Category: Learning

Learning is the process of acquiring new understanding, knowledge, behaviors, skills, values, attitudes, and preferences. The ability to learn is possessed by humans, animals, and some machines; there is also evidence for some kind of learning in certain plants.

7 tips to crack GATE 2022

1. The Early You Start, The Better It Is.

GATE is an exam that requires a consistent long-term study. It is helpful to start early because you get enough time to study the topics in-depth and revise regularly. The ideal time to prepare for GATE is in the 3rd year of Engineering. You need to devote at least a few hours per week, say on the weekends for GATE preparation. The competition is high as there are aspirants preparing for the exam for over 2 years.

2. Know the GATE Exam Pattern and Syllabus

Before starting your GATE preparation, be clear with the GATE 2022 exam pattern and syllabus. The Exam has both MCQ and Numerical type of questions. There is negative marking as well except for the numerical type questions.

The next step is to check the GATE Syllabus 2022. Shortlist the subjects and topics based on your conceptual knowledge and understanding of the subject. Categorize the topics based on your strengths and weaknesses, which will help you decide which topics should be focused more. Besides that, choose the core subjects which you need to study thoroughly in order to score more.

3. Make a proper study plan

The study plan will vary for each candidate–whether the candidate is a fresher or a repeater, depending on their strengths and weaknesses, etc. To prepare an effective study plan, closely examine the exam pattern, syllabus, and difficulty level of the exam. Design a long-term plan, monthly, and daily. Practice a variety of problems from different sources. Take mock tests, solve previous year’s papers, and sample papers.

4. Manage Your Time Efficiently

Time is a very important factor in GATE preparation. Create a practical timetable and use your time effectively. Preplan the time required to cover the syllabus and allocate separate time slots for every task related to your GATE Preparation. Revision is the key; take it seriously and practice a variety of question papers to manage time in a better way during the exam.

5. Take Mock Tests and Analyze the Results

At every stage of your preparation, you need to keep track of your performance which can be done by taking mock tests. Only taking mock tests is not sufficient, it is equally important to analyze the results. Know the mistakes you made and the areas that need to improve.

6. Focus on General Aptitude & Engineering Mathematics

If you want to clear GATE 2022, focusing on Mathematics and Aptitude act as saviors. Prepare these two subjects thoroughly because in this section you will score much easily compared to other sections. The Aptitude section carries 15 marks and the Mathematics section too carries 15 marks. Thus, it is an excellent strategy to prepare for this section without fail.

7. Join an Online Test Series

Online Test Series is one of the best ways to know your preparation level. These are prepared by expert faculties and also contain previous year questions. These will help you compete with the actual appearing candidates for the year and you can also analyze your AIR. For details regarding the best test series, you can take the help of your seniors and teachers are they might already be enrolled.

Think beyond the bookish knowledge and find the day-to-day applications of the concepts in engineering. This will help you in making things interesting and real. Develop the power of visualization and try to find the links and relationships between the concepts. This will help you learn more effectively. Create analogies to explain topics and concepts. Take good care of your health and sleep adequately. Revise regularly and keep cool on the day of the exam.

You can check my other blog attached below to know more about the different opportunities after GATE exam.

Different opportunities after the GATE exam

WORLD’S LARGEST SHIP BREAKING YARD: ALANG, GUJARAT

Alang is the biggest ship breaking yard in the world and is situated in Gujarat, India. Hundreds of ships get scrapped here every year. With the increasing popularity of the yard, the number of ships getting scrapped here is also increasing steeply. With this the number of threats on the health of the workers working there and the marine environment is also increasing. There is a steep increase in threats on them. Unlike other countries, India had lacks strict policies and regulations for protecting and preserving the marine environment. This leads to irreversible harm on the surrounding flora and fauna as well as the health of the laborer’s. Indian coasts have coral reefs and due to the unregulated practice of ship breaking activity, the coral reef of the coast has vanished and destroyed completely. It is having serious impacts on the marine life. Alang has now become the storage of toxic wastes, radioactive elements, poisonous gases and waste, unusable oil which have now entered into the marine food chain and and are also affecting the health of the workers working there. The laborer’s work in dilapidated condition with least safety measures and poor health care facilities.

Ship Breaking Yard at Alang, Gujarat

EXISTING SHIP RECYCLING CAPACITY OF ALANG

Currently the ship breaking yard has 153 plots or ship breaking yards on 10 kilometer long coast in Bhavnagar District of the state. Out of these 131 plots practice ship breaking activities and just 80 plots have ships for breaking. So, 48 per cent of the ship breaking capacity is laying idle in the site. In the year 2011 -12, 415 ships with a total 3.85 million Light Displacement Tonnage (LDT or weight of a vessel without fuel, cargo, etc.) came to the site and the capacity of the site was almost full. And after that there was a decrease in the number of ships coming. In 2021, only 199 ships came to the site.

