and Kashmir and while there was a ceasefire, the conditions were still “unusual and abnormal. Part of the erstwhile state’s territory was still in the hands of “rebels and enemies.
One could not enter Jammu and Kashmir without an official permit. In order to protest and build national awareness for J&K’s complete integration, Shyama Prasad Mukherjee, along with Atal Bihari Vajpayee, travelled across the country and entered J&K on 11 May, 1953, without any permit.
Mukherjee was arrested there by the J&K Police. Shyama Prasad Mukherjee died after 40 days of being arrested by the Jammu and Kashmir State police for entering the state without permit. He passed away in jail under mysterious circumstances.
With Union Home Minister Amit Shah’s announcement in Parliament to revoke Article 370 that gives special status to Jammu and Kashmir, the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) has finally realised the dream of its founder Shyama Prasad Mukherjee. By scrapping Article 370, BJP has fulfilled its founder’s dreams.
CRSPR-Cas9 technology is a famous gene editing technique. This technology is used to cut the target DNA at a specific site and after that the gene can be left totally destroyed or can be altered because of the body’s natural repair mechanism. Because, The repair mechanism is prone to errors and may induce mutations or alter the genome.
The basis of this technology resides in the bacterial Immunity. Bacterias get infected by the phages. And the phage DNA gets fused to the bacterial genome as natural process. If the bacteria survives the attack, the fused genome forms CRISPR or clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats. Transcription will produce CRISPR-RNA which can bind to the phage genome because it is complementary to that. Cas9 is a protein type called nuclease which has the capacity to cleave the nucleotide strand, that is DNA and also can be easily programmed to bind to any target sequence. The combination of CRISPR-RNA and cas9 act as a certain type of memory which helps the bacteria to kill the phage if it attacks again. The CRISPR-RNA binds to the phage genome, and the cas9 cuts it, making sure that the phage will be destroyed.
The same procedure is used to edit the genomes of other species. The procedure of CRISPR-Cas9 first involves the production of CRISPR-RNA which is complementary to the target site. The combination of the CRISPR-RNA and cas9 protein is introduced into the cell. Both cas9 and CRISPR-RNA are programmed to bind to the target site. Once the RNA binds to the target site, the Cas9 protein gets activated. Now, there are sites on the genome called PAM sites. Cas9 protein cleaves DNA at this specific PAM sites on both the strands. Now bodies natural repair mechanism tries to repair the cleaved site. During this process some mutations can happen or alteration in the genome can happen. This alteration may result in the deactivation of the entire gene, or changes in the products of that gene.
Not only gene editing, CRISPR-Cas9 can also be used to do selective transcription where only selected part of the gene is transcribed. It can also be used to inhibit the same. This technique can also be used to marking or live imaging of the target gene. All these can be done by just deactivating the cas9 protein.
disease control with crispr technology
This technology can be used to treat cancer by modifying the immune T cells of the patient.
It can also be used to treat beta-thalassemia, a blood disorder by editing the bone marrow cells of the patient to produce hemoglobin.
It can also be used to treat blindness by editing a single gene causing the problem.
It can also be used to treat cystic fibrosis by treating the CFTR genes.
crispr gene editing in space
NASA astronauts have performed first in space CRISPR gene editing, They used this technology to modify the yeast genome as if it mimics the damage caused by the radiation. This will help to study the damages to human body in space and the ways to prevent them. The idea is first proposed by students named David Li, Arthi vijaykumar, Rebecca Li and Michelle Sung in Genes in space contest. Christiana Koch and Nick Hauge carried out this experiment.
Colourism entered the Indian society through British rule. The British people would often prefer light skin Indians as candidates for important roles. Even the European or the Mughals were relatively light-skinned people. This made Indians start looking at light skin as a sign of superiority.
Even today the obsession with white skin tone continues. A lot of girls from a young age have to go through things like:
“you should apply turmeric and saffron paste to make your skin fair”
“you should do a particular type of wax which removes tan”
“he married her despite her being dark”
“you should use light skin makeup to look fair”
Well, these are a few of the thousands of sentences that a person with dark skin goes through. Growing up sentences like these make the person feel insecure about their colour. Nobody is born with insecurities; a child will never differentiate between a skin tone. It’s the people around us that make us like a particular skin tone.
