Category: News

Comprehensive, up-to-date news coverage, aggregated from sources all over the world by EduindexNews.

Impact of pre and post industrial policies on Aviation Industry

The methodology of reforms introduced in India in July 1991
introduced a combination of macroeconomic adjustment and structural adjustment.
It was directed by short term targets and long haul targets. 

                                                                   

                                                       

Adjustments were important
in the short run to re-establish balance of payments and to control inflation.
Simultaneously, changing the design of institutions themselves through reforms
was equally significant according to long haul perspective.

                                                                 

 The new government
moved earnestly to carry out a program of macroeconomic adjustment through fiscal
correction. Other than this, underlying changes were started in the field of trade,
industry and the public area.

Impact
of pre and post industrial policies on Aviation Industry

Impact
of Pre 1991 industrial policies on Aviation



According to tradechakra, Aviation Industry in India started in 1912 when the
first flight took off from Karachi to Delhi. 
Indian State Air Services initiated this industry, in partnership with
Imperial Airways UK. But the real initiation for Aviation Industry In India was
in 1932 when Mr. JRD Tata started Tata Airline. In 1946 Tata Airlines was
renamed as Air India.

Nine air transport companies transporting both cargo and passenger traffic
belonged to India after the Independence.  All the existing airline assets were
nationalized by the Indian Government in 1953. 

The main move towards Liberalization was started in 1986 when private
aircrafts were allowed to begin charter and non- booked administrations to all
approved air terminals under the Air Taxi Scheme.


They were likewise allowed to settle on their own choices
regarding fares and schedules. A significant stage towards Liberalization
was in 1990 when India started an open sky strategy for freight which gave
authorization to foreign aircrafts to run freight trips without limitations and
to charge rate without being constrained by Director General of Civil Aviation
(DGCA).


Catering domestic market was assigned to Indian Airline and
International sector was looked after by Air India. Indian Airline and Air
India both enjoyed monopoly over the Indian skies. However, like any other
industry, this industry also suffered from certain limitations pre 1991
industrial policies.
                                                                              


 The services provided was poor, there was frequent delay
in flights and   travelers had to face innumerous hardships
frequently. But the scenario changed post 1991 policies. 

Impact
of Post 1991 industrial policies on Aviation



                                                                  

Post 1991 , after the introduction of new industrial policies,  unprecedented growth for both domestic and
foreign passenger sector was witnessed by aviation industry. According to
tradechakra, “ the monopoly of Indian Airlines and Air India over the Indian
skies came to an end”. The substantial growth in the Aviation industry post 1991
was due to:


  • The entry of private players, increased
    competition ensured better services were provided to the customer.
  • The landscape of the aviation industry
    changed by the  entry of low-cost
    carriers like Deccan, Spice jet, Go Air. According to tradechakra “the no
    off first time fliers in both urban and rural India increased dramatically”.

 

In 1994 Air Corporation act was passed. With the
introduction of the act, private service organizations could now perform both
booked and non-planned administrations in the domestic sector with no restrictions
on the size or type of airplane.

However, to ensure traveler’s wellbeing,
security etc, legitimate development of air transport benefits and defeating
infrastructural imperatives in numerous air terminals were required. Government
gave authorization for expansion to capacity depending on increase in air
traffic gauge.

In 1994-95, government allowed
straightforwardly to import aeronautics turbine fuel (ATF). In 1997-98 to take
the course of liberalization above and beyond, foreign equity participation and
 cooperation up to 40 percent (100
percent for NRI’s) was permitted in the domestic airline segment. Yet,
International service providers couldn’t take stakes either straightforwardly
or by implication without endorsement from DGCA.

Government Initiative To Promote Aviation
Industry :

•        FDI
in Air Transport Services (Domestic Airlines) has gone up from 40% to 49
percent. NRI’s and Persons Of Indian Origin (PIO) have been permitted 100 %
FDI.

•        Private
Service suppliers with five years’ involvement with homegrown area and having fleet
size of twenty airplanes were offered permit to work in International routes. Jet
Airways and Kingfisher aircrafts have begun to operate in International
destinations.




•        The
airplane rules were modified to guarantee and ensure that the Aviation business
stays up with international norms and improvements.

•        Air
India and Indian Airlines were converged to make them more proficient.

•        Greenfield
air terminals at Bangalore and Hyderabad were finished and Delhi and Mumbai air
terminals were rebuilt.


Passage Of Low Cost Carriers (LCC)

The LCC development in India was as Low Price
Tags, Apex Fares, Internet Auctions, Bulk Purchases and Last Day Fares. The
justification for the development of LCC is:


 .          Low Entry Barrier

•        Attraction
Of Foreign Shores

•        Increased
Permitted Foreign Equity

•        Rising
Income Levels And Demographic Profile.

•        High
load proficiency.

•        Operations
to remote areas.