In this entire process of ship breaking, there are numerous factors and aspects which are not being considered and are neglected. The protection of health, safety and sanitation of the workers is not considered, the negative impacts of the practice on the marine ecosystem and the surrounding environment is not being considered properly and the potential threats on the flora and fauna are not considered properly. Some of the regulations and rights of the workers which are being violated are:

  1. Violation of Legal Frameworks for Adequate Health Facilities: One of the major problems in the ship breaking site is the absence of proper health care facilities for the workers. The region as 2 hospitals only which are under staffed and don’t possess necessary health care infrastructure for treating fatal emergencies. There is no ambulance facility in the area as well. Regulations Violated: the International Labor Organization (ILO) guideline of 2003, which outlined detailed provisions for the safety and health of workers in ship-breaking industries etc.
  2. Violation of Regulations provided for secured employment of laborer’s: The ship breaking yard of Alang is labor intensive and does not use modern technologies like China and Japan. Thousands of people migrants migrate from different parts of the state (especially Odisha, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar etc.) to Alang Sosiya for getting employment but there is no employment security here. A number of workers are Alang Sosiya Ship Breaking YARD (ASSBY) have also said that there is a always a delay in payment of wages and they do not receive any financial benefits as laid down by different labor laws of India. The workers are not even paid for extra work on Sundays and when they are on leave. Regulations Violated: The Workmen’s Compensation Act 1923; the Payment of Wages Act 1936; the Factories Act 1948; the Employees’ State Insurance (ESI) Act 1948; The Minimum Wages Act 1948; the Employees’ Provident Funds Act 1952; the Payment of Bonus Act 1965 etc.
  3. Absence of database providing details of migrant workers: The District Authority does not maintain any database regarding the number of migrant workers working in the ship – breaking yard. Regulations Violated: Chapter II of the Inter-State Migrant Workmen (Regulation of Employment and Conditions of Service) Act, 1979, specifies that the state government shall appoint a registering officer for the purpose of registering interstate migrant workmen. Ship-breaking industries continue to recruit migrant workers without registering under this Inter-State Migrant Workmen Act.

COMMON TRAIT OF EVERY HIGH-ACHIEVER

The world we live in is fast and busy. We always have new content to consume, new information to process, and new decisions to make. But even if the world demands us to make quick choices, sometimes being patient and still is the best thing, that can be pretty hard. However, sometimes, patience will help us reach success.

If you are just learning a new skill, you need to be patient and give yourself time to practice and improve. You won’t become good enough tomorrow and, if you try to use it, it might backfire.

Don’t hurry things along – they need to take their own time and happen when the moment is right.

Patience alone is not enough to achieve success. However, without it, you will be hard pressed to achieve anything at all.
Good things take time. You need to work hard and wait for the results to show themselves.

Patience can give you the strength to hold on even when things are tough. It allows you to remember that everything is temporary and wait the storm out.

Patience allows you to wait until your work shows its results. It prevents you from premature decisions and rash behaviors that can hurt your chances for success.

Just be still and observe and you might notice a lot more than you would have expected. Taking some time before acting can allow you to recognize new solutions and prevent you from doing a harmful thing.

Patience brings its rewards in every aspect of our lives. It can truly work wonders.

Even if the world is loud and fast, slow yourself down. Be patient and be still and see what changes within you. See what you can recognize when you allow yourself to just watch and wait.

Patience is essential for any kind of success, as nothing happens overnight. Reap the benefits by allowing yourself to wait and let things happen at the right time, without forcing them to occur.

RECIPES TO PROMOTE WEIGHT LOSS (DESI-VERSION)

Our diet plays a crucial role in the process of weight loss and having a well-balanced diet and some mind-full eating in regulated portions is always the key for healthy and fit body. It might not be as difficult as it may sound if you start with a little patience and consistency. Sometimes a Subtle tweak here and there in diet is absolutely fine!

Here are few recipes which works out for weight loss journey

TURMERIC TEA

Turmeric consists of a powerful ingredient called as ‘curcumin’ which basically is the main active ingredient in turmeric that aids in cutting down the body fat. ‘Curcumin’ plays a major role to help suppress the fat but it does not fully absorb in the body. To make absorption work other ingredients such as black pepper is made use of. Therefore, this detoxifying drink makes the body light as well as helps cut down the excess fat if used regularly.

Recipe link:-  https://yummyindiankitchen.com/turmeric-tea-recipe-for-weight-loss/#how-does-it-help-in-belly-fat-loss

OATS KHICHDI

India’s favorite comfort food made into a high-protein, healthy one! Brimming with the goodness of oats, moong dal, carrot, green peas, tomatoes, chilies and olive oil, this hearty bowl of khichdi is sure to leave you healthy, happy and satiated

Recipe link :   https://food.ndtv.com/recipe-oats-khichdi-951242

FENUGREEK SOUP

Fenugreek seeds are rich source for vitamins, minerals and poly-nutrients .It is also rich in vital vitamins such as thiamine, pyridoxine, vitamin A , vitamin C and other essential nutrients for optimum health.

Recipe link : https://simpleindianrecipes.com/Home/FenugreekSproutsSoup.aspx

CARAMEL MAKHNA

Makhanas are popularly known as lotus seeds, fox nuts, Euryale ferox, gorgon nuts and phool makhana. It’s actually the puffed lotus seeds or the puffed fox nuts that has high nutritional and medicinal values

Recipe link :- https://www.indianveggiedelight.com/caramel-makhana-recipe/

Remember to always fill your plate with good amount of veggies, greens and fruits. Drink loads of water and buttermilk. If possible take a 20-30 min walk or jog because it speeds up the process of weight loss.

THE LYRIC

Introduction:

The Lyric is the most delightful and pleasing form of poetry. It is generally subjective. Lyric poetry, in its original meaning, was poetry composed to be sung to the accompaniment of a lyre. The lyre was a simple Greek musical instrument. The Greek idea of the lyric suggests its intimate connection with music.

A lyric is defined as a poem that Expresses a single emotion. Over elaboration of emotion results in the loss of effectiveness. So a lyric is generally short. In a lyric the quality of emotion is important. It must embody emotion and it must impress us by the sincerity of its utterance. The language and imagery of a lyric must be characterized by beauty, propriety, and harmony.

