Category: Health

The Abled Wings

“I can’t change the direction of the wind, but I can adjust my sails to always reach my destination”
–Jimmy Dean
Whenever we hear the word disability, we automatically think of an image of a person , of a human being , but who lacks certain “ abilities” of a human being Which is the reason why they are not even treated with the same dignity and respect as fellow human beings. Anybody who has faced such indignation or knows someone who has, can resonate with the pain. “The look” they get is enough to convey that you feel nothing but pity or sympathy for them; which is something they most certainly don’t need.


According to WHO :

Disability is part of being human. Almost everyone will temporarily or permanently experience disability at some point in their life. Over one billion people – about 15% of the global population- live with some form of disability and this number is increasing.
Disability results from the interaction between individuals with a health condition such as cerebral palsy, down syndrome and depression as well as personal and environmental factors including negative attitudes , inaccessible transportation and public buildings and limited social support.
As per census 2011, in India , out of total population of 121 crore, about 2.68 cr persons are disabled.


The most important aspect of being a human being is the quality of being able to understand other’s pain and to do one’s best to help them out. SDG goal no. 10 mentions about the reduction in inequality within and among countries by empowering and promoting the social, economic and political inclusion of all, including persons with disabilities.
People suffering from certain disability face a lot of discrimination and also fail to achieve equitable representation in normal walks of life. Be it in any professional field, or because of lack of facilities in many colleges and schools fail to provide a pleasant and comfortable environment to them. As simple as constructing a ramp sounds , still very difficult for many public and private places to implement.
Negative attitudes held by the families of the disabled, and often the disabled themselves , hinder them from taking an active part in the family. Even though many disabled adults are capable of productive work, disabled adults have far Lower employment rates than the general population. Inclusion of children with mild to moderate disabilities in regular schools has remained a major challenge.

Disability is diversity, not detriment: – The Ranger


The health sector especially in rural India has failed to react proactively to disability . Further there are lack of affordable access to proper health care, aids and appliances. Healthcare facilities and poorly trained health workers in rehabilitation centers is another concern.
Some steps taken by government to provide a better living environment for the disabled:


1.Accessible India Campaign : creation of accessible environment for PwDs
2.Deendayal disabled rehabilitation scheme
3.Assistance to disabled persons for purchase of aids and appliances
4.National fellowship for students with disabilities


Many NGOs and schools have came forward to help provide people with disabilities a fair chance at life , which is all they need. I remember my school, has special arrangements for children facing disabilities, having qualified teachers and staff and a very friendly environment for them to grow. We often used to play together during our PT periods feeling no difference between us ,for there was indeed no difference between us.The experience and the lessons those years taught us in school helped me to have a different and more humane perspective towards life and all the people in it.


Let no disability hinder or stop your dreams. Your dreams need wings, and thankfully every human is born with them.

What is Bipolar Disorder?

Bipolar disorder, also known as manic depression, is a mental illness that causes extreme mood swings between emotional highs (mania or hypomania) and lows (depression). The word bipolar itself means two extremes. Hence, it is a mental health condition characterized by extreme shifts in moods and mental states. Depression causes feelings of sadness or hopelessness, and you lose interest or pleasure in most life activities. When your mood shifts to mania or hypomania, you may feel euphoric, full of energy or unusually irritable. These mood swings can affect sleep, energy, activity, judgment, behavior and the ability to think clearly. People with bipolar disorder may have trouble managing everyday life tasks at school or work, or maintaining healthy relationships. There is no known cure, but there are many treatment options available that can help to manage the symptoms. 

Causes

The exact cause of bipolar disorder is unknown, but several factors may be involved. For example, researchers believe that certain people with bipolar disorder have biological differences that cause chemical imbalances in the brain. There is also the factor of genetics, as bipolar disorder is more common in people who have a first-degree relative, such as a sibling or parent, with the condition.

Types

  • Bipolar I disorder: This involves manic episodes lasting 7 days or more, or severe mania that requires hospitalization. The person may also experience a major depressive episode that lasts 2 weeks or more. Thus, this type is characterized by extreme and severe highs and lows.
  • Bipolar II disorder: This features both mania and depression, but the mania is less severe than in bipolar I, and doctors call it hypomania. A person with bipolar II may experience a major depressive episode preceding or following a manic episode. Hence, here there are briefer, less extreme periods of elation with longer periods of depression.
  • Cyclothymic disorder: Also known as cyclothymia, this type includes symptoms of hypomania and depression that last for 2 years or more in adults or 1 year in children. These symptoms do not fit the criteria for wholly manic or depressive episodes.
  • Other types: People with these disorders experience symptoms that do not fall into the above categories. The symptoms may stem from drug or alcohol use or medical conditions, for example.

Symptoms

The three main symptoms of this illness are those mentioned earlier; mania, hypomania, and depression. These symptoms also vary depending on the type of bipolar disorder. The most serious type is Bipolar I, where a person experiences both mania and depression very deeply.

Mania is an emotional high that makes people feel excited, impulsive and euphoric. But these exceed ordinary feelings of joy, causing racing thoughts, rapid speech, sleeplessness, hypersexual feelings, and risky actions. Hypomania is generally associated with bipolar II disorder. It is similar to mania, but not as severe.

Depression causes things like low mood, dwindling interest in hobbies, changes in appetite, feeling worthless, sleeping too less/too little, and suicidal thoughts. Basically, life loses all colour for a person experiencing depression, and it is very hard for them to enjoy anything or feel any positive emotions.

Treatment

Though it cannot be cured, bipolar disorder can be controlled with treatment. Medication is the cornerstone of bipolar disorder treatment, and psychotherapy can help many patients learn about their illness and how to cope with it, preventing future mood episodes. Treatment aims to stabilize the person’s mood and reduce the severity of symptoms. The goal is to help the person function effectively in daily life.