The media never fails to make money out of the beliefs of people. People consider white skin good, so they decided to bring products like fair & lovely. There are so many more products and creams which say things like natural fairness, or natural white to attract consumers. Many young men and women use these products daily. What they don’t realise is that these products contain bleach, steroids, and other harmful ingredients that lead to skin cancer and liver damage in the long term.
After #blacklivesmatter, products like fair and lovely were trolled so they decided to change the name into glow & lovely. But it is still the same product that was built to support light skin.
A lot of other brands also did initiatives like Johnson & Johnson stopped their line of skin lightening products. They also told how they will include all shades of skin colour in their band-aids.
Changing the name of the product doesn’t mean that people won’t buy it and use it as a fairness cream. But, let’s still appreciate the little changes the multinational companies made. But, there is still a long way to go.
Another thing you must have noticed is the matrimonial ads in your newspaper. If I got money every time I saw the word “fair” I would be a billionaire.
What people fail to understand is that our skin tone depends on the geographic conditions, that is how exposed we are to direct sunlight. In places that are sun-soaked people have a dark skin tone. This is because their skin is rich in the pigment melanin. Melanin creates a shield from the radiation of the sun.
This is why when light-skinned people visit places with a lot of sunlight they experience sunburn because they don’t have enough melanin to protect them from the sun.
Our skin colour solely depends on how far we are from the equator. So, I don’t really understand why light-skinned people are given superiority when clearly this isn’t something we can control. Our skins are built of a certain tone to protect us from the environment we live in.
Next time if someone around you shames you or anyone for their skin colour make sure to correct them scientifically and also tell them how much money white people spend on tanning regularly. White people tan for hours, buy lotions, get spray tans to get the colour that we have. I am not stating this to hate on them, I just want to point out how they spend money on tanning while we bleach out our tan.
🌟He appoints the Prime Minister and the other members of the Council of Ministers, distributing portfolios to them on the advice of the Prime Minister. 🌟The appointment of Governors of the States, the Chief Justice and other Judge of the Supreme Court and high Courts,the attorney General,the Comptroller and Auditor General, the Chief Election Commissioner and other Election Commissioners the Chairman and other Members of the Union Public Service Commission Ambassadors and high Commissioners to other countries. 🌟He is the Supreme commander of the defense force of India,in this capacity the president appoint Army,Navy,and Air chiefs.
Legislative Powers :
🌟He inaugurates the session of the parliament in addressing it after the General election and also at the beginning of the first session each year. 🌟All bills passed by the Parliament become “Laws of Acts” only after getting assent of the President. 🌟Money bills cannot be introduced in the parliament without his approval. President terminates the sessions of both or any of the House of Parliament. He can even dissolve the Lok Sabha before the expiry of the term of the House. 🌟He nominates 12 persons to the Rajya Sabha and two persons belonging to Anglo – Indian Community.
Financial Powers:
🌟Money bill can be introduced in the Parliament only with his prior recommendation. 🌟The annual Budget of the is presented before the Lok Sabha only with the permission of the President.
🌟He can make advances out of the contingency fund of India to meet any unexpected expenditure. 🌟He constitutes a finance commission after every five years to recommend the distribution of revenue between the centre and the State .
Judicial Powers:
🌟Article 72 confers on the President Powers to grant pardons,replies,respite or the sentence of any person convicted of an offence. 🌟The President is not answerable to any court of law for excercise of his/her power.
Military Powers:
🌟Article 53(2) lays down that “the Supreme commander of the Defense Force ofv5he Union shall be vested in the President and the excercise thereof shall be regulated by law “. 🌟The President is thus declared to be the Supreme Commander of the defense Force of the country.
Diplomatic Powers:
🌟The President appoints Indian diplomats to other countries and receives foreign diplomats posted to India. 🌟The ambassador designate becomes ambassador after calling on the President and presenting his credentials.
Emergency Powers:
🌟The President has been empowered by 5he Constitution to proclaim Emergency. 🌟Article 352 confres power on the President to make a proclamation of Emergency on the grounds of war ,external aggression,or armed rebellion. This is known as National Emergency.
🌟Article 356 confres power on the President to make a proclamation of State Emergency by declaring that the Government in a state cannot be run on in accordance of the provisions of the Constitution. 🌟Under Article 360, the President is vested with the power to proclaim Financial Emergency, if he is satisfied that the financial stability or,the credit of India or any part of India is threatened, by any reason.
“Why don’t we have a little game? Let’s pretend that we’re human beings, and that we’re actually alive.”
