Subhas Chandra Bose, affectionately called as Netaji, was one of the most prominent leaders of Indian freedom struggle. Subhash Chandra Bose (23rd January 1897 – 18th August 1945) was a well-known freedom fighter of India whose non-compromising patriotic attitude made a national hero. His exceptional leadership qualities in gathering support for independence has earned him the honorific “Netaji” meaning “Respected Leader” in Hind He founded Indian National Army (Azad Hind Fauj) to overthrow British Empire from India and came to acquire legendary status among Indian masses.

Early Life and Childhood:

Subhash Chandra Bose was born in a Kayastha family on 23^rd January 1897 at 12:10 P.M. His mother’s name was Prabhavati Dutt Bose and his father was Jankinath Bose, who was an advocate in Cuttack, Orissa, then under the Bengal Province.Prabhavati Devi was a pious and religious lady. Subhas Chandra Bose was the ninth child among fourteen siblings. Subhas Chandra Bose was a brilliant student right from the childhood. He topped the matriculation examination of Calcutta province and graduated with a First Class in Philosophy from the Scottish Churches College in Calcutta. He was strongly influenced by Swami Vivekananda’s teachings and was known for his patriotic zeal as a student. In January 1902 at the age of five, he was admitted into Stewart High School; Cuttack.Ravenshaw Collegiate School in Cuttack and Presidency College in Kolkata were some of the premier institutions where he joined in furtherance of his education.

Clearing the Indian Civil Services (ICS) :

To fulfill his parents wishes he went to England in 1919 to compete for Indian Civil Services. In England he appeared for the Indian Civil Service competitive examination in 1920, and came out fourth in order of merit. However, Subhas Chandra Bose was deeply disturbed by the Jallianwalla Bagh massacre, and left his Civil Services apprenticeship midway to return to India in 1921. Being born in a well to do family, Netaji studied in some of the prestigious schools and institutions of British India.

Subhash got selected in the Indian Civil services examination, yet resigned from his job on 23^rd April 1921 and headed back towards India. The reason for his resignation from the ICS as he stated in a letter to his brother was that he was opposed to work under the British government. In the letter he further stated – “Only on the soil of sacrifice and suffering can we raise our national edifice”.

Political Life :

After returning to India Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose came under the influence of Mahatma Gandhi and joined the Indian National Congress. On Gandhiji’s instructions, he started working under Deshbandhu Chittaranjan Das, whom he later acknowledged his political guru. Soon he showed his leadership mettle and gained his way up in the Congress’ hierarchy. In 1928 the Motilal Nehru Committee appointed by the Congress declared in favour of Domination Status, but Subhas Chandra Bose along with Jawaharlal Nehru opposed it, and both asserted that they would be satisfied with nothing short of complete independence for India. Subhas also announced the formation of the Independence League. Subhas Chandra Bose was jailed during Civil Disobedience movement in 1930. He was released in 1931 after Gandhi-Irwin pact was signed. He protested against the Gandhi-Irwin pact and opposed the suspension of Civil Disobedience movement specially when Bhagat Singh and his associates were hanged.

Freedom Struggle –Falling-out with Gandhi :

After the General Elections of 1937, Congress came to power in seven states and Subash Chandra Bose was released. Shortly afterwards he was elected President of the Haripura Congress Session in 1938. During his term as Congress President, he talked of planning in concrete terms, and set up a National planning Committee in October that year. At the end of his first term, the presidential election to the Tripuri Congress session took place early 1939. Subhas Chandra Bose was re-elected, defeating Dr. Pattabhi Sitaramayya who had been backed by Mahatma Gandhi and the Congress Working Committee. Clouds of World War II were on the horizon and he brought a resolution to give the British six months to hand India over to the Indians, failing which there would be a revolt. There was much opposition to his rigid stand, and he resigned from the post of president and formed a progressive group known as the Forward Block. Netaji, respected Mahatma Gandhi but was doubtful of the latter’s methods and agendas for the independence of India.  Being a soldier at heart, he tried to organize Indian politicians for forcibly deporting British from the Indian soil. Unfortunately, he failed, as senior Indian leaders at that time were largely in support of peaceful protests and marches.

