Month: July 2021

GENDER EQUALITY

Gender equality: what is it and why do we need it?

We need gender equality urgently. Find out what gender equality means and why it’s important.

Gender equality is when people of all genders have equal rights, responsibilities and opportunities. Everyone is affected by gender inequality – women, men, trans and gender diverse people, children and families. It impacts people of all ages and backgrounds.

We need gender equality urgently. Gender equality prevents violence against women and girls. It’s essential for economic prosperity. Societies that value women and men as equal are safer and healthier. Gender equality is a human right. Everyone benefits from gender equality.  Gender equality is a fundamental human right. Yet despite progress, women and girls around the world do not fully experience equal rights and their potential as economic, social and sustainable development change-agents remains untapped.

Gender equality is a fundamental human right. Yet despite progress, women and girls around the world do not fully experience equal rights and their potential as economic, social and sustainable development change-agents remains untapped. Empowering women and girls helps expand economic growth, promote social development and establish more stable and just societies. Women’s economic empowerment benefits both women and children. It is pivotal to the health and social development of families, communities and nations. Further, the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) underscore women’s empowerment as an important development objective, in and of itself, and highlight the relevance of gender equality to addressing a wide range of global challenges.

A growing number of business leaders recognize the importance of women as leaders, consumers, entrepreneurs, workers and caretakers. They are adapting their policies, programme and initiatives to create environments where women and girls thrive

OnePlus launched Nord 2 5G in India, details here…

 

OnePlus launched Nord 2 5G in India. It has been almost a year since the launch of the OnePlus Nord. Though OnePlus has brought major changes in the new Nord 2 5G like, it is the first OnePlus device to support MediaTek’s Dimensity Chipset rather than Qualcomm chipset. 

The device has been priced at Rs. 27,999 for the basic variant, which comes with 6GB of RAM and 128GB. Additionally, two more variants come with 8GB/12GB of ram with 128GB and 256GB storage, respectively. The device will be available in 3 colors namely; Blue Haze, Gray Sierra, and Green Woods. The Green Woods color will be available exclusively in India. 

The phone will go on sale from the 28th of July via Amazon, the OnePlus online store, and via offline stores. Also, for early access, a buyer can get the device on the 26th of July if they have membership of Red Club and Prime membership via the OnePlus online store and Amazon Prime Day sale, respectively.

The OnePlus Nord 2 5G comes with a 6.43-inch Full HD Amoled display with 90Hz refresh rate. It comes with MediaTek Dimensity 1200 AI Chipset. Also, it comes with dual 5G SIM slots. Also, OnePlus promised to give major Android updates for 2 years and security updates for 3 years. The device comes with a 4,500 mAH battery which supports 65W VOOC charging. Regarding the battery, OnePlus claims that the device will provide a backup of one day by just charging it for 15 minutes. 

Talking about the cameras, the phone comes with a triple camera setup; a 50-megapixel primary lens, an ultra-wide 8-megapixel lens, a 2-megapixel mono lens. The front-facing camera comes with a punch-hole design which houses a 32-megapixel lens.

Though OnePlus has always been a promising company, it is yet to be seen what the new Nord 2 5G can do. 

OnePlus launched Nord 2 5G in India, details here…

 

OnePlus launched Nord 2 5G in India. It has been almost a year since the launch of the OnePlus Nord. Though OnePlus has brought major changes in the new Nord 2 5G like, it is the first OnePlus device to support MediaTek’s Dimensity Chipset rather than Qualcomm chipset. 

The device has been priced at Rs. 27,999 for the basic variant, which comes with 6GB of RAM and 128GB. Additionally, two more variants come with 8GB/12GB of ram with 128GB and 256GB storage, respectively. The device will be available in 3 colors namely; Blue Haze, Gray Sierra, and Green Woods. The Green Woods color will be available exclusively in India. 

The phone will go on sale from the 28th of July via Amazon, the OnePlus online store, and via offline stores. Also, for early access, a buyer can get the device on the 26th of July if they have membership of Red Club and Prime membership via the OnePlus online store and Amazon Prime Day sale, respectively.

The OnePlus Nord 2 5G comes with a 6.43-inch Full HD Amoled display with 90Hz refresh rate. It comes with MediaTek Dimensity 1200 AI Chipset. Also, it comes with dual 5G SIM slots. Also, OnePlus promised to give major Android updates for 2 years and security updates for 3 years. The device comes with a 4,500 mAH battery which supports 65W VOOC charging. Regarding the battery, OnePlus claims that the device will provide a backup of one day by just charging it for 15 minutes. 

Talking about the cameras, the phone comes with a triple camera setup; a 50-megapixel primary lens, an ultra-wide 8-megapixel lens, a 2-megapixel mono lens. The front-facing camera comes with a punch-hole design which houses a 32-megapixel lens.

Though OnePlus has always been a promising company, it is yet to be seen what the new Nord 2 5G can do. 

Why Chandra Shekhar Azad is know as “AZAD”, remembering him on his Jayanti

KNOWN FOR HIS BREAVERY & HIS DEVOTION TOWADS THE COUNTRY , AZAD WAS THE MAN OF HIS WORDS.

Every one calls him Chandra Shekhar Azad , but his original name was Chandra Shekhar Tiwari.

Azad was born as on 23 July 1906 in Bhabhra village , in the princely-state of Alirajpur. His forefathers were from Badarka village of Unnao District. His mother, Jagrani Devi, was the third wife of Sitaram Tiwari, whose previous wives had died young. After the birth of their first son, Sukhdev, in Badarka, the family moved to Alirajpur State.