•        Low
cost and Low Frill plan of action.

•        Staff
strength was kept to a base(minimum).

•        Operations
to adjoining nations like Sri Lanka.

•        Successfully
infiltrating the rising working class and first time fliers.

 

Forecasts which were made during that period:



•        The
Center For Asia Pacific Aviation (CAPA) has anticipated that homegrown traffic
will increment by 25 to 30 percent till 2010 and International traffic
development by 15% by 2010.

•        By
2020, 400 million Indian travelers are probably going to be flying and Indian
air terminals would deal with in excess of 100 million travelers.

•        The
Aviation industry must be made prepared regarding foreign carriers  particularly from the Middle East. The
profitability of the aircraft operators in India were eroded due to global
meltdown and decrease in air travel caused by terrorist activities.

MEANING AND TYPES OF EATING DISORDERS

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) recognizes Eating Disorders as a serious mental health condition characterized by unhealthy dietary habits and an obsession with body image, weight and food. This can affect any gender but women have a higher risk of getting affected.

SYMPTOMS

  • Avoiding meals
  • Often checking oneself in the mirror
  • Self isolation. Not interacting with people where food is involved
  • Keeping a check on calories, carbs and content of food eaten
  • Often feeling tiresome
  • Episodes of fainting or feeling dizzy
  • Sudden increase or decrease in body weight
  • Low immunity

Causes

  • Low self esteem
  • Facing other mental disorders such as Depression, Anxiety, O.C.D, etc
  • Impulsivity
  • Strongly following a particular thinking
  • Experience of traumatic events such as bullying or peer pressure in the past
  • Body image dissatisfaction

TYPES OF EATING DISORDERS

PICA

It is a disorder characterized by craving and consumption of non-food materials. It is mostly found to affect children and pregnant women. Common cravings include chalk, clay, ice chips, glue, soap, etc. People suffering from PICA are found to have nutritional deficiency, stomach pain and damaged teeth. The most common causes may include autism, malnourishment, schizophrenia or pregnancy. Advice of a trained medical practitioner is essential to treat this disorder. A doctor may advice the patient to consume Vitamin supplements if the disorder is caused due to Vitamin deficiency. For a person suffering from other mental health disorders including Pica, the doctor may evaluate him/her accordingly and prescribe psychological therapy. For people having intellectual problems, Pica may last throughout their term of life, while for pregnant women and children, it may fade over a couple of months with accurate treatment.

ANOREXIA NERVOSA

This disorder leads people to obsessively think about their body weight and often see themselves as bulky. Patients follow self starvation and keep a high control over what they consume in order to lose as much weight as possible. They often end up having a life threatening low BMI (body mass index). They follow an intake of medicines and induce puking in order to minimise the calories. It is a complex emotionally stressful condition showing behaviors such as following an extreme exercise routine, constantly weighing themselves, paranoid thinking about weight gain, limiting the consumption of meals, feeling anxious or depressed and social isolation. Low confidence, experience of tragic events, societal pressure, etc may contribute in occurrence of Anorexia Nervosa. Medication, counselling with the family and peer, mineral supplements, dietary advice, cognitive behavioral therapy can help resolve the causative factors of Anorexia Nervosa.

NIGHT EATING SYNDROME

According to this syndrome, patients awaken during the nocturnal period and consume food for a period of more than twice a week. It can affect people from all genders. Night eating episodes or excess consumption of food after having an evening meal is associated with NES. It is quite similar to binge eating, wherein a person is unable to control the urge to eat a large amount of food in a short time span. Symptoms include consumption of more calories in the evening, lack of appetite in the morning, skipping breakfast for more than four mornings a week, misinterpretation that eating in such a manner will induce a better sleep, dull mood, etc. Treatment comprises of physiological methods such as maintenance of a healthy sleep habit, consumption of a healthy diet, gaining emotional support, regularly exercising . Application of other strategies like preventing a response to cravings, self monitoring and increasing consumption of food in the daytime is proven helpful.

ORTHOREXIA NERVOSA

People suffering from this disorder have a mania to ingest only healthy and pure food. This disorder makes the desire to eat the right kind of food so intense that, if one consumes unhealthy or imperfect kind of food, they end up fasting or punishing themselves for it. People suffering from it, will often find themselves surfing through food research sites, convincing themselves that the food they have eaten up was pure, being wary of sickness, fearing to eat food served at unknown places or by unknown people over the thoughts that it might not be according to their set standards, etc. This disorder may be a product of consumption of intoxicants, traumatic childhood dietary illness, fear of a developing a disease, etc.

Along with the above mentioned eating disorders, there are numerous other related disorders. According to statistical research, about 70 million people across the globe are diagnosed with an eating disorder once in their lifetime. Among these approximately 10,200 people die annually, due to an eating disorder. It erodes personal relationships, causes psychological stress and major physical complications. Hence, we can conclude that suffering from any eating disorder disrupts day to day living and thus needs a timely diagnosis, medical intervention and treatment.

