Current Strategies used in Regenerative Medicine

The most common and most used strategy is cell-based therapy. Humans have a complex body structures and parts, having multicellular framework making it complicated and because of this it is difficult to know functions and structural role of each and every cell of the body. The ability of the cells to differentiate into other cells types is defined as “Cell Potency”. There are some cells which lack the ability of differentiation or cell potency.

Cell therapy consists of injecting novel or healthy cells in the pathogenic or injured tissues to just start differentiating there to help the cell grow back like earlier again. Also these cells are difficult to grow in in-vitro conditions as they do not give a considerable amount of cells, also for organs (e.g. liver) with a great replication potential in-vivo, as the cells lose the usual microenvironment needed to proliferate.

Stem cells can proliferate extensively, with the capacity of self-renewing while they maintain their undifferentiated state, until they are induced to differentiate into a specific cell type. Stem cells can be obtained in several ways, most commonly three ways; they are autologous if derived from patient, allogenic f derived from a human donor and xenogeneic if derived from another animals. And here we are more focused on the third type which is the xenogeneic one as animal regeneration plays very effective role in the human regenerative therapy. As mentioned earlier also these adult stem cells are present in various parts of human body also and has a lot of role or we can say differentiation to do in various parts of our body like one the part where the population of stem is higher is bone marrow which regularly differentiates all cells and which is possible with the presence of stem cells in there.

GERM LAYERDERIVED TISSUES AND ORGANS
EctodermEpidermal tissues and nervous system
MesodermBone, blood , cartilage, muscle, urogenital system, serious membranes
EndodermGI tract, airways

Being pluripotent and having other advantages is great but there are some difficulties and issues also related to stem cell therapy which cannot be ignored:

  • CARCINOGENESIS: The stem cells can develop into treaties which give rise to carcinogens which are causative agents of cancers and tumours in the body. They are fatal to another extent.
  • REJECTION: They are allogeneic, but immune responses can be avoided with some new developing technologies, like therapeutic cloning and adult cell reprogramming.
  • Need for feeder cells for tropic support: first time feeder cells were used in mouse fibroblasts, correlated with the risk of xeno-contamination.
  • ETHICAL AND MORAL ISSUES: They represent a notable source of debate, as theirsource is an embryo, which development is interrupted by the aspiration.

who is a Teacher?

A teacher is someone who sees everyone’s potential and believes that there is a leader in all. A person who helps others to acquire knowledge, competencies or values. It may be formal or informal.

WHAT MAKES A PERSON A TEACHER?

  • A teacher is someone who understandably cares.
  • A teacher is someone who is not afraid to have conversations with his/her students.
  • A teacher believes that their story will inspire.
  • A teacher will motivate the students to achieve higher AIMS.
  • A teacher helps students to realise their inner strengths.
  • A teacher teaches you how to lead.
  • A teacher show you that you are not weak and can achieve much more.
  • A teacher makes his students realise the importance of time management.

ROLE OF A TEACHER

The role of a teacher in the educational set up is very important. It is a two way process i.e. student and teacher, use like the two sides of the same coin. it is beyond argument that a teacher is the backbone of the society, country and the educational system. He/she represents whole of the society in school which is a sub-society or mini society. The citizens of tomorrow are his/her students and the future of the country lies in their hands. Teacher’s is also a social reformer who guides the student in this regards and removes the social evils. According to Vedic period they are ‘spiritual preceptor’. Teacher is a ‘learning facilitator’.

“YOUR BEST TEACHER IS YOUR LAST MISTAKE”

Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam

A good teacher must have a very good personality; there is no second thought about it. Students always get attracted to teachers with good personality which leads to better communication, understanding and ultimately good results. Another important characteristic of good teacher is his/her knowledge and own education. There is saying that ‘a’ teacher is only as good as his knowledge.

One of the very important characteristic of a good teacher is the communication skills. He/she should be a very good speaker, this characteristic will provide benefits in several ways. For example: Firstly, if his/her communication skills are good, he or she can convey lectures with better skills and result. Secondly, if he/she is a good speaker, the class strength increases automatically. People love to hear a person who can speak well enough and there is always a shortage of good speakers in this world.

the power of music

I suppose music in itself is healing,” American musician Billy Joel oncestated. “It’s an explosive expression of humanity. It’s something we’re all touched with the aid of using. No count number what way of life we’re from, all and sundry loves tune.” Most people might wholeheartedly accept as true with this assertion, and it’s far this generic bond with tune that has led researchers throughout the globe to research its healing cap potential. “We have a the sort of deep connection to tune due to the fact it’s far ‘hardwired’ in our brains and bodies,” stated Barbara Else. We can all consideras a minimum one tune that, whilst we pay attention it, triggers an emotional reaction. It is probably a tune that followed the primary dance at your wedding, for instance, or a tune that reminds you of a tough break-up or the lack of a cherished one. “We have a the sort of deep connection to music due to the fact it’s far ‘hardwired’ in our brains and bodies,” Barbara Else, senior marketing consultant of coverage and studies on the American Music Therapy Association advised Medical News Today.

“The factors of tune – rhythm, melody, etc. – are echoed in our physiology, functioning and being.” Given the deep connection we’ve got with tune, it’s far possibly unsurprising that several research have proven it is able to gain our intellectual fitness. A 2011 have a take a observe with the aid of using researchers from McGill University in Canada observed that being attentive to tune will increase the quantity of dopamine produced with inside the mind – a temper–improving chemical, making it a viable remedy for depression. And in advance this yr, MNT pronounced on a have a take a observe posted in The Lancet Psychiatry that cautioned being attentive to hip-hop tune – mainly that from Kendrick Lamar – might also additionally assist people to apprehend intellectual fitness disorders. But an increasing number of, researchers are locating that the fitness advantages of tunemay matchpast intellectual fitness, and as a result, a few fitness specialists are calling for tuneremedy to be extra broadly integrated into fitness care settings. In this Spotlight, we take a betta have a take a observed number of the cap potential fitness advantages of tune and have a take a observe whether or not, for a few conditions, tune can be used to improve – or maybe replace – modern-dayremedy strategies. Reducing ache and tension Bob Marley as soon as sang: “One accurate factor approximately tune, whilst it hits you sense no ache.” According to a few research, this assertion might also additionally ring true. Earlier this yr, MNT pronounced on a have a take a observe led with the aid of using Brunel University withinside the UK that cautioned tune might also additionally lessenache and tension for sufferers who’ve gone through surgery. By studying seventy two randomized managed trials regarding extra than 7,000 sufferers who acquired surgery, researchers observed folks who have been performed tune after their manners pronounced feeling much less ache and tension than folks who did now no longer pay attention to tune, and that they have been additionally much less probable to wantachemedicine. This impact turned into even more potent for sufferers who were given to pick out the tune they listened to.