Medications known as ‘mood stabilizers’, such as lithium, are the most commonly prescribed type of medications for bipolar disorder. These medications are believed to correct imbalances in brain signaling. Because bipolar disorder is a chronic illness in which mood episodes typically recur, ongoing preventive treatment is recommended. Bipolar disorder treatment is individualized, as individuals react differently and symptoms vary widely. It is important to get a correct diagnosis and find a suitable treatment as per the individual.

People suffering from bipolar disorder have their life split in two realities; elation and depression. For someone constantly bouncing between emotional states, it can be hard to find the balance which will help lead a healthy life. Hence, we should also support the people in our lives suffering from bipolar disorder and help them cope with such extreme and debilitating emotions.

SECRET OF NATURE’S PEACE IS PATIENCE!

Forget hard work , Patience is the key to success .

You know what is lacking in today’s generation ? It’s not hark work guys , it’s patience rather. Patience (or forbearance) is the ability to endure difficult circumstances. Patience may involve perseverance in the face of delay; tolerance of provocation without responding in disrespect/anger; or forbearance when under strain, especially when faced with longer-term difficulties. Having the ability to be patient and continue on the journey towards achieving your goals can help you understand that consistent hard work and reflection will generate successful outcomes in your life. If your just expecting everything to come to you within a short period of time, you will end up sadly disappointed and frustrated when a setback or challenge comes your way. Having Impatience can lead you down a road of disappointment and you will eventually give up on achieving that goal or starting up that business. If you are patient enough then whatever the problem is , you will pass it with flying colors. Being impatient leads to greater problems & greater problems leads to stress & then & there stress leads to health issues . Your whole life depends on how patient you are , & it is your patience only which decide how efficient you are in solving a particular problem

It is very sad to know that today’s generation is lacking patience , when they want a particular item then they want , irrespective of the their age group or their understanding of that item , this is what lacking patience means . If they are trying their hand at some new place , there also they lack patience , they want the result early & this urge of getting every thing at first leads to hurdles in their way.

The skill of patience is not only important in life but also in forming strong personal relationships with your friends, partner, employees, family, and other important people who are in your life. Expressing patience towards them shows how caring and supportive you are towards them. Being impatient brings frustration in your life & hampers you inner peace. Bring inner peace into your life and stress less by being patient. Your mind and body will thank you for it in the long run. The skill of patience can be hard to master but developing that skill overtime can really help you out in your life. Being patient will help you taking better decision in you life. So here we can conclude that being patient enough will lead to better mental health .

Let’s end this article with a beautiful quote , ” PATIENCE IS NOT THE ABILITY TO WAIT , BUT THE ABILITY TO KEEP GOOD ATTITUDE WHILE WAITING”.

Elder Abuse

Life is a really wonderful gift from God, and one of the most essential aspects of it is aging. An individual’s life is divided into stages such as infancy, childhood, puberty, maturity, middle age, and old age. We are all busy in the early phases of our life, discovering the lovely hues of youth, learning new things, and are more inclined toward self-development. Then we approach adulthood and begin to organize our life, whether it’s our employment, marriage, children, family requirements, and so on; the list is infinite. Then there’s old age, which is the most relaxed and serene time of our life. It is that point in our lives when we can sit back and reflect on our lives, our successes, our ups and downs, and feel satisfied.

As we become older, we start to notice certain changes and may develop some impairments that are quite typical for our age. People of this age need to be helped in any way imaginable, whether emotionally, financially, physically, or cognitively. However, the unfortunate fact is that some people in today’s world fail to grasp such basic human foundations. The number of incidents involving children’s misunderstanding of elderly people and their needs is growing, and in many cases, this leads to elder abuse.

Indian Scenario

India is a land of ethics and feelings, where we respect each other’s emotions and believe in peaceful coexistence. In India, where we cherish and accept a value-based, joint family system, old age has never been an issue. Indian culture has always been courteous and supportive of elders. With that in mind, elder abuse was never regarded as an Indian issue, but rather as a Western one.

However, the coping abilities of both younger and older family members are now being tested more frequently than ever before. There are occasions when younger family members exhibit undesirable conduct, which the elder family members see as odd and causes them to feel ignored and discouraged.

People used to regard their parents with the greatest reverence and worship them as gods, but the harsh realities of today’s society are quite different. Children perceive parents as a burden that no one wants to bear. This is why many parents are found in deplorable situations walking around or placed in old age facilities. Today’s scenario is extremely paradoxical and awful, with animals receiving more love and [1]affection than people and humans being treated worse. It’s revolting how brutally parents are abandoned by their children.

They are the ones that work diligently their entire lives to see their children succeed and selflessly offer all within their means to make them a civilized human being. Our parents experience various challenges and impairments as they age, which is quite natural, and all they want is to be loved and supported in the same manner they did for their children, but when the opposite situations arise, these children appear to avoid their duties.

The current generation’s self-centered mentality and steady movement toward Western culture has undermined the hold of traditional values and ethics. One of the other reasons for such conduct is people’s rising greed and desire to be wealthy and powerful. As a result, they participate in elder abuse and emotionally and psychologically manipulate their parents in order to compel them to give up their property and other possessions in favour of their children.

Elder Abuse: Meaning And Types

Elder abuse (also known as elder mistreatment, senior abuse, abuse in later life, abuse of older adults, abuse of older women, and abuse of older men) is defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a single or repeated act, or lack of appropriate action, occurring within any relationship where there is an expectation of trust, that causes harm or distress to an older person.