Escape to Germany :

Subhas Chandra Bose now started a mass movement against utilizing Indian resources and men for the great war. There was a tremendous response to his call and he was put under house arrest in Calcutta. In January 1941, Subhas Chandra Bose disappeared from his home in Calcutta and reached Germany via Afghanistan. Working on the maxim that “an enemy’s enemy is a friend”, he sought cooperation of Germany and Japan against British Empire. In January 1942, he began his regular broadcasts from Radio Berlin, which aroused tremendous enthusiasm in India. In July 1943, he arrived in Singapore from Germany.

Azad Hind Fauj :

 In Singapore he took over the reins of the Indian Independence Movement in East Asia from Rash Behari Bose and organised the Azad Hind Fauj (Indian National Army) comprising mainly of Indian prisoners of war. He was hailed as Netaji by the Army as well as by the Indian civilian population in East Asia. Azad Hind Fauj proceeded towards India to liberate it from British rule. Enroute it lliberated Andeman and Nicobar Islands. The I.N.A. Head quarters was shifted to Rangoon in January 1944. Azad Hind Fauj crossed the Burma Border, and stood on Indian soil on March 18 ,1944.

Activity in exile :

A little more than a year after the japanese invasion of Southeast Asia, Bose left Germany, traveling by German and Japanese Submarines and by Plane, and arrived in May 1943 in Tokyo. On July 4 he assumed leadership of the Indian Independence Movement in East Asia and proceeded, with Japanese aid and influence, to form a trained army of about 40,000 troops in Japanese-occupied Southeast Asia. On October 21, 1943, Bose proclaimed the establishment of a provisional independent Indian government, and his so-called Indian National Army (Azad Hind Fauj), alongside Japanese troops, advanced to Rangoon and thence overland into India, reaching Indian soil on March 18, 1944, and moving into Kohima and the plains of Imphal. In a stubborn battle, the mixed Indian and Japanese forces, lacking Japanese air support, were defeated and forced to retreat; the Indian National Army nevertheless for some time succeeded in maintaining its identity as a liberation army, based in Burma and then Indochina.

Netaji’s Mysterious Demise:

The Government of India has decided to celebrate Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose’s birth anniversary every year on January 23 as Parakram Diwas. This was decided by the Central government to inspire people of the country, especially the youth, to follow on the path of Bose’s ideals. The legendary leader’s demise, however, still remains a mystery and theories come up almost until recently that Netaji had faked his death to work secretly in some other country. Today, we look at some of these death theories about the legendary legendary leader that have resurfaced over the years and been a topic of curiosity around the world.

The universally known story of his death was that he died in a plane crash on August 18, 1945 in Taihoku (Taiwan). However, his followers refused to believe this story and instead said that he survived the plane crash and lived in secret with a different identity until he grew old. One of the other bizarre theories about his death claimed that the plane crash was a decoy by the Japanese to help Bose escape to the former Soviet Union. This theory had been proposed by Retd Major Gen GD Bakshi in his book, Bose: The Indian Samurai – Netaji and the INA Military Assessment. In his book, the retired general stated that Netaji set up a Azad Hind Government embassy in Russia, he also successfully made three radio broadcasts from Siberia which gave away his location to the British. It is after this that the British interrogated Netaji and thus tortured him to death, alleges the retired general.

Netaji distinguished himself as a soldier in the history of Indian freedom struggle. His ability to gather the support of the world leaders for the cause of Indian freedom was commendable and hinted towards his diplomatic excellence. In the history of freedom struggle of India, there is no one who could replace Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose in popularity and respect.

THANK YOU !

Symbols Golden class as a symbol of misplaced veneration
In the biblical book of Exodus, the Israelite awaited Moses, their leader who had gone in search of enlightenment on Mount Sinai. During this time, without effective religious leadership, they made a golden idol in the shape of a graph and began to worship it. The golden calf was not an appropriate subject for the Israelites to worship. Dryden like in the English people’s veneration and an institution of government- a state that could be readily controlled by the people it governs- to the worship of golden calf, thereby indicating that such feeling of veneration was bad and inappropriate. The ideological notion that kings out to be constrained or limited by the government is represented as misguided.