Personal poetry touches almost all aspects of experience. As a result, there are various types of lyric poetry such as the love lyric, the lyric of patriotism, the lyrics of religious emotion, the lyric of joy, and so on. The essence of a lyric is the personality of a poet, the majority of the world’s good lyrics express also what is typically human. The reader finds in them the expression of experiences that he can share with the poet. The reader finds this experience in the poetry of Keats, Shelley, and the metaphysical poets like Donne and Marvell

In lyric poetry, the poet is occupied with himself. His thoughts, feelings, and emotions constitute the subject matter of his lyric. The lyric becomes a mirror to his personality. Even the titles of poems are no indication as to their themes. “Ode to a Nightingale” and “An ode to a skylark” are not about birds. In highly composite poetry it is difficult to distinguish between subjective and objective. So it is generally said that the Epic, The ballad and dramatic poetry are objective and lyric is subjective. Some forms of lyrics lead us to meditative and philosophic modes as in them the elements of thought and reflection or dominant.

Another trait of a lyric is its unity. A lyric is self-contained and everything in it it is related to the central idea or emotion. So there is hardly any place for descriptions or elaborations in a lyric. Since the lyric is a unified experience, generally, it is not very long. Edgar Allen Poe said, “a long poem does not exist” this is true of a lyric.

It is difficult to identify the I in a lyric poem. Through the poet express his own emotions and feelings, they are also universal. Thus, Wordsworth Tintern Abbey lines or Milton’s Sonnet on his blindness, express universal emotion. Most of the Elizabethan songs, poems of the metaphysical like Donne and the short poems and the dramatic monologues of Browning and Tennyson come under the category of lyric.

Three parts of Lyric:

Structurally, a lyric can be divided into three parts.

Motive:

The first is the motive. It states the emotion and comprises the first few lines. The motive is the sudden provocation for the poet to compose. It may be Nightingale’s song as in the case of kids are the song of reaper girl as in the case of Wordsworth. The motive is only an excuse for the poet to express his own emotions and feelings.

Statements:

The second part of the lyric consists of the poet’s emotions and feelings. These may be termed as statements. In “the ode to the west wind” Shelley muses over evolution. In “The Ode to Nightingale” Keats meditates over the weariness of life and the ease of death.

Conclusion:

The third part of the lyric is the conclusion that comes when the emotions subside. It is a conclusion, reflection, or resolution. Keats reflects on beauty at the end of the famous Ode on a Grecian urn” Herrick reflects on the fragility of beauty and power of death towards the close of “To blossoms”.

Much of the beauty of a lyric depends on its expression. So the poet has to choose words and their arrangements with great care. The combination of lines, rhyme scheme, and rhythm are important. Each stanza should correspond to the mood expressed. Smoothness or hardness of the words, slowness or rapidity of the movements, alliteration, rhyme, rhythm, melody, and even some irregularities get hold upon the reader’s imagination and intensify his enjoyment of the lyric. Every lyric poet must be conscious of this fact.

What is a short story?

Traits of an Epic

Self-employment Vs Job Vs Profession- What to choose

The corporate world is not limited to jobs only. A person can go for a profession or get self employed as well. Of course, jobs are offered by companies who were once started by a person as a form of self employment/business.

We should never lower our standards or under-estimate ourselves during difficult situations and complexities. Only those who believe in themselves achieve big things so it is necessary that you identify yourself and follow the way of your life be it a job or profession or a business. Nothing is impossible.

Job

Everyone knows what a job is. There are more people applying for jobs than setting up own businesses. The enrollments are ever increasing but the positions are however, limited.

People apply for jobs since they provide a secured return and environment for growth. Incentives are provided over and above salaries and what to say about the government jobs! Most aspirants are found applying to the government jobs only, since they assure reliefs and pension to the employees besides good salary and incentives. Those who wish to play safe generally opt for jobs. However, people of identified and advanced capabilities also opt for jobs in big companies to earn high with their talent and knowledge not being wasted. There are a variety of jobs in a single field which supports individual interest along with providing a platform for skill enhancement and personality development. The working hours are usually fixed for a job and the work load often comes with stress and dissatisfaction at lower levels of operation of a business. Timely completion of work is a necessity when you work under the superiors. The tasks you are assigned with should be done accordingly. There are restrictions related to holidays as well.

Profession

When a person gets specialized in any specific field, he/she can join the profession. You lay your own rules and work according to your convenience while in a profession. This doesn’t mean that you can have free holidays and whatever salary you wish. It means that you have choice of work. A professional is valued and given certain discretions at work in respect of their achievement. A professional worker will always find a place suited to him/her by virtue of its demand and value in the corporate sector. There are opportunities for further growth as well. The more the professionalism, the higher it is valued.

Lawyers, doctors, CA and CS are some examples. Their pay is high; based on the experience and knowledge they hold. One has to do hard work and study to be a professional worker and earn good opportunities to work for.

Self-employed

A self employed person is who starts his own business/venture. It involves great risk for business. A doctor opening his clinic or a teacher starting his tuition classes also come under the category of self employed. A self employed person is his own master and has his own rules but which should be in accordance with laws of the land. It requires planning and execution abilities to start own business. It is not everyone’s cup of tea. You need to be an all-rounder to initiate a plan and manage the workings successfully. Earnings are surely good once everything settles and your costs get covered. Yes, investment is required for it and you must be creative to design a perfect strategy to tackle the competitions.