It is not necessarily essential for abuse to be committed by children; it may be committed by anybody, such as a spouse, family member, or any other person on whom an old person is reliant; nonetheless, abuse by children is the most serious issue that must be addressed (including their spouse). The phrase abuse looks to be quite easy, but it is actually a highly complicated term with a wide range of meanings. There are several forms of abuse, including physical abuse, mental abuse, sexual abuse, financial abuse, and neglect. An old person may be subjected to the following types of abuse:

  1. Physical abuse: Elder physical abuse is defined as the purposeful use of force against an older person that results in bodily injury ranging from physical pain to death.
  2. Emotional abuse: Psychological and emotional abuse are purposeful behaviours that cause an older mental agony, fear, or suffering. Insults, seclusion, humiliation, intimidation, and name calling are all examples.
  3. Elder sexual abuse: is defined as any type of coerced or unwanted sexual encounter with an older adult. Some of the indicators of sexual abuse include anus or genital bleeding, newly transferred sexually transmitted infections, anus or genital discomfort, pelvic injuries, and so on.
  4. Elder financial abuse: is the unlawful, unapproved, or inappropriate use of an older person’s resources by someone in a trusting relationship with that individual. This type of abuse can occur with persons who are unable to grasp their financial accounts or conditions due to advanced age.
  5. Neglect: Senior neglect occurs when the person in charge of the older’s care fails to safeguard the elder from harm or fails to satisfy the elder’s needs in a way that results in or risks significant injury.

Neglect is not an honest accident:

It is the result of carelessness or a lack of regard for the wellbeing of an elder. It may include depriving elders from basic needs like- shelter, clothing, health upkeep or nutrition needs.

Indian Provisions Regarding Elder Abuse:

The point is, what are we doing to address this issue, and do we have any provisions in place in our country? The following acts and legislation have been introduced in this regard:
The Parental Maintenance Act of 2007 – This law has been modified twice, once in 2013 and again in 2018. The original Act stated that sons had a legal responsibility to care for their parents. Following a 2013 modification, parents might file a complaint against their sons, and the boys could be held legally liable for not supporting their parents. Daughters and sons-in-law were also deemed liable for supporting their parents under the 2018 modification.

The Parents and Senior Citizens Act (2007) makes it a legal requirement for children and legal guardians to pay maintenance to elderly people. It enables state governments to establish and operate old age homes in each district. Senior persons who are unable to sustain themselves might ask for a monthly stipend from their children. Children or heirs may be penalized if they do not provide support to elderly people. The punishment may be a Rs.5000 fine, three months in jail, or both.

Whereas it is critical to address the new law that was proposed in 2019 to alter the contents of the previously stated bill. The Parents and Senior Citizens Amendment) Bill 2019 aims to provide for the maintenance and welfare of parents and senior citizens by ensuring their basic needs, safety and security, the establishment, management, and regulation of institutions and services, and the rights guaranteed by the Constitution. It also mentions eliminating the Rs10000 cap and appointing nodal police officers for senior people at each police station and district-level special police unit, as well as a helpline for senior persons.

While many faiths have varied measures to safeguard the rights of older persons, some are extremely specific, such as the legislative provision for parental support under Hindu personal law included in Section 20 of the Hindu Adoption and Maintenance Act, 1956. Similarly, Muslim laws, Christian laws, and even Parsees laws have similar clauses. The Indian Constitution has provisions to protect the rights of individuals beyond the age of 60. Because these articles are part of Chapter IV of the constitution, which discusses the Directive Principles, they cannot be enforced by a court of law, as mentioned in Article 37; nonetheless, they serve as the foundation for any legislation.

Article 41 of the Constitution guarantees elderly persons the right to work, education, and public support. It also requires the state to protect these rights in instances of disability, old age, or illness. Meanwhile, Article 46 states that the elderly’s educational and economic rights must be maintained by the state.

Conclusion:

Some societal changes are unavoidable, such as raising older people’s understanding of their rights and the types of assistance available under various laws. Furthermore, politicians must broaden their view on the term “NEEDS,” since they frequently fail to understand the social “needs” of belongingness, preserving power, and a position of significance in the family, a set of needs that frequently go unsaid.

Things everyone should do in their 20s

  • Learn a new language
    Learning a new language is always a fun. There are many advantages of learning a new language, it will help you to connect with new people, it will advance your career, will boost your creativity and many more.
    You can learn their culture and after learning new language it will be easy to interact with them, making friends and exploring their culture.
    You can improve your job prospects and travel trough foreign countries more easily.
    You can learn any foreign language by yourself without spending any money.
  • Solo travel
    Travelling alone will completely change your life. In our 20s we all become very busy with our studies, building our career, we completely forget that what matters the most is our happiness, we just have to be happy and solo trips are the best way to give time to yourself, to live your life the way you want to, no one going to judge you, just be yourself. No matter where you go and what you do, it will completely change you. During solo trips you will get to know yourself better, it will boost your confidence and you will learn to rely on yourself.
    The biggest advantage of traveling alone is you are less likely to feel stressed out and of course it’s cheaper compared to other group trips. You can be selfish and its completely okay you need some time for yourself, to love yourself.
  • Sleep under the star
    Don’t have a partner? Ohh its okay make yourself your partner. Grab a bottle of wine snuggle up under a cozy blanket, enjoy the beauty and think about the memories which will make you happy. Under a beautiful sky with millions of stars just you, no shadow, just you the real you. Have a partner? It will    become more romantic you and the one you love, the one who will spent his/her rest of life with you, under a cozy blanket, with a bottle of wine , holding each other’s hand, thinking about your sweet time together.
  • Learn to play an instrument
    Learning to play an instrument will make you more creative and will help you to concentrate. Music is an important part of our life it has a power to change our mood, it helps to erase our pain and reduce stress. Research has shown that blood flows more easily when music is played.
  • Find your passion
    The teenage years (and even the early twenties) are a confusing time when most of us don’t have much figured out. But as the years go by, you should grow a sense of purpose. Figure out what you want to be remembered for and make it happen.