Crown as a symbol of ruler Government and divinity appointed authorities
The text uses the word crown a decorative ornament associated with kings and rulers, to represent the kings, the government, and the legitimate authority as appointed by God. The use of the same word is to represent all these concepts lies in inviting the readers to assign to a government and to a human being the same authority they associate with their deity.

A flock of sheep as a symbol of people
The use of sheep represents a community of people with the leader as a wise shepherd, generally associated with Jesus leading his flock. It is used ironically here to tell an Old Testament story that is intended as an allegory for political events occurring in England. The Sheep represent the common English people. It suggests that people are easily swayed and led because they do not think for themselves.

Allegories rape as an allegory for rebellion
Dryden set forth a premise sometimes people cannot admit to wanting something rather, they prefer to be forced into it. Therefore, by forcing such an individual into a situation, he or she secretly desires is the person doing the forcing is doing the “victim” unnecessary and pleasing favor acting as a satirist Dryden exaggerates the argument into something so shocking it ends up supporting the opposite conclusion.

Bible story as an allegory for the exclusion crisis
The entire poem, which tells the story of Absalom and Achitophel’s rebellion against King David of Israel, is an allegory of the events that occurred in England in the late 17th century. Dryden uses biblical characters and events to comment upon the exclusion crisis and its major players ultimately supporting King Charles II in his right to the throne.

Action may not always bring happiness, but there is no happiness without action.

William James

Why is Motivation Important?

Why is it important to understand motivation? Why do we care about what people want and why they want it? How about because it can improve our lives.

Understanding motivation gives us many valuable insights into human nature. It explains why we set goals, strive for achievement and power, why we have desires for psychological intimacy and biological sex, why we experience emotions like fear, anger, and compassion.

Learning about motivation is valuable because it helps us understand where motivation comes from, why it changes, what increases and decreases it, what aspects of it can and cannot be changed, and helps us answer the question of why some types of motivation are more beneficial than others.

Motivation reflects something unique about each one of us and allows us to gain valued outcomes like improved performance, enhanced well-being, personal growth, or a sense of purpose. Motivation is a pathway to change our way of thinking, feeling, and behaving.

Benefits of Motivation

Finding ways to increase motivation is crucial because it allows us to change behavior, develop competencies, be creative, set goals, grow interests, make plans, develop talents, and boost engagement. Applying motivational science to everyday life helps us to motivate employees, coach athletes, raise children, counsel clients, and engage students.

The benefits of motivation are visible in how we live our lives. As we are constantly responding to changes in our environment, we need motivation to take corrective action in the face of fluctuating circumstances. Motivation is a vital resource that allows us to adapt, function productively, and maintain wellbeing in the face of a constantly changing stream of opportunities and threats.

I have learned from my mistakes, and I am sure I can repeat them exactly.

Peter Cook

There are many health benefits of increased motivation. Motivation as a psychological state is linked to our physiology. When our motivation is depleted, our functioning and wellbeing suffer.

Some studies show that when we feel helpless in exerting control for example, we tend to give up quickly when challenged (Peterson, Maier, & Seligman, 1993). Others have proven than when we find ourselves coerced, we lose access to our inner motivational resources (Deci, 1995).

High-quality motivation allows us to thrive, while its deficit causes us to flounder. Societal benefits of increased motivation are visible in greater student engagement, better job satisfaction in employees, flourishing relationships, and institutions.

But unhealthy fluctuations in motivation also explain addiction, gambling, risk-taking, and excessive internet usage. The motivation that underlies addictive behaviors shares the neurological underpinning associated with dopamine centric rewards system and tricky inner working of the pleasure cycle.