Based on the capability of a person, choices can be made between the above three. No work is less valued as you require to be hard working and a dedicated and determined person to handle the complexities in each of them. There is need for more dynamic and variety of businesses to start in order to meet the ever increasing demand for employment.

Importance of Exercise

Exercise is basically any physical activity that we perform on a repetitive basis for relaxing our body and taking away all the mental stress. It is important to do regular exercise. When you do this on a daily basis, you become fit both physically and mentally. Moreover, not exercising daily can make a person susceptible to different diseases. Thus, just like eating food daily, we must also exercise daily. The importance of exercise essay will throw more light on it. People who are obese or overweight during their early life, they are more likely to be obese as adult. So, it is important to exercise during childhood and adolescent. It is important to exercise.

Importance of Exercise

  1. Exercising is most essential for proper health and fitness. Moreover, it is essential for every sphere of life. Especially today’s youth need to exercise more than ever. It is because the junk food they consume every day can hamper their quality of life.
  2. If you are not healthy, you cannot lead a happy life and won’t be able to contribute to the expansion of society. Thus, one needs to exercise to beat all these problems. But, it is not just about the youth but also about every member of the society.
  3. These days, physical activities take places in colleges more than often. The professionals are called to the campus for organizing physical exercises. Thus, it is a great opportunity for everyone who wishes to do it.
  4. Just like exercise is important for college kids, it is also essential for office workers. The desk job requires the person to sit at the desk for long hours without breaks. This gives rise to a very unhealthy lifestyle.
  5. They get a limited amount of exercise as they just sit all day then come back home and sleep. Therefore, it is essential to exercise to adopt a healthy lifestyle that can also prevent any damaging diseases.

Benefits of Exercise

  1. Exercise has a lot of benefits in today’s world. First of all, it helps in maintaining your weight. Moreover, it also helps you reduce weight if you are overweight. It is because you burn calories when you exercise.
  2. Further, it helps in developing your muscles. Thus, the rate of your body will increases which helps to burn calories. Moreover, it also helps in improving the oxygen level and blood flow of the body.
  3. When you exercise daily, your brain cells will release frequently. This helps in producing cells in the hippocampus. Moreover, it is the part of the brain which helps to learn and control memory.
  4. The concentration level in your body will improve which will ultimately lower the danger of disease like Alzheimer’s. In addition, you can also reduce the strain on your heart through exercise. Finally, it controls the blood sugar levels of your body so it helps to prevent or delay diabetes.

Conclusion

In order to live life healthily, it is essential to exercise for mental and physical development. Thus, exercise is important for the overall growth of a person. It is essential to maintain a balance between work, rest and activities. So, make sure to exercise daily. Body:

Exercise is basically any physical activity that we perform on a repetitive basis for The AI generated a suggestion that was flagged as potentially unsafe. Please adjust your content before generating again.

Health problems in India

India is a developing county where we are still developing in different fields of life. One of the most important field is health . In health department, India has many loopholes and problems which we face a lot of time and with growing population at a very fast rate that is putting an immense pressure on health care system as as well as natural resources.

The level of health in India is very low also due to large degree of morbidity and mortality. The reason of these are lack of proper environment and sanitation , improper facility, and many other reasons .And these conditions have become even more worse due to poverty, illiteracy and superstitions in our country.

Different health problems in India

  1. Due to food and water borne diseases:- Many diseases are transmitted from person to person due to contaminated food and water. some diseases due to this are Diarrhoea , typhoid , dysentery etc. These diseases are very common in placers where there is lack of water supply regularly. In very rural areas in India, people have no facilitites of water purifiers or aqua gaurds . They drink direct water from handpumps and other places but this water is contaminated with harmful mineral.

2. Air borne diseases : This is another kind of reason of many dangerous diseases. Some diseases can be transmitted through the air we inhale. some diseases due to this transmission are common cold ,influenza, pneumonia. The most recent disease is none other than COVID-19.

3. diseases due to poor housing: Many health problems causes due to living in unhealthy conditions and overcrowded places. Due to which they does not get sufficient sunlight, safe drinking water and basic requirements of healthy life style. These problems may lead to Cholera, typhoid and tuberculosis.

4. Diseases Through insects :- lack of cleanliness may result in houseflies , mosquitos and other insects which may cause diseases like dengue, malaria, filariasis and many other harmful diseases.

5. Diseases due to population : – Population plays a very big role in health problems. diseases that are air- borne, water and also soil population are largely occur in crowded cities and towns.

6 .Due to lack of medical facilities: This is one of the biggest reason of poor health problems in India. Lack of medical facilities in rural, small and remote area always creates big health problems .India has been struggling with weak infrastructure with lack of well equipped hospitals and facilities. In India, we also have a shortage of doctors and nurses in many hospitals especially in rural areas, where maximum population of India lives. The doctor to population ratio in India is just 1 : 1456.( source of data : https://www.deccanherald.com/business/budget-2020/the-doctor-population-ratio-in-india-is-11456-against-who-recommendation-800034.html) . It means there is not even 1 doctor for every 1000 people in India. Our medical facilities was exposed again when COVID-19 ‘s second wave came.

These were some types of health issues that are very common in India. Some of them we cannot control but some are in our control but due to our mistakes, carelessness and bad habits, these diseases are able to go into our body and cause serious health issues. so we have to be very serious for our health.

Woh Din

When you are wasting another important year of your life but this time it’s isn’t your fault.

Now it’s been more than a year, the students haven’t seen the colleges and schools, even some of the students are now gonna start their second year in colleges but still they don’t even know how their college campus look like. It is the most hurtful thing that we are spending our most beautiful years of life like this, infront of the laptop and smartphone screens. When the lockdown started I was studying in first year and now I’m third year engineering student, I still don’t know how my classroom, classmates and faculty members look like in real life.

