Freedom of Press – Article 19(1)(a) … In Romesh Thaper vs State of Madras and Brij Bhushan vs State of Delhi
The Supreme Court took it for granted the fact that the freedom of the press was an essential part of the right to freedom of speech and expression
Freedom of press is not specifically mentioned in article 19(1) (a) of the Constitution and what is mentioned there is only freedom of speech and expression. In the Constituent Assembly Debates it was made clear by Dr. Ambedkar, Chairman of the Drafting Committee, that no special mention of the freedom of press was necessary at all as the press and an an individual or a citizen were the same as far as their right of expression was concerned.
Freedom of Press –
To preserve the democratic way of life it is essential that people should have the freedom of express their feelings and to make their views known to the people at large. The press, a powerful medium of mass communication, should be free to play its role in building a strong viable society. Denial of freedom of the press to citizens would necessarily undermine the power to influence public opinion and be counter to democracy.
The framers of the Indian constitution considered freedom of the press as an essential part of the freedom of speech and expression as guaranteed in Article 19 (1) (a) of the Constitution.
Public Interest has to be safeguard by article 19(1)(2) which lays down reasonable limitations to the freedom of expression in matters affecting:
Yoga is a group of physical, mental, and spiritual practices or disciplines that originated in ancient India, aimed at controlling (‘yoking’) and stilling the mind, and recognizing the detached ‘witness-consciousness’ as untouched by the activities of the mind (Citta) and mundane suffering (Duḥkha). There are a broad variety of the schools of yoga, practices, and goalsin Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism,and traditional forms and modern methods of yoga are practiced worldwide.
There are broadly two kinds of theories on the origins of yoga. The linear model argues that yoga has Aryan origins, as reflected in the Vedic textual corpus, and influenced Buddhism; according to Crangle, this model is mainly supported by Hindu scholars. The synthesis model argues that yoga is a synthesis of indigenous, non-Aryan practices with Aryan elements; this model is favoured in western scholarship.
Yoga is first mentioned in the Rigveda and also referenced in many Upanishads. The first known formal appearance of the word “yoga”, with the same meaning as the modern term, is in the Katha Upanishad,probably composed between the fifth and third century BCE. Yoga continued to develop as a systematic study and practice during the 5th and 6th centuries BCE, in ancient India’s ascetic, and Śramaṇa movements. The most comprehensive text on Yoga, Yoga Sutras of Patanjali date to the early centuries CE, while Yoga philosophy came to be marked as one of the six orthodox philosophical schools of Hinduism in the second half of the first millennium. Hatha yoga texts began to emerge between the 9th and 11th century with origins in tantra.
The term “yoga” in the Western world often denotes a modern form of hatha yoga and a posture-based physical fitness, stress-relief and relaxation technique, consisting largely of the asanas,in contrast with traditional yoga, which focuses on meditation and release from worldly attachments. It was introduced by gurus from India, following the success of Vivekananda’s adaptation of yoga without asanas in the late 19th and early 20th centuries,who introduced the Yoga Sutras to the west. The Yoga Sutras gained prominence in the 20th century following the success of hatha yoga.
Skateboarding is an action sport originating in the United States that involves riding and performing tricks using a skateboard, as well as a recreational activity, an art form, an entertainment industry job, and a method of transportation. Skateboarding has been shaped and influenced by many skateboarders throughout the years. A 2009 report found that the skateboarding market is worth an estimated $4.8 billion in annual revenue, with 11.08 million active skateboarders in the world.In 2016, it was announced that skateboarding will be represented at the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, for both male and female teams.
Since the 1970s, skateparks have been constructed specifically for use by skateboarders, freestyle BMXers, aggressive skaters, and very recently, scooters.However, skateboarding has become controversial in areas in which the activity, although illegal, has damaged curbs, stoneworks, steps, benches, plazas, and parks.
The first skateboards started with wooden boxes, or boards, with roller skate wheels attached to the bottom. Crate scooters preceded skateboards, having a wooden crate attached to the nose (front of the board), which formed rudimentary handlebars. The boxes turned into planks, similar to the skateboard decks of today.
Skateboarding, as we know it, was probably born sometime in the late 1940s, or early 1950s,when surfers in California wanted something to do when the waves were flat. This was called “sidewalk surfing” – a new wave of surfing on the sidewalk as the sport of surfing became highly popular. No one knows who made the first board; it seems that several people came up with similar ideas at around the same time. The first manufactured skateboards were ordered by a Los Angeles, California surf shop, meant to be used by surfers in their downtime. The shop owner, Bill Richard, made a deal with the Chicago Roller Skate Company to produce sets of skate wheels, which they attached to square wooden boards. Accordingly, skateboarding was originally denoted “sidewalk surfing” and early skaters emulated surfing style and maneuvers, and performed barefoot.