Yoga an Ancient way of Modern Living

Yoga an ancient Indian practice of balancing your body and mind. This is the actual modern way of living as in the stressful life we have forgot in the mean essence of life. Yoga helps us to be fit mentally as well as physically.

Now the whole world has realised the power of yoga. Even the UN has announced 21st june as the international yoga day. Now the whole world is doing yoga and are actually paralyzing the benefits of it.

It is scientifically proven that doing yoga helps you to calm your blood pressure, anxiety, stress and is capable of curing any diseases if done in right manner. It makes your body more flexible and yoga is actually a way of living.

It is really proud moment for India as an Indian ancient practice is now valued in the whole world and is given the Prestige which it deserves. One of the best thing of doing yoga is that it doesn’t have any side effect. Anyone can do it it doesn’t need any prior fitness or anything you can start with simple yoga.

Just if you introduce your car in your daily routine even for 15 minutes it will really give good benefits to your health which you will realise. Yoga has actually become a modern science. So if you are doing yoga please do it on a regular basis and if you are not doing your please start doing it as it has really very good effects on your mental as well as Physical health.

Gandhi Jayanti

2nd October, Gandhi Jayanti ,a date which needs no introduction. Father of our nation Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi was born on this day. He was one of the strongest pillar for India during in struggle for freedom from British era.

He was very different from other freedom fighters. He believed in the concept of nonviolence and self sufficiency. His personality has impressed many leaders around the world like Martin Luther King Jr, Nelson Mandela, Einstein and even the Britishers one of those.

He was a gentleman who gained law degree in London and came back to the India and I was so touched by the living conditions of the people here that he decided to be one of them. He wore a dhoti and thin cloth on upper body.

He was a man of principle, in his aashram he did all of his work on his own and teach the same lesson to his followers. He was a tiny man but having a great speed. He walked miles on his foot that too with great speed, matching his speed was not easy.

He always live for his countrymen and tried to solve their problems and dedicated whole of his life for the country. He fought the fight of freedom with never compromising his principles. That’s the reason he was given the title of ‘Father of India’.

WHY IS PLANNING IMPORTANT IN BUSINESS?

 Planning is
a major part of the business. In fact, it is the first and foremost step by the
organization towards the achievement of their goal. In terms of business, it
basically refers to the process of setting up of objectives in a given time period
and analyzing all of the alternatives possible to achieve those objectives and
then finally, choosing the correct method to do so.

We can tell
by its definition itself that it is a crucial part of the business that cannot
be ignored. Let’s understand in detail exactly how important planning actually
is from a business’ perspective.

 

1.PROVIDES
DIRECTION

If we have
already stated in advance that what our objectives are and how the work is
supposed to be done, then it will provide a direction to us. Planning makes
sure that all the objectives are clear so that everybody knows what action is
to be taken and in which direction. All the employees are aware what the
organization has to achieve and what they must do in order to complete those
achievements. If there won’t be any planning done beforehand, the employs would
be confused and will work in different directions which would lead to nothing
but chaos.

 

2.REDUCES
UNCERTAINITY

Planning is
an activity that allows the organization to look ahead and anticipate the
uncertain events and risks that may take place. If we have a plan in advance,
there are less chances of the organization facing a loss in an uncertain event.
Therefore, planning anticipates the future risks and develops possible
solutions for it beforehand. Although it must be noted that planning only
anticipates the upcoming risks and does not eliminate them. So, it won’t help
you to avoid those problems but will provide a way to make sure you are
affected the least.

 

3.REDUCES
USELESS ACTIVITIES

Planning
makes sure that each and every department in the organization knows their goal
and the employs know what they are doing. There is a clarity in thoughts and
actions of everyone which helps to carry out the operations smoothly without
any confusion. Due to this, there is very low chances of redundant activities
taking place and wasting the time and resources. It becomes easier to detect
the inefficient work and eliminate them.

 

4.PROMOTES
CREATIVE IDEAS

Planning is
all about thinking in advance about what to do and how to do it and therefore,
new innovative and creative ideas can take place and provide everyone with a
solid plan. It is closely linked to creativity.

 

5.HELPS IN
DECSIONS

It helps the
organization to look ahead and gives them a chance to protect themselves
against the uncertain events and prepare with an action plan for it. For this,
one must choose the correct plan from among the various possible alternatives
available. Here, they must look and evaluate both, the positive as well as the negative
aspects of all the alternative choices because they need to select the one
which is the most feasible and profitable. Therefore, planning helps in making
efficient and fully developed decisions.