His mother wanted her son to be a great Sanskrit scholar and persuaded his father to send him to Kashi Vidyapeeth, Banaras, to study. In 1921, when the Non-Cooperation Movement was at its height, Chandra Shekhar, then at a tender age of 15 , joined that movement . As a result, he was arrested on 20 December. On being presented before the district magistrate Justice Reverend Tomson Kregat a week later, he introduced himself as “Azad” (The Free), his father’s name as “Swatantrata” (Independence) and his residence as “Jail”. The angry magistrate ordered him to detained to jail for 23 weeks and ordered be punished with 15 lashes a day . his level of devotion towards the country can be measured by his actions , when he was getting lashes , with each lash he said “VANDE MATARAM” & “GANDHI JI KI JAI HO ” . After watching a boy of just 15 , getting lashes as punishment but still shouting VANDE MATARAM , people started recognizing him as “AZAD”

He learnt shooting at a very tender age , he was known for his shooting skills . After the suspension of the non-cooperation movement in 1922 by Gandhi, Azad was disappointed. He met a young revolutionary, Manmath Nath Gupta, who introduced him to Ram Prasad Bismil who had formed the Hindustan Republican Association (HRA), a revolutionary organization. He then became an active member of the HRA and started to collect funds for HRA. Most of the fund collection was through robberies of government property , they property which British govt snatched from Indians. British government was stunned by this behavior of Azad . He didn’t stop here , he was involved in shooting J.P Saunders , who was involved in killing Lala Lajpat Rai , Azad didn’t stop here , he pasted pamphlets on the walls of Lahore’s streets , that revenge of Lala Lajpat rai is taken.

On 27 February 1931, the CID head of the police at Allahabad, Sir J. R. H. Nott-Bower was tipped off by someone that Azad was at Alfred Park and was having a talk with his companion Sukhdev Raj. On receiving it, Bower called on the Allahabad police to accompany him to the park to arrest him. Azad’s old comrades Veer Bhadra Tiwari and Yashpal were also held responsible for tipping off two of the police constables. The police arrived at the park and surrounded it from all four sides. Some constables along with DSP Thakur Vishweshwar Singh entered the park armed with rifles and the shootout began. Sukhdev Raj escaped uninjured. Azad hid behind a tree to save himself and began to fire from behind it. The police fired back. After a long shootout, holding true to his pledge to always remain Azad (Free) and never be captured alive, he shot himself with his last bullet. In the shootout, Bower and DSP Singh were injured in the right palm and jaws respectively. The police recovered Azad’s body after the other officers arrived at the site.

The body was sent to Rasulabad Ghat for cremation without informing the general public. As it came to light, people surrounded the park where the incident had taken place. They chanted slogans against British rule and praised Azad. The park was later on named as Chandra Shekhar Azad park .

This level of love towards the country is hard to find in this era , & on the occasion of Chandra Shekhar Azad ‘s Jayanti we all should remember this great freedom fighter & should take pledge that we will also stand on our country’s side in every situation like Azad .

WOMEN EMPOWERMENT

Women Empowerment is made up of two words women and empowerment. Empowerment means to give power or authority to someone. So, Women Empowerment means power in the hands of women. It signifies that women should be given equal opportunity in every field, irrespective of any discrimination. Our society comprises men and women. In earlier times, men were considered to be the leading members of a family. They were responsible for earning the livelihood and were the decision takers of the family. On the other hand, women were responsible for doing household work and upbringing of the children. So, the roles were mainly based on gender. There was no involvement of women in decision making. If we assess our entire sector, then research says that women’s issues are either focused on her reproductive role and her body or on her economic role as a worker. But none of them is focused on empowering the women.Women can be empowered in various ways. It can be done through government schemes as well as on an individual basis. At the individual level, we should start respecting women and start giving them opportunities equal to men. We should promote and encourage them to take up jobs, higher education, business activities, etc. The Government has come up with various schemes such as Beti Bachao Beti Padhao Yojana, Mahila-E-Haat, Mahila Shakti Kendra, Working Women Hostel, Sukanya Samriddhi Yojana, etc. to empower women. Apart from these schemes, we as individuals can also empower women by abolishing social evils like the dowry system, child marriage. These small steps will change the situation of women in society and make them feel empowered.

Women can be empowered in various ways. It can be done through government schemes as well as on an individual basis. At the individual level, we should start respecting women and start giving them opportunities equal to men. We should promote and encourage them to take up jobs, higher education, business activities, etc. The Government has come up with various schemes such as Beti Bachao Beti Padhao Yojana, Mahila-E-Haat, Mahila Shakti Kendra, Working Women Hostel, Sukanya Samriddhi Yojana, etc. to empower women. Apart from these schemes, we as individuals can also empower women by abolishing social evils like the dowry system, child marriage. These small steps will change the situation of women in society and make them feel empowered.

EACH TIME A WOMEN STAND UP FOR HERSELF, SHE IS STANDING FOR HERSELF.

WHY MEN ARE BUYERS AND WOMEN ARE SHOPPERS ?

Men and women differ from each other in many aspects…. They have different perspectives, motives, actions, thinking and rationales etc. and like everything has certain exceptions, similarly women and men also have exceptions in them. Based on such differences and similarities, the companies try to appeal their customers for buying their products and they design everything accordingly, like product design, advertisement, store design and layout etc. Everything id designed in such a way that the consumers are attracted to them. As per studies, it has been concluded that women only make more than 85% of the consumers and influence over 95% of total goods and services purchased. Women are considered to be more sophisticated when it comes to shopping and take longer time while purchasing anything.

MALE BUYERS

  • While purchasing anything, men try to analyze the use of products first. They try to understand how the products will be used, who will use it, time period of usage for products, which features are necessary and what is offered with different price ranges.
  • With the growth of e-commerce and technological advancements, it has been seen that in current days men’s are preferring to buy things online than in offline mode. It was also concluded through various researches that, men’s are more likely to compare and research about product online more than women.
  • Women generally shop considering the future needs but men tend to purchase things when the need is immediate and it has also been seen that men’s are less likely to compare or take advantage of discounts, deals and offers.