By the 1960s a small number of surfing manufacturers in Southern California such as Jack’s, Kips’, Hobie, Bing’s and Makaha started building skateboards that resembled small surfboards, and assembled teams to promote their products. One of the earliest Skateboard exhibitions was sponsored by Makaha’s founder, Larry Stevenson, in 1963 and held at the Pier Avenue Junior High School in Hermosa Beach, California.Some of these same teams of skateboarders were also featured on a television show called Surf’s Up in 1964, hosted by Stan Richards, that helped promote skateboarding as something new and fun to do.
School discipline is one of the factors of good education in the country, therefore, it is necessary to train teachers to deal with their students and instill discipline at school. This issue is usually a problem for a lot of schools even in the most developed countries. Indiscipline can significantly affect the education of your child negatively, that is why you must know these top 10 causes of indiscipline in schools and how to deal with them!
Discipline in schools is a required set of rules administered to teachers and students, which they have to obey or expect to be punished for their disobedience. Discipline sets rules as guidelines and limitations for students; school rules are necessary to set up the basis of social behavior for young minds.
Most of these rules are usually established by the government. The Ministry of Education provides certain necessary guidelines to schools; the schools also have the power to set up their own rules and punishment for disobedience according to the international standards and the government’s recommendations. These rules may include dress code, timekeeping, school schedule, work ethic, social behavior and so on.
Indiscipline in schools is the violation of school rules; it is the complete opposite of discipline and it is necessary to stress that indiscipline is not welcomed in any school. Indiscipline in schools can be observed in different ways, including inside the classroom and outdoors.
The student behavior policy is the fundament for adequate education in schools, therefore, it is always necessary to analyze and investigate the causes of indiscipline.
Dusshera festive takes me down to the memory lane I began social work.It has been years I have been inclined towards social work. It was in the year 2017 when my Super Super senior and I began cooperating for social causes , it was all so new to me moreover I cherished it. I celebrated my first EEver birthday party in a Ngo called Rakshana charity and throughout my degree life I never missed treating the kids who were bought up in rakshana charity. I would bunk classes to work my ass off to take part at social causes conducted across the city cause I appreciated doing what I cherished, later I joined 2 Ngo’s furthermore a community which was meant for people who would provide services for social causes all over Bangalore.However I was so caught up with all my internships and college stuff that I couldn’t participate at ease in the community where I joined as a service provide,however the organiser reached me through a telephonic call and enquired if I was available for 6 hours to attend an exam as a scribe writer, I agreed and then I met this girl Manisha, a young lady who has visual impairment since birth known to be enthusiastic and extremely dedicated despite the fact that on the off chance that she can’t see , read, write or compose everything. All she does is think beyond practical boundaries and never to surrender. I belive she’s carrying on with an extraordinary life where ever she is. I had the best experience ever as I got a chance to help her in her tests as a scribe writer. P. S-I in a real sense missed my final Psychology practicals test just to go to her paper in addition I had to reappear(Backs) for the practicals all alone😅
"Automation applied to an inefficient operation will magnify the inefficiency"
-Bill Gates-
Disadvantages come along with the advantages.
Although automation brought about better functioning of systems, growth in the economy and developmemt of the country, the disadvantage are such that one can not gurantee the safety of build machines. The possibility of malfunction systems or incorrect informations are a great risks for share holders as one mistake could worth in terms of billions and one could end his life in bankruptcy.
Another reason is that someday, robotic designs could take over humans, snatching away the opportunity of soul workers hence leading to high unemployment rate.
Apart from those, people in the present world especially younger generations are so engrossed in technologies and advancement that they lose track of time and place. They lack sleep and interactions leaving high concern in their health. Too much is always bad.
Did you know automation gives you freedom from work?
The advancement in technology have brought a great change in every country for the past decades. Modern inventions are a revolution against Ancient techniques.
One of the greatest contribution automation has provided is in, the functioning of factories. For example, cutting 1000kgs of banana into slices would take up to 2-3days if to be performed by hands while an automatic machine would take only 2-3seconds. Let alone cutting, even pealing off the cover would require much time and effort.