 

 

Instagram Business And Its Secrets

World is a five letter word holding entire adventures within it. Instagram is just another world and it is flourishing as one of the top social media platforms. A gallery of smiles, luxurious outings, good moments and pretentious good moments of a million of people, the application also serves as the stage for every artist and talent in the hidden alleys by provided them the boost to come out and display their capabilities and business potential.
The application, often criticized for its contribution to building up toxic body images, beauty standards, luxurious fantasies, toxic egoism, teen inferiority complex and social media addiction is undoubtedly filled with positivity if one tries to find it in the right places.

How did instagram became a brewing pot of new businesses?

During first few months of the covid outbreak, the shopping industry had suffered a huge loss. Offline shopping was out of reach and non essential items were barred from delivery. The online applications served the needs of the people and therefore, in the absence of any other option, online platforms became the only choice for the consumers.
However, this later became a more permanent and prevalent trend with the gradual relaxation on the non essential items. With the huge choices of options available for the people, going out was not being missed. Low prices, new items, discounts and quick delivery made it convenient for almost every household to manage their expenses.

When all of it was happening, somewhere in each home, social media platforms became the major source of social interaction. Online classes,webinars,video calls, vent posts, counseling, support, emotion and mental health management campaigns were on their peak (and still are). The main shift which occurred was rooted to one main cause. If social interaction, counseling could be carried out on social media, then why not shopping?!
Instagram business owners are well aware of how diverse and creative the instagram is as a potential business platform. The creative minds used the time to present an entire online bazaar for the users with the most unique, well designed and fresh items.
According to a research conducted by Statistica,14% of the people had to say that their choice of product was only available online which made them choose online over offline.

Instagram is an application which is often used by the people to derive inspiration and ideas . People follow celebrities and influencers for their styles, writers for their writings, artists for their art, designers for their unique designs, stationary addicts for their journal decoration, interior decorators for their work and the list goes on. Instagram runs on visually rich, aesthetic, luxurious, attractive and satisfying images. Every shopping site runs on this visual satisfaction but however, the trend has been going on in instagram not long after its launch.

How Can A Business Establish Itself On Instagram?

•Whenever anyone scrolls through google to search for instagram business tactics, VISUALLY AESTHETIC IMAGES, pops up on the lists without fail. The more creative your post is, the more audience you get. Instagram is all about the glitters and what makes the businesses successful is that, they turn the glitters into gold. Catchy quotes, glimpse of your products, interesting information on it and right editing can make wonders the business owner.
If the person is aware of how much demand his product can receive on the platform, he will be presenting it in best way possible.
For example: If a person wants to start with a customized clothing business, he has to be aware of the trending styles and material. Satin dresses, for example, are doing rounds all over instagram



•Interaction is another key. Unlike typical online shopping websites where the product is all which matters, instagram users have a keen interest on knowing more about a business owner. Especially if the business is a unique handmade business of any sort . The more reels and posts you make displaying the process of making products, packaging or even having causal conversations by going live, increases your chances of gaining a bigger audience. Interacting with people in the comment section and sending direct messages to new followers, asking them to check out your page are some other good options.

• #Hashtags. The right hashtags help you to reach your targeted audience on instagram.



•Consistency Is The Key to the business growth. It applies to everything we do in life afterall. Online businesses have grown so large in numbers that the competition is unimaginable. If you have the good product, someone has a better product of the same kind. If you have great ideas, someone has greater ideas and consistent actions to make it known to the people. But, how will you survive in this race? Its simple. Its consistency. Know your ideas and work on it everyday. If you have no new collection, interact with your audience or just share a picture of your work space. Consistency on your balance of ideas and actions make success a reality . Dedicating time to your business everyday assists you largely in the growth of your online business.

Instagram is often perceived with a cynical perspective due to sharp difference in reality and the visuals which are presented on the platform. Most of the people undoubtedly try to be the perfectionist in order to sell their ideas or themselves in exchange of likes, followers and views. However, everything can be utilized if a positive approach is adopted towards it. Same goes for instagram.

DU Cut Off List 2021 : Top colleges seek 100% marks for 10 courses

DU 1st Cut Off List 2021, Delhi University UG Admissions Cut Off List Live Updates: Based on the cut-off students will now have to select courses and colleges they are eligible for at du.ac.in and fill options.Delhi University UG Admission Cut Off Live Updates: The University of Delhi (DU) today released the first-cut off list for undergraduate (UG) courses. Aspirants can check the course-wise cut-offs for different colleges at du.ac.in.

The cut-offs this year are as high as 100 per cent in many colleges for various courses. This year, over 70,000 students have scored more than 95 per cent in CBSE class 12 board exams this time. Based on the cut-off students will now have to select courses and colleges they are eligible for at du.ac.in and fill options.

The admission process against the first list will be completed on October 8, which will be the last date for candidates to make their payments. The entire admission process will be conducted online.

While the first cut-off list will be released on October 1, candidates can begin applying for admission to colleges against this list between October 4 and October 6, and colleges have to complete approvals for these admissions before October 7 evening.