John Osborne
Look Back in Anger is a realist play written by John Osborne and Published in the year 1956. Set in an economy that has been diminished by the war, it follows the story of a young couple Jimmy and Alison Porter. Being from two different social classes, Jimmy being a working- class man and Alison being an upper-class, the two have trouble navigating through the class conflict present between themselves. The play focuses largely on Jimmy’s anger against the upper-class and particularly the upper-class women.
During the time of the play’s production, The Women’s Movement had already started taking shape in Britain and hence can be read as a reaction against the growing feminist movement of the time. It is evident from the play that Jimmy hates women and has strong misogynistic views. He blames women for his lack of power and impotence even though there is no coherent logic behind that argument. His wife Alison is the main victim of his hatred. Through her, he takes out all his anger against the establishments, the upper-class, Alison’s family and all women in general. His marriage to her was in itself a statement of rebellion against the bourgeoise and he himself states that ‘he took her hostage’. His motive for the marriage was never love and it was simply his need to assert his working-class masculinity over her.
“A refined sort of butcher, a woman is.”
-John Osborne
Where Alison is an aristocrat in terms of her class status, Jimmy is an aristocrat in terms of his gender identity and the only way he can get his anger and frustration against the bourgeoise out is by sexually mastering the upper-class women. He exploits his aristocracy as a male to compensate for his lack of status in terms of class, and he translates his class hatred into a sexual hatred. Here, Femininity is associated with the upper class and masculinity to that of the lower class and this act of attributing characteristics of gender to the classes is seen throughout the play. Despite being immensely flawed himself, Jimmy’s standards for women are highly unrealistic and he needs women only for his own selfish reasons. While Alison suffers to make their relationship work, Jimmy simply complains and puts a strain on them. He contradicts himself when he lashes out against Alison for being too silent but at the same time, he complains that she is like a python that is out to devour him whole with reference to her sexual aggression. The only two women that Jimmy seems to respect are Madeline (His ex-lover) and Mrs. Tanner (A working-class woman who helped him set up his sweet shop). He holds her as an ideal working-class woman as opposed to his own and Alison’s mother who are upper-class.
Although the driving force of the story is Jimmy’s anger, both Helena and Alison have made choices of their own to leave him. Even Alison who acts like a passive pushover has had her own choices and decisions in life. It was her choice to rebel against her parents and to marry Jimmy and leave her upper-class status, it was her choice to leave him and it was also her choice to come back to him in the final scene. Even when Jimmy calls her ‘Lady Pusillanimous’, she chooses to be silent so as to not give him the satisfaction of eliciting a reaction from her. Being silent is actually her way of retaliating against his dominance. On the other hand, Helena is one of the characters who is more expressively strong and feministic. She is unfazed by his threats and slaps him which shatters his façade and brings out his vulnerability. • Even when Alison chose to come back to Jimmy, Helena is unwilling to confirm to his demanding views on what a woman should be and boldly walks out on him because she is determined that she doesn’t want to go through pain and suffering just to be with him.
Look Back in Anger is thus riddled with undaunting and scathing misogyny and sexism. Although Osborne denied any anti-feministic overtones, we see that there’s an erasure of women I the male dominated dynamic in the play.
Failure a seven-letter word that has travel seven continents of the world. Failure comes across in every person’s life. In life failure is inevitable and everybody should taste failure because it teaches you the importance of everything that made you fail. Like for if you had invested money in some stock market and it failed then it teaches you the value of money, the same goes when you failed to pass an exam it teaches you the importance of time when you fail in your relationship it teaches you the value of the person you were with and the list can go on and on because failure can come even when a baby falls when he tries to stand for the first time to a startup by a young entrepreneur which fails and everyone in life has a different meaning of failure/ has a different meaning of failure in life and no one can tell you what’s failure to you and them because it’s different for everybody.
A person who has never failed in life is a real failure. Everyone thinks heroes are those who win but I feel heroes are those who have lost because they only know the real value of the win. This goes the same in the life one cannot get successful without getting failure. Failure is a part of success and also leads you to success.
Failing in anything makes you a loser in the eyes of the world. Society judges you only on your outcome. It’s like the stigma that one cannot fail in something but that’s not true everyone fails in any of the ways in life at a certain point. Rather than getting failure in something people are more concerned about what if I failed and what would people say about it and this makes you the real failure. Rather than demotivating or making fun of someone’s failure, we should help them to overcome it.