It is very much essential for our daily tasks, from setting a timer for alarms or messages in Mobile phones to basic needs like washing machine. Automation enables us to perform multiple tasks smoothly.
Computer itself is a great advancement in this context. Not only that it performs tasks, it can also analyse data which most company make a great use of. It provides a system where auto generated words could be used and make better promotion in sales where plagiarism can be detected.
In the case of ATM, civilians don’t need to rush to the bank or stand in a queue to get money. They can easily draw out money by pressing few keys, thus saving time and energy.
And there is Tesla, another great innovation of mankind in the contemporary world being a successful automatic car that provides self driving mode.
If in the near future, automation could bring greater developments, perhaps we would have automatic network or wifi connection to our devices, which would be of a great help especially for the special and the old aged groups
There are different forms of violence on women, which act as threats to women’s independent identity and dignity. Forms of violence are: 1) Female foeticide & infanticide- According to a survey by British medical journal, Lancet, nearly 10 million female abortions have taken place in India in the last 20 years, which is rampant amongst the educated Indian middle class as well. There are organizations like Swanchetan, which are working towards educating & bringing awareness in people against the ghastly act.
2) Rape, sexual harassment & abuse- It acts as a deterrent to women’s freedom & perpetuates the notion that women are the weaker sex. Every 2 hours, a rape occurs somewhere in India! The recent Dec. 16 Delhi Gang rape case, shook the entire country and led to protests all across the country, setting up of Justice Verma panel & helped in the fast track judgment of the case. However rampant cases of rape of Dalit women, acid attacks, eve teasing go unnoticed. 3) Domestic violence and dowry deaths- Violence on women in the family were considered family problems and were never acknowledged as “crimes against women” until recently. It is prevalent in all classes of society. 4) Prostitution- A large number of women destitute or victims of rape who are disowned by family fall prey to prostitution forcibly. There are no governmental programs to alleviate the problem of prostitution. 5) Objectification of women- Indecent Representation of Women(Prohibition) Act, 1986 prohibits indecent representation of women through advertisements or in publications, writings, paintings etc. However a whole lot of indecent representation of women is done through literature, media, paintings etc upholding the “right to freedom of expression”.
As per World economic forum survey, India’s Global Gender Gap Index 2011 ranking is 113 out of 134 countries with neighbors like Bangladesh at 69 & China at 60. 1) Sex Ratio –Sex ratio is used to describe the number of females per 1000 of males. As per census 2011 sex ratio for India is 940 females per 1000 of males, i.e. females form a meager 47% of the total population. The State of Haryana has the lowest sex ratio in India and the figure shows a number of 877 of females to that of 1000 males while Kerala has the highest of 1084 females per 1000 males 2) Health – Studies on hospital admissions and records have shown that males get more medical care compared to girls. 2% of the female population is absolute anaemic. 12% of the female population of the country suffers from repeated pregnancy (80% of their productive life is spent in pregnancy) & lack of nutrition.
3) Literacy – The female literacy levels according to the Literacy Rate 2011 census are 65.46% where the male literacy rate is over 80%. While Kerala has the highest female literacy rate of 100% , Bihar is at the lowest with only 46.40% 4) Employment – Of the total female population 21.9% are a part of Indian workforce. Majority of women are employed in the rural areas and in agriculture. Amongst rural women workers 87% are employed in agriculture as laborers, cultivators, self employed like hawkers etc i.e in the unorganized sector which almost always remains invisible. Despite the equal remuneration Act 1976, women are paid lower wages, occupy lower skilled jobs, have less access to skill training and promotion. 5) Political status – Though India had a women Prime Minister Late Ms Indira Gandhi, women are not fairly represented in the Parliament & other State & Local bodies. With only around 9 per cent women in upper house and around 11 per cent in the lower house of parliament, India ranks 99th in the world in terms of female representation among MPs. However 73rd & 74th amendments to the constitution have ensured the participation of women in PRIs with a reservation of 1/3rd for women. Today more than 30 million women are actively participating in the political decision making process at the grass root.