SCHIZOPHRENIA- A CAGE

Schizophrenia is a mental disorder characterized by continuous or relapsing episodes of psychosis. Major symptoms include hallucinations(typically hearing voices), delusion and disorganized thinking. About 0.3 to 0.7% of people are diagnosed with schizophrenia during their lifetime. In 2017, there were estimated 1.1 million new cases and in 2019 a total of 20 million cases globally. Males are more often affected and on average have an earlier onset, although some large reviews have not found gender differences in the prevalence of the disorder. The likely causes of Schizophrenia include genetic and environmental factors. Genetic factors include a variety of common and rare genetic variants. Possible environmental factors include being raised in a city, cannabis use during adolescence, poor nutrition during pregnancy etc.

SYMPTOMS:-

Schizophrenia involves a range of problems with thinking(cognition), behavior and emotions. Signs and symptoms may vary, but usually involve delusions, hallucinations or disorganized speech and reflect an impaired ability to function. Symptoms may include:-

  • Delusion- these are false believes that are not based in reality. For example, thinking that the person is harmed or harassed, certain gestures are towards them, have an exceptional ability or fame.
  • Hallucination- these usually involve seeing or hearing things that don’t exist. Yet for the person with Schizophrenia, they have the full force and impact of a normal experience.
  • Disorganized thinking(speech)- disorganized thinking is inferred from disorganized speech. Effective communication can be impaired, and answers to questions may be partially or completely unrelated.
  • Extremely disorganized or abnormal motor behavior- this may show in a number of ways from childlike silliness to unpredictable agitation. Behavior isn’t focused on a goal, so it’s hard to do tasks.
  • Negative symptoms- this refers to reduced or lack of ability to function normally. The person may neglect personal hygiene or appear to lack emotion. Also, the person may begin to lose interest in every day activities, socially withdraw themselves, don’t get the feeling of happiness and pleasure.

COMPLICATIONS:-

  • suicide, suicide attempts and thoughts of suicide.
  • anxiety disorders and obsessive-compulsive disorder(OCD).
  • depression.
  • abuse of alcohol or other drugs, including nicotine.
  • inability to work or attend school.
  • financial problems and feeling of homelessness.
  • social isolation.
  • health and medical problems.
  • being victimized.
  • aggressive behavior(uncommon).

CAUSES:-

Problems with certain naturally occurring brain chemicals, including neurotransmitters called Dopamine and Glutamate, may contribute to schizophrenia. Neuroimaging studies show differences in the brain structure and central nervous system of people with schizophrenia. While researchers aren’t certain about the significance of these changes, they indicate that schizophrenia is a brain disease.

TREATMENT:-

People with schizophrenia often lack awareness that their difficulties stem from a mental disorder that requires medical attention. So it often falls to the family or the friends to get them help by visiting a good doctor and giving proper medications on time.

World Nature Conservation Day

Conservation is the care and protection of  resources so that they can persist for future generations.

Conservation seeks the sustainable use of nature by humans along with preservation.

Preservation means protecting nature.

World Nature Conservation Day is celebrated on 28 July annually.

It is celebrated to generate awareness of the nature and its conservation.

Nature conservation means conserving habitat of different living organism, preventing deforestation, halting species extinction, reducing overfishing and mitigating climate change.

There is increasing interest in extending the responsibility for human well-being to include the Welfare of sentient animals.

Government play a major role in conserving our natural resources and various living organism.

There are various natural conservation is the laws implemented by government.

There are various threat to biodiversity:-

  • Habitat loss and fragmentation
  • Introduction of alien invasive species
  • Disturbance
  • Harvesting and over exploitation
  • Soil, water and atmospheric pollution
  • Intensive agriculture and forestry
  • Climate change

Habitat loss and fragmentation

  • Forests and grasslands turned into deserts.
  • Mangroves get cleared for fuel wood and prawn farming leads to Habitat loss of marine fish.
  • Waste land is increasing.
  • Human activities likely to eliminate approx 10 Millions species by the year of 2050.
  • Rate of disappearance of tropical forest in India is 0.6 % per year.

Thus, there is a need for conservation of living organism as well as natural resources.

Project Tiger – 268 in 1972 in 9 tiger reserve which increases to 1500 in 1997 in 23 Tiger Reserves.

Extinction of Dodo in Madagascar

Alien species

  • Introduction of Exotic breeds and disappearance of native species through biotic interaction.
  • Invasive species is a threat for Island ecosystem due to lack of competitors and Predator that control the population of native ecosystem.
  • E.g.-
    • Amazon sailfin catfish responsible for destruction of the population of Switzerland of Kolkata
    • Water hyacinth
    • Lantana bushes

Disturbance

  • Natural disturbance are very much differ from man made disturbance.
  • Natural disturbance like forest fire, cyclone, draught, Tsunami, etc. They disturb ecosystem very different way.
  • Human disturbances like synthetic compound, pesticides, massive release of radiation or spillover of oil in soil also affect our environment.
  • Biomagnification.
  • Eutrophication i.e, nutrient enrichment
  • Effect of anti-inflammatory drugs, diclofenac on vultures.

Harvesting and over exploitation

  • Exploitation includes hunting, fisheries, the impact of trade in Species and species parts.
  • Due to exploitation many species are getting treated at Global label such as births 30%, mammals 33%, amphibian 6%, marine fishes and reptiles.
  • Fishing often takes large incident catches of non-targeted species and crawling can destroy whole Marine community that live on sea floor.
  • Illegal poaching of animal for large economic benefit.
    • Skin and bones of Tiger, Ivory of elephant, horns of Rhinos, perfume of the Musk deer.