Sankranti is a harvest festival celebrated in India. Sankranti is derived from the word ‘Sankramana’, meaning a ‘change’. It is also called ‘Makara Sankranti’, as the Sun enters ‘Makara Rasi’ that day. It usually falls on 14th of January every year. The Sun starts its northward journey from the Tropic of Capricorn towards the Tropic of Cancer. This journey is called ‘Uttarayana’, meaning northward march. We, in India, are to the north of the equator. W rejoice on Sankranti Day, because the chilly cold winter comes to a close, and healthy sunny days are about to begin.
Sankranti is called ‘Pongal’ in Tamilnadu and ‘Pedda’ or ‘Peddala’ Panduga in some parts of Andhra Pradesh. ‘Pedda’ means big and ‘Panduga’ means a festival. It is a festival, when prayers and offerings are made to ancestors. It is celebrated in different ways in different parts of the country, as it is a harvest festival. It is a festival to thank God for giving a good harvest. By January the paddy, the pulses, the sugarcane and all other cereals would have been harvested. The farmers would be full of joy and happiness.
The Sankranti festival is a three day festival. The first day is ‘Bhogi’, the second day ‘Sankranti’ and the third day, ‘Kanumu’. On the first day ‘Bhogi’. people get up very early and bonfires are raised burning all old waste material to bid farewell to winter. The streets are swept clean and beautiful rangolis are drawn by women. Small cowdung cubes decorated with flowers are placed before each house, welcoming the Goddess of Wealth. In the evening, in some other parts ‘Bogipallu’ are poured on children for their health. In some other parts girls gather round and dance singing “Gobbiallo” in chorus.
The next day is Sankranti or Pongal. It is a day of feast. Sweet food is prepared with new rice, new jaggery, new vegetables, and fresh milk in new pots. The prepared pongal (sweet food) is offered to Sun God. Then offerings are made to forefathers. There are some special dishes
made for the occasion with pumpkins and greengram. All the people wear new clothes. Alms are given to the poor. It is a day of enjoyment. Cock fights, gambling etc., take place in the evening. In the north and even in Andhra Pradesh people take a dip in holy rivers and offer prayers. A dip in the Ganges on Makara Sankranti day is considered sacred.
The third day Kanumu is a day meant for cattle. All cattle are given a bath. They are dressed and decorated with flowers. Horns are painted. Cattle are fed with cooked sweet rice. Some worship cows. In the evening races are conducted for bulls to draw carts and to draw big stones. Heavy prize amounts are awarded to the victorious. Bull fights by young men are in vogue in some part., of the country. Sankranti is a festival of joy and happiness for all.

The morning rays of Sunlight starts from you and my uncommon dark night ends with you!! You are my one and only constant with whom I spend time each and every day…

Yes… It is you who makes my happy day , happiest at the end. It is you who makes my sad day ,much better and make me get ready for the next day with a huge smile on my face.

There is never a best and a beautiful time in this world ,than the time I spend with you.” True lovers never hurt each other” , it is you who made me believe this because you never hurt me at any situation. I love you not only for what you have done to show you wonderful but for what you do to make me move on with a bright smile.

It is you with whom I share my happy nights by hugging you tightly… It is you with whom I share my sorrowful nights by letting my tears drop on you, you take then into you and never let it run, this shows your love towards me…

” I’m sure I can’t love you more than I do at this moment,yet I know I will tomorrow”.

Some times I think who are you to me?

Are you my best friend? Because my dry eyes and your wetness tells the same story …

Are you my mom? Because when I rest on you ,I feel like I’m on my mother’s lap. I can feel the warmth of my mother only in you…

no matter who you are, to me, ” I need you ,like a heart needs a beat ” ,till the end…

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If dreams were horses, beggars would ride.

The above quotation has been very well depicted in the story Going Places by the author A.R Barton. Sophie, a teenager whose dreams and disappointments are all in her mind. Dreams are forte and integral part of her life due to which she thinks life to be bed of roses and is busy in concocting the stories, due to which she lands in thick soup one day. She is not ready to accept the reality of being embarked for biscuit factory.

Geoff, Sophie’s brother, was three years out of the school. His silence was his hallmark. Words have to be priced from his mouth alike stones or gravels from road. He is a realistic person, working as a mechanic and accepts what he is bestowed with.