“Without economic freedom other aspects of women equality would not be realized” -Jawaharlal Nehru Women’s work participation rate in general has been declining over the decades. The decline has occurred due to several factors: 1) Absence of comprehensive and rational policy for women’s emancipation through education, training and access to resources such as land, credit and technology etc. 2) The perception of male as the breadwinner of the family despite the fact that in low income households women’s income is crucial for sustenance. This perception adversely affects women’s education & training. Employers also visualize women workers as supplementary workers & also cash in on this perception to achieve their capitalistic motives by keeping the wage low for women. 3) Structural changes in the economy e.g decline in traditional rural industries or industrialization. 4) Lack of assets (land, house) in their own name in order to have access to credit and self employment opportunities 5) Huge demand
of time and energy of women for various tasks at home like child bearing and rearing etc in addition to participation in labour force leave them with little time for education, training and self development 6) Division of labour based on the gender between men and women & technological advancements work against women. They are the last to be hired and first to be sacked. 7) Govt. programs to increase employment and productivity are focused more on men & women are seen as beneficiaries rather than active participants
When a decision is made that fear, terror and violence are justified to achieve ideological, political or social change, radicalization to violent extremism occurs’ Terrorism, radicalization and extremism are subjective concepts that have different meanings for different people. Furthermore, their meanings are constantly evolving as they manifest themselves in different ways in different parts of the world, exploiting new vulnerabilities, technologies and approaches. 1.1. Terrorism ‘Terrorism is a complex and contested issue, as are the associated labels of extremism, violent extremism and radicalization’ There is no single universally accepted definition for terrorism because the concept is invariably political and cannot be framed in a manner that excludes the state. Most acceptable words to understand terrorism are ‘acts committed with the objective of seriously intimidating a population, destabilizing or destroying structures of a country or international organization or making a government abstain from performing actions’. 1.2. Extremism ‘Violent extremist ideologies have found fertile ground in fragile communities characterized by little access to development’ Extremism is generally understood as constituting views that are far from those of the majority of the population. Accordingly, one definition describes extremism as ‘activities (beliefs, attitudes, feelings, actions, strategies) of a character far removed from the ordinary’. Though this is clearly a relative term which invites disagreement regarding benchmarks, it is broadly agreed that extremist views are not necessarily illegal and do not automatically lead to violence or harm. Indeed those with extremist views, who may also choose to observe extreme practices with no impact on the civil liberties of fellow citizens, are rightly protected under fundamental freedoms and human rights norms. Extremism becomes a concern when those views threaten democratic and tolerant societal ideas, or promote the use of violence to coerce their followers or to achieve their objectives. This form of extremism is described as violent extremism, a term which remains contested, but which generally refers to the creation of ideologically motivated or justified violence, as well as support for such acts. 1.3. Radicalization ‘Radicalizer’s work by pointing to social, political and economic injustice around their followers.’ Like terrorism and violent extremism, radicalization is a contested term with various definitions. It is commonly understood, however, as the social and psychological process of incrementally experienced commitment to extremist political and religious ideologies. It does not necessarily mean that those affected will become violent. However, when a decision is made that fear, terror and violence are justified to achieve ideological, political or social change, radicalization to violent extremism occurs.
Any communication channel through which any kind of information, news, entertainment, education, data, promotional messages etc. can be disseminated is called media. Mass media refers to communication devices, which can be used to communicate and interact with a large number of audiences in different languages. Be it the pictorial messages of the early ages, or the high-technology media that are available today, mass media has become an inseparable part of our lives. Media can be broadly classified as: • Print Media (newspapers, magazines, books and Brochures, Billboards, etc.) • Electronic Media (news websites, social networking sites, mass SMS schemes, television, internet, radio, cinema etc.) • New Age Media (Mobile Phones, Computers, Internet, Electronic Books)
Where Media is Misleading? – Threat to Internal Security • Indian media does not have a wider perspective of India’s national security issues. • Indian media is in no mood to apply brakes or observe self-restraint on its wayward and insensitive treatment of national security issues. • Indian media’s (especially electronic media) analysis and over-analysis of national security issues by groups of former diplomats, generals and academia’s arm chair strategists distort national security perspectives. All these gentlemen can only draw on their outdated experience and none of them are privy to latest inputs. Also in many cases, reticence is their first casualty after retirement. • Indian TV anchors discussing national security issues do not have the political and strategic maturity to discuss national security issues as their Western counter-parts do. • Indian TV debates on national security issues tend to cut out development of contrary views and perspectives by imposing commercial breaks, or go hectoring themselves.
For a country like India, the backbone of its democracy and the propagator of its national interests remains the access to information and expression. It helps citizens to make responsible and objective choices, to promote accountability by its officials, to provide solutions to conflict resolution, and also to encourage diverse views of its diverse people. This access of information has allowed the Indian media to play the role of watchdog that holds the Government accountable in all its activities, and also functions as the only mode of expression for its people.