Last year, the first cut-off had gone as high as 100 per cent. Lady Shri Ram College for Women offered admission to BA (H) Economics, BA (H) Political Science, and BA (H) Psychology programmes to students who got 100 per cent as their best of four subjects score.

DEMON SLAYER SEASON 2 IS HERE !!

The much awaited season 2 of Kimetsu No yaiba or Demon slayer is finally set to arrive on December 5th 2021, but before the anime returns it will get a brief revisit of the Mugen train Arc which will be split into 7 episodes airing from October 10th with a complete original first episode , new cuts and background score which focuses on the story of Rengoku Kyojuro aka the flame hashira. This set of new episodes will not exactly be what viewers already saw in Mugen train movie but rather will try to seamlessly connect the bridge between season 1 and season 2. As for Demon slayer’s actual new season, it will start off with an hour long special episode, which would premiere on 5th December. The season would start with manga’s Entertainment District Arc, which will introduce the series’ latest major Demon Daki.

If you haven’t already watched the Mugen train movie, it is available on online streaming platforms like Hulu, Crunchyroll and Funimation and the season 1 is available on netflix It is yet to be known which online platform would stream season 2 .

MARKETING AND ITS TYPES

Marketing is any activity undertaken by an individual or a firm consisting of a set of processes such as creation, communication, delivery, and exchange of goods or services that have value to the clients, customers and the society as a whole. Pursuits such as conceptualization, promotion and exchange of ideas aid in satisfying the needs of the clientele. Marketing of an existing or new product or service is essential for mass awareness, maintaining brand credibility, building trust among the buyers and ultimately to increase sales. Marketing can be done through varied methods as per the requirements and convenience of a firm.

TRADITIONAL MARKETING

It is among the oldest marketing strategies followed across the world. The success rate in this type of a marketing strategy is higher as it has been tried and tested for a number of years. This includes all offline marketing strategies which help to reach out to the target audience. It may be in the form of pamphlets, bill boards, posters, FM- radio, newspapers, etc.

For Example – The footwear market is lead by brands such as Nike, Adidas, Puma, Sketchers, etc. Consumers often get attracted by looking at the advertisements of these brands on the front page of newspapers, magazines or over bill boards as well.

INFLUENCER MARKETING

Individuals having a multitude of followers are asked to endorse a product over their channel/website for a decided amount of commission fee. These influencers make use of their fame and status to market that particular brand or product to their target audience. This technique certainly helps to boost sales as a known famous person recommends a company’s product/service and it does increase the visibility of that brand.

For instance – Allen Solly employed this strategy by leading the campaign of #shootforsolly. They invited over 20 influencers to market their new product – Chinos. These influencers were asked to pair Allen Solly Chinos alongside a tee of their choice and participate in a photoshoot. This technique helped the brand reach over about 3.2 million impressions.

AFFINITY MARKETING

It’s a Win-Win situation for both the brands engaging into this type of a marketing strategy. Expansion of the business through a partnership (co-branding), wherein two related brands get along and sell their product is known as affinity marketing. This approach helps satisfy the needs of the end users in a greater manner.

For instance – Taco bell (a popular fast-food chain) got along with Doritos (brand selling flavoured tortilla chips) to offer a merged food preparation called as Doritos Locos Tacos. These two brands made it to a 500 million sales mark over a period of just 14 months.

BUZZ MARKETING

It is a marketing tactic wherein brands intentionally create videos, advertisements, bill-boards that are comical, funny, outrageous or controversial. It is a unique marketing strategy to get your brand to become the talk of the town. It intends to create excitement and enthusiastic anticipation among the people.

For instance – AMUL, an Indian dairy product brand, published a cartoon picture advertisement depicting a Chinese Dragon. The picture said, “Exit the Dragon?” Public took this advertisement as an endorsement of ‘Aatmanirbhar Bharat’ and ‘Boycott of goods made in China’. This particular endorsement made rounds on the Internet.

SOCIAL MEDIA MARKETING

We live in the times where, more than one person from every family is active on Social Media sites such as Instagram, Facebook, Twitter, YouTube, so on and so forth. Thus, marketeers take it into consideration that posting content on social media sites will definitely boost sale. In the Covid-19 Pandemic, brand endorsers looked at social media as a boon, as they could reach out to their potential clients through online modes.

For instance – Dettol (a British brand producing cleaning supplies and disinfectants), launched their Dettol Anthem on YouTube in India during the pandemic. This fetched many views, likes and also lead to a boost in their sales. The Anthem says, ‘Mil Ke Harayenge’ ( English Translation – Together we will defeat it).

Marketing is one of the most exciting branches of a business. With the changing times, even the marketing strategies are blooming and undergoing a change. Along with meeting the organization’s set targets even customer satisfaction is greatly taken care of. With a global exchange of ideas and technology the methods of marketing are evolving and will reach greater heights in the upcoming years.