The “Woh Din” which were supposed to filled with joy, happiness, fun with friends and lots of travel are ending with “ Am I audible? Yes sir”. In this lockdown many students suffered and some are still suffering from stress, anxiety and demotivation, besides some are just enjoying it like holidays. Lockdown and the online mode education is pretty nice, just enjoy your time with family, learn new things and many more, until then, the thoughts of future knocks at the door.

While the students are struggling to learn through online mode, the teachers and the colleges are mostly focusing on how they can complete the syllabus as early as possible, teachers are also want to help the students and they are doing their best from their side but everything have some advantages and disadvantages like this, online education also have it’s own disadvantages and advantages.

First we thought that the world is testing our patience but, even the nicest person has it’s limit and now we all have had enough of this, we are too young to dealing with all this but we haven’t given up, but now we really want our college life back, those cafeteria talks, waiting for your friends in parking lot, computer lab fun, bunking class and hanging out with your friends, campus rides and many more.

Now we all are going to complete 2 years, while fighting against this covid19 situation and online mode, in this period we all have experienced a lot of good and bad things like, the time we spent with our family. Similarly, we all struggled with lack of oxygen cylinders, hospital beds and most important is FOOD and after all this time we want is to end this “ Mask-World ”. Hope it will really end very soon and we all will get our old life back with No-Mask and the colleges will start soon, hope the world will come to it’s oldself very soon. But until then please give mental support to them who are suffering from depression and those who are tested covid positive.

And last but not the least please stay home and don’t worry this time also will pass very soon.

Take care.

 

 

 

Bailment

Section 148 defines the terms ‘bailment’, ‘bailor’ and ‘bailee’.

A bailment is the delivery of goods by one person to another for some purpose upon a contract that they shall when the purpose is accomplished be returned or otherwise disposed of according to directions of the person delivering them. The person delivering the goods is called the bailor and the person to whom the goods are delivered is called the bailee.

Essentials of Bailment

1.Delivery of the goods for some purpose

2.Return of the goods after the purpose is achieved, or their disposal according to the bailor’s directions.

Kinds of Bailment

  1. Gratuitous Bailment: In gratuitous bailment it is without any consideration for benefit of bailor or bailee.
  2. Non-Gratuitous Bailment: Benefit for both bailor and bailee. Also known as bailment for reward.
  3. Bailment for benefit of bailor: Bailor delivers his goods to bailee for safe custody without any benefit or reward.
  4. Bailment for benefit of bailee: Bailor delivers his goods to a bailee without any benefit for his own use.
  5. Bailment for benefit of bailor and bailee: It is beneficial for both i.e. bailor and bailee.

Duty of Bailor

Section 150 mentions the following duty of bailor in respect of the goods bailed by him:

  1. The bailor is bound to disclose the faults to the bailee in the goods bailed, of which the bailor is aware and materially interfere with the use of them, or expose the bailee to extraordinary risks; and if he does not make such disclosure, he is responsible for the damage arising to bailee directly from such faults.
  2. If the goods are bailed for hire, the bailor is responsible for such damage, whether he was or was not aware of the existence of such fault in the goods bailed.

Duties of Bailee

  1. Duty to take reasonable care of the goods bailed (Section 151 and 152).
  2. Duty not to make unauthorised use of the goods bailed (Section 153 and 154).
  3. Duty not to mix the bailor’s goods with his own goods ( Section 155,156,157).
  4. Duty to return the goods on fulfillment of the purpose (Section 160,161 and 165,166,167).
  5. Duty to deliver to the bailor increase or profit on the goods bailed (Section 163).

Nature of Partnership

When two or more persons join hands to set up a business and share its profits and losses it is called Partnership. Section 4 of the Indian Partnership Act 1932 defines partnership as the ‘relation between persons who have agreed to share the profits of a business carried on by all or any of them acting for all’.

Partners are the persons who have entered into partnership individually with one another. Partners collectively are called ‘firm’. The essential features of the partnership are as follows:

Two or More Persons:
There should be at least two persons coming together to form the partnership for a common goal. In other words, the minimum number of partners in a partnership firm can be two.
Indian Partnership Act, 1932 has put no limitations on maximum numbers of partners in a firm. But however, Indian Companies Act, 2013 puts a limit on a number of the partners in a firm as follow:
1.For Banking Business, Partners must be less than or equal to 10.
2.For Any Other Business, Partners must be less than or equal to 20.
3.If the number of partners exceeds the limits, the partnership becomes illegal.

Agreement
The partnership is an agreement between two or more persons who decided to do business and share its profits and losses. To have a legal relationship between the partners, the partnership agreement becomes the basis. The agreement can be in written form or oral form. An oral agreement is equally valid. But, preferably the partners should have a written agreement, in order to avoid disputes in future.

Business
To carry on some business there should be an agreement. Mere co-ownership of a property does not amount to the partnership. The business must also be legal in nature, a partnership to carry out illegal business is not valid.

Mutual Agency
The business of a partnership firm may be carried on by all the partners or any of them acting for all. This statement has two important implications. First, to participate in the conduct of the affairs of its business, every partner is entitled. Second that a relationship of mutual agency between all the partners exists.
For all the other partners, each partner carrying on the business is the principal as well as the agent. He can bind other partners by his acts. And also is bound by the acts of other partners with regard to the business of the firm.

Sharing of Profit
The agreement between partners must be to share profits and losses of a business. Sharing of profits and losses is important. The partnership is not for the purpose of some charitable activity.