The role of media in a democracy like India, therefore, can be summed up as to: • Inform and educate people objectively, impartially and in an unbiased manner about security threats and challenges • Unbiased reporting with the restraints of self regulations • Promotion of the principles of healthy democracy • Respect for the Constitutional Provisions • To build a bridge between people and governments at the national level • Uphold fairness, justice, national unity and international cooperation • Inform, educate, entertain, publicize and most importantly correct the excesses in any society. • Highlight the trouble spots in the society and press the government and public to devise suitable mechanisms to eliminate them • Shape the perceptions of government, influence public opinion, promote democracy, good governance as well as influence peoples’ behavior and support people- oriented policies Following the globalization, the responsibilities of media have also widened. It has to play a role for preserving and pursuing the national interests of the state and highlighting its perspective along with the global issues. It has to examine the conduct of international relations and again to highlight the trouble spot at global level in lieu of global security.
“The internet is the largest experiment involving anarchy in history. (…) It is a source for tremendous good and potentially dreadful evil, and we are only just beginning to witness its impact on the world stage.”
Eric Schmidt, Executive Chairman, Google and Jared Cohen, Director, Google Ideas
As per Information Technology Act, 2000, “Cyber security means protecting information, equipment, devices computer, computer resource, communication device and information stored therein from unauthorized access, use, disclosure, disruption, modification or destruction.”
1.1. Cyberspace India’s Cyber Security Policy 2013 defines cyberspace as a complex environment comprising interaction between people, software and services, supported by worldwide distribution of information and communication technology devices and networks.
1.2. Cyber threats Cyber threats can be disaggregated into four baskets based on the perpetrators and their motives – Cyber Espionage, Cyber Crime, Cyber Terrorism, Cyber Warfare. 1.2.1. Cyber Crime/ Cyber Attacks Cyber-attack is “any type of offensive maneuver employed by individuals or whole organizations that targets computer information systems, infrastructures, computer networks with an intention to damage or destroy targeted computer network or system.” These attacks can be labeled either as Cyber-campaign, Cyber-warfare or Cyber-terrorism depending upon the context, scale and severity of attacks. Cyber-attacks can range from installing spyware on a PC to attempts to destroy the critical infrastructure of entire nations. 1.2.2. Cyber terrorism Acts of Terrorism related to cyber space or act of terrorism executed using Cyber technologies is popularly known as ‘cyber terrorism’. “Cyber terrorism is the convergence of terrorism and cyber space. It is generally understood to mean unlawful attacks and threats of attacks against computers, networks, and information stored therein when done to intimidate or coerce a government or its people in furtherance of political or social objectives, Further, to qualify as cyber terrorism, an attack should result in violence against persons or property or at least cause enough harm to generate fear, Serious attacks against critical infrastructures could be acts of cyber terrorism depending upon their impact.” It should be noted here that if they create panic by attacking critical systems/infrastructure, there is no need for it to lead to violence. In fact such attacks can be more dangerous. Besides, terrorists also use cyberspace for purposes like planning terrorist attacks, recruiting sympathizers, communication purposes, command and control, spreading propaganda in form of malicious content online to brain wash, funding purposes etc. It is also used as a new arena for attacks in pursuit of the terrorists’ political and social objectives.
Cyber Security has assumed strategic and critical importance because of following reasons: • Cyberspace has become key component in the formulation and execution of public policies. • It is used by government to process and store sensitive and critical data which if compromised can have devastating impact. • Taking down cyberspace will result into disruption of many critical public services like railways, defense systems, communication system, banking and other financial system etc. • Several states are developing the capabilities in the area of cyber attacks which can alter outcomes in the battlefield. • Individuals are using internet based services at a growing pace making them vulnerable to cybercrimes, such as- online bank frauds, surveillance, profiling, violation of privacy etc.
Government has taken a number of steps to acquire and increase capacity in the field of cyber security. Some of which are discussed below.
National Cybersecurity Policy 2013
Information Technology Act 2000 (As Amended in 2008)
Known Mysterious Incident About“the queen of crime” except her famous novels.
Born in Torquay in 1890, Agatha Christie became, and remains, the best-selling novelist of all time.
She is best known for her 66 detective novels and 14 short story collections, as well as the world’s longest-running play – The Mousetrap. Her books have sold over a billion copies in the English language and a billion in translation.
Agatha Christie is one of the greats of mystery literature. For eleven days, she was at the center of her own mystery, that got international headlines. Unlike the plots in her brilliant books, the motives underpinning this particular storyline are rather vague.