Climate change

  • Climate change is a major threat for all the species present on the globe.
  • Due to climate change the Global temperature is rising (0.74 degrees celsius in global mean surface temperature relative to pre- industrial levels), more extreme weather events, changing pattern of rainfall and drought can expected to have significant impact on biodiversity.

These factors affect directly and indirectly to the species in the form of:-

  • Loss of Polar habitat
  • Loss of coral reef
  • Ocean acidification
  • Shifting of weather
  • Effect on food chain

IUCN  Red List category

Red list is a catalogue of taxa that are facing the risk of extinction.

  • At present it is known as International Union for the conservation of nature and natural resources
  • IUCN has recognised 9 Red List categories of species:-
    1. Extinct
    2. Extinct in the wild
    3. Critically endangered
    4. Endangered
    5. vulnerable
    6. Near threatened
    7. Least concern
    8. Data deficient
    9. Not evaluated

The protected areas of India are :- National Park, Wildlife sanctuaries, conservation Reserves, community Reserves, biosphere reserve, Marine protected areas.

Nature conservation

Measures should be taken to conserve nature:-

  • Reduce reuse and recycle
  • Choose sustainable development
  • Choose long lasting light bulbs
  • Try to use renewable resources more than non-renewable resources.
  • Save water
  • Volunteer for clean up our environment
  • Volunteer for clean up our environment
  • Use public transport system
  • Plant more trees
  • Try to avoid plastic
  • Try to minimise pollution at individual level
  • Use reusable shopping bags
  • Educate others about anthropogenic activities or impact of anthropogenic actions on our environment and what can we do to prevent its bad effects.

All Addictions are Dangerous

Whenever the word ‘addiction’ pops up, people often connect it immediately to drugs, smoking or alcohol and deny to think further more. But getting used to anything beyond a limit, be it a coffee, food or shopping is an addiction and is equally dangerous.

While some of these addictions might appear more harmless on the surface, but in reality all of them limit your life in some way or the other. It’s important to try and quit if you recognize that a habit is taking over your life.

First, start by acknowledging the problem and then believe in yourself that with proper work you can overcome this problem. I am not telling that this would be easy, but surely it would be worth the effort. Take it day at a time. It can be intimidating in the start, but take baby steps to reach goal and don’t quit.

One day at a time….

Be optimistic, reach the root of the problem and take some time to truly understand where this habit comes from and how it is ruining your life and health. Sometimes contemplating on your mistakes can help you get rid of them once and for all.

Stay committed and do not leave mid-way. I promise you that your transformation will help you live a much more enriching, creative, free and empowering life.

MOM – THE DIVINE SOUL!!!

Have anyone seen God in person? I think many of us would answer, No. But the right thing is everyone is seeing God daily in face of our mother. Yes, she is a unique gift, God had given to us. Am I right, now? In precise, she is the world’s precious gift which God have given to us. The feeling which we get when we are with our mother is the true divine feel that can be felt when we pray to God. None of us might say, I don’t like my mother, right? I can answer this myself. No one would say, I don’t like my mother. Though we don’t say anything to her, should would find what happened to us. And ask us what had happened. This is the divine feel of motherhood. Have you ever thought how things are hard to your mother?

The happiest feeling in this world is that a girl is carrying an another life in her. Yes, that feel cannot be bought buy money. Do you know how happy a mother would be when she is carrying her child in her uterus? Eventhough, she doesn’t know whether you are a boy or a girl, she had began to love you already. The only soul who loved you since the day you began to grow in her belly, is definitely your mother. She cannot eat the food she likes, or to lead her normal life. She lives in a dream world while she is carrying you. A survey says that the pain of childbirth is equal to jumping from the highest palce and even it is equal to the crushing of all the bones in your body. The pain we say that I was cheated by someone, hurt by someone, etc., can we say this pain is equal to the pain your mother endured during your birth? No. This labor pain cannot be expressed in words. A mother risk her life to give birth to her child and let him/her see this beautiful world. Everyone in the world can be selfish, greedy and picky but not our mom. She has never been greedy or selfish because she had you. After birth, she gives her blood as milk that’s been the food to us. No matter whatever heights we reach and whatever we do, this life and body is given by her. A mother would do anything to make her child feel happy and secure.

The Power of a Mother's Prayer | Guideposts

No matter how tired she is or how sick she is, the first word come from her mouth would be have you eaten? This shows that nothing matters more than you. Do you know how late she sleep and how early she wake up? Many don’t know, because they haven’t noted this! The next thing is giving the things that we want. If you want anything to eat, without any hesitation she make and give you, right? She doesn’t care whether she likes it or not!. She just want us to be happy and healthy. Sometimes, she used to eat the leftovers and sleep with a half-filled stomach. Mother is the one who teach us what is good and what is wrong in everything. She will correct the mistakes that we make.

After marriage, all the girls, you would be able to feel that motherhood is a gift to us. Yes, motherhood is the unique gift given by god to us. We feel sorry for the child without a mother and a mother without a child. Motherhood is same for everyone. Even the sterile women have the feeling of motherhood. So, stop judging women by their fertile or sterile nature. Let me ask you a quuestion. If your mother has gone out in the morning and haven’t been back to home for a day what would you do? Obivously, you would search for her right. This shows how you love your mother and how the bond between you two is! Think about a child without mother? Not having a mother is the only thing they would regret throughout their life. I hope you would have understood how mother is important in your life!

Mothers Day Quotes For Students And Children - Kids Portal For Parents

Don’t hurt or scold or argue with your mother for some silly things and don’t make her feel upset about it. Because there are children longing for mother’s love. Cherish this wonderful gift, God have given to you. Cherish your mom as high as you can. At last, Mom-the divine soul, this title suits this article right? God is in the face of your mother. Make you mother feel happy for you. Spare some time, talk to her. This would be the great gift that you give her.