Liability of Partnership
Each partner is liable jointly with all the other partners. And also when is a partner, severally liable to the third party for all the acts done by the firm. Liability of the partner is not limited. This implies that for paying off the firm’s debts, his private assets can also be used.

Partnership Deed
Agreement to carry on a business between the partners, partnership comes into existence. The partnership agreement can be either oral or written. The Partnership Act does not require that the agreement must be in writing. But when the agreement is in written form, it is called ‘Partnership Deed’. Partnership deed should be duly signed by the partners, stamped & registered.

Partnership deed generally contains the following details:
1)Names and Addresses of the firm and its main business;
2)Names and Addresses of all partners;
3)A contribution of the amount of capital by each partner;
4)The accounting period of the firm;
5)The date of commencement of partnership;
6)Rules regarding an operation of Bank Accounts;
7)Profit and loss sharing ratio;
8)The rate of interest on capital, loan, drawings, etc;
9)Mode of auditor’s appointment, if any;
10)Salaries, commission, etc, if payable to any partner;
11)The rights, duties, and liabilities of each partner;
12)Treatment of loss arising out of insolvency of one or more partners;
13)Settlement of accounts on the dissolution of the firm;
14)Method of a settlement of disputes among the partners;
15)Rules to be followed in case of admission, retirement, a death of a partner; and
16)Any other matter relating to the conduct of business. Normally, all the matters affecting the relationship of partners amongst themselves are covered in partnership deed.

Termination Of Agency

Introduction

In a contract of agency, a person appoints another to act on his behalf with the third party it is called ‘Agency’. According to Section 183 of the said Act, Principal must be competent to contract. Any person may be an agent (Section 184). According to Section 185, in the contract of agency, consideration is not necessary. Termination of agency means putting an end to the legal relationship between principal and agent. Section 201 to 210 of the Indian Contract Act 1872 lay down the provision relating to the termination of Agency.

As above said termination of agency means putting end to the legal relationship between principal and agent. Section 201 to 210 of the Indian Contract Act 1872 lay down the provision relating to the termination of Agency.

Section 201, Indian Contract Act 1872 provides for termination of an agency –

An agency is terminated by the principal revoking his authority, or by the agent renouncing the business of the agency; or by the business of the agency being completed; or by either the principal or agent dying or becoming of unsound mind; or by the principal being adjudicated an insolvent under the provisions of any Act for the time being in force for the relief of insolvent debtors.

Agency may be terminated two ways –
1) By the Act of the Parties
2) By Operation of Law

1) By the act of the parties –
i) By agreement – The Contract of Agency can be terminated at any time by mutual agreement between the principal and agent.
ii) By revocation of the principal – The Principal revoke agency at any time by giving notice to the agent.
iii) By Renunciation of an agent – Renunciation which means withdrawing from responsibility as Agent. Like Principal, Agent can also renounce the agency. According to Section 206 of the Indian Contract Act 1872, the agent must give to his Principal reasonable notice of renunciation. Otherwise, he will be liable to make good for the damage caused to the principal for want of such notice.

2) By operation of law –
Agency can be terminated by operation of law-
i) By the completion of agency – Agency can become to an end after the completion of work for which the agency is created.
ii) By expiry of the time – Agency can also be terminated by the expiry of time. if the agency is created for the specific period, it is terminated after the expiry of the time.
iii) Death or insanity of principal or agent – Section 209 of the Indian Contract Act 1872 imposes an agent, duty to terminate the contract of agency on the death of the principal. In other words, Agency comes to an end on the death or insanity of the principal or agent.
iv) Insolvency of principal – According to Section 201 of the Indian Contract Act 1872, an insolvent or bankrupt is a person who is unable to run the business due to Excess of liabilities over assets. In this way, if the principal becomes an insolvent agency can be terminated.
v) Destruction of the subject matter – If this subject matter of the agency is destroyed agency comes to an end.
For example – Any agency is created for sale of an Airplane if the Airplane caught fire before the sale the agency comes to an end. In this contract Airplane is the subject matter.
vi) Principal becoming an alien enemy – If the Principal becomes an alien enemy the contract of agency comes to an end. vii) Dissolution of company or firm – A Firm or company may be regarded as a Principal in the contract of Agency. If the company or firm is dissolved the agency comes to an end.

Relationship between Principal agent and sub agent

Relationship between principal agent and sub-agent depends on the question whether the agent has an authority to appoint sub-agent and whether the sub-agent is properly appointed.
If then sub-agent is properly appointed:
1) The principal is bound by and responsible for the acts of a sub agent;
2) the agent is responsible to the principal for the acts of the sub-agent;
3) the sub agent is responsible for his acts to the agent, but not to the principal except in case of fraud or willful wrong.

It is of interest to observe clause (3) above. Sub-agent is responsible and accountable to the agent and not to the principal by clause (1). Principal is liable for acts of the sub-agent if he is properly appointed. Sub-agent is not responsible to the principal because there is no privity of contract between the principal and sub agent. It is case of fraud or willful wrong that the principal can proceed against the sub-agent. Principal can, however, against the agent for acts of a sub-agent. As far as the rights of a third party are concerned, he can enforce the wrongs of a sub-agent on the principal if the sub-agent is properly appointed. Principal is therefore liable for acts of the sub-agents if he is properly appointed.

If the sub-agent is not properly appointed: Where an agent has appointed a person to act as sub agent without having authority to do so, the principal shall not be deemed to be represented or responsible for the acts of the sub-agent so employed, nor is such a sub-agent responsible to the principal. The agent is responsible for the acts of such a sub- agent both to the principal and to third persons.