The characters of this real and known incidents were the Two of Britain’s most famous crime writers, Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, creator of Sherlock Holmes, and Dorothy L. Sayers, author of the Lord Peter Wimsey series and herself (Agatha Christie” the queen of crime”).
AGATHA CHRISTIE’S DISAPPEARANCECASE
WHAT DO WE KNOW-
On the December night of 3rd,1926 she drove away from her home in Berkshire and vanished completely. Her car was found abandoned and a huge manhunt was launched. Arthur Conan Doyle, author of the Sherlock Holmes mystery stories and Dorothy L. Sayers, author of the Lord Peter Wimsey series, participated in the search. Their specialist knowledge, it was hoped, would help find the missing writer.
Her disappearance would spark one of the largest manhunts ever mounted. Agatha Christie was already a famous writer and more than one thousand policemen were assigned to the case, along with hundreds of civilians.
Agatha Christie’s disappearance prompted a nationwide search and for the first time in UK history, aeroplanes were employed as part of the search effort.
Newspapers offered rewards for information and her husband Archie was suspected of foul play.
The Home Secretary, William Joynson-Hicks, urged the police to make faster progress in finding her.
It didn’t take long for the police to locate her car. It was found abandoned on a steep slope at Newlands Corner near Guildford. But there was no sign of Agatha Christie herself and nor was there any evidence that she’d been involved in an accident.
Not until 14 December, fully eleven days after she disappeared, was Agatha Christie finally located. Eventually, it was revealed that Christie had absconded to Harrow gate via train, where she spent eleven days hobnobbing with the young social crowd under the name of her husband’s mistress. Christie, upon being discovered, says she had no memory of the events.
The Speculations–
Agatha Christie rarely talked about the incident, simply putting it down to about of temporary amnesia caused by a blow to the head.
The consensus of opinion at the time was that the whole affair (no pun intended) was an act of revenge aimed at her erring husband.
Recent researches on her medical condition suggest that she was suffering from Alzheimer’s disease or other dementia. She died of natural causes in early 1976.
I am a complete sucker for good books, a total bibliophile who loves and appreciates a good story. Now let me tell you this, the book Anxious People by Fredrik Backman is overwhelmingly addictive, in a good way ofcourse. Calling it a good book with a good story would be quite an understatement. This story is breathtakingly beautiful in the most elegant and realest of ways. It was my first time hearing about this author and I found out about this book in the comment section of an Instagram handle that I follow and I immediately fell for the title of the novel. ‘Anxious People’ . Instantly without making any delay I picked this title up and it was the best thing I could have done for myself since it taught me a lot. This book is my favorite book for the time being and it’ll always have a special place in my heart. I’ll always cherish this story and the wonderful people portrayed in it.
As one keeps reading the novel, the story keeps blooming into an ever changing drama between the protagonists of the story since there isn’t a definite protagonist in this fabulous piece of literature. The best part about this book is that the reader can relate to the story and that this isn’t a distant fantasy. The story revolves around real people with real world problems. Hence, it is very much relatable and also enjoyable at the same time. The humour in this book is quite entertaining along with the clever story telling. Frankly this story is hilarious. One can find themselves clutching their stomachs quite often. It is also emotional I might add but not in a sad manner. It deals and teaches us to cope with life situations and also reminds us that humanity still exists and exists splendidly so.
The story is about a bank robbery I could say. But really it is about an apartment viewing, I might be wrong here too. It is actually about Stockholmers. Well why spoil the fun. Find out yourselves what this intricately weaved masterpiece is about. I assure you it’ll be worthwhile and you’ll not be disappointed. Fredrik Backman has written many novels worth mentioning and also has won a lot of prestigious awards for them. I have yet to read his other works since I only stumbled upon the Swedish writer quite recently. I am positive I’ll find all his other works equally entertaining as well and I’m quite excited to pick his books up. I’m quite sure you’ll find yourself loving this book just as much I did.
Every corner of every street, their is a different definition for Feminism. But, the question is, does anyone know what exactly it is? no. One does not know the precise meaning of Feminism, but, as we say, there is always a root to a plant. The root here is equality. feminism is equality. that is it. No more, no less. Feminism is equality between men and women, male and female, him and her, girl and boy, or any other words you may use to refer to that. Feminism is a woman wearing clothes of her choice without being harassed, a mother going to work without being judged, a girl having an equal salary as a man, a lady ruling a kingdom without being considered as fragile or weak. Feminism is not particularly about women doing whatever they want, it is about women having equal rules about not doing something. It is a choice as well as a necessity, it is a regulation as well as freedom, it is about doing what you love and not being judged at. For example, if a man dates multiple women, he is a stud amongst his friends, but if a woman does the same, she is a whore. If a man stays at home to take care his child and the woman goes to work, the woman is the brazen, carefree, shameless devil while the man is a poor innocent fellow, and if the opposite happens, the man is a man and it is the woman’s responsibility to take care of her child and sacrifice her career. This happens everywhere around us, even if we notice or not, and it will keep happening, until we evolve our mindset.