WOMEN SHOPPERS

Women shoppers can be categorized into 4 types:

  • Influencers: One third of the women try to influence by the society by highlighting different trends, varying fashion senses and ways of fashion. They tend to be planners, organizers and mostly spend money on quality products and products that belong to latest trends.
  • Equilibrium or Balanced: One-third of the total women consumers belong to this category and are the group of stable and balanced women’s who are in continual state of equilibrium. They know that everything has time and and amount to be spent. They tend to purchase classic things that are long lasting and may or may not be trendy.
  • Shopping as errand : Women belonging to this category mainly treat shopping as errand or chores, rather than fun experience or adventure. They tend to trustworthy and lifelong customers because of their loyalty. They like hassle free shopping experiences and like men, they are more practical, responsible and loyal customers.
  • Super Shoppers: Women belonging to this category are super shoppers, who constantly try different things, trends and fashion styles. These are the customers who are wanted by companies more while producing any new product.
  • Cultural Artists. Representing slightly more than 1 in 10, women in this group are considered the “super shoppers,” constantly trying different things and starting new trends. They are the group companies actively seek for new products.

Women are considered to be better shopper than men and they are more willing to invest their energy and time in necessary research and comparing products.

Agriculture In India

Agriculture is the most important sector of India and largest contributor to India’s GDP and overall growth of socio-economic sector. It has played a significant role in providing livelihood to two-thirds of the population
India has been greatly dependent on agriculture for food production and imports. Green Revolution took place to improve Indian agriculture in 1960’s due to food crisis. This revolution involved adopting new irrigation facilities, high-yielding variety of seeds, better technologies, proper fertilizer and pesticide usage. This initiative steadily increased wheat and rice production in India. According to the recent survey, total food production during 2020-2021 year was approximately 296 million tones. India is among the 15 leading countries in the world to export agriculture products. Year 2020 has marked a high investment in the agricultural sector. Major companies like Nestle and Haldiram had made major investment in food industry.

Government initiatives to improve agriculture


Pradhan Mantri Mandhan Yojana was launched for small farmers. Under this initiative, farmers between the age of 18 to 40 will have to contribute Rs 55 to Rs 200 and by the time they reach their retirement age i.e., 60 years they will receive Rs3000 per month as pension.


Pradhan Mantri Kisan Samman Nidhi Yojana was launched to provide Rs 60,000 to those farmers who own less than two hectares of land in three installments.


On 1st July, 2015, Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchai Yojana was launched to provide better irrigation supply solutions to farmers. As per the budget of 2021-2022, Rs 4000 crore was enforced towards this this initiative.


To promote organic cultivation among a group of farmers in India, Paramparagat Krishi Vikas Yojana was launched. This inititiave is believed to increase domestic production.


National Animal Disease Control Programme was launched by Prime Minister Narendra Modi to work toward animal diseases related to foot, mouth in livestock.


Animal husbandry industry development was vital. Funds have been announced to improve this industry.
Electronic National Agriculture Market (e-NAM) launched in 2016 enabled e-marketing that provides a combined market for all the food products at a national level.


These initiatives have been helpful to farmers. Such programmes have given big relief to farmers and are continuing to support during this global pandemic.


Covid-19 impact on agriculture


Coronavirus has an adverse impact on many sectors, however growth in agriculture had been unpredictable due to distinction in essential and non-essential goods. During lockdown, many farmers had to throw out their yield to lack of transportation services and restrictions imposed on inter-city travel. Uncertainties in market was observed because of scarcity of money. Initially, certain productions could not make it to the market due to inability to sell it during lockdown. This resulted in increase in overall prices. Consumers had lost their jobs or went through salary cuts, which forced them to prioritize their need according their ability to pay. Demand for non-essential products had reduced has it did not fit in the priority list. Hoarding patterns were adopted by consumers due to uncontrollable demand for essential goods. Despite higher prices of essential goods, people consumed it by shortening demand for non-essential. Pulses, wheat flour, rice and had about 5%- rise in prices post-lockdown. Edible oil prices lowered with removal of restrictions and free distribution of food grains.


Covid has ruined overall food production and food imports. It has damaged Indian and global agricultural system. Farmers have been severely impacted by Coronavirus. Agriculture has not completely recovered but seems to gradually improve post-lockdown.

The Book I Have Recently Seen

 People call me voracious reader. In sooth, I read books extensively. Very recently I have read Charles Dickens’ ‘David Copperfield’. 

David is a posthumous child. Just after his birth, his grandmother Pegotti left the house in rage because she expected a female child rather than a male one. David’s stepfather Mr. Murdstone is a hard-hearted fellow. He sends David to a Boarding School where David suffers inhumane torture in the hand of the Headmaster Creakle. By the by he meets Uriah Heep, a villain, who involves David into troubles and misleads him. By turn of fortune, David finds a job in a farm house and meets Agnes. She is an angel in David’s life. But David can not marry her as destiny prevents their union. Eventually David marries a doll wife Dora. She also can not last long in his life as Plague takes her away. By turn David meets Pegotti and gets her blessings. But she also departs him forever soon. Once again David has to go out in search of fortune and Agnes remains his good concell though they never come closer to each other by bond of wedding. 

In characterization and depiction of contemporary society, Dickens occupaies a distinct place in English literature. 

I have greatly enjoyed reading the novel. The episodes in the novel will remain ever vivid in my memory for many years to come. 

Online Classes is Mental Exhaustion for the Students Rather than Knowledge

In this pandemic who is not familiar with the word online classes which really helped in balancing the education system properly. Corona Virus is a real outbreak and had devastated almost every field but the only ground which remains unshakable was our education system and the credit goes to our expertise technology which helped us in coping up. Online classes are course conducted with the help of teach management system through which students can gets all the details of their studies. With the arrival of such hazardous virus made us all familiar with Zoom Meetings, Microsoft, and Google Meet, etc. arrival of online classes have enhanced our creativity level as well as made us all very much used to with our gadgets. These classes are very much self-paced and provide a great flexibility to the students in the journey of learning the courses. But as we all know every coin has two sides same goes in the case of these online classes too. If it has numerous positive aspects it too has many negative points which could be very dangerous for the students.