On the other hand, telling someone to never give up is terrible advice. Successful people give up all the time. If something is not working, smart people don’t repeat it endlessly. They revise. They adjust. They pivot. They quit. As the saying goes, “Insanity is doing the same thing over and over again and expecting different results.”
Success vs failure is only decided when you lose the persistence and determination to keep trying. Circumstances can only specify the amount of time and effort which it will take to achieve your goal and perhaps there are some goals you will never achieve in your life but your attempts and experience you got from it will help you in living your life.
Failure teaches you to be ready for similar situations that come in the future making you better than before. It makes you learn through the experience of a situation so that you will not fail the next time when you are in a similar situation. Failure makes you a wise person. It helps you to make wise and careful decisions about important aspects of your life so that you will not commit the same mistake twice.
So, failure is not just about not working hard or not giving your 100% percent, or not putting in the extra effort. You should also realize that it is about the decisions you take and the choices you make. It is about the responsibilities and the things you believe in.
Theword ‘personality’ is derived from the Latin word ‘Persona’, which means ‘mask’ . A mask was worn by various actors in dramas in those days of ancient Greek civilization. Personality usually means that an individual is much more than his outer appearance . Personality is a dynamic and organized set of characteristics possessed by a person that influence his/her cognitions, emotions, motivations and behaviors in various situations. Personality also refers to the patterns of thoughts, feelings, social adjustments and behaviors persistently exhibited over time that strongly influences one’s expectations . self-perceptions, attitudes and values . Till now there is no universal consensus on the definition of personality in psychology . However, the following definitions can be beneficial for us to understand the clear cut meaning of personality.
According to Munn, ”Personality is the most characteristic integration of an individual’s structures, modes of interest, attitudes, behaviors, capacitis, abilities and aptitudes.”
According to Morton Prince, ”Personality is the sum total of all the biological innate dispositions, impulses, tendencies, appetities and instincts of the individual and the disposition and tendencies acquired by experience,”
According to Allport ,”personality is the dynamic organization of those psychophysical systems that determine an individual’s adjustment to his environment.”
According to MC Dougall, ”Personality is a synthetic unity of all mental and physical functions in their intimate interplay”
According to Burgess, ”Personality is the integration of all habits which determines the role and status of the person in society,”
According to Freeman, ”Personality is the integrated organization of all cognitive, conative, affective and physical characteristics that impose on individual and his uniqueness”.
According to Warren , “Personality is the entire organization of a human being at any stage of his development”.
As a matter of fact , all the above mentioned definition do not define personality completely .These definitions only explain the meaning of personality . It can be concluded that the personality of an individual is very broad . All the characteristics such as physical , mental , social , intellectual , emotional , etc., are included in personality which makes him extraordinary and are expressed from time to time in daily life , It can also be said that personality is the sum of inner and outer capabilities of an individual .
A recent picture of fire on the ocean, called ‘eye of fire’ has been going viral. This picture was captured in the west of Mexico’s Yucatan peninsula on 2nd July 2021. The reason for this fire was a gas leak of an underwater pipeline of the state oil company known as Pemex. The origin of the fire was an underwater pipeline that connects to a platform at the Ku Maloob Zaap oil development. The fire took more than five hours to put out. The company Pemex has a long history of major industrial accidents at their facilities. The fire was put out using Nitrogen by the company workers. Such incidents keep making us wonder about the marine ecosystem and how these activities keep endangering it. Although this was an accident of gas leak from inside, it reminds us of the many oil spills that keep occurring and the effect they have on the marine ecosystem.
Mauritius Oil Spill
On July 25, 2020, a Japanese-operated ship named MV Wakshio hit a coral reef on the coast of Mauritius. The vessel carried 4000 tonnes of crude oil out of which more than 1000 tonnes of oil leaked from the crack in an environmentally sensitive region which polluted the coral reefs, beaches, and lagoons of the island, and an environmental emergency was declared by the Prime Minister of Mauritius. This leak has caused a lot of damage and will continue to for years because of its location being near two environmentally protected marine ecosystems and the Blue Bay Marine Park reserve. These oil spills don’t just affect for the time being till they are cleaned up, the soluble compounds of the oil dissolve in the water and form a layer on the surface of the water which affects the whole marine ecosystem. The toxic hydrocarbons released from the spill bleach the coral reefs which are a very important part of Mauritius, and because of this bleaching, they will eventually die. The oil is less dense than the saltwater so it floats over the water which ends up sticking to the fur and feather of the marine animals and the birds which harms the water-repelling properties of their skin which can then expose them to the cold. Moreover, swallowing the oil can poison them.
The Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill
This spill of 2010 is known as the biggest oil spill in the United States with a spill of more than 200 million gallons of oil. It was found that the spill changed the amount of sediment collection on the bottom of the sea and choked them of oxygen. The reef fish changed after the spill, it absorbed some of the oil-source contaminants. This spill endangered the food chain and more than 400 species. It also severely affected dolphins of the area, there were a lot of stillbirths or baby dolphins with abnormal or underdeveloped lungs and seriously ill adult dolphins with drastically low blood sugar, low weight, and some were found with liver cancer and lung cancer.
Exxon Valdez Oil Spill
This disaster was caused by an oil tanker named Exxon Valdez which spilled 11 million gallons of crude oil into Alaska’s Prince William Sound on March 24, 1989. It killed around 2,50,000 sea birds, 3000 otters, 300 seals, 250 bald eagles, and 22 killer whales. It also played a role in the collapse of salmon and herring fisheries which resulted in fishermen going bankrupt and the economy suffering.
Environmental Effects
Seeing three important cases of Oil spills above we can discuss the major environmental effects of an oil spill:
Big impact on temporary animal
Fish loss of habitat
Affects organism functions like respiration, feeding, and thermo-regulation
The cleaning of oil spills ends up damaging the remaining plants.
Bleaching of coral reefs
Depletes oxygen content in water
Failure in the reproductive system of sea animals (as seen in dolphins above)
Responsible Bodies
The MARPOL convention of 1973 covers pollution of the marine environment by ships, it also lists forms of marine pollution caused by harmful substances, oil, sewage, and garbage from ships. The key international bodies that take care of oil spills are International Oil Pollution Compensation Fund (IOPC), and United Nations Environment Program World Conservation Monitoring Center (UNEP-WCMC). Other than these, every country has its government agency to take care of the spills. India has a National Oil Spill Disaster Contingency Plan (NOS-DCP).
Conclusion
With all the use of natural resources, the environment is being affected but adding to that is the leaks of these natural resources which further destroys the environment. The first step for acting on anything is to get to know about the history of incidents and the effect that has had on the environment.
Nothing brings a human joy more than a weekend. Friday evening, when you logout of your office and take a huge sigh of relief, nothing could beat that. We often make huge plans for the weekend but end up curled up in bed doing the bare minimum. And this is a universal phenomenon. Weekend brings a wave of laziness with it and we give into it. Although weekends are made for resting but doing something productive could be a cherry on the cake.
Some things you can try to do to get something extra out of your weekends are listed below: 1. Firstly, to do anything you need to have a plan. You must figure out what tasks you have to complete in those two days and the amount of time then left for all the rest and leisure activities. 2. Household chores always come at top of the list. These are the only two days when you can oversee everything. 3. Next do something you have been putting of for a long time. For example- exercising, meditating, gardening, etc. 4. Some people like to go out every once in a while. Weekends are the perfect opportunity to go out and meet your friends and family. 5. Some people like spending this time alone and honestly, that is the best use of the weekend. You need to give yourself time to rejuvenate from the chaotic week you had. 6. Lastly, take the trip you have been delaying for so long. Go to your nearest spot, have a picnic and make a day out of it.
The most important thing you can and should do is disconnect yourself from social media. Just for two days, try being away from the world. We use this time for rest but if we stay on our phones all the time watching useless videos then what’s the point of it all. Instead of letting social media dictate how you spend your weekend, keep your phone aside and go outside. Go for a long drive, eat at a restaurant, go to the gym, just do anything that would keep you away from those adorable cat videos on the internet. Another thing to keep in mind is that you not only need to disconnect from social media but the world all together. Stop being available for people on the weekends unless it’s an emergency. Use this time to be with yourself. You must set boundaries especially with your work colleagues. You can check your messages once in a day but letting people think you are available will only take away your weekend joy.