POVERTY ALLEVIATION PROGRAMS

 There is no
denying that poverty is one of the major problems in the country. Almost 68.8%
of the population lives below the poverty line and are not able to fulfill their
basic necessities of life. The question is, what is the government’s take on this?
What are their initiatives to cure this problem?

The
government has always given a major heed to the poverty alleviation programs
initiated by them. They started these programs with an aim to create more and
more self-employment and wage-employment in the country so the there is a clear
reduction in the poverty percentage. Therefore, these types of programs were
categorized into two different types.

 

SELF-EMPLOYMENT
PROGRAMS

 

1.RURAL
EMPLOYEMENT GENERATION PROGRAM

Initiated –
1993

Objective –
to create more self-employment opportunities in the rural sectors. It was
implemented by the khadi and the village committee.

 

2.PRIME
MINISTER ROZGAR YOJNA

Initiated –
October 1993

Objective –
to create more self-employment as well as wage-employment opportunities for the
educated unemployed from the local families.

 

3.PRIME
MINISTER EMPLOYMENT GENERATION PROGRAM

Initiated –
14 August 2008

Objective –
to create more self-employment opportunities

 

4.SWARNAJAYANTI
SHAHRI ROZGAR YOJNA

Initiated –
1 December 1997

Objective –
it was a centrally sponsored scheme in the ratio of 75:25 between the state and
the central government with an aim to create more self and wage employment
opportunities.

 

5.SWARNAJAYANTI
GRAM SWAROZGAR YOJNA

Initiated –
1 April 1999

Objective – to
create the availability of subsidies and micro-enterprises in the rural area
that will increase the self-employment opportunities.

Programs
merged under this – Integrated Rural Development Program (IRDP), Training of
Rural Youth for Self Employment (TRYSEM), Development of Women and Children in
Rural Areas (DWCA), Ganga Kalyan Yojna (GKY) and Million Wells Scheme (MWS).

 

WAGE
EMPLOYEMENT PROGRAMS

 

1.SAMPURNA
GRAMEEN ROZGAR YOJNA

Initiated –
25 September 2001

Objective –
to use more of labor-intensive technology where the mode of payment was either
cash or food grains.

 

2.NATIONAL
FOOD FOR WORK PROGRAM

Initiated –
14 November 2004

Objective –
to create supplementary wage-employment opportunities which was implemented in
150 backward districts for people living below the poverty line.

 

3.MAHATMA
GANDHI NATIONAL RURAL EMPLOYMENT GENERATION ACT (MNREGA)

Initiated –
2005

Objective –
to create more wage employment in the country by providing guaranteed 100 days
of wage employment.

 

OTHER
PROGRAMS

 

1.NATIONAL
SOCIAL ASSISTANCE PROGRAM

Initiated –
15 August 1995

Objective –
to support the widowed, aged and disabled people who do not have any source of
income with them.

 

2.PRADHAN
MANTRI JANDHAN YOJNA

Initiated –
2014

Objective –
it opened a bank account for all the households and offered various banking
services with an aim to promote the habit of savings in them.

 

About that Author and her books: Sarah J. Maas

The queen of YA fantasy world, author of numerous books, including the throne of glass novellas, the renowned A Court Of Thorns And Roses series(ACOTAR), Crescent City, etc. all of which are ACTUALLY New York Times bestsellers, this 35 year-old author from New York, has created works that are read all over the world and loved incomparably. She currently lives in Pennsylvania with her husband Josh, her son Taran and her dog Annie. she first wrote her novel throne of glass when she was just 16, which turned out to be her debut novel when published after almost a decade. Though after writing several chapters of the novel, which was then titled queen of glass, she put it up on fictionpress.com, and got much adoration for it.

A wild spirit, Sarah continued writing the throne of glass series, which was then purchased by Bloomsbury, and published its last novel, kingdom of ash in 2018.

Her second set of novellas is A court of thorns and roses series( my personal favorite) which is inspired by the story of Beauty and the beast( also my favorite), first written in the year of 2009 but wasn’t published until 2015. the last book of this series was just published in early 2021, in the united states and some more countries. It is expected to be a virtual series on Hulu.

Her third novel, a TOME would be a more appropriate word for it, is the Crescent City series, who’s first book, house of earth and blood was published in 2018, and the publishing of the second book was just announced yesterday! (which is how I got the idea to write about her) It is publishing on February 22, 2022. I can’t wait!

Now comes the brief introduction to each of her novellas( while NOT giving the spoilers… I guess *winks awkwardly*)

A COURT OF THORNS AND ROSES

This a story of a huntress, a fierce, strong and bold huntress. involving Fae creatures, romance, wars and what not, this book will give you chills every time you read it. though, honestly speaking, the words mate, grinned and purred are used rather extensively, if you really get into the plot, you wont even notice it! it is that good.