The students become very exhausted due to excessive use of mobile phones and laptops. Taking classes from bedroom or drawing hall sounds very cool but reality is something different students become extremely fatigue and exhausted from watching the screens consecutively. On 2020 it was officially announced that students will continue their studies via online mode but who thought that attending lectures are so boring. People think that latest mode of online teaching is very fashionable but then again the knowledge a person acquire is almost null. Staring the screen for long and long hours in a day seems very lethargic plus watching prerecorded lectures didn’t enhanced the knowledge of the students rather than produce the feeling of exhaustion in the mind of the students and as a result degrees and marks are more but knowledge is very less in this contemporary world. These additional assignments have increased burden and stress among the students very much. Online mode of teaching needs a lot of self-discipline but with the course of time decorum of the classes as well as motivation among the students are gradually decreasing. Classroom gives an environment which helps in effective learning but due to lack of proper environment students are struggling to achieve their goals. Arrival of corona virus has already affected our physical system and these online burdens have added an addition weight and increased physical problems like eye strain, excessive headache, fatigue, lack of interest and so on. Thus, the students are less interested in studies and more in passing the time. Another problem is network issue during these classes. Everyone has faced this network issue while attending the online classes and due to this problem students are less concentrated in studying and more in settling the network issues. Summing up that these online classes have balanced the education system a lot but in addition it has failed to provide as much as knowledge offline classes provide.

Colonisation of Asia(South East Asia)

South East Asia

The term “south East Asia” has only been used since the world war. It denotes the area that originally covered Malaya, Dutch East Indies, Burma, Siam, French Indo-China and the Philippines. With the exception of Siam(Thailand), which remained independent,the area was divided between the Dutch, the British and the French.

Malaya Peninsula

When European traders crossed the Indian Ocean at the close of the 15th century, they came for the spices of South-east Asia. When the Portuguese conquered the great international emporium of Malacca for the king of Portugal, the empires of Sri Vijaya and Majapahit had split into many small states. Albuquerque,the Portuguese soldier who conquered Goa and Malacca, and his successors were interested in the spice trade. Towards this end they built a chain of fortified trading stations linked by naval power. Initially they did not interfere with the native rulers. After the arrival of the Dutch and the English there was a challenge to the presence of Portuguese and the rivalry of these three European powers dominated the seventeenth century.
               The Dutch began their conquest of the Portuguese settlements by capturing Malacca in 1641. After establishing a base at Batavia(now Djakarta) in 1619, they interfered in succession disputes among the neighbouring Sultans.Gradually they extended their control over Java, expelling the British from Bantam in 1682. They had already driven them out of the Spice islands after the Massacre of Amboina(1623) and by the seizure of Macassar (1667), thereby forcing the English East India company to turn to the China trade. The Spanish established themselves, begining from their conquest of Manila, which expanded into a larger territory of Spanish East Indies.

Anglo – Dutch Rivalry

Penang Island had been brought to the attention of the East India company by Francis Light. In 1786, the settlement of George Town was founded at the north eastern tip of Penang Island; this marked the beginning of British expansion into the Malay Peninsula. In 1819, Stamford Raffles established Singapore as a key trading post for Britain in their rivalry with the Dutch. However, their rivalry cooled in 1824 when an Anglo – Dutch treaty demarcated their respective interests in Southeast Asia. By 1826 Singapore and Malacca had been linked with Penang to form the strait settlements.

Between 1874 and 1895 to there was a civil war between the remaining five Malay states. The British intervened and signed an agreement with each of the Sultans. British Residents were appointed to the courts of Sultan’s,who had to act in accordance with the advice given by the Residents. In 1896 four of the states were formed into the Federated Malay States. In 1900 there were the Straits settlements,the four Federated Malay States and Johore. The population was about a million, of whom,half were Malay and the merchants, planters and workers in the ports and big plantations were Chinese.Economically Malaya was prosperous

Indonesia

The Dutch had occupied and Sumatra (Indonesia) as early as 1640. But they conquered the other outer islands of East India only in the second half of the nineteenth century,excepting the British possession of North Borneo, Brunei and Sarawak. Initially the Dutch were not interested in politics. But from the beginning of the twentieth century they adopted measures for the social and economic advance of the people they governed. Most Indonesians were fishermen and smell peasents and worked on European sugar, tobacco ,tea, coffee plantations. Heavy investments in these plantations and other concerns, and the discovery of oil in 1900 made Indonesia a valuable colony for the Dutch.

Burma

The British conquered Burma after fighting three wars. Burma remained part of India from 1886 to 1937. Burma was administered by a Lieutenant Governor with the assistance of a nominated Legislative Council. Burma with its fertility of soil became a big exporter of rice and most of South India was depended on Burmese rice. During World war II when Burma fell to the Japanese, south India experienced acute scarcity of rice leading to a famine.

Indo – China

The French conquered Indo-China after strong resistance from the people. Starting in 1858, they brought the Indo- Chinese Union under their control by 1887. Indo-China consisted of Annam, Tongking ,Cambodia and Cochin-China. Laos was added six years later. Of them only Cochin-China was directly under French control, i.e., as a French colony. The remaining four were protectorates. Under this system,the local rulers remained, but they governed under the instructions of French Residents. Hanoi was the capital of the French government. Rice, rubber and wheat were the main exports. Laos reamained undeveloped.