Talking to MNT, have a take a observechief Dr. Catharine Meads stated: “If tuned turned into a drug, it might be marketable. […] Music is a noninvasive, secure, reasonably-priced intervention that have to be to be had to all and sundry present process surgery.” This have a take a observe is simplyone in every of many hailing tune for its outcomestowardsache. In March 2014, researchers from Denmark observedtunecan beuseful for sufferers with fibromyalgia – a ailment that reasons muscle and joint ache and fatigue. Listening to calm, enjoyable, self-selectedtune “decreasedache and expandeduseful mobility significantly” amongst 22 sufferers with fibromyalgia, in line with the investigators. But why does tuneseem to ease ache? While the precise mechanisms continue to be unclear, many researchers consider one cause is due to the factbeing attentive totune triggers the discharge of opioids withinside themind, the frame’s herbalache relievers. Dr. Daniel Levitin, of McGill University in Canada, and associatesspeakapproximately this principle in a 2013 evaluate, bringing upstudies that observedhumansskilledmuch lesssatisfaction from being attentive to their preferredtunewhilst given Naltrexone – a drug that blocks opioid signals – suggesting tune induces the discharge of opioids to ease ache. An powerfulstrain reliever When feeling stressed, you coulddiscoverbeing attentive to your preferredtune makes you sensehigher – and there are variousresearch that aid this impact. A have a take a observepronouncedwith the aid of using MNT remaining month, for instance, observed that toddlers remained calmer for longer once theyhave beenperformedtunein place of spoken to – even if speech concernedtoddlerspeak. The have a take a observe researchers, together with Prof. Isabelle Peretz of the Center for Research on Brain, Music and Language on the University of Montreal in Canada, cautioned the repetitive sample of the tune the toddlers listened to decreased distress, in all likelihoodwith the aid of using promoting “entrainment” – the cappotential of the frame’s inner rhythms to synchronize with outside rhythms, pulses or beats. Research indicatestune lowers stages of the “strain hormone” cortisol. Another have a take a observeperformed in 2013 observed that now no longermost effective did being attentive totuneassistlessenache and tension for kidson the UK’s Great Ormond Street Hospital, it helped lessenstrain – unbiased of social factors. According to a few researchers, tunemight also additionallyassist alleviate strainwith the aid of usingdecreasing the frame’s cortisol stages – the hormone launched in reaction to strain. The evaluatewith the aid of using Dr. Levitin and associates, however, indicates this strain-relieving impact is depending on what form oftune one listens to, with enjoyable tune observed maximum probable to decrease cortisol stages. Another mechanism with the aid of using which tunemight also additionally alleviate strain is the impact it has on brainstem-mediated measures, in line with Dr. Levitin and associates, which include pulse, coronary heart charge, blood stress and frame temperature; again, the impact is depending on the form of tune listened to. “Stimulating tune produces will increase in cardiovascular measures, while enjoyable tune produces decreases,” they explain. “[…] These outcomes are in large part mediated with the aid of using tempo: gradual tone and musical pauses are related to a lower in coronary heart charge, breathing and blood stress, and quickertune with will increase in those parameters.” Music’s impact on coronary heart charge and its cap potential as a strain reliever has led some of researchers to consider tune will also be powerful for treating coronary heart conditions. Earlier this yr, MNT pronounced on a have a take a observe provided on the British Cardiology Society Conference in Manchester, UK, wherein researchers from the UK’s University of Oxford observed repeated musical termsmight also additionallyassistmanipulatecoronary heartchargeand decrease blood stress – aleven though they statedextrastudiesis needed on this area. Music and reminiscence Certain songs have the cap potential to remind us of positive intervals or occasions in our lives – a few that make us smile, and a few we might instead forget. With this in mind, researchers are an increasing number of investigating whether or not tune might also additionally resourced reminiscence recollect. Studies advisetunemight also additionally resourced reminiscence recollect for adults withinside the early ranges of dementia.

In 2013, a have a take a observe posted with inside the magazine Memory & Cognition enrolled 60 adults who have been gaining knowledge of Hungarian. The adults have been randomized to one in every of3gaining knowledge of tasks: speak unexpected Hungarian terms, speakme the identicalterms in a rhythmic style or making a song the terms. When requested to recollect the terms, the researchers observedmembers who sang the terms had an awful lotbetterrecollect accuracy than the alternativecorporations. “These consequencesadvise that a ‘pay attention-and-sing’ gaining knowledge ofapproach can facilitate verbatim reminiscence for spoken overseas language terms,” say the authors. Evidence from such research has led researchers to indicatetunemight also additionallyassistreminiscencerecollect for humans with cognitive disorders, which include Alzheimer’s disease. A have a take a observepostedwithinside themagazine Gerontologist remainingyr assessed the impact of tune on reminiscencerecollect in people with early-degree dementia. For the studies, 89 humans with dementia and their caregivers have been randomly assigned to both a 10-week making a songtrainingorganization, a 10-week tune listening trainingorganization or normal care. The consequencesfound out that each the making a song and tune listening corporationsnow no longermost effective had highertemper and averagewellbeing that the same old care organization, however they validatedhigher episodic reminiscence on cognitive assessmentsTrusted Source. The making a songorganizationadditionallyconfirmedhigherrunningreminiscence than the same old care organization. “Regular musical enjoymentsportsmay have long-time period cognitive, emotional, and social advantages in mild/mild dementia and willconsequently be applied in dementia care and rehabilitation,” the authors concluded. Helping get bettermind injury, deal with seizures Increasingly, studies is indicating that tune can assistresourcehealing from mind injury – which include that from stroke. A 2008 have a take a observeperformedwith the aid of using researchers from the University of Helsinki in Finland observed that stroke sufferers who listened to tune for round 2 hours each day had higher verbal reminiscence and interest and a extrafinetemper than folks who listened to an audio ee-e book or not anything at all. What is extra, research have proven that tunemight also additionallyresource speech healing following stroke. One have a take a observeperformed in 2013 with the aid of using researchers from Korea, for instance, observed that stroke sufferers who advancedcommuniqueissues after stroke validatedprogressed language cappotential following 1 month of neurologic tune therapyTrusted Source. Commenting at theviableadvantages of tuneremedy for stroke sufferers, Barbara Else advised MNT: “While the neuroscience and studies findings across thediversetuneremedy interventions hired to aid speech, language, and communique are unexpectedlydeveloping and evolving, that is an interesting area. When blended with our colleagues’ running with thosesufferers in associated disciplines, we regularly see accurateconsequences. Many open questions continue to behowever thepaintingscould be very encouraging.” It has additionally been cautioned that tunemight also additionallyassistdeal with epilepsy – a mindailmentcharacterisedwith the aid of using the prevalence of seizures. Reported with the aid of using MNT in August, a have a take a observeobserved the brains of sufferers with epilepsy displaydistinctive responses to tune than the brains of thesewith out the condition. Conducted with the aid of using Christine Charyton, of The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, and associates, the have a take a observeobserved the brains of humans with epilepsy confirmedmore synchronization in reaction to tune – a “surprising” locating. “Persons with epilepsy synchronize earlier than a seizure. However, in our have a take a observe, sufferers with epilepsy synchronized to the tunewhile not having a seizure,” Charyton advised us. These consequences, Charyton stated, ought tocausea uniqueremedyapproach for epilepsy. “Persons with epilepsy might also additionally use the tune to relax; strainreasons seizures to occur,” she explained. “By being attentive to the tune, many suffererspronounced that they felt relaxed.” Music remedyhave to be appliedextra in fitness care settings Based at thewidespreadproof that tunegivesseverafitnessadvantages, many specialists are calling for moreusage of tuneremedyinsidefitness care settings. “Music therapists are poised and equipped to assess, supply and recordtuneremedyremedyhoweveradditionally to discuss with our colleagues (physicians, nurses, physiotherapists physical, occupational therapists, speech-language pathologists, etc.) to aid the affected person as a part of the interdisciplinary group and care of the affected person,” Else advised MNT. In addition, Else believes that tuneremedyought toprovide an opportunityremedyalternative for a few conditions – which includeanxiety headaches. “A extracomplex case instance I can consider, even thoughextra rare, is for positivepeople who enjoy seizure hobbyrelated totune and auditory exposures – regularly high-frequency sounds and rhythmic intensity,” she stated. “Customized tuneremedy interventions to deal with the offending acoustic exposures can aid stabilization of the affected person’s signs and might also additionally, in turn, bring about a medicinediscount or taper,” she continued. Based at thestudies to date, there’struelyproof that we’ve gotan awful lotextra than simply an emotional reference totune. So the following time you placed on your preferred track, have a touch dance roundsecurewithinside theunderstandingwhich you are probable to be reaping a fewfitnessadvantages.

Kidney Regeneration by Human Regenerative Therapy

Animal models are essential for understanding the pathogenetic mechanisms governing the onset and progression of various kidney diseases and for pre-clinically testing novel, more effective, treatments for the patients afflicted with renal impairment. Despite the presence of several non-rodent models, rats and mice remain principal and indispensable species used by investigators in the field of nephrology. Emphasis is placed on several well-established models, such as the ischemic or reperfusion acute renal failure model, remnant kidney model, and unilateral ureteral obstruction model. Undoubtedly, establishment of authentic animal models is of vital importance in delineating the mechanisms of a range of human kidney diseases and in evaluating the feasibility and efficacy of novel therapeutic interventions.

Kidney diseases are fatal and can cause death and its mortality rate is almost 6-8% annually.

Kidney tissue derived from human pluripotent stem cells was generated using organ development mechanism of xenogeneic foetuses, suggesting possibility of generating humanised kidney using animal metanephroi as a scaffold. To apply his concept to humans, the size of the generated animal needs to be increased using larger host animal. Pigs are considered the most suitable f the possible larger animals models, because of their physiological and anatomical similarities to humans. The strategy that underlies humanised kidney generation assumes the transplantation of xenogenic foetal anlagen to adult patients. For this pig metanephroi has to be studied to see the similarities with human nephron so that the differences can be identified so that when the kidney is transplanted into the person the probability of rejection of the graft is already calculated and taken care off. The use of cloned pigs would be beneficial for this type of transplantation study because metanephroi from a cloned pig foetus could be transplanted into a syngeneic adult cloned pig. Thus, engraftment and growth of the graft could be evaluated without being affected by immune rejection. Kidney regeneration using pig metanephroi as a scaffold has potential not only in human medicine but also for companion animals.

The advent of Fashion trends in pandemic life

Photo by Nataliya Vaitkevich on Pexels.com

“Your prolific life flares from the fashion you do, have, and live”. Indeed, fashion is one of the most prominent elements for millennials. The transformation has been one of the processes through which we all humans have gone through since the establishment.

                          Profoundly, pandemic life has changed everything in this course of life, the lifestyle, food we eat, and the clothes we all wear!

 Clothes are evident, and the fashion which we follow affects us posthumously. The fashion of 2021 is back on track with the easy peasy, breezy, comfy life. People are less bothered by societal norms and the trendy life rather than more into their comfort zone.

        Fashion affects human life more as it affects psychologically. As the season occurs, festive emerged, our taste of fashions fluctuates. Humans are uncertain and so their fashion too!

   The advent of fashion portrays us the new normal which we live in, work from home, chilling at home, fam – jam and so on.

Let’s talk about the altering in the fashion world, The mask, a protector weapon in today’s life. though it’s a new rule for all people but rather the rule has converted into a new trend. Women especially have an area of interest in the fashion world and this is how the fashion world aims at women’s society! whether it’s lipstick, shoes, classy dresses, or maybe a cute hat all is on the side of women.

      Women exist, so fashion exists! It’s humor but a reality that we have relied more on masks than other things. Our priorities lie to wear masks. Wearing a mask on any sort of dress makes them trendy. Certain trends of lipsticks have been distorted due to the arrival of the pandemic but it’s vague if we still use lipsticks on masks.

     Still, there is always a way to the dazzling notions in the minds of these crafted minds of the industry. Invisible masks, which are safe yet the best way to make a woman feel more glamourous and enthralling.

It has 2 faces for a matter of any sort of matter. Even fashion has its 2 sides, the pros and cons of masks showcase us how even masks filter up our inabilities to use them. Certain situations like eating, drink made this life more miserable for humans.

       Living with despair and abashed thoughts in the new life of pandemic where hope is the only element present in the world. Fashion made our lives more fruitful to have conventions on ourselves. Today’s fashion is more about having faith in oneself and being confident of what we wear in our life to enjoy our life with our comfort zone. How one can be more indigently glamorous in their way, living aftermath with a bright side with all those flickering optimism and yet not so according to the word.

 Today’s fashion is about you, not about them!

It’s a simple quote, yet a transparent difference one can look into it with their point.

Delhi University: Societies-Importance for students

The Delhi University is well- known for its academics as well as extra- curriculum. It offers a variety of courses in its affiliated and recognised colleges. Students dream of getting admission to DU colleges. Equally are important the societies of DU as much is its academics. They upskill the students and provide a platform to grow and develop. Societies are a good way to improve yourself and prepare for the future. You can take part in any of the societies as per your (career) choice or hobby. It can be a single or multiple based on your capability to manage things but there are some procedures to be selected for a society in DU. Yes, you have to clear either interviews or auditions to be a member. Some are open societies too, i.e. anyone can enter them but you surely have to participate actively and do hard work to make them a success and make your college proud.

What do the DU societies offer to its students ?

  • There are a number of societies in DU which serve the needs of your career along with making you enjoy the membership.
  • It often makes up a small family or a big group of friends where age is no bar; all three year’s students enjoy and party together besides managing the society.
  • It not only builds a community but also introduce you to the corporate world. You get ready for the formal world by participating in the college activities and also get a chance to launch your own ventures.
  • The staff is very supportive in colleges and always ready to assist the newbies. You will never feel alone or bored once you take part in a college society.
  • You will always feel engaged yet enjoy the moments. There won’t be much burden of work but hard work is a necessity in them.

What are the types of societies in DU ?

  • Social service

You will find some student-led societies that work for the welfare of the people especially who are in need. They provide them assistance either by organising food drives or book donation, etc. to help them out. It feels great to have the youth concerning for the nation and putting forward a step to improve the conditions. The students work their best under the guidance of the college staff and sets up a good example for the upcoming ones.

  • Career related

They help the university students get an exposure to the outside world and sharpen their skills. They provide with opportunities to learn and explore. It could be either by assigning responsibilities in the society itself or outside, i.e. through placements in the corporate world. You will learn while doing and would never regret it. Such societies/cells prepare a student for the formal world full of responsibilities and new opportunities to grow.

  • Hobby / Passion

It’s not necessary to always worry for future, instead you should not worry at all since it spoils the joy of the moment. Think about the present and take up a role you would enjoy forever. There are dance societies, fashion societies, creative writing societies and many more which you can choose as per your hobby or passion to pursue. Usually, their selection process is not hard to crack. You will enjoy a lot in the activities of such society if it matches your preference.

Photo by Helena Lopes on Pexels.com

This is too less to say perhaps. The offerings and advantages can’t be listed better than the real experience a person gets. Besides societies, there are cells and units as well, which too, are student-led. The biggest opportunity and advantage is that the societies are run by the students themselves. They manage the operations their own way but in accordance with university rules. The exposure a student gets especially during college fests is hard to express in short lines. You meet the giant community of the university during fest season.

The societies surely have their own classifications and departments bearing responsibilities and hard work based on good knowledge. It seems easy but actually is difficult, to run such organisations at college level. You need to manage time for that and also grow along to keep up with others’.

Psychological Disorders – Part 1

“What health needs is more sunlight, more candor, and more unashamed conversation.”

– Glenn Close

Introduction

The American Psychiatric Association’s diagnostic manual, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) defines mental disorder as a syndrome characterized by a clinically significant disturbance in an individual’s cognitive, emotion regulation, or behaviour that reflects a dysfunction in the psychological, biological, or developmental process underlying mental functioning. Mental disorders are usually associated with significant distress in social, occupational, or other important activities. Psychologists focus on behaviour rather than actions. Behaviour that is considered maladaptive and causes significant personal distress and interrupts daily functioning is mostly labelled as a disorder.

What is the DSM?

The DSM is a handbook that is used by health care professionals over the world as a guide to diagnosing mental disorders. It gives a list of descriptions and symptoms related to every recognized mental disorder. The way physicians have a list of symptoms to check for physical health issues to not diagnose things differently from other physicians, the DSM plays the same role for psychologists, it helps in keeping a common diagnosis to not create chaos and confusion.

MAJOR CATEGORIES OF DISORDERS IN DSM-5:

Neurodevelopmental Disorders

These consist of disorders that are usually diagnosed in infancy, childhood, or adolescence like Intellectual Disability, this developmental disorder is originally detected before 18 years of age. This includes limitations in intellectual functioning and adaptive behaviours. This disorder was formerly known as mental retardation. The test to check intellectual ability is the IQ test, if the IQ score is under 70, it points towards intellectual limitations. Limitations in adaptive behaviour can involve a lack of efficiency at everyday things such as self-care, social interaction, and other living skills.

Communication Disorders are related to difficulty in the ability to use, understand, or detect language and speech. The DSM-5 further divides this disorder into four parts – language disorder, speech sound disorder, childhood-onset fluency disorder (stuttering), and social communication disorder.

Autism Spectrum Disorder includes persistent deficits in social interaction and communication. The DSM says that the symptoms for this must be noticed in the early developmental period and these symptoms should interfere in the important parts of life which include social and occupational functioning.

Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) consists of a persistent pattern of hyperactivity-impulsivity and/or inattention which interferes in the normal working during the day. This can show up at home, school, work, and social situations.

Bipolar Disorders

This disorder consists of a shift in mood from extremely elevated moods to a depressive period. The elevated moods are called mania or hypomania. Mania is the mood when there is a period of elevated, expansive, and irritable mood with increased activity and energy. This period is usually accompanied by excessive confidence. During this period, people tend to engage in activities that can have a negative long-term impact such as buying a mansion without considering the finances.

Depressive Episodes consist of feelings of depression or sad mood with a lack of interest in activities. It also includes feelings of guilt, fatigue, and irritability. People going through this period can experience difficulty in sleeping and also have suicidal thoughts.

Conclusion

It is very important to understand the depression is different from being sad and similarly being very happy is also different from mania. It should be noted that before assuming a disorder and starting medication, you should consult a psychologist and follow the treatment recommended by them. It should also be understood that if a child is showing signs of a neurodevelopmental disorder, you should take them to a doctor or a psychologist and should not brush it off and scold them for it.

References

NOTE: this is just the Part 1 of the Psychological Disorders series.

What is Regenerative Therapy?

Regeneration is the process of renewal, restoration and growth that, makes genomes, cells, organisms. It is basically the process in which an organism regrows its lost parts, so that original function is restored. This ability to regenerate differs in different groups. For example: lizards who lose all or part of their tails can grow new ones, Sharks continually replace lost teeth, spiders can regrow missing legs or parts of legs etc.
It is one benefit or advantage for animals in which they can immediately regrow the parts of body which may be involved in locomotion, reproduction which are one of the most important processes in the life.
On the other hand, Regenerative therapy or regenerative medicine can be defined as the process of replacing or regenerating human cells, tissues, or organs to restore or establish normal function. Regenerative Medicine refers to a group of biomedical approaches to clinical therapies that may involve the use of stem cells. Regenerative therapy may enable scientists to grow tissues and organs in the laboratory or in in-vitro conditions and safely implant them when the body is unable to heal itself. Also rather than a simple scar as a result of injury can regenerate, there are some human organs and tissues that can regenerate. These include liver, fingertips and endometrium. The cartilage cells divides more as we age.

Veterinary medicine have been integral part and has been associated to the development of stem cell therapies. The large experimental animal models have always contributed large to the development of stem cell therapies and refinement of modern hematopoietic stem cell transplantation were noted nearly 5 decades ago. To restore the damaged cells, tissues, organs it is critical to understand the development mental process of specific tissues and them reproduce it. Stem cells play essential roles in organ developmental and tissue repair. Stem cells have always contributed to these experiments and are one of the most used techniques which are used in the field of developmental biology basically in regeneration of different important parts of our body like the bone regeneration or cartilage regeneration and may more. The embryonic stem cells differentiate into multipoint stem cells, including epithelial, mesenchymal, and other tissue- specific stem cells. Stem cells are actually the mesenchymal cell which are pluripotent in nature which means the cells basically are self replicating and are derived from human embryos or human fatal tissue and are known to develop tissues of the three primmer germ layers. Stem cells are present in our body in different types of tissues. A person’s body contains stem cells throughout their life and the body uses them when it needs them. Some parts of body has a regular presence and use stem cells like the bone marrow, dental pulp, adipose tissue, dermis, umbilical cord and the gut, in which the stem cells regularly divide to produce new body tissues for maintenance and repair. Developmental processes are initiated by interaction between these stem cells, resulting in the formation of highly specialised functional tissues and organs. The role of animal models or animal regeneration has a very important role to play in this human regenerative therapy. Right now also the researches on animal regeneration is carried out and works shows some human regenerative therapies can be carried out using them. Researches and advancements in this field which the stem cells and regenerative medicine continue to expand the knowledge of the basic biology and clinical applications of stem cells. Many of the pioneering developments in these fields of stem cells research have been achieved through collaborations of veterinary and human scientists. This review aims to provide an overview of the contribution of the large animal veterinary models in advancing stem cell therapies for both human and clinical veterinary patients may play in the future evolution of stem cell therapies for both human and animal patients will be explored.

Regenerative medicine implies replacement or regeneration of human cells, tissue or organs, to restore or establish normal function. Regenerative medicine or the human regenerative therapy is one of the major advancements in recent years which works on the principles of stem cell technology and tissue engineering in order to replace or regenerate human tissues and organs and restore their functions. This therapy has helped in the field as it can be used in the treatment of acute injuries, chronic diseases and congenital malfunctions. Many advances in regenerative medicine, including the basic and translational researches, have been developed and tested in experimental animals; pigs have played an important role in various aspects of this work. The value of pigs as a model species is being enhanced by the generation of specially enabling more sophisticated research to be performed and thus accelerating the clinical applications of regenerative medicine.

SUCCESSFUL STARTUP – OLA CABS ( YOUTH MOTIVATOR)

 A SUCCESSFUL STARTUP- OLA CABS

Youth Motivators



Ola Cabs, more popularly known as Ola, is just like any other plaza online, but more pointedly into furnish best Taxi services. Ola, which commence as an online cab aggregator in Mumbai, now resides in the Silicon Valley of India a.k.a. Bangalore, and is come out as a one of the fastest growing businesses in India, out-beating its competitors Uber & Meru.

Coming back to the man behind Ola; simple yet charming Bhavish, with the success of his prodigy has certainly become the talk of the town. But even after becoming a millionaire, he still prefers to not buy a car and take a cab (to set an example, we presume), certainly doesn’t goes down well with his wife. He believes that, such is a small price that every entrepreneur has to pay.

Anyways, when not crushing his competitors, one can catch Bhavish cycling, playing squash or doing what he loves the most – photography. He also maintains a largely popular photoblog!

OLA – COMPANY HIGHLIGHTS
Headquarter Bangalore
Founders/Owners Bhavish Aggarwal and Ankit Bhati
Sector Transportation
Founded December 2010
Revenue 2,544 crores INR ( US$360 million) 2019
Total Funding $4.3 billion
Valuation over $3.3 billion (March 2021)
Parent Company ANI technologies Pvt. Ltd.

Ola has simplified the process of cab booking. From easy payment options to keeping the passenger entertained on the go with ‘Ola Play’, Ola takes care of everything to ensure a smooth ride. Ola now also operates self-drive cars. Be it self-drive or cab hailing, Ola offers a wide range of cars to choose from depending on the number of travelers, budget, and convenience. For traveling within the city, one can hire shared taxis, autos, bikes, and even e-rickshaws through Ola.


One can opt for ‘Ola outstation’ to travel outside the city and ‘Ola rentals’ to rent a cab on an hourly basis. Ola has also launched ‘Ola select’, a subscription-based membership program that offers premium benefits on rides. ‘Ola pedal’, Ola’s bicycle-sharing service, is already a big hit in the IIT Kanpur and the IIT Madras campuses with over 500 cycles.

In 2016, Ola launched ‘Ola corporate’. When employees book their rides through Ola corporate, the fare is deducted from the company’s Ola corporate prepaid account. Hence, companies can easily track the travel expenses of their employees while ensuring their safety.









Ola also introduced Ola money. The products offered under Ola money are Ola money credit card, Ola money postpaid, Ola money mobile wallet, and Ola money hospicash. Ola hospicash is a collaboration between Ola and Religare health insurance that allows the policyholders to claim  Rupees.5000 per day in case of hospitalization.

Ola operates with transparency. The commission is given to drivers for every sale made. Ola is known to charge far less than many other cab operators. With the acquisition of FoodPanda in December 2017, Ola also forayed into the cloud kitchen segment.

Ola launched India’s first multimodal electric vehicle project on 26 May 2017. The project brought together industry experts and the Indian government to pioneer electric vehicles for the public and promote shared mobility in Nagpur. Ola is providing 200+ electric vehicles  for booking in Nagpur through its app. Established as a separate entity, Ola Electric Mobility Pvt. Ltd also reached the unicorn status with $250 million investment from SoftBank in July 2019.

Ola Electric raises $100 MN in debt financing from the Bank of Baroda in what is declared as the largest long-term debt financing agreement in the Indian EV industry. These proceeds, as the company mentioned, will go towards the funding and financial closure of the first phase of development of the manufacturing factory of its electric two-wheelers, which is based out of Chennai.

According to OLA’s December 2020 statement, the company had already announced that it would set up Phase 1 of the factory with investments amounting to Rs.2,400 crore.





LIVING WITH PARENTS

Here, if god exists, then Parents are it's another form of course! Parents are a beautiful gift to everyone on this earth, they are the one who bring us into this world, feed us, care for us and develop us.
Since childhood we live with our parents, we do schooling living with them, we learn from them. Aren't we lucky? We have parents who are with us. Many people in this world are either orphans since childhood or sometimes in certain circumstances they are not able live with their parents. Of course, we are lucky.
Normally after spending 17 years with parents under one roof, a time comes when a child becomes an adult, becomes mature, capable and responsible.
Till the age of 17 a child is in need of parents in order to survive, to develop, to gain basic maturity. But at or after 18 he/she doesn't need help of parents, he/she is capable of moving out in the world where he/she can learn, understand and survive on his/her own. This makes him/her a real survivor and an intellectual person. Unless he/she fails, he/she will not learn, cannot grow. This makes a child an adult.
In Indian society neither parents are ready to let go of their children after 18 to live on their own, nor children want to be independent from their parents. Children want freedom of their own, will of their own and decisions of their own, but they want to be economically dependent, don't want to earn money for themselves. Since, parents are feeding their adult child they want to control him/her in every means, they want their child to live according to them, they want to decide when their child will go, where he/she will go, whether he/she can go or not and many more things. Parents name it as the concern, love, affection and worry towards their children but it's hard to make them understand that the time has gone for being concerned, it's time to teach them to be concerned for themselves. So both parent and their children are responsible equally for this system.  
Parents should neither blame themselves if their children fail, nor credit themselves as for the success of their child.  Children too should neither blame nor credit their parents for anything they are achieving and facing. This change is very much in need to be accepted by Indian parents, not because we have to adopt western culture, or it's not that by doing this we are promoting western culture but the reality is here's where development starts, a child becomes capable of decision making for himself/herself.
Children after 18 should distance themselves from their parents, should make their dependency on parents minimum, should study as well as earn their living. This makes them self reliant, allows them to explore themselves, can learn from the challenges and difficulties and the most importantly they gain experiences from life which makes them a better person. All want to be free and live their life according to their own will and that is the real way of living. Nobody should control anyone after a certain age, not even parents.
After 18 somewhere and at some point the thinking, behavior and characters of parents and children do not match. Very rarely, parents in India are able to adjust themselves according to the time and it's demand. Most of the parents impose their mentality and thinking upon their child, because they are feeding him/her. Generation gap after 18 keeps on increasing because a child becomes mature and gains the capability to think and to understand everything, he/she can decide what's wrong and right for him/her.
When a child reaches at the age of 18 and parents at 38-40, neither a child is in need of parents from that point, nor parents are in need of their children. For parents, that's the time where they can live their life without worries.  For children, that's the time where he/she can grow, can settle himself/ herself, and can be a responsible person.
Parents in India should not take the right of children to choose their life partners too. Marriage is a sensitive topic. It should be left to children to find their own partner and marry on their own. Parents should not take the burden of getting their children married. Life can be as easy as one wants. Parents create a dilemma for themselves by taking unnecessary responsibilities of their children even if their kid is able to do that. Therefore it's better not to be a burden on the parents and should do all the stuffs on your own, for self development
When an individual turns 40-50 and their parents turns 75-80 in age, there's where again child and parents should live together under one roof, because after that age, parents need children, also it's the responsibility of children to take care of their parents at old age, spend time with them. 
Living with parents should be according to the need and demand of time and conditions. When both parents and children are not in need of each other they should not be together. This doesn't decrease love and affection towards each other because love is enormous.  Distance increases the value of love.
Then, life becomes beautiful and perfect without harming each other's freedom and thinking.

ETHICS

Ethics are fundamental principles or ideas that govern a person’s or a community’s activities. This is not a burden to bear, but rather a sensible and successful guide to life and advancement. Because ethics is a fundamental cornerstone on which an enlightened system is based, it is required in business, as well as academic institutions and societal organizations. Following legal laws and being ethical are frequently not synonymous. Emotions, like law, will stray from morality. The inhumane laws controlling apartheid and slavery in South Africa, as well as the practice of sati in India, are instances of unethical laws and customs.

When making decisions, ethics is crucial since it allows one to distinguish between what is right and wrong. Ethics also encompasses a person’s personal moral codes or ideals, which are more personal than codes of ethics.

Importance of Ethics:

The individual, the consumer, the employee, or the human social unit of society are the primary beneficiaries of ethics. Furthermore, ethics is important for the following reasons:

Creating Credibility: An organization that is thought to be driven by moral values is respected in society, even by individuals who have no knowledge of how it operates or what it sells. For example, Infosys is regarded as a company that practices good corporate governance and participates in social responsibility projects. This impression is widespread, even among those who have no idea what the company does.

Uniting People and Leadership: Employees respect and admire organizations that are values-driven. They’re the connecting thread that connects employees and decision-makers. This goes a long way toward bringing the organization’s behaviors together in pursuit of a single common objective or aim.

Improving Decision Making: A man’s fate is the sum of all of his decisions made throughout his life. The same is true for businesses. Values drive decisions. An organization that does not respect competition, for example, will be ruthless in its operations in order to eliminate its competitors and achieve a monopoly in the market.

Long-Term Gains: Organizations that are led by ethics and principles are successful in the long run, even if they appear to be losing money in the near term. In the early 1990s, the Tata Group, one of India’s largest commercial conglomerates, was assumed to be on the verge of bankruptcy, but this proved to be inaccurate. The Tata NANO car, made by the same company, was expected to fail and perform poorly, yet it is already gaining appeal.

Securing the Society: When it comes to securing the society, ethics frequently outperforms the law. The legal system is frequently discovered to be a silent observer, unable to safeguard society and the environment. Technology, for example, advances at such a rapid rate that by the time legislation is enacted, a newer technology with new hazards has supplanted the older. Lawyers and public interest lawsuits may not be very helpful, but ethics can.

Conclusion:

The study of ethics helps students to comprehend human behavior and decision-making. The importance of moral standards in society is highlighted in this paper’s discussion on ethics. Everyone must be conscious of how their activities, whether direct or indirect, affect others. Personal and professional ethics are intertwined and reveal a person’s personality. In any event, our actions and decisions determine how society perceives us. We must consider how others perceive us, our choices, and our actions. Negative ethical decisions are more likely to be observed and judged than positive ethical decisions. Every time an ethical circumstance comes, each individual has a unique obligation to make the appropriate and moral decision.

Molecular Basis of Ageing

Ageing is defined as the gradual deterioration of functional characteristics which are necessary for survival and the whole process of aging is termed as senescence in biological sense. In recent years, the processes and mechanisms of ageing and age-related diseases have also made progress. The scientific study of old age or the process of ageing is called as the gerontology and the biological aspect of process of aging or gerontology is called Biogerontology which is defined as the subfield of gerontology concerned with the biological aging process, its evolutionary origins, and potential means to intervene in the process. It involves interdisciplinary research on biological aging’s causes, effects and mechanisms. Lifespan is the length of time for which an organism lives and Life expectancy is the average period that a person may expect to live. It is found that genetic factors play roles in determining the longevity both within and between species.

Ageing is a complex biological process with complex mechanisms characterised by functional decline of tissues and organs, deterioration of functional characteristics, reduced adaptability and resistance, all contribute to an increase in the mortality caused by multiple chronic diseases. Ageing is divided into two types namely pathological and physiological ageing.

Pathological Ageing is defined as that type of aging in which people grow old with no significant antemortem cognitive impairment, and some of them may be high functioning. Physiological Ageing can be defined as that type of aging in which organism lead to senescence or the decline in the biological functions and organism’s ability to adapt to metabolic stress. The later one is the common ageing type in the human beings and most of the animals. As the process of ageing continues the susceptibility of the body towards different diseases increases like diabetes, muscle dysfunction, skin diseases etc. Ageing related disorders are really a serious threat to human health and reduce quality of life among elderly people.

CELL TYPES INVOLVED IN AGEING

Stem Cells
Stem cells are the cells which have the ability to perpetuate themselves as they are capable of continuous, repeated self-renewal divisions in order to maintain their population. A single stem cell can differentiate into or form different types of mature cell types. Stem cells are basically pluripotent cells characterized as undifferentiated and immature with the ability to self-renew.
Stem cell therapy is widely used in bone regeneration, organ regeneration and especially in cardiovascular regenerative medicine. This is done by regenerating various functional stem cells, with the potential function of regenerating various tissues and organs. Changes in cell cycle and a decline in the self-renewal ability of stem cells are closely related to aging. Decline of self-renewal factors contributes to stem cell aging. Although some changes in their function are intrinsic, more external factors can lead to impairment in their function. Physiological levels of ROS (Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are essential signaling molecules in many biological processes, wherein their level is tightly regulated. Excess ROS may cause apoptosis, premature senescence or unscheduled differentiation of stem cells) could regulate the balance between self-renewal and stem cell differentiation. High ROS levels could lead to DNA damage, shortening of telomeres and onset of premature ageing markers

Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells
According to the evidences it is said that senescent vascular smooth muscle cells have been observed in aging related diseases like diabetes mellitus which indicates that these cells contribute to aging. Aging results in a significant reduction of contractile vascular smooth muscle cells in focal patches along arterioles. Focal loss of contractile VSMCs occurs at a younger age due to the deficiency of senescence related protein which is called as caveolin-1. Age related contractile VSMC loss is not exacerbated by genetic depletion of insulin-like growth factor-1. The patchy loss of contractile VSMCs provides a cellular explanation for previous clinical studies showing focal micro-irregularities in retinal arteriolar responsiveness in healthy aged human subjects and is likely to contribute age-related retinal vascular complications.

Endothelial Cells
Endothelial cells have important functions in paracrine and endocrine actions, such as regulating vascular tension, maintaining blood circulation and neovascularization. Endothelial cells are essential part of the heart and vasculature. Senescence is closely related to endothelial cells. ROS (Reactive Oxygen Species) and inflammation play a role in the apoptosis of endothelial cells. Autophagy and exosomes containing harbor miRNAs which play a very important role in the course of a disease and also participate in the regulation of endothelial functions. Age related diseases are related to endothelial dysfunction and impaired autophagic activity.

Sustainable agriculture in India

Methodology:

  • Introduction
  • Sustainable agriculture in India
  • Need for sustainable agriculture
  • Methods for sustainable agriculture

INDRODUCTION –

Sustainable agriculture simply means doing agriculture efficiently with
the limited resources present without using the future generation
resources.

Sustainability shows the balanced use of resources. The excess usage
of the resources leads to the lack of the resources for the coming
generations. So, it is important to use all the resources in the right
and in the efficient way.

Sustainable agriculture in India

SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE IN INDIA –

Sustainable development is the management of the resources which
means the development of all with the help of the resources we have
and to use those in such a way that the resources used will be less but
the work done will be maximum which will save the resources for
future.

India ranks second worldwide in farm outputs. India is known for its
efficiency in agriculture from the Indus Valley Civilization.
Government of India is continuously working for the sustainable
development in the agriculture as most of the people’s occupation in India is farming.

Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana was launched in 2007 for the overall
state agriculture development in India which aimed for the better
coordination and to produce a good quantity of crops with lesser
resources. Krishi megh program was also introduced after the Rashtriya Krishi
Vikas Yojana its main aim was to inculcate the knowledge of doing the
agriculture in an efficient way.

Inculcating education to farmers can change the production quality as
well as the production quantity.

NEED FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT –

Sustainable or we say the correct use of the resource will not only
save the excess usage of the resources but will also protect us from
the ill effects of the over usage of the resources.

Let’s see how –

Water – So the excess usage of water in agriculture not only wastes
the water but also highly affects the fertility of the soil. Since due to
the over water in the soil the ground soil loses its grip and the fertile
soil flows away with the flowing water.

Sustainable agriculture management

Fertilizers – Fertilizers are used for the proper growth of the crops but
its excess usage destroys the crops.

For all this the right education is necessary. Sustainable agriculture helps in the good production of crops.

METHODS FOR SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE –

  • Proper usage of fertilizers.
  • Inculcate education of new technologies to farmers by
    organizing webinars.
  • Agroforestry
  • Contour Ploughing
    These are some of the efficient methods which are used and
    must be used for the sustainable agriculture.
  • Drop irrigation

References–

Dr. B.R. Ambedkar

Indifferentism is the worst kind of disease that can affect people

Dr.Babasaheb Ambedkar

Dr. B. R. Ambedkar or Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar or Babasaheb Ambedkar a well known Indian Jurist,Economist, Politician and Social reformer. We all know him beccause of the work done by him on the initial stage of our country’s development. But do you know more about his work and Protests he’s being part of? Do you know what his life story? Let’s dig into it more deeply.

Early Struggle

In the early life itself Ambedkar has faces a lot of discrimination issues. If we go for each belongingness it will difficult to reflect his journey.

Ambedkar was born on 14th April 1891 in Mhow town which is actually a military cantonment and currently is in Madhya Pradesh. He was the 14th number child in his family. His father Ramji maloji sakpal is an army officer in British East India Army, mother Bhimabai sakpal. His brothers Balaram, Anandrao and his sisters Tulasa and Manjula. Ambedkar is from Mahar(dalit) caste background which in the ancient time treated as untouchables and subjected to socio economic discriminations. At the age of 15 in 1906 he is married to Ramabai who is 9 yrs old. His marraige is taken place with the consideration of couple’s family choices and decisions.His wife died in 1933 due to long illness.After completing the draft of India’s contitution in the late 40’s ambedkar suffered with lack of sleep, neuropathic pain in his legs.When he went to Bombay there he met Sharada Kabir whom he married on 15th April 1948. After a while she adapted a name “Savita Ambedkar” and cared for him for the rest of his life.She is also called Mai and died on May 29,2003 at the age of 93 in Mumbai.

Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, Savita Ambedkar

After Ambedkar father’s retirement their whole family shifted to Satara. Just after that Ambedkar’s mother Bhimabai died due to illness because of which they are moved to their paternal aunt.Ambedkar is very fond of studies. Out of his all siblings he is the most intelligent one this is the reason he is selected for high school examinations.But on the other hand, in his village satara his family faces alot of discrimination issues. Because of his dalit cast ambedkar family members are not treated as an ordinary people for eg:

  1. They cant drink water from a single tap as used by everybody else.
  2. In school their children have to sit in a sack away from other children’s
  3. Whenever they want to drink water in school peon will give them water from a utensil far away from them so that utensil is untouchable by them.
  4. In case of medical emergencies they did not get any proper medication because the medical persons are not ready to touch them due to discrimination.
  5. The village people fully insult or boycott them from every single alternative to insult them.

The above examples are enough to understand the type of sufferer they have been. Still it will never become blockage for ambedkar determination towards his values to make a difference.

Education

In 1912 he obtained the degree in Economics and Political science from Bombay university. Meanwhile, he also worked as Private tutor, accountant and established an investment consulting business. In 1918 he became professor of political economy in the sydenham college of commerce and econimics in Mumbai. Over there also professor’s objected to share a jug with him. The discrimination which he faced in his town it never leave his path.

Opposition to Untouchability

Inspired by Dalit buddhist and campaigned against social discrimination towards dalit he is being part of many marches and movements. In 1927 he decided to launch active movements against untouchability. Marches for drinking water with a single tap and entering Hindu temples are his common initiated movements. Not only this the learnings from his childhood to his adult, the suffering that he faced all he compressed in establishing in India’s constitution. From importance of lower caste to importance of knowledge for female he implemented all of them in india’s constitution and made a drastic change in the history of the India.

But still the story of this fabulous person came to an end on 6 december 1956 due to his illness and medication side effects. After that as well the legacy he left behind against discrimination, for knowledge gaining and making dedication for making a difference is still effectful in this modern india.

FIRST AID

When a person is injured, the treatment given immediately is called first aid.
First aid can save people who meet with accidents. Everyone has to learn first aid.
After giving first aid, the patient must be taken to a hospital.

First aid refers to the emergency or immediate care you should provide when a person is injured or ill until full medical treatment is available. For minor conditions, first aid care may be enough. The decision to act appropriately with first aid can mean the difference between life and death.

The five main aims of first aid are to:

✓Preserve life.
✓Prevent the escalation of illness or injury.
✓Promote recovery.
✓Provide pain relief.
✓Protect the unconscious.

First Aid Kit

A first aid kit is a collection of supplies and equipment that is used to give medical treatment. There is a wide variation in the contents of first aid kits based on the knowledge and experience of those putting it together, the differing first aid requirements of the area where it may be used and variations in legislation or regulation in a given area.

Cuts

When there is bleeding due to a cut from a blade or knife, tie the wound with a clean wet cloth and take the person to a hospital. Don’t tie tightly.

Bleeding from nose

Apply a wet cloth to the nose to stop bleeding. If the bleeding doesn’t stop take the patient to a doctor.

Wounds

For a wound due to a fall or due to hitting against something, clean the wound by wiping it with clean, wet cotton or cotton cloth. Then clean it with dettol. Put some antiseptic ointment, put a gauge over it and cover it with a cloth. Take the person to a doctor if necessary.

Burns

When there is a wound due to fire, wash the wound gently in cold water. Apply antiseptic cream. Then see a doctor.

Swelling

When a person falls and gets hurt, there is a swelling of some part. Put ice on the swelling, swollen part will be less painful. Don’t bend or use force on the part which is swollen. Only if a bone is broken, there will be a swelling. So the person should be taken to a doctor as soon as possible.

Electric Shock

A person who receives an electric shock should not be touched immediately. The main switch should be put off. Then move the person away and make him comfortable. Give him a coffee or tea to drink. Take him to a doctor if necessary.