CRESCENT CITY

Chronicles of a girl, a valiant girl named Bryce Quinlan, and a boy, a dark but kind boy named Hunt Athalar and the adventures they face for love. Though being a massive, gigantic tome, if you’re anything like me, I am sure you’ll read it in less than 4 days if you really get into the story. There is still an extensive use of the words grin, purr, and a rather peculiar way to write ‘hel’, but regardless of all of this, I love this book to death. memento mori, and read it now!

THRONE OF GLASS

a story about Calaena Sardothien, an assassin, a person whom everyone fears, Throne of glass series is Perfect for anybody who likes a Dark Romance kinda vibe. I am truthfully not the right person to descript this book as I am still on the fourth one, but, up till now, it is GOOD, so good. I would suggest you to read it with my utter heart.

Maladaptive Daydreaming

Daydreaming is our break from reality. We all have our own imaginary situations going on in our mind. Who doesn’t like to wander and take a break from reality. But, what If you were unable to live in the reality due to your daydreaming? What If your escape found no route back to the real world? That is what Maladaptive Daydreaming is all about.

What is Maladaptive Daydreaming?

Maladaptive Daydreaming is a condition where the person is unable to touch his feet to the ground(reality) due to his feet touching a consolidated and intense imaginary ground.
The common observable symptoms are as follows:

•Escaping the reality by making up an alternate world and living in it for hours.
•Well structured plots with defined storyline and settings
•Lasts for several minutes to several hours.
•Withdrawal from social activities and relationships due to the extensive and intense daydreaming.
•Trouble while focusing in everyday tasks.
•Trouble sleeping
•Daydreaming becomes an addiction where you no longer have control on it and feel empty If not engaging in it. It becomes the top priority of the day
•Talking to yourself and making faces.

What triggers the daydreams?

•Real life events
•conversation topic
•movie
•noise or smell

Why some people may resort to it unknowingly?

Intense daydreaming may act as a coping strategy. A person who is tired of his daily mundane lifestyle, traumatic past or present, may find daydreaming as a comfort zone rather than a mere temporary escape.
During Covid 19 lockdown many people experienced something similar due to the elimination of interactions and activities from their lives.

How Is it different from daydreaming?

•Daydreaming acts as an temporary escape. It is rather a pleasant experience whenever the reality goes harsh on us.
Maladaptive Daydreaming is rather creating one’s own comfort zone in an imaginative alternate reality and withdrawing from reality

• Daydreams are usually about pleasant scenarios or our imaginary future.
Maladaptive Daydreaming can be pleasant too. However, it also involves well defined plots about control,power,sex,rescue.

•Daydreams start and end in our minds. It just makes us feel happy.
Maladaptive Daydreaming may be accompanied by movements, talking to oneself and facial expressions. The person gets deeply involved in his alternate reality.

Is Maladaptive Daydreaming considered as a disorder?

Maladaptive Daydreaming was first defined in 2002 and is not yet recognized in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5).

Does Maladaptive Daydreaming has a treatment?

There is no official treatment method for Maladaptive Daydreaming. There is no method to diagnose it either. However,Somer developed the Maladaptive Daydreaming Scale (MDS) which helps to determine if a person is experiencing Maladaptive Daydreaming.
Maladaptive Daydreaming is often diagnosed as Schizophrenia in which a person is unable to differentiate fantasy from reality.

What are the effects of Maladaptive Daydreaming?

Though a person indulges in extensive fantasizing to protect himself from anxiety, trauma, depression or obsessive compulsive disorder, however,it may lead to negative effects on one’s emotions, social life and mental well being. Some of the effects are as follows:

•Emotional Distress. After daydreaming so extensively one may feel emotionally worse due to their energy and concentration being highly invested in a reality which yields nothing and is above all, imaginary.

•It is common among people suffered from Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and may lead the person to suffer from anxiety, restlessness and attention deficiency.

•A person may spend 4.5 hours of his day engaging in intense daydreaming. Therefore, withdrawing from social activities, interactions and an active lifestyle.

• The person is unable to focus on what is going on and fails to grasp responsibilities,tasks,and studies. They may find it tiring and draining.

However,It can be managed through living an active lifestyle, engaging in interactions and meditating to keep the urge and the anxiety at bay. The human mind is indeed a world of its own. Sometimes,we alone cannot control it. Consulting a psychologist and talking about it may give us more insight into the condition.Withdrawal and Isolation may end up making the condition worse.

What is IPS restrictions

Internet Service Providers (ISPs) around the world are blocking access to websites as we speak. Some are doing it for legitimate reasons, and some because of the growing online censorship. And in some other cases, it’s not the ISP that is responsible for the blockade.