French in Indo-China

The Philippines

Spanish in philippines

Spain ruled the Philippines for over 300 years, imposing its language, culture and religion.Consequently the population became predominantly Roman Catholic. Nationalism developed among the Filipinos during the latter part of the nineteenth century. There were the serious revolts in 1872 and 1896, which were crushed by the Spanish colonial government. In 1898, however,spain was defeated by the United States in a war over Cuba, and as a result Phillipines became an American colony.

Siam (Thailand)

Thailand was spread the experience of foreign rule, though it too was greatly affected by the power politics of the Western powers. The administrative reforms of the late 19th century, continuing up till around 1910, imposed a Westernised form of government on the country’s partially independent cities called ‘Mueang’. Western powers, however, continued to interfere in its internal and external affairs.

Positive Psychology

Positive psychology is one of the newest branches of psychology to emerge. This particular area of psychology focuses on how to help human beings prosper and lead healthy, happy lives. While many other branches of psychology tend to focus on dysfunction and abnormal behaviour, positive psychology is centered on helping people become happier. Positive psychology is designed to “complement and extend the problem-focused psychology that has been dominant for decades,” explained the late Christopher Peterson, author of “A Primer in Positive Psychology” and professor at the University of Michigan, in a 2008 article published in Psychology Today. “Positive psychology is…a call for psychological science and practice to be as concerned with strength as with weakness; as interested in building the best things in life as in repairing the worst; and as concerned with making the lives of normal people fulfilling as with healing pathology,” Peterson wrote.

According to leading authorities in the field, Martin Seligman and Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi, positive psychology will help achieve “scientific understanding and effective interventions to build thriving in individuals, families, and communities.” In order to understand the field of positive psychology, it is essential to start by learning more about its major theories, applications, and history.

History of Positive Psychology

“Before World War II, psychology had three distinct missions: curing mental illness, making the lives of all people more productive and fulfilling, and identifying and nurturing high talent,” wrote Seligman and Mihaly Csikszenmihalyi in 2000. Shortly after WWII, the primary focus of psychology shifted to the first priority: treating abnormal behavior and mental illness. In the 1950s, humanist thinkers like Carl Rogers, Erich Formm and Abraham Maslow helped renew interest in the other two areas by developing theories that focused on happiness and the positive aspects of human nature.

General interest in positive psychology has grown tremendously since the concept was introduced. Today, more and more people are searching for information on how they can become more fulfilled and achieve their full potential.

Uses

Positive psychology can have a range of real-world applications in areas including eduction, therapy, self-help, stress management, and workplace issues. Some of the major topics of interest in positive psychology include: Character strengths and virtues, Flow, Gratifications, Gratitude, Happiness, Pleasure, Helplessness, Hope, Mindfulness, Optimism, Positive thinking, Resilience .

Impact of Positive Psychology

Some of the major findings of positive psychology include: Money doesn’t necessarily buy well-being, but spending money on other people can make individuals happier, People are generally happy, Some of the best ways to combat disappointments and setbacks include strong social relationships and character strengths, While happiness is influenced by genetics, people can learn to be happier by developing optimism, gratitude, and altruism, Work can be important to well-being, especially when people are able to engage in work that is purposeful and meaningful.

Potential Pitfalls

Positive psychology is often confused with positive thinking, and misconstrued as self-help tactics rather than research-backed theories. Positive thinking is a way of thinking ourselves into better behavior and greater resilience, rather than behaving our way into a different frame of mind. Positive psychology, on the other hand, is the scientific study of what makes people thrive. It focuses on behaviors that can lead to a more optimized frame of mind as well as on thought patterns that lead to more functional behaviors.

Welcome to your Space Opera

“May the force be with you”. This statement alone is enough to tell you how popular and impactful space operas are. Whether it’s Star Trek or Star Wars ( yes they’re both different) or Battlestar Galactica franchise and Robert A. Heinlein’s 1959 novel Starship Troopers, sci fi has always fascinated people.

Space operas, considered as sub genre of science fiction emphasizes fictional space warfare driven by technology and science fictional devices.

Art of Ayan - Grand Space Opera: Light Age - Keyframe Design

What’s even more fascinating , is that these fictional tales are no longer just part of the books or movies but have started to interlink with the present and probably the future.

 Ronald Reagan proposed the a plan of strategic defense initiative – a system of lasers and missiles and the critics and newspapers named it as Stars Wars.  This gained further resonance when Reagan described the Soviet Union as an “evil empire”.

Star trek , was etched with liberal themes that were dominating American society in the 1960’s  like racism, the nuclear arms race, the struggle between democracy and totalitarianism -all part of Star Trek.

This all mirrored the post Second world war scenario in the world.

.Kingpins , in these sci fi , in quest of more power, battle for higher political ground , which is a reflection of the current conflicts in the world.

Handmaid’s Tale, by Margaret Atwood, is set in a dystopian future, wherein women are forced to live as concubine under a fundamentalist and theocratic dictatorship. Wherein the women , are not even called out by their own names, but are named after their ” masters”. Women being forced to be subservient to men …Sounds familiar right ? This book is not exactly a space opera, but for sure classifies as sci fi and a thriller with jarring similarities to the past, present and a possible future.

Whether it’s shows like Black Mirror, West World, or movies like The Walking Dead, World War Z- they all hold testament to the horrifying yet reality we all are living in.

Increasing  political distress in the world, racial stratification and on top of that the armed powerful countries; this sounds like a plot of a space opera , sadly , we are all living it today .Launch of Space force by the Donald Trump; China and Russia also preparing to enter the competition; Business moguls having the access to space , this all is the beginning of something, – maybe of a new space opera- but this time it’s for real.

today news

 BREAKING NEWS

ईमेल से हुआ Raj Kundra के डर्टी पिक्चर प्रोजेक्ट ‘ख्वाब’ का खुलासा, दे…

BREAKING NEWS

ईमेल से हुआ Raj Kundra के डर्टी पिक्चर प्रोजेक्ट ‘ख्वाब’ का खुलासा, दे…

Viral News: 5 साल की बच्ची ने पांच मिनट में सुनाए 30 श्लोक, India Book of Records में दर्ज हुआ नाम

India Book Of Records: माहिका की मां ने बताया कि उनकी बेटी हर सुबह पूजा में श्रीमद्भगवद्गीता के श्लोक पढ़ती है. बेटी का नाम इंडिया बुक ऑफ रिकॉर्ड्स में दर्ज होने से वो बहुत खुश हैं.