Sub-agent is said to be improperly appointed where agent delegates his powers without authority from the principal or where none of the circumstances stated above exist which necessitate appointment of a sub agent.

It will be observed that where a sub-agent is not properly appointed, the liability of agent is also towards third parties. As a rule, we have seen that an agent is responsible to the principal and it is the principal who is responsible for the acts of his agent to the third party. However, the section throws additional liability on the agent where he has improperly appointed a sub-agent. Agent stands liable to the third party for the acts of a sub-agent.

Termination of sub-agent’s authority: (Sec 210) Lastly it must be noted that the termination of the authority of an agent causes the termination of the authority of all sub-agents appointed by him

Liabilities of principal, agent and sub-agent: The agent is responsible to the principal for the acts of a sub-agent and the sub-agent is responsible for his acts to the agent but not the principal, except in cases of fraud and willful wrong.

Where an agent improperly appoints a sub-agent, the agent is responsible for his acts both to the principal and to third parties. The principal in such cases is not responsible for the acts of the sub-agent nor is the sub-agent responsible to the principal. But where a sub-agent is properly appointed, the principal as regards third person, is represented by the sub-agent, and is bound by and responsible for his acts, as if he were an agent originally appointed by the principal.

Where an agent under an express or implied authority has named another person to act for the principal, such a person is not a sub-agent, but an agent of the principal. There is no liability on the agent appointing him provided the agent so appointing exercises discretion as a man of ordinary prudence would exercise is his own case (Sec 194 & 195). Such an agent is called a substitute agent.


4 Most Sought After Fields in Germany

German education standards are pretty high. Germany is known for the quality of education it provides as well as its globally recognized qualifications. German universities are highly regarded worldwide, besides being among the highest-ranked in the world.

Planning to study in Germany? Here are the four most popular courses to study there!

Engineering

Every student in the world who wants to do Engineering, for them Germany is like a dream country, all of them wants to complete their Engineering in Germany.

Of course you saw this coming, didn’t you? if you didn’t, where do you think most of your luxury cars are made? Comprising nearly 25% of international students, it is one of most popular courses in Germany. Specializations include – Automobile, mechanical and electrical engineering amongst others. Technical University of Munich, RWTH Aachen University, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, and the Technical University of Berlin are some of the most renowned universities for this course. 

It takes more or less than 4.5 or 5.5 years to complete your Engineering program in Germany including the time required for learning German and the foundation courses. According to recent statistics, Germany has the second highest number of Engineering workers among all employees in the EU. German Universities offers numerous scholarship opportunities for Engineering students, while studying Engineering in Germany you can research and collaborate with the Engineering Industry. If the student manages to secure a position in any of the public university, study in Germany is free for Indian students, just like students from other part of the world. Students just have to pay a nominal semester fee (around 250 to 500 Euros) per semester        

Humanities

Surprised to see this on the list? Well, Germany offers around 6000 courses in the field of humanities. With some of the best- ranked universities in the world for courses in the Humanities. more than 11,000 international students in Germany were seeking a degree in the humanities, in 2019 only.

A majority of the humanities degree programmes in Germany offer integrated modules which give students the opportunity to obtain the necessary practical skills, besides the theoretical ones. German universities make sure to provide students with both, theoretical and practical skills, in order to ensure that once these students graduate, they will be fully equipped to enter the job market with confidence. Humanities programmes will comprise of professionally related events, study semesters abroad, as well as research projects or internships so students understand exactly what they will encounter in the future, in their professions. Students can also choose from a variety of combinations, which further enhances the experience.  There are many best universities where you can purse your love for languages and the social sciences in Germany. Studying the humanities in Germany, in comparison to other countries, slightly more affordable.

Business and Finance

Boasting of one of the best economies in Europe, Germany is one of the best countries to earn a degree in Business and finance and gain practical knowledge. The strong German economy means a constant influx of educated workers – including many English speakers, who are highly sought in Frankfurt’s finance and business communities. The nation’s GDP has continued to grow in recent years. Economic freedom is partly responsible for why the city has become a seedbed for innovation and entrepreneurial initiative. According to Eurostat, amongst the 28 countries in the European Union more than 40% of all patents are held by Germany. Half of the cities in top-30 metropolitan areas for patents are in Germany.

Germany also has one of the lowest unemployment rates at just over 5%. Germany is a global leader in R & D investment that further assures access to top – notch training and resources.

Computer sciences and Mathematics

Due to Germany’s extremely advanced technology, disciplines intertwined with it are always in demand. Germany is an excellent place to work as a computer engineer, as it’s companies invest heavily in development and research, maintaining the country’s results as the biggest economy in Europe and the third in the world. In a 2015 OECD/PISA study, Germany ranked 16th in mathematics as well as in science.

In turn, the employability rate for careers related to these degrees is also extremely high. Once again, these aren’t restricted to these, one can explore course like Scientific computing, knowledge – Based Systems and robotics among other!

Parenting and their types

Introduction:
Parenting is a way of parents understanding and learning about their children’s needs, emotional and psychological and physical ability. This does not have exclusivity to biological parents. It is the process of raising children in a healthy and loving environment where they have the space to grow and learn more about themselves and their needs. When children are raised properly, they learn to give back to the society and turn out to be good citizens. The type of parenting a child receives is very important as that determines what kind of person the child is going to grow up to be. The four types of parenting styles are: Authoritarian parenting, Authoritative parenting, Permissive parenting and Uninvolved parenting.