Every citizen in our country should think about that.(You all must read it)

Life is very strange, it makes us laugh and make us cry, even if it makes us love, it also teaches us to hate. Time has changed in this world and people’s thinking too, but still there are many people who do not change with time. They bring sweetness as well as bitterness to the world. Time is a matter of time, today is mine, tomorrow will be yours. If today is good, tomorrow will be bad. There is only one thing in all this, that is that we should promise ourselves. We should promise from our heart that we will face every problem without any fear.

Abdul Kalam has said - "every pain gives a lesson and every lesson changes a person"

Happiness does not come in life until we try to get it. Sadness is always with you but happiness has to be brought not happiness. Happiness is not necessary, whether there will be a big house or a lot of money, only he gets it. Happiness is what we get from every little thing. Waiting for happiness does not bring happiness, for that we have to do something in such a way that it automatically comes to us. Living life is not easy for anyone, everyone has to face many problems Maybe we just couldn’t stand it, We also get happiness by sitting in the midst of nature, we also get it by having fun with friends, we also get it by spending time with family. We also get happy seeing ourselves beautiful.

We have to find happiness only in times of troubles. For that, we just have to do this, whenever problems come, we should just do that which makes us feel good. We should keep ourselves busy so that negative vibes do not come in our mind, we remain positive and when we think positive, we get the solution of every problem. And when the problem is found, we should face it happily because we have a reason to be sad. That’s why we should do what our heart wants, we should do what can make us happy. Because the more we are afraid of the problem, the more we run away from it, the more that problem bothers us.

Hope:-

Hope is a word that holds great importance in the lives of all of us. There are many such people in our life from whom we expect that he will do this, or it will happen, or he will help us. We don’t expect from ourselves, we expect the most and so maybe we lose. Hope is the word in the life of all of us, which even shows us a way to live, and even it bothers us. The word hope is like a lamp that lights up even in the dark. We should never give up hope. Because only one hope gives us the courage to get out of all our problems. But we should not expect from others too much. We should always believe in ourselves, expect from ourselves that we can do everything right. It is not bad to expect from others, but it is wrong to leave everything on their trust, due to which we have to face troubles many times. Because expecting more from others is like lighting a lamp in the rain. Just we should not stop hoping when the problem comes, we should trust that everything will be fine. Because one hope changes our whole life, we just have to do it peacefully, we have to be happy.

  • There are many problems in everyone’s life, in today’s time everyone is going through some troubles or the other. Be it a girl or a boy, a doctor or a police, parents or a children, a teacher or a student, a leader or a public, an actor or an actress, everyone in this world has a problem. Problems will never end in the world, with time, the problems will also change and those who give problems will also We cannot change anyone, just learn to face our problem, then the problem will seem small in every time. We will definitely feel afraid, sometimes the fight will be with outsiders, sometimes with our loved ones and sometimes our fight will be with ourselves. But if we learn to face the problem happily with a true heart, then every problem will be solved. We should do whatever makes us happy. It is not necessary that the whole world will understand us, we just understand ourselves, this is enough.

What is Consumer Protection and Why it is Important?


Buyer Protection
All purchasers of products are buyers. The overall population are altogether customers of one another. Securing the interests of shoppers is principal. We will see about customer insurance in this article.


Customer Welfare
Human existence is tied in with living reliantly. Similarly as not become a timberland, so it is normal for everybody to look for the assistance of others. The primary need to endure is the food we eat. With respect to the food, its amazing quality, sensible cost and amount are fundamental.
Secure the interests of customers, from conventional little things to the most costly extravagance things. There is a bad situation for separation between low-evaluated merchandise, costly products, little merchandise, huge merchandise, customary individuals and the rich individuals. Equivalent value, quality and amount are indeed the very same since everybody purchases and sells. There is no possibility for separation. Similarly as the state has an obligation to ensure the interests of the customer, so do merchants have an ethical obligation to maintain it.

Customer Awareness
An idea has created among the country individuals, particularly the ignorant. The propensity for needing to purchase products is spreading in a business framework where one thing is purchased and another thing is free. This isn’t the correct way. Since no broker works together without benefit. That being said it isn’t adequate to say it is free.
Is the nature of an item decent? Is it useful for our wellbeing? Is it sensibly evaluated? Is legitimate weight followed? Such questions should strike a chord of a purchaser. The government assistance of the customer is appropriately kept up with just when there is mindfulness among the shoppers.


To Prevent Cheating
While making different inventive strides for the state, it ought to be completely followed. Should give full collaboration.
At the point when shoppers are influenced in any capacity, they need the boldness to quickly go against it. Buyers need to make an association inside themselves and declare their privileges. Raising buyer mindfulness about corruption and the reasonable costs of inadequate items can assist with forestalling cheating.
The fights of individuals are expanding step by step. Request is developing in like manner. Simultaneously as addressing the requirements, consider that the interests of the customer are ensured.