Punjab: क्या Navjot Singh Sidhu और Amarinder Singh के बीच सब हो गया ठीक? मुलाकात की तस्वीर आई सामने

नवजोत सिंह सिद्धू (Navjot Singh Sidhu) की ताजपोशी से पहले पंजाब के मुख्यमंत्री कैप्टन अमरिंदर सिंह (Captain Amarinder Singh) से मुलाकात की तस्वीरें सामने आई हैं. इसके बाद राजनीतिक हलकों में यह चर्चा तेज हो गई है कि क्‍या अब कैप्‍टन और सिद्धू के बीच तल्‍खी खत्‍म हो गई है.

सीएम कैप्टन अमरिंदर सिंह ने चाय पार्टी रखी थीचाय पार्टी में सिद्धू-अमरिंदर सिंह की मुलाकात हुईसिद्धू की ताजपोशी में भी अमरिंदर सिंह शामिल होंगे

चंडीगढ़: नवजोत सिंह सिद्धू (Navjot Singh Sidhu) आज (23 जुलाई) पंजाब कांग्रेस के नए अध्‍यक्ष का पदभार ग्रहण करने जा रहे हैं और उनकी ताजपोशी में शामिल होने के लिए पंजाब के मुख्यमंत्री कैप्टन अमरिंदर सिंह (Captain Amarinder Singh) राजी हो गए हैं. सिद्धू की ताजपोशी से पहले उन्होंने अमरिंदर सिंह से मुलाकात की, जिसके बाद राजनीतिक हलकों में यह चर्चा तेज हो गई है कि क्‍या अब कैप्‍टन और सिद्धू के बीच तल्‍खी खत्‍म हो गई है.

 

कैप्टन-सिद्धू के मुलाकात की तस्वीरें आईं सामने

नवजोत सिंह सिद्धू (Navjot Singh Sidhu) के पदभार ग्रहण करने के पहले मुख्यमंत्री कैप्टन अमरिंदर सिंह (Captain Amarinder Singh) ने चाय पार्टी रखी थी, जिसमें सिद्धू शामिल हुए और अमरिंदर सिंह से मुलाकात की. इस दौरान पंजाब कांग्रेस के प्रभारी हरीश रावत (Harish Rawat) भी मौजूद थे. अमरिंदर सिंह और नवजोत सिंह सिद्धू के मुलाकात की तस्वीरें मुख्यमंत्री मीडिया सलाहकार रवीन ठुकराल (Raveen Thukral) ने शेयर

कैप्टन के विरोध के बाद सिद्धू चुने गए अध्यक्ष

मुख्यमंत्री अमरिंदर सिंह (Amarinder Singh) के कड़े विरोध के बावजूद कांग्रेस अध्यक्ष सोनिया गांधी (Sonia Gandhi) ने रविवार को नवजोत सिंह सिद्धू (Navjot Singh Sidhu) को पार्टी की पंजाब इकाई का नया अध्यक्ष नियुक्त किया था. कांग्रेस अध्यक्ष ने अगले साल राज्य में विधान सभा चुनाव की तैयारी को लेकर सिद्धू की सहायता के लिए संगत सिंह गिलजियान, सुखविंदर सिंह डैनी, पवन गोयल और कुलजीत सिंह नागरा को प्रदेश कार्यकारी अध्यक्ष नियुक्त किया था.

प्रियंका गांधी के एक कॉल से नरम पड़े अमरिंदर

अमरिंदर सिंह (Amarinder Singh) नवजोत सिंह सिद्धू (Navjot Singh Sidhu) को पंजाब कांग्रेस का अध्यक्ष बनाए जाने से नाराज चल रहे थे. हालांकि अब कांग्रेस की राष्ट्रीय महासचिव प्रियंका गांधी (Priyanka Gandhi) ने अमरिंदर सिंह से बात की और इसके बाद वह नरम पड़ गए. प्रियंका गांधी से फोन पर बातचीत के बाद अमरिंदर सिंह सिद्धू की ताजपोशी पर जाने को राजी हो गए.

नवजोत सिंह सिद्धू ने भेजा था आमंत्रण

अमरिंदर सिंह (Amarinder Singh) लगातार नवजोत सिंह सिद्धू (Navjot Singh Sidhu) से माफी की मांग कर रहे थे, लेकिन उन्होंने माफीनामा की बजाय कैप्टन अमरिंदर सिंह को कल (22 जुलाई) आमंत्रण पत्र भेजा था, जिसमें करीब 60 विधायकों के साइन थे.