The above tips were for people who like to do things according to a plan but there are a lot of people who are spontaneous. I need not tell them how to spend their weekends. They will go wherever their heart takes them. It could be a short trip, a weekend long party, a get together, etc. These are the people who know how to unwind properly. You must rest but you should also do something productive before you head into another hectic week. Spending your weekend doing nothing will only lead to regret in the coming week while accomplishing even a single task will keep you satisfied and you can look forward to another fun filled weekend. Lastly, weekends are a great opportunity to plan ahead for the coming week and ensure you stay productive throughout the week.
Poverty and environment are closely interrelated. … It also highlights the impact of poverty on environmental health.Poverty is a condition of having insufficient resources of income.It is a lack of basic human needs such as adequate nutritious food, clothing, housing,clean water and health services.Extreme poverty can cause terrible suffering and death.They often suffer from severe malnutrition, epidemic disease outbreaks.
The effects of poverty may also include poor nutrition,mental illness,drug dependence and crime.
Extreme poverty which threatens people’s health or lives and is known as absolute poverty.And a condition of having fewer resources or less income than others within a society or country when compared to world-wide averages is known as the relative poverty.
The cycle of Poverty,illness and limited opportunities becomes a self substaining process that passes from one generation to another.
Poverty and environmental issues
The increase in population and poverty has made an impact on natural resources and the environment in many regions.In many parts of the world, environmental degradation-the deterioration of natural environment including the atmosphere,bodies of water,soil,forest is an impact cause of poverty.
Environmental problems have led to shortage of food,clean water, materials for shelter,and other essential resources.As forests,land,air and water are degraded,people who depend upon these natural resources are adversely affected.
Various measures to eradicate poverty in human being include the following
⭐ Achieving self sufficiency by intensifying agriculture,argumenting green revolution, in increasing crop productivity through modern genetic and bio technological approaches.
⭐Increasing land and water resources.Expanding the area of cultivable lands, transforming dry lands into productive lands through irrigation water sheds development.
⭐ Prevention of land and water pollution by minimizing the usage of chemical pesticides and adopting biological control strategies for pest eradication.
⭐Establishment of industries and technologies and creating more avenues for employment and man power utilization.
⭐Establishing more primary health centres , hospital and orphanages for destitutes and diseased.
The pregnant womens are now eligible for COVID 19 vaccination after the recommendation of NITAG (National Immunisation Technical Advisory Group) which is an advisory committee responsible for providing information related to vaccine to the national government of different country, as they follow evidence based work approach and play significant role in the whole pandemic situation. The decision got approved by the Union Health Ministry.
The centre has issued operational guidelines for the vaccination of pregnant women and the healthcare professionals who are responsible for the process. There is high risk of COVID 19 infection in case of pregnant women, which can impact the health of both the mother and the baby. The priority is to inform all such women about the risk, benefit, side effect and then get vaccinated. After most of the people getting vaccinated the centre’s decision on vaccination of pregnant women will surely strengthen the vaccination drive. Now they can register themselves on COVIN or directly visit the vaccination centre.
India and vaccination drive India started with its vaccination drive in January 2021. It started when two indigenous vaccine Covisheild by Serum institute of India and Covaxin by Bharat biotech passed the trials and got approval. It is India’s first ever adult vaccination drive. In the first phase of Vaccination drive, all the Frontline workers and healthcare staff got vaccinated and gradually, dividing the population into the category of 45+ and 18+ the vaccination drive begin for the public as well. Apart from this vaccination trials were performed on children as it is forecasted that the third wave is likely to affect children more than adults.
The challenges and progress India is one of the largest and most populated country in the world. The government of India is running the biggest vaccination drive while they face many challenges which include-
Lack of participation
Wastage of vaccine
Lack of awareness While these are some of the most common yet the most difficult obstacles that made it difficult to run the vaccination process and to reach a greater number of people specially the illiterate and rural population of the country. The government planned the strategy from local to national level and made tremendous offers towards making the drive successful by –
Eliminating vaccine hesitation
Ensuring COVID protocols are followed including mandatory vaccination.
Encouraging participation in the vaccine drive
Conclusion A smooth functioning of the vaccination drive is necessary in order to make sure that maximum number of people get benefited. India has already gone through the worst condition in the second wave where the nation witnessed oxygen shortage, no beds in hospital and medicines running out of stock. Not only this the but, the financial loss and shortage of resources, loss of livelihood in the time of pandemic left the common man shattered. The pandemic also showed us the reality of our healthcare system and faulty administration. The medical infrastructure is still not well equipped with some of the most basic facility which is a matter of concern.
Eduindex News 
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