Evolving our mindset isn’t exactly a piece of cake, modifying what’s made of us by this society isn’t easy. We need to process our thoughts correctly, instead of living in translucent denial. I know, some ideas, though innovating, do not fit with our mindset. no matter that we know it is good to adapt that form of thinking, our brains just can’t help nurturing an idea that has been stuck in them, almost since we were born. We need to accept our thoughts, and let them go. absolutely believe in those societal standards, and let them go. This trick, I learnt from my grandmother, she says if you want to clear your mind and have fresh thoughts, this trick will do. Accept the thought, almost believe it, and then imagine letting it go, fly away far away. It has helped me a lot, and during the pandemic, staying alone at home, I got to do this often, and it snapped my personality. literally, and not in a bad way, a good way, a really good way, believe me. So, actually accepting feminism to our bones isn’t really that hard, if you give the time to learn it. Mostly because it’s natural, god made a man, and god made a woman, and he made them both equal. it is the orthodoxic societal standards that made us accept the fact that woman is any step, any level lower or weaker. We have to stop that. we need to stop that. and if you are with me, we will stop that.
she is a goddess, she is a queen, and I can’t render enough that she is a beautiful human being. Rhymes good, doesn’t it? now bring this rhyme to life. People, not only women, but men and third genders too, have died craving and fighting for freedom of women. And, if you, regardless of gender, can’t do something to decrease this hollow gap between men and women, then what are you doing? we are all born the same, and if you don’t help towards keeping that as it is, the what are you doing? Life is a gift, and all shall have it. Free, Joyful and alive. Otherwise, this world will worsen, the few beautiful things, the first cry of a baby, the smile of a little girl, will vanish. equality between men and women is the only and only way that we can save our world from disrupting.
There was a point when digital marketing was just a new and a unique way for marketers to advertise their product to the masses. Gaining popularity since 2008, digital marketing became a huge platform for almost every company to reach out to every corner of the country effectively. Each and every organization or start-up have their own website and it is difficult these days to run a business without it.
As the internet is inter-connecting the whole world digitally, online marketing is also gaining more attention. So, why is it so important?
1.REACHES OUT TO MASS POPULATION
Considering more than half of the youth these days and the older generation as well is constantly active on social media, it becomes a huge platform for companies to put up their products and advertise it to the masses with less efforts and time.
2.HELPS SMALL BUSINESSES
It is crystal clear that bringing a small business on the top rank is not an easy job especially when there are huge competitors out there like Amazon, Starbucks, McDonnlads and the list goes on. This is where digital marketing comes into picture. A small business cannot have a store next to Starbucks and expect to overtake their business, but they can promote themselves over the internet to as much of the population as possible to make a known place for themselves.
3.INTERACTION WITH THE PUBLIC
If your product is advertised on newspaper or television, you can only hope that people saw it and gained some interest in it. Also, you don’t even get their feedback on it. But, if it is done through social media, you get to interact with your audience digitally and know whether your product is suitable enough for a buyer or not. You receive a proper feedback and know where to improvise.
4.COST EFFECTIVE
In case of marketing through newspaper or magazines, you need to have a medium size capital to invest in your advertisement and if you choose television as your medium, then a huge capital must be available to do so. On the other hand, digital marketing doesn’t demand a high level of investment. Here, you get to choose a daily budget for your promotion and therefore, the cost could be as less as you want and under your budget.
5. MUCH FASTER
An online ad reaches out to your audience within a few seconds whereas, a newspaper or a magazine might take a few days or a whole week and television takes even longer due to its long procedure of planning, gathering, shooting, editing and lot more.
6.TRACK YOUR CAMPAIGN
When you advertise digitally, you get the option to track your campaign which enables you to analyze how successful it has turned out to be. You can track how many people clicked on your advertisement to go to your website, how many of them liked and shared it and also you can make changes in your promotion according to your performance.