BREAKING NEWS

सोपोर में सुरक्षाबलों ने ढेर किए 2 आतंकी, मारा गया लश्कर-ए-तैयबा का टॉ…

Maharashtra Rain Live: मुंबई के गोवंडी इलाके में बिल्डिंग गिरी, तीन लोगों की मौत, 12 घायल

महाराष्ट्र में लगातार हो रही भारी बारिश की वजह से नदियां उफान पर हैं और कई जिलों में बाढ़ जैसे हालात हो गए हैं. भारी बारिश की वजह से मुंबई सहित राज्य के कई अन्य हिस्सों में रेल और सड़क यातायात प्रभावित हुआ है. इसकी वजह से अधिकारियों को बचाव कार्य में प्रशासन की मदद के लिए भारतीय सेना और राष्ट्रीय आपदा मोचन बल (NDRF) को बुलाना पड़ा है. रायगढ़, रत्नागिरी और कोल्हापुर जिलों में कई नदियां खतरे के निशान से ऊपर बह रही हैं और संभावित बाढ़ की स्थिति को देखते हुए सतारा, सांगली और कोल्हापुर जिलों में भी एनडीआरएफ की इकाइयों को तैनात किया गया है. महाराष्ट्र में बाढ़ की खबरों पर लगातार अपडेट के लिए हमारे Live Blog के साथ बने रहें…



Viral News: 5 साल की बच्ची ने पांच मिनट में सुनाए 30 श्लोक, India Book of Records में दर्ज हुआ नाम

India Book Of Records: माहिका की मां ने बताया कि उनकी बेटी हर सुबह पूजा में श्रीमद्भगवद्गीता के श्लोक पढ़ती है. बेटी का नाम इंडिया बुक ऑफ रिकॉर्ड्स में दर्ज होने से वो बहुत खुश हैं.

Punjab: क्या Navjot Singh Sidhu और Amarinder Singh के बीच सब हो गया ठीक? मुलाकात की तस्वीर आई सामने

नवजोत सिंह सिद्धू (Navjot Singh Sidhu) की ताजपोशी से पहले पंजाब के मुख्यमंत्री कैप्टन अमरिंदर सिंह (Captain Amarinder Singh) से मुलाकात की तस्वीरें सामने आई हैं. इसके बाद राजनीतिक हलकों में यह चर्चा तेज हो गई है कि क्‍या अब कैप्‍टन और सिद्धू के बीच तल्‍खी खत्‍म हो गई है.

सीएम कैप्टन अमरिंदर सिंह ने चाय पार्टी रखी थीचाय पार्टी में सिद्धू-अमरिंदर सिंह की मुलाकात हुईसिद्धू की ताजपोशी में भी अमरिंदर सिंह शामिल होंगे

चंडीगढ़: नवजोत सिंह सिद्धू (Navjot Singh Sidhu) आज (23 जुलाई) पंजाब कांग्रेस के नए अध्‍यक्ष का पदभार ग्रहण करने जा रहे हैं और उनकी ताजपोशी में शामिल होने के लिए पंजाब के मुख्यमंत्री कैप्टन अमरिंदर सिंह (Captain Amarinder Singh) राजी हो गए हैं. सिद्धू की ताजपोशी से पहले उन्होंने अमरिंदर सिंह से मुलाकात की, जिसके बाद राजनीतिक हलकों में यह चर्चा तेज हो गई है कि क्‍या अब कैप्‍टन और सिद्धू के बीच तल्‍खी खत्‍म हो गई है.

 

कैप्टन-सिद्धू के मुलाकात की तस्वीरें आईं सामने

नवजोत सिंह सिद्धू (Navjot Singh Sidhu) के पदभार ग्रहण करने के पहले मुख्यमंत्री कैप्टन अमरिंदर सिंह (Captain Amarinder Singh) ने चाय पार्टी रखी थी, जिसमें सिद्धू शामिल हुए और अमरिंदर सिंह से मुलाकात की. इस दौरान पंजाब कांग्रेस के प्रभारी हरीश रावत (Harish Rawat) भी मौजूद थे. अमरिंदर सिंह और नवजोत सिंह सिद्धू के मुलाकात की तस्वीरें मुख्यमंत्री मीडिया सलाहकार रवीन ठुकराल (Raveen Thukral) ने शेयर

कैप्टन के विरोध के बाद सिद्धू चुने गए अध्यक्ष

मुख्यमंत्री अमरिंदर सिंह (Amarinder Singh) के कड़े विरोध के बावजूद कांग्रेस अध्यक्ष सोनिया गांधी (Sonia Gandhi) ने रविवार को नवजोत सिंह सिद्धू (Navjot Singh Sidhu) को पार्टी की पंजाब इकाई का नया अध्यक्ष नियुक्त किया था. कांग्रेस अध्यक्ष ने अगले साल राज्य में विधान सभा चुनाव की तैयारी को लेकर सिद्धू की सहायता के लिए संगत सिंह गिलजियान, सुखविंदर सिंह डैनी, पवन गोयल और कुलजीत सिंह नागरा को प्रदेश कार्यकारी अध्यक्ष नियुक्त किया था.

प्रियंका गांधी के एक कॉल से नरम पड़े अमरिंदर

अमरिंदर सिंह (Amarinder Singh) नवजोत सिंह सिद्धू (Navjot Singh Sidhu) को पंजाब कांग्रेस का अध्यक्ष बनाए जाने से नाराज चल रहे थे. हालांकि अब कांग्रेस की राष्ट्रीय महासचिव प्रियंका गांधी (Priyanka Gandhi) ने अमरिंदर सिंह से बात की और इसके बाद वह नरम पड़ गए. प्रियंका गांधी से फोन पर बातचीत के बाद अमरिंदर सिंह सिद्धू की ताजपोशी पर जाने को राजी हो गए.

नवजोत सिंह सिद्धू ने भेजा था आमंत्रण

अमरिंदर सिंह (Amarinder Singh) लगातार नवजोत सिंह सिद्धू (Navjot Singh Sidhu) से माफी की मांग कर रहे थे, लेकिन उन्होंने माफीनामा की बजाय कैप्टन अमरिंदर सिंह को कल (22 जुलाई) आमंत्रण पत्र भेजा था, जिसमें करीब 60 विधायकों के साइन थे.