Mother Quote | Quote Number 542279 | Picture Quotes

Current Strategies used in Regenerative Medicine

The most common and most used strategy is cell-based therapy. Humans have a complex body structures and parts, having multicellular framework making it complicated and because of this it is difficult to know functions and structural role of each and every cell of the body. The ability of the cells to differentiate into other cells types is defined as “Cell Potency”. There are some cells which lack the ability of differentiation or cell potency.

Cell therapy consists of injecting novel or healthy cells in the pathogenic or injured tissues to just start differentiating there to help the cell grow back like earlier again. Also these cells are difficult to grow in in-vitro conditions as they do not give a considerable amount of cells, also for organs (e.g. liver) with a great replication potential in-vivo, as the cells lose the usual microenvironment needed to proliferate.

Stem cells can proliferate extensively, with the capacity of self-renewing while they maintain their undifferentiated state, until they are induced to differentiate into a specific cell type. Stem cells can be obtained in several ways, most commonly three ways; they are autologous if derived from patient, allogenic f derived from a human donor and xenogeneic if derived from another animals. And here we are more focused on the third type which is the xenogeneic one as animal regeneration plays very effective role in the human regenerative therapy. As mentioned earlier also these adult stem cells are present in various parts of human body also and has a lot of role or we can say differentiation to do in various parts of our body like one the part where the population of stem is higher is bone marrow which regularly differentiates all cells and which is possible with the presence of stem cells in there.

GERM LAYERDERIVED TISSUES AND ORGANS
EctodermEpidermal tissues and nervous system
MesodermBone, blood , cartilage, muscle, urogenital system, serious membranes
EndodermGI tract, airways

Being pluripotent and having other advantages is great but there are some difficulties and issues also related to stem cell therapy which cannot be ignored:

  • CARCINOGENESIS: The stem cells can develop into treaties which give rise to carcinogens which are causative agents of cancers and tumours in the body. They are fatal to another extent.
  • REJECTION: They are allogeneic, but immune responses can be avoided with some new developing technologies, like therapeutic cloning and adult cell reprogramming.
  • Need for feeder cells for tropic support: first time feeder cells were used in mouse fibroblasts, correlated with the risk of xeno-contamination.
  • ETHICAL AND MORAL ISSUES: They represent a notable source of debate, as theirsource is an embryo, which development is interrupted by the aspiration.

Kidney Regeneration by Human Regenerative Therapy

Animal models are essential for understanding the pathogenetic mechanisms governing the onset and progression of various kidney diseases and for pre-clinically testing novel, more effective, treatments for the patients afflicted with renal impairment. Despite the presence of several non-rodent models, rats and mice remain principal and indispensable species used by investigators in the field of nephrology. Emphasis is placed on several well-established models, such as the ischemic or reperfusion acute renal failure model, remnant kidney model, and unilateral ureteral obstruction model. Undoubtedly, establishment of authentic animal models is of vital importance in delineating the mechanisms of a range of human kidney diseases and in evaluating the feasibility and efficacy of novel therapeutic interventions.

Kidney diseases are fatal and can cause death and its mortality rate is almost 6-8% annually.

Kidney tissue derived from human pluripotent stem cells was generated using organ development mechanism of xenogeneic foetuses, suggesting possibility of generating humanised kidney using animal metanephroi as a scaffold. To apply his concept to humans, the size of the generated animal needs to be increased using larger host animal. Pigs are considered the most suitable f the possible larger animals models, because of their physiological and anatomical similarities to humans. The strategy that underlies humanised kidney generation assumes the transplantation of xenogenic foetal anlagen to adult patients. For this pig metanephroi has to be studied to see the similarities with human nephron so that the differences can be identified so that when the kidney is transplanted into the person the probability of rejection of the graft is already calculated and taken care off. The use of cloned pigs would be beneficial for this type of transplantation study because metanephroi from a cloned pig foetus could be transplanted into a syngeneic adult cloned pig. Thus, engraftment and growth of the graft could be evaluated without being affected by immune rejection. Kidney regeneration using pig metanephroi as a scaffold has potential not only in human medicine but also for companion animals.

The advent of Fashion trends in pandemic life

Photo by Nataliya Vaitkevich on Pexels.com

“Your prolific life flares from the fashion you do, have, and live”. Indeed, fashion is one of the most prominent elements for millennials. The transformation has been one of the processes through which we all humans have gone through since the establishment.

                          Profoundly, pandemic life has changed everything in this course of life, the lifestyle, food we eat, and the clothes we all wear!

 Clothes are evident, and the fashion which we follow affects us posthumously. The fashion of 2021 is back on track with the easy peasy, breezy, comfy life. People are less bothered by societal norms and the trendy life rather than more into their comfort zone.

        Fashion affects human life more as it affects psychologically. As the season occurs, festive emerged, our taste of fashions fluctuates. Humans are uncertain and so their fashion too!

   The advent of fashion portrays us the new normal which we live in, work from home, chilling at home, fam – jam and so on.

Let’s talk about the altering in the fashion world, The mask, a protector weapon in today’s life. though it’s a new rule for all people but rather the rule has converted into a new trend. Women especially have an area of interest in the fashion world and this is how the fashion world aims at women’s society! whether it’s lipstick, shoes, classy dresses, or maybe a cute hat all is on the side of women.

      Women exist, so fashion exists! It’s humor but a reality that we have relied more on masks than other things. Our priorities lie to wear masks. Wearing a mask on any sort of dress makes them trendy. Certain trends of lipsticks have been distorted due to the arrival of the pandemic but it’s vague if we still use lipsticks on masks.