Sophie and Geoff, both hero worship and idolize Danny Casey, an Irish prodigy and footballer, but Sophie takes the footballer in her dreams. She thinks of meeting him at arcade and dating him. On the other hand, Geoff is only restricted of sticking Danny Casey’s photograph on the wall and celebrate his victory with pomp and show.

Hence, Geoff and Sophie, though of the same family, had different approaches, where on one hand Sophie thinks of riding big cities, but Geoff is a realistic person.

The land between two parallel rivers surrounds by the divine Brahmaputra river, summed up with rich culture , varied heritage . The first largest river island of world been the first island district of country covering a 553 km² area .It is the center point of  Neo-Vaishnavite culture, under the efforts of Srimanta Sankaradeva, Neo- Vaishnavite is a small part of Hinduism, brought by the reformation movement in old Hinduism, spreading the religion among the people through songs and folklore.

Majuli has been the capital of culture for the Assamese civilization from 16 th century. The main reason for its rich and colourful culture is its ethnic tribes, such as Brahmins, Kalitas, Kochs, Naths, Koibartas, Mishings, Deori, Sonowol Kacharis, Ahoms. Chutiyas, Suts.

it known for the creation of the Neo-Vaishnavism, such as satras or monasteries, the holy corer of the Ekasarana dharma, Satras been the center point of neo- vaishnavite culture, under the efforts of Srimanta Sankaradeva, followed up with opening of  64  satras, each having its own significance with unique history, but due to consequences of flood and erosion, Majuli left with 31 satras of worth watching or some shifted to safer places.

the Satras for once a visit are:

Samuguri Satra:

The satra is renowned for its fascinating mask-making culture or Mukha Samskriti.

Dakhinapat satra:

The center of art and culture exhibiting various forms of sculptures, paintings, and dances and it was patronized by the kings of the Ahom dynasty.

Garmur Satra:

Garmur Satra has been the divine venue for the organizing of cultural activities such like Raas Utsav or the Raas festival.

Kamalabari Satra :

It’s the center of culture, art, literature studies.

Raas Utsav:

The grand occasion of Majuli is the Raas Utsav, a celebration of 4 to 5 days in month of November every year , presenting the life of lord Krishan in rich artistic and cultural form by many experienced women and men artists.

Food culture :

Majuli food culture includes mixed authentic dishes of different tribes, such as Porag aapin (rice cooked in a leaf), vegetables, and Pamnam fish and chicken baked in banana leaf, or pork, chicken, or fish cooked in bamboo pipes.

Routes for arrival to Majuli:

• Take the ferry from the Neemati ghat, Jorhat to the kamalabari ghat, Majuli. Duration of 57 to 60 minutes.

•  By Air, Jorhat Airport is the nearest airport to Majuli, then take a ferry to reach Majuli, book a taxi from Jorhat to Neemati ghat, The last ferry depart at 3:00 pm everyday.

•By bus, there are many buses available from Guwahati to Majuli route of 13 to 14 hours.

Freedom from fear is more important than legal justice.

Gandhiji in 1917, led the Civil Disobedience Movement spark in Champaran against the British rule, for the cause of poor peasants, who were crushed under the might and power of Britishers. Hence, he wanted to build a self-reliant, united and independent army of the peasants, emerging from their weakness, despair and suppression. Gandhiji led a protest march and rallies to usher in the independence and liberty from British rule. Hence, this politics was not intervened with complicated socio-economic problems but was of the day to day problems like education and healthcare.

A true politician is like a scientist, who collects all the facts related to the problem, interconnects them and then arrive at a result. The politics of today, is fickle and hollow. The present situation of society lacks both, to be in law and order, a nation should have a good law followers as well as makers for fear to fade. Instead, today’s politics is intervened with corruption, blames games and agitate people to do wrong things and follow evil practices so as to gain utmost support. Truth and devotion for nation lacks within the politics followed today.

The law of today, indeed creates fear in the minds of the people and forces them to break the law and not abide it.

Therefore, good and visionary people are need of the hour today, to make countrymen free from fear.