Keeping in mind the current pandemic, what better way could there be to socialize with people and promote yourself than digital marketing when everyone has chosen the digital road for their work. Online ads are the best way to get your company at the top even during such a big crisis.
United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) is the main deliberative, policymaking and representative organ of the United Nations (UN). Each 193 member state has equal power to vote, providing a unique forum for multilateral discussion of the International issue by comprising all the member states.
Each year in September the Assembly meets for regular sessions; thereafter as required. Through the dedicated agenda items or sub-items discussion of certain issues is done which leads to the adoption of resolutions. Amid covid-19 when all in-person meeting was not possible UNGA included virtual platforms to conduct meetings and other novel means to guarantee business continuity.
Abdulla Shahid of the Maldives opened the 76th session of the United Nations General Assembly on 14 September 2021 as he was sworn in as General Assembly President. Over 100 heads of state and government are expected to attend in person. The size of delegations allowed into the General Assembly Hall has been limited. Due to the global pandemic, UN Member States were encouraged to provide pre-recorded statements instead of travelling to UN Headquarters.
Pandemic is not the only problem the world is facing right now. The world has been facing the challenges such as Racism, intolerance, inequality, poverty, hunger, armed conflict, climate change and other ills for decades. General Assembly is an important opportunity for all to come together and work for the future that is different from today.
The theme for the 76th session is “Building Resilience through hope to recover from COVID-19, rebuild sustainably, respond to the needs of the planet, respect the rights of people, and revitalise the United Nations.”
• SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS (SDG) Sustainable Development Goals are a call for action by all countries- poor, rich and middle-income – to promote prosperity while protecting the planet. It is also an outline for fighting poverty and hunger, achieving gender equality, confronting the climate crisis and much more, within the next ten years.
In unpredictable times, the SDGs show the way to advance towards a strong recovery from COVID-19 and a better future for all on a safe and healthy planet. Sustainable Development Goals are a global pact to create a future where nobody is left behind. These 17 goals were adopted by all countries at the United Nations in September 2015.
DECADE OF ACTION In the aspect of human and planetary well being ‘Decade of action’ is a universal call to action to end poverty, to protect Earth and ensure all people enjoy peace and prosperity. In September 2019, the secretary-general called on all sectors of society to mobilize for a decade of action on three levels: Global action to secure greater leadership, more resources and smarter solutions for the Sustainable Development Goals; local action implanting the needed transitions in the policies, budgets, institutions and regulatory frameworks of governments, cities and local authorities; and people action, including by youth, civil society, the media, the private sector, unions, academia and other stakeholders, to generate an unstoppable movement pushing for the required transformations.
Progress is being made in several places but action to meet the Goals is not yet developing at speed that is required to meet the achievements. The Decade of Action calls for accelerating sustainable solutions to all the world’s biggest challenges — ranging from poverty and gender to climate change, inequality and closing the finance gap.
The pandemic became the unprecedented wake-up call that demanded urgency in actions and ambition. The progress that was planned and had been achieved for the decade of action got shaken in the very first five months of the pandemic, spreading the vary that then SGD moment is going off track.
Covid-19 began as a health crisis and quickly become a human and socio-economic crisis. It also urged everyone to see the importance of the preservation of the achieved progress.
“We need to turn the recovery into a real opportunity to do things right for the future.” – UN Secretary-General António Guterres.
Some of the event highlights
• On 20 September the second SDG moment took place with leaders from over 30 countries addressing the theme ‘Plans, pathways and partners for Recovery and beyond.’ In inclusion of four focal topics Gender equality; Connectivity; Youth in Action; and Localising the SDGs.
• On 23 September, the first-ever food summit will take place completely virtually to mobilise the actionable commitments to transform food systems.
• On 24 September, the first global gathering on energy under UNGA auspices since the UN Conference on New and Renewable Sources of Energy in 1981, ‘High-level Dialogue on Energy’ will be commenced.
• On 28 September, the High-Level Event on Jobs and Social Protection for Poverty Elimination event will be conveyed virtually.
2021 remains a crucial year to bring back the balance with nature, take measures about the climate emergency, and get ahead of the pollution crisis while making sure that no one is left behind. The topics that have been discussed and are to be discussed in the 76th United Nations general assembly are a reminder of what must be done for the future so our dreams won’t be lost forever. Only by being together, we can tackle the feeling of helplessness and hopelessness that many of us are currently feeling. As long as we are united we can make a difference for the sake of our planet and each other.
‘One person can hope for change and two can make it come true with the support of each other.’
Eduindex 
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