     Still, there is always a way to the dazzling notions in the minds of these crafted minds of the industry. Invisible masks, which are safe yet the best way to make a woman feel more glamourous and enthralling.

It has 2 faces for a matter of any sort of matter. Even fashion has its 2 sides, the pros and cons of masks showcase us how even masks filter up our inabilities to use them. Certain situations like eating, drink made this life more miserable for humans.

       Living with despair and abashed thoughts in the new life of pandemic where hope is the only element present in the world. Fashion made our lives more fruitful to have conventions on ourselves. Today’s fashion is more about having faith in oneself and being confident of what we wear in our life to enjoy our life with our comfort zone. How one can be more indigently glamorous in their way, living aftermath with a bright side with all those flickering optimism and yet not so according to the word.

 Today’s fashion is about you, not about them!

It’s a simple quote, yet a transparent difference one can look into it with their point.

Psychological Disorders – Part 1

“What health needs is more sunlight, more candor, and more unashamed conversation.”

– Glenn Close

Introduction

The American Psychiatric Association’s diagnostic manual, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) defines mental disorder as a syndrome characterized by a clinically significant disturbance in an individual’s cognitive, emotion regulation, or behaviour that reflects a dysfunction in the psychological, biological, or developmental process underlying mental functioning. Mental disorders are usually associated with significant distress in social, occupational, or other important activities. Psychologists focus on behaviour rather than actions. Behaviour that is considered maladaptive and causes significant personal distress and interrupts daily functioning is mostly labelled as a disorder.

What is the DSM?

The DSM is a handbook that is used by health care professionals over the world as a guide to diagnosing mental disorders. It gives a list of descriptions and symptoms related to every recognized mental disorder. The way physicians have a list of symptoms to check for physical health issues to not diagnose things differently from other physicians, the DSM plays the same role for psychologists, it helps in keeping a common diagnosis to not create chaos and confusion.

MAJOR CATEGORIES OF DISORDERS IN DSM-5:

Neurodevelopmental Disorders

These consist of disorders that are usually diagnosed in infancy, childhood, or adolescence like Intellectual Disability, this developmental disorder is originally detected before 18 years of age. This includes limitations in intellectual functioning and adaptive behaviours. This disorder was formerly known as mental retardation. The test to check intellectual ability is the IQ test, if the IQ score is under 70, it points towards intellectual limitations. Limitations in adaptive behaviour can involve a lack of efficiency at everyday things such as self-care, social interaction, and other living skills.

Communication Disorders are related to difficulty in the ability to use, understand, or detect language and speech. The DSM-5 further divides this disorder into four parts – language disorder, speech sound disorder, childhood-onset fluency disorder (stuttering), and social communication disorder.

Autism Spectrum Disorder includes persistent deficits in social interaction and communication. The DSM says that the symptoms for this must be noticed in the early developmental period and these symptoms should interfere in the important parts of life which include social and occupational functioning.

Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) consists of a persistent pattern of hyperactivity-impulsivity and/or inattention which interferes in the normal working during the day. This can show up at home, school, work, and social situations.

Bipolar Disorders

This disorder consists of a shift in mood from extremely elevated moods to a depressive period. The elevated moods are called mania or hypomania. Mania is the mood when there is a period of elevated, expansive, and irritable mood with increased activity and energy. This period is usually accompanied by excessive confidence. During this period, people tend to engage in activities that can have a negative long-term impact such as buying a mansion without considering the finances.

Depressive Episodes consist of feelings of depression or sad mood with a lack of interest in activities. It also includes feelings of guilt, fatigue, and irritability. People going through this period can experience difficulty in sleeping and also have suicidal thoughts.

Conclusion

It is very important to understand the depression is different from being sad and similarly being very happy is also different from mania. It should be noted that before assuming a disorder and starting medication, you should consult a psychologist and follow the treatment recommended by them. It should also be understood that if a child is showing signs of a neurodevelopmental disorder, you should take them to a doctor or a psychologist and should not brush it off and scold them for it.

References

NOTE: this is just the Part 1 of the Psychological Disorders series.

What is Regenerative Therapy?

Regeneration is the process of renewal, restoration and growth that, makes genomes, cells, organisms. It is basically the process in which an organism regrows its lost parts, so that original function is restored. This ability to regenerate differs in different groups. For example: lizards who lose all or part of their tails can grow new ones, Sharks continually replace lost teeth, spiders can regrow missing legs or parts of legs etc.
It is one benefit or advantage for animals in which they can immediately regrow the parts of body which may be involved in locomotion, reproduction which are one of the most important processes in the life.
On the other hand, Regenerative therapy or regenerative medicine can be defined as the process of replacing or regenerating human cells, tissues, or organs to restore or establish normal function. Regenerative Medicine refers to a group of biomedical approaches to clinical therapies that may involve the use of stem cells. Regenerative therapy may enable scientists to grow tissues and organs in the laboratory or in in-vitro conditions and safely implant them when the body is unable to heal itself. Also rather than a simple scar as a result of injury can regenerate, there are some human organs and tissues that can regenerate. These include liver, fingertips and endometrium. The cartilage cells divides more as we age.