• Authoritarian Parenting:
Authoritarian parenting is when the parents are controlling and strict and they give very little freedom to their children. These parents are more focus on setting rules and regulations for their children rather than understanding them and their feelings. They always focus on how success is important and following the rules and listening to the parents is important. We can see very less self esteem in the children brought up with this kind of parenting as it gives children very little room to think for themselves and learn from their mistakes as their parents control every aspect of their life.


• Authoritative Parenting:
Authoritative parenting is much better way to bring up children compared to Authoritarian parenting as in this the parents show both strictness and warmth towards their children. Even though the parents write a few rules and regulations that children are supposed to follow, they are also given their own time and space to think about what they want to do and if it’s the right way to go forward with. Your children get to make their own decisions while having their parents support. We can see children with most self esteem compared to children who were brought up with authoritarian style of parenting.


• Permissive Parenting:
In the style of parenting the parents are caring and not showing but also not strict with rules and regulations. We can see a good relationship between the parents and children. The children are free to think for themselves and make their own decisions but they also learn to take responsibilities for their actions. Here, parents have low expectations and children show poor self control as they need to make all the decisions and some children might not adapt to this quickly. We can also see how children who grew up with this style of parenting have relationship problems in the future.


• Uninvolved Parenting:
This style of parenting is where the parents are not involved in the lives of their children. They think that just by providing them basic needs such as food, shelter etc, they have done their duty and they do not need to think about anything else anymore. There is no discipline strategy or any rules. The children are just left on their own to tackle the world. They are not given any ideas or strategies to go forward with. Children have to be responsible for themselves. Here we can see the children have very low self-esteem as they don’t know what to do with their life as they have never been led by an authority before.


Conclusion:
I understand that every parent would prefer a different kind of parenting but the main point of parenting is to help your children grow and it should be done at their pace. Some kids might be quick in learning and some slow but it’s all right because if they’re taught about how things work, they might learn it quickly. Make sure to always know your children and try to understand their needs and abilities.

URBAN FLOODING: DROWNING CITIES AND INCREASING VULNERABILITY

The cities are continuously experiencing extreme flooding events which requires attention and proper solution before it gets converted to a deadly disaster. URBAN FLOODING is a chronic process which is caused due because the city landscapes fail yo absorb or manage the rainfall. Urban Flooding is separate and different from coastal and riverine flooding and are more frequent and localized.

What is Urban Flooding ?

Urban Flooding is the flooding happening in urban areas due to excessive runoff in urban areas and because the runoff doesn’t get managed properly. This phenomenon can be caused during heavy rainfalls as well as in small amount of rainfall. Even small amount of rain can deteriorate or cause flooding due to inadequate infrastructure and actions taken by neighborhood or city to manage the storm water, especially in impoverished, neglected and socio-economic isolated urban communities. Urban flooding has three components: (i) caused by rainfall; (ii) falls on impervious surfaces; and (iii) increases the level of local storm water drainage capacity. These components along with heavy rainfall or precipitation, climate change, outdated drainage infrastructure and storm water management infrastructures and increased urbanization can cause major challenge and disaster in urban areas. Urban Flooding is caused due to the climate change and extreme weather conditions of the cities. The phenomenon becomes more and more frequent and common in urban areas these days. While untimely heave rains can be seen as a consequence of climate change, the urban flooding can be seen as the consequence of unplanned urbanization.

URBAN FLOODING

Urban Flooding in India

The rate of urban flooding has been increasing in India and it is severely affecting the major cities. Some of the most disastrous urban flooding were found in Mumbai (2005), Kolkata (2007), Delhi (2009), Bangalore (2015) and Hyderabad (2020) the most recent doubt. Flooding in India is mostly found in its peak in monsoons seasons and many times when the storm surges at coastal cities urban flooding is caused. There are many other causes of urban flooding also, like failure to release water from dams, increasing proportion of built up area etc. In addition to these causes, Urban Heat Island effect has also resulted in an increase in rainfall over urban areas. Global climate changes results in extreme weather patterns and increased incidences of heavy rainfall occurring over shorter periods of time. This phenomenon is also increasing sea level and threatening all the coastal cities.

URBAN FLOODING IN INDIA
URBAN FLOODING IN NEW DELHI, INDIA

Factors behind Urban Flooding

There are number of factors behind the phenomenon and some of the major factors behind this phenomenon are

  1. Inadequate Drainage Facilities: There are many cities in the country who are relying on age old drainage systems which are efficient in carrying the rainfall when heave rainfall happens. These drains don’t have adequate capacity for carrying them.
  2. Alteration of Natural Drains: Cities have been built and developed by flattening the natural terrain and altering and manipulating the natural drainage routes.
  3. Increasing Imperviousness and Reducing Seepage: With increasing urbanization, the proportion of impervious areas is also increasing. With this the seepage of rainwater decreases and leads to flooding.
  4. Encroachment over Natural Spaces: The developments are encroaching the green spaces, water bodies, open spaces etc. which are natural areas and have the ability to seep water.
HOW URBANIZATION CAUSES URBAN FLOODING
HOW INCREASING BUILT UP AREA CAUSE URBAN FLOODING ?

With the increasing rate of urbanization the capacity of natural drains has decreases and results in flooding. Improper solid waste disposal and dumping of construction debris into the drains which also contributes significantly to the reduction in capacity of the natural drains. This problem will keep on increasing with increasing population because the demand of living spaces and infrastructures are met by encroaching over floodplains and green spaces. Hence, it is important to manage and regulate the developmental works taking place in the city.