BREAKING NEWS

सोपोर में सुरक्षाबलों ने ढेर किए 2 आतंकी, मारा गया लश्कर-ए-तैयबा का टॉ…

Maharashtra Rain Live: मुंबई के गोवंडी इलाके में बिल्डिंग गिरी, तीन लोगों की मौत, 12 घायल

महाराष्ट्र में लगातार हो रही भारी बारिश की वजह से नदियां उफान पर हैं और कई जिलों में बाढ़ जैसे हालात हो गए हैं. भारी बारिश की वजह से मुंबई सहित राज्य के कई अन्य हिस्सों में रेल और सड़क यातायात प्रभावित हुआ है. इसकी वजह से अधिकारियों को बचाव कार्य में प्रशासन की मदद के लिए भारतीय सेना और राष्ट्रीय आपदा मोचन बल (NDRF) को बुलाना पड़ा है. रायगढ़, रत्नागिरी और कोल्हापुर जिलों में कई नदियां खतरे के निशान से ऊपर बह रही हैं और संभावित बाढ़ की स्थिति को देखते हुए सतारा, सांगली और कोल्हापुर जिलों में भी एनडीआरएफ की इकाइयों को तैनात किया गया है. महाराष्ट्र में बाढ़ की खबरों पर लगातार अपडेट के लिए हमारे Live Blog के साथ बने रहें…

Software Verification Methods

Software Verification : Verification is the process of manually examining / reviewing a document. The document may be SRS, SDD, the program itself or any document prepared during any phase of software development.

The objective of any verification method is to review the documents with the purpose of finding faults. Many methods are commonly used in practice like peer reviews, walkthroughs, inspections, etc. Verification helps in prevention of potential faults, which may lead to failure of software. Verification and validation activities may be performed after the implementation phase. However, only verification is possible in the phases prior to implementation like the
requirement phase, the design phase and even most of the implementation phase.

1) Peer Reviews

Any type of testing (verification or validation), even adhoc and undisciplined, is better than no testing if it is carried out by person(s) other than the developers / writers of the document with the purpose of finding faults. We give the document(s) / program(s) to someone else and ask to review the document(s) / program(s). We expect views about
the quality of the document(s) and also expect to find faults. This type of informal activity may give very good results without spending any significant resources.

Many studies have shown the importance of peer review due to its efficiency and significance. Our thrust should be to find faults in the document(s) / program(s) and not in the persons who have developed them. The activities involved may be SRS document verification, SDD verification and program verification. The reviewer may prepare a report
of observations and findings or may inform verbally during discussions.

2) Walkthroughs

Walkthroughs are more formal and systematic than peer reviews. In a walkthrough, the author of the document presents the document to a small group of two to seven persons. Participants are not expected to prepare anything. Only the presenter, who is the author, prepares for the meeting. The document(s) is / are distributed to all participants. During the meeting, the author introduces the material in order to make them familiar with it. All
participants may write their observations on any display mechanism like boards, sheets, projection systems, etc. so that every one may see and give views. After the review, the author writes a report about findings and any faults pointed out in the meeting.

The disadvantages of this system are the non-preparation of participants and incompleteness of the document(s) presented by the author(s). The author may hide some critical areas and unnecessarily emphasize on some specific areas of his / her interest. Walkthroughs may help us to find potential faults and may also be used for sharing the documents with others.

3) Inspection

Many names are used for this verification method like formal reviews, technical reviews, inspections, formal technical reviews, etc. This is the most structured and most formal type of verification method and is commonly known as inspections. The presenter is not the author but some other person who prepares and understands the document being
presented. This forces that person to learn and review that document prior to the meeting. The document(s) is / are distributed to all participants in advance in order to give them sufficient time for preparation.

Important points are displayed by some display mechanism so that everyone can see them. The moderator, preferably a senior person, conducts such meetings and respects everyone’s views. The idea is not to criticize anyone but to understand their views in order to improve the quality of the document being presented. Sometimes a checklist is also
used to review the document. After the meeting, a report is prepared by the moderator and circulated to all participants. They may give their views again, if any, or discuss with the moderator. A final report is prepared after incorporating necessary suggestions by the moderator. Inspections are very effective to find potential faults and problems in the document like SRS, SDD, source code, etc.

The Pegasus Spyware

Spyware is a software with malicious behaviour with an objective to accumulate the details about an individual or organization and send it to the another entity (whether individual or org) that intend to harms the user. It violates the privacy of a person or firm and endangered their devices. One such spyware is Pegasus.

Pegasus, originally an Israeli spyware, named after the mythical winged horse Pegasus, can be transmit flying through the air to infect phones. It has potential to read the messages, tracking calls, stealing passwords, location tracking, accessing target mobile’s microphone and camera. It is created by NSO group, an Israeli technology firm.
Back in August 2018, it is for the first time discovered in India, that led to the investigation and revealed its existence. And now become the ‘most sophisticated smartphone attack’ ever.

Current scenerio in India-

2019, Facebook initiated a suit against NSO, asserting that Pegasus has been used to seize the whatsapp communication of atleast 300 individuals in India including Journalists, bureaucrats, activists and even ministers too. It has now become a topic for debate in parliament since the allegations are made against the government spying on its own citizens and invading into their private life. The NSO’s claim that only governments are their customers and not the private entities has made these proclaimation strong. According to NSO, Pegasus and other spyware are exclusively exported to government entities for the purpose of preventing and scrutinize crimes and to counter terrorism.  Pegasus has now snooping into people’s lives illegitimately due to its nature to obtain information outside the boundaries of law.

Two acts, in this regard are made i.e.  Information Technology Act of 2000 and Telegraph Act 1885 and these both acts  criminalise hacking. Telegraph Act 1885, deals with the interception of calls allowing government to intercept calls only in certain conditions. Similarly, IT Act of 2000 enacted to intercept all the electronic transmission. To use Pegasus like spyware, government would have to invoke both the Acts and the government has claimed that all interception in India takes place lawfully.


Constitution of India guarantees the freedom of thought, speech and expression (Article 19) and Right to privacy. These are the fundamental rights of an individual protected by Supreme court and significant for a nation to identify itself as a democracy.