Veterinary medicine have been integral part and has been associated to the development of stem cell therapies. The large experimental animal models have always contributed large to the development of stem cell therapies and refinement of modern hematopoietic stem cell transplantation were noted nearly 5 decades ago. To restore the damaged cells, tissues, organs it is critical to understand the development mental process of specific tissues and them reproduce it. Stem cells play essential roles in organ developmental and tissue repair. Stem cells have always contributed to these experiments and are one of the most used techniques which are used in the field of developmental biology basically in regeneration of different important parts of our body like the bone regeneration or cartilage regeneration and may more. The embryonic stem cells differentiate into multipoint stem cells, including epithelial, mesenchymal, and other tissue- specific stem cells. Stem cells are actually the mesenchymal cell which are pluripotent in nature which means the cells basically are self replicating and are derived from human embryos or human fatal tissue and are known to develop tissues of the three primmer germ layers. Stem cells are present in our body in different types of tissues. A person’s body contains stem cells throughout their life and the body uses them when it needs them. Some parts of body has a regular presence and use stem cells like the bone marrow, dental pulp, adipose tissue, dermis, umbilical cord and the gut, in which the stem cells regularly divide to produce new body tissues for maintenance and repair. Developmental processes are initiated by interaction between these stem cells, resulting in the formation of highly specialised functional tissues and organs. The role of animal models or animal regeneration has a very important role to play in this human regenerative therapy. Right now also the researches on animal regeneration is carried out and works shows some human regenerative therapies can be carried out using them. Researches and advancements in this field which the stem cells and regenerative medicine continue to expand the knowledge of the basic biology and clinical applications of stem cells. Many of the pioneering developments in these fields of stem cells research have been achieved through collaborations of veterinary and human scientists. This review aims to provide an overview of the contribution of the large animal veterinary models in advancing stem cell therapies for both human and clinical veterinary patients may play in the future evolution of stem cell therapies for both human and animal patients will be explored.

Regenerative medicine implies replacement or regeneration of human cells, tissue or organs, to restore or establish normal function. Regenerative medicine or the human regenerative therapy is one of the major advancements in recent years which works on the principles of stem cell technology and tissue engineering in order to replace or regenerate human tissues and organs and restore their functions. This therapy has helped in the field as it can be used in the treatment of acute injuries, chronic diseases and congenital malfunctions. Many advances in regenerative medicine, including the basic and translational researches, have been developed and tested in experimental animals; pigs have played an important role in various aspects of this work. The value of pigs as a model species is being enhanced by the generation of specially enabling more sophisticated research to be performed and thus accelerating the clinical applications of regenerative medicine.

Molecular Basis of Ageing

Ageing is defined as the gradual deterioration of functional characteristics which are necessary for survival and the whole process of aging is termed as senescence in biological sense. In recent years, the processes and mechanisms of ageing and age-related diseases have also made progress. The scientific study of old age or the process of ageing is called as the gerontology and the biological aspect of process of aging or gerontology is called Biogerontology which is defined as the subfield of gerontology concerned with the biological aging process, its evolutionary origins, and potential means to intervene in the process. It involves interdisciplinary research on biological aging’s causes, effects and mechanisms. Lifespan is the length of time for which an organism lives and Life expectancy is the average period that a person may expect to live. It is found that genetic factors play roles in determining the longevity both within and between species.

Ageing is a complex biological process with complex mechanisms characterised by functional decline of tissues and organs, deterioration of functional characteristics, reduced adaptability and resistance, all contribute to an increase in the mortality caused by multiple chronic diseases. Ageing is divided into two types namely pathological and physiological ageing.

Pathological Ageing is defined as that type of aging in which people grow old with no significant antemortem cognitive impairment, and some of them may be high functioning. Physiological Ageing can be defined as that type of aging in which organism lead to senescence or the decline in the biological functions and organism’s ability to adapt to metabolic stress. The later one is the common ageing type in the human beings and most of the animals. As the process of ageing continues the susceptibility of the body towards different diseases increases like diabetes, muscle dysfunction, skin diseases etc. Ageing related disorders are really a serious threat to human health and reduce quality of life among elderly people.

CELL TYPES INVOLVED IN AGEING

Stem Cells
Stem cells are the cells which have the ability to perpetuate themselves as they are capable of continuous, repeated self-renewal divisions in order to maintain their population. A single stem cell can differentiate into or form different types of mature cell types. Stem cells are basically pluripotent cells characterized as undifferentiated and immature with the ability to self-renew.
Stem cell therapy is widely used in bone regeneration, organ regeneration and especially in cardiovascular regenerative medicine. This is done by regenerating various functional stem cells, with the potential function of regenerating various tissues and organs. Changes in cell cycle and a decline in the self-renewal ability of stem cells are closely related to aging. Decline of self-renewal factors contributes to stem cell aging. Although some changes in their function are intrinsic, more external factors can lead to impairment in their function. Physiological levels of ROS (Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are essential signaling molecules in many biological processes, wherein their level is tightly regulated. Excess ROS may cause apoptosis, premature senescence or unscheduled differentiation of stem cells) could regulate the balance between self-renewal and stem cell differentiation. High ROS levels could lead to DNA damage, shortening of telomeres and onset of premature ageing markers

Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells
According to the evidences it is said that senescent vascular smooth muscle cells have been observed in aging related diseases like diabetes mellitus which indicates that these cells contribute to aging. Aging results in a significant reduction of contractile vascular smooth muscle cells in focal patches along arterioles. Focal loss of contractile VSMCs occurs at a younger age due to the deficiency of senescence related protein which is called as caveolin-1. Age related contractile VSMC loss is not exacerbated by genetic depletion of insulin-like growth factor-1. The patchy loss of contractile VSMCs provides a cellular explanation for previous clinical studies showing focal micro-irregularities in retinal arteriolar responsiveness in healthy aged human subjects and is likely to contribute age-related retinal vascular complications.

Endothelial Cells
Endothelial cells have important functions in paracrine and endocrine actions, such as regulating vascular tension, maintaining blood circulation and neovascularization. Endothelial cells are essential part of the heart and vasculature. Senescence is closely related to endothelial cells. ROS (Reactive Oxygen Species) and inflammation play a role in the apoptosis of endothelial cells. Autophagy and exosomes containing harbor miRNAs which play a very important role in the course of a disease and also participate in the regulation of endothelial functions. Age related diseases are related to endothelial dysfunction and impaired